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人教 模块六 Unit3 A healthy life语言知识学案

人教 模块六 Unit3 A healthy life语言知识学案
人教 模块六 Unit3 A healthy life语言知识学案

Unit 3 A healthy life

一.单词考点

Section A Warming-up,Reading&Comprehending

1.abuse的用法

滥用;妄用;辱骂;咒骂

n

eg:It’s typical abuse of his position and power.

滥用,妄用;虐待;辱骂

v

eg:Stop abusing the child.

2.stress的用法

[C,U]压力;重压;紧张

n

搭配:

under stress在压力之下

under the stress of为……所迫

eg:He was under a lot of stress since his grades aren’t good.

[U]强调,重要性

n

搭配:

lay/put/place stress on sth.着重强调某事

eg:He laid particular stress on the need for discipline.

着重,强调

v

eg:Mum stressed that he should be home by nine o’clock.

区别:stress,pressure

⑴stress可指物体承受的压力,也可指人在心理上、精神上承受的压力、负担或紧张。

⑵pressure指在科学上,单位面积上所受的压力,故常用于血压,大气压等。

3.ban的用法

(尤指法律上)禁止

vt

搭配:

ban sb./sth.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事

eg:The government has banned the use of chemical weapons.

[只单]禁止;禁令

n

搭配:

place/put……under a ban禁止……

lift the ban on/against…对……开禁

declare a ban on…宣布对……禁止

eg:We should declare a total ban on nuclear arms.

区别:forbid,ban,prohibit

⑴ban语气最强,指权威机关明文取消或禁止严重危害公众利益的事或行为,有“严厉谴责”之意。

⑵forbid一般用词,指直接地、面对面地吩咐不许他人采取行动。

⑶prohibit正式用语,指通过法律手段或指定规则加以禁止。

4.due to

由于,因为,归功于

表示原因,可作定语、状语、表语;不放在句首。

另外,表示原因的because of,owing to,thanks to既可以放在句首,也可位于句末;但because of,thanks to只可作状语,而owing to可作状语和表语。

短语:

be due to

预期要做某事

eg:The train is due to arrive at 12 o’clock.

区别:due to;owing to;because of;thanks to

⑴due to用于较庄重的书面语中,侧重“起因于”,一般不用于句首。在句中多作表语,有时作状语。

⑵owing to可与due to换用,在句中多作状语,也可作表语。

⑶because of着重某种原因或理由,在句中通常作状语。

⑷thanks to突出一种感激之情,含“多亏”意味。

eg:①Owing to a traffic hold-up,I missed my flight.

=I missed my flight because of a traffic hold-up.

②Thanks to your help,I succeeded.

③My success is due to your help.

的用法

5.tough

adj

⑴难做的,费力的

eg:Painting the ceiling was a tough job for me.

⑵坚韧的,结实的

eg: I want to buy a tough pair of shoes.

⑶严厉的,强硬的

短语:

be/get tough with sb.对某人采取强硬手段

be tough on sb.严格对待某人

eg:It’s time to get tough with drunk drivers.

有瘾的,上瘾的;对……上瘾的,沉迷于……的

6.addicted

adj

搭配:

…对……上瘾;沉溺于…

be addicted to

eg:To her fans’ shock,she became addicted to drug abuse.

的用法

7.accustomed

adj

⑴习惯的

搭配:

be/get/become accustomed to (doing)sth.习惯于(做)某事

eg:We’ll be accustomed to the climate here.

⑵通常的,惯常的(前置定语)

eg:He took his accustomed seat by the window.

的用法

8.quit

vi

vt&

⑴停止;戒掉

搭配:

quit doing sth.停止做某事

eg:You must quit smoking.

⑵离开;离任;离校;离职

eg:①She got her present job when she quit.

②If I don’t get more money,I’d quit.

区别:quit,stop,pause

⑴quit指离开某人某地;退出某个团体;彻底停止工作、职位等。

⑵stop指停止任何活动或行动,含突然、断然的意味。

⑶pause指暂时、中途停止,然后还会继续进行。

9.effect的用法( affect vt.“影响,感动”)

[C,U]效应;结果,后果;影响,作用

n

搭配:

have/produce an effect on/upon…对……有影响/作用/效果

eg:This had an effect on the future of the child.

⑵vt.使(某事物)发生;产生,引起

eg:They effected great changes in the company.

短语:

come/go into effect开始生效,开始实施

take effect开始实施;生效

put/bring/carry…into effect实行……,实施……

in effect事实上,实际上

with effect有效地

10.neither引导的倒装句

neither,nor,no more位于句首时,主句需用半倒装结构。此时,需借助于be动词、助动词或情态动词。

eg:------I didn’t agree with her.

------Neither did Mary.

另:so“也”,也可用于倒装结构。

结构So+be/助动词/情态动词+主语“……也一样,……也如此”表示以上情况也符合另一方。

So+主语+be/助动词/情态动词“的确如此;确实这样”表示对以上情况的肯定。

eg:①---------Tom is a doctor. ②---------- Tom is a doctor.

---------So is Mary. ----------So he is.

注:当两个不同的句式也符合另外一方情况时,可用So it's with sb./sth.(=It's the same with sb./sth.)“…也一样,…也如此”

10.take sb.off sth.解除(工作、职务等);撤掉(器械等)

take短语:

take back收回,撤回(所说的话);退回;(商店)同意(顾客)退货

take down写下,记下;拆除,拆卸,拆掉

take in收容;收留;理解;领悟;欺骗

take off脱掉(衣服);(飞机)起飞;取消,停演

take on雇佣;聘用;呈现

take out带(某人)出去;拔掉

take over接管;接任;接收

take up开始从事;继续;接下去

11.strengthen的用法( strength n.[单,U]“体力,力气,力量”[C]“优势,优点,长处”)

⑴vt加强,增强

eg:Difficulty strengthens the mind,as labor does the body.

⑵vi变强,变坚固

eg:In the night,the wind strengthened.

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依靠,依赖 依靠,依赖 无轨电车 复习;修订,修改 幸亏;由于 尽心尽力的;艰信的;坚定的 宽恕;仁慈 道歉 unit2 经济(情况);经济体 女发言人 顾问 辩论;争论,讨论 自由发言 流,流动;流畅地进行;流动;连贯十亿 责任,义务,本分 减少,削减,缩减 产量;生产 回收利用 管子,管道 贪婪的,贪心的 (尤指上层)商界人员;企业家 责任,职责 看法;信念 环境的 经营;动手术 赞扬,称赞,认可;信用,信誉;学分数量 原始的,未经加工或处理的 原材料 海味,海鲜 愿意的,乐意的 税,税款 商品,货品

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人教版高一数学《旋转体》导学案

人教版高一数学《旋转体》导学案班级:姓名: 使用日期: 【课堂探究】 一.【素养培育】 知识点一圆柱、圆锥、圆台 (1)以矩形的一边所在的直线为旋转轴,将矩形旋转一周而形成的曲面所围成的几何体称为 . (2)以直角三角形一直角边所在的直线为旋转轴,将直角三角形旋转一周而形成的曲面所围成的几何体称为 . (3)以直角梯形垂直于底边的腰所在的直线为旋转轴,将直角梯形旋转一周而形成的曲面所围成的几何体称为 . 思考1:类比棱台,圆台可以看成用平面截圆锥得到的几何体吗? 知识点二旋转体 用类似上述圆柱、圆锥、圆台的形成方式构成的几何体都是旋转体.其中,旋转轴称为旋转体的轴.在轴上的或它的 )称为旋转体的高.垂直于轴的边旋转而成的圆面称为旋转体的 ,不垂直于轴的边旋转而成的曲面称为旋转体的侧面.而且,无论旋转到什么位置,不垂直于轴的边都称为母线.在旋转体中,通过轴的平面所得到的截面通常称为 . 思考2:圆柱、圆锥、圆台的轴截面都有什么几何特征? 目录11.1.5学案序号 课题旋转体课型新授课课时第 2 课时编写人审核人学科联系人签字 学法指导 1.仔细阅读课本,课前自主完成导学案; 2.限时独立完成,书写规范;课上合作探究,答疑解惑. 课标要求 1.认识圆柱、圆锥、圆台、球等旋转体的结构特征,能运用这些特征描述 现实生活中简单物体的结构. 2.知道球的表面积的计算公式,能用公式解决简单的实际问题. 素养达成 通过学习圆柱、圆锥、圆台、球等旋转体的结构特征和表面积的公式,并 且能在现实生活中运用,体现了直观想象、数学运算等核心素养.

知识点三球 (1)一个半圆绕着它的直径所在的直线旋转一周所形成的曲面称为球面.球面围成的几何体称为球.形成球面的半圆的圆心称为球的球心.连接球面上一点和球心的线段称为球 的 .连接球面上两点且通过球心的线段称为球的 . 球面可以看成空间中到一个定点的距离等于定长的点的 . (2)用一个平面去截一个球,截面是一个圆面(圆及其内部).球面被经过球心的平面截得的圆称为球的大圆.被不经过球心的平面截得的圆称为球的小圆. (3)若半径为R的球的一个截面圆半径为r,球心与截面圆的圆心的距离为d,则有 d=22 ,如图. R r (4)如图,把地球看成一个球时,经线就是球面上从北极到南极的半个大圆,赤道是一个大圆.其余的纬线都是小圆.经度(取值区间为[0°,180°]),纬度(取值区间:[0°,90°]). 知识点四球的结构特征 (1)过球心的截面都是全等的大圆面. (2)球心与截面所截得的圆的圆心的连线垂直于截面. (3)球外接于长方体,长方体的顶点均在球面上,长方体的体对角线长等于球的直径. 二.【素养提升】 题型一圆柱、圆锥、圆台等简单旋转体的结构特征 [例1] 下列说法中不正确的是( ) (A)过圆柱的两条母线的截面是一个矩形 (B)圆锥过轴的截面是一个等腰三角形 (C)直角三角形绕它的一条边所在直线旋转一周形成的曲面围成的几何体是圆锥 (D)圆台平行于底面的截面是圆面 [例2] 直角梯形分别以AB,BC所在直线为轴旋转,试说明所得几何体的形状. 方法技巧: 即时训练1-1:(1)下列几何体是旋转体的是(只填序号).

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