paper B
广东白云学院2009—2010学年第二学期
期末考试《大学英语II》（B卷）
适用专业及方向：电子系、计算机系、
机电系、艺术系
层次：理科年级： 2009级限时： 120 分钟
考试形式：开卷考场要求：笔试
说明：1. 听力部分在考试开始15分钟后开始。
2. 请考生将答案写在答题纸上。写在他处无效。答题纸与试卷分开上交。
一、Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change thr form where necessary.（请将正确答案填写在括号内。每空2分，共20分）
1. Each of us might ( ) the concept of freedom in a slightly different way.
2. It predicts that 300 million people will become ( ) with AIDS in the next ten years and, without treatment, each victim will pass it to 10 to 15 others every year.
3. This story, which tells about a man protecting his wife and children, ( ) how important the family is in Asian culture.
4. The children will now play some pieces of music that they ( ) themselves.
5. The boy is quite interested in ( )behavior of birds.
6. On their own they work well, but in ( ) they’re a disaster.
7. The employee was fired due to his poor ( ) in the past year.
8. Unemployment has come down slightly but this does not ( ) the fact that it is still a major problem.
9. The girl found it difficult to ( ) to the new customs when she first came to Shanghai.
10. Feeling that the directions for the exercise were difficult to understand, the students asked the teacher to ( ) them by explaining them further.
二、Listening Comprehension. In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and
2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will
be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. You must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡上作答。（每空2分，共30分）
11. A. Get some small change. B. Find a shopping center.
C. Cash a check at a bank.
D. Find a parking meter.
12. A. Shopping with his son. B. Buying a gift for a child.
C. Promoting a new product.
D. Bargaining with a salesgirl.
13. A. Taking photographs. B. Enhancing images.
C. Mending cameras.
D. Painting pictures.
14. A. He moved to Baltimore when he was young.
B. He can provide little useful information.
C. He will show the woman around Baltimore.
D. He will ask someone else to help the woman.
15. A. He is rather disappointed. B. He is highly ambitious.
C. He can’t face up to the situation.
D. He knows his own limitations.
16. A. She must have paid a lot for the gym.
B. She is known to have a terrific figure.
C. Her gym exercise has yielded good results.
D. Her effort to keep fit is really praiseworthy.
17. A. Female students are unfit for studying physics.
B. He can serve as the woman’s tutor.
C. Physics is an important course at school.
D. The professor’s suggestion is constructive.
18. A. Indifferent. B. Doubtful.
C. Pleased.
D. Surprised.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. A. He prefers the smaller evening classes.
B. He has signed up for a day course.
C. He has to work during the day.
D. He finds the evening course cheaper.
20. A. Learn a computer language. B. Learn data processing.
C. Buy some computer software.
D. Buy a few coursebooks.
21. A. Thursday evening, from 7:00 to 9:45.
B. From September 1 to New Year’s eve.
C. Every Monday, lasting for 12 weeks.
D. Three hours a week, 45 hours in total.
22. A. What to bring for registration. B. Where to attend the class.
C. How he can get to Frost Hall.
D.Whether he can use a check. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23. A. A training coach. B. A trading adviser.
C. A professional manager.
D. A financial trader.
24. A. He can save on living expenses. B. He considers cooking creative.
C. He can enjoy healthier food.
D. He thinks take-away is tasteless.
25. A. It is something inevitable. B. It is frustrating sometimes.
C. It takes patience to manage.
D. It can be a good thing. 三、Reading Comprehension. Read the passages below and choose one best answer to each question according the passage you read. （共20分）
Passage One
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.（每空2分，共10分）Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was diagnosed in the United States in the late 1970s. Since then, AIDS has killed more than 204,000 Americans — half in the past few years alone. Another 185,000 of the one million infected with the HIV virus are also expected to die.
Nearly half of those diagnosed with the virus are blacks and Latinos. Women and youth in rural Southern communities now constitute the fastest growing segment of people with AIDS.
Despite such alarming numbers, the federal and state governments have been slow in implementing programs to stop the spread of AIDS. In place of government inactivity, a number of local organizations have emerged.
The organizations have developed several techniques useful to other groups doing similar work. While no one way of winning the war against AIDS exists, the network shares these lessons learned in its battle against AIDS:
Speak to your community in a way they can hear. Many communities have a low literacy rate, making impossible passing out AIDS literature and expecting people to read it. To solve this problem, ask people in the community who can draw well to create low-literacy AIDS education publications.
Train teenagers to educate their peers. Because AIDS is spreading fastest among teenagers in the rural South, the stylists have established an "AIDS Busters"; program which trains youth from 8 to 26 to go into the community and teach "AIDS 101" to their peers. They make it simple and explain the risk of catching AIDS to friends their own age much better than an adult can. They also play a vital role in helping parents understand the
types of peer pressure their children experience.
Redefine "at risk"; to include women from different backgrounds and marriage status.One woman's doctor told her she was not at risk for AIDS because she was married and didn't use drugs. Such misinformation plagues the medical establishment. According to the Centers for Disease Control, women will soon make up 80 percent of those diagnosed with HIV.
These lessons are not the only solutions to the crisis but until there is a cure for AIDS, education represents the only safe measure to guard against the virus.
26. About how many people have been killed by AIDS since it was diagnosed in the United States in the late 1970s?
A. About one million.
B. More than 185,000.
C. More than 204,000.
D. Not given.
27. Which group of people constitute the fastest growing segment of people with AIDS?
A. Blacks and Latinos in the South.
B. Women and youth in rural Southern communities.
C. Europeans and most Latin Americans.
D. Africans, Europeans, and Indians.
28. Why local organizations ask people in the community who can draw well to create low-literacy AIDS education publications?
A. Because people are less likely to read books full of words only.
B. Because many people in poor communities can hardly read.
C. Because pictures can make education publications more interesting and vivid.
D. Because these local organizations like to do that.
29. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Federal have taken effective measures to stop the spread of AIDS.
B. Local organizations have played little role in educating people about AIDS.
C. Teanagers in rural places do not know more than adults about AIDS.
D. Youth from 8 to 26 are trained and in fact have done well in AIDS education work.
30. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. How to control the spreading of AIDS.
B. What kind of people are more likely to be infected with AIDS.
C. Why youth in the South make up the fastest growing part of AIDS patients.
D. When was AIDS first diagnosed in the U. S.
Passage Two
Fill in the blanks in the following passage by selecting suitable words from the Word Bank. You may not use any of the words more than once.（每空1分，共10分）
Upon seeing an apple fall while walking, Isaac Newton was struck with an idea. His new concept was that the same force that pulled the apple to the ground guides the moon. This simple story about Newton ( 31 ) what makes a great mind. Great minds like Newton’s just seem to be always open to new ideas. It is almost automatic for them. A bright idea often ( 32 ) to them even when is seems very odd. They understand with ( 33 ) that there is logic to be found even within the most unusual idea. Then they hold onto the idea. They turn it over and over in their mind until that element of logic ( 34 ) itself. This process involves ( 35 ) what you know with what you experience in the world around you. In contrast, many very smart people have ( 36 ) over one great idea throughout their lives. In the end though, they are unable to unlock the ( 37 ) of what is takes to be a genius. What is it that they have omitted in their search? They have simply forgotten to ( 38 ) the new combinations being formed in the unconscious. They have ( 39 ) only their conscious mind without giving time for their unconscious mind to provide the answers. This is ( 40 ) true of those who work too hard. They might be well advised to take a little walk every once in a while.
四、Sentence Structure. Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese into English. （每题2分，共20分）
41. I don’t like (________________) (他教英语的方法).
42. I’ll never forget the city (________________) (我和玛丽在那里度过童年时光).
43. (________________) (尽管他有病), he came to the meeting.
44. Nuclear science should be developed to benefit people (________________) (而不是伤害他们).
45. (________________) (无论这个问题多么令人讨厌), it is the one we must face with.
46. The more books a man reads, (________________) (他了解的知识就越丰富).
47. (________________) (我做什么) is none of your business.
48. This is (________________) (我们学生应该牢记于心的).
49. You should talk to him, (________________) (而不是一味抱怨这件事).
50. The more you talk in English, (________________) (你取得的进步就越大).
五、Translate the following sentences into English. Take notice of the requirement of each question. （每题2分，共10分）
51. 警察放大了失踪女孩的照片，这样他们能容易认出她。(Use “have sth. done”structure)
____________________________________________________________________ 52. 这个城市有20所大学，其中有的是世界知名大学。(使用定语从句翻译)
____________________________________________________________________ 53. 她对那些无辜的受害者充满了同情。(fill with)
____________________________________________________________________ 54. 我们需要学会如何面对现实，而不是逃避现实。(instead of)
____________________________________________________________________ 55. 新来的人发现很难适应这里的气候。（adapt to）
____________________________________________________________________
论文模板fullpapertemplate
Paper Title (use style: paper title) Subtitle as needed (paper subtitle) Authors Name/s per 1st Affiliation (Author) line 1 (of Affiliation): dept. name of organization line 2: name of organization, acronyms acceptable line 3: City, Country line 4: e-mail address if desired Authors Name/s per 2nd Affiliation (Author) line 1 (of Affiliation): dept. name of organization line 2: name of organization, acronyms acceptable line 3: City, Country line 4: e-mail address if desired Abstract—This electronic document is a “live” template. The various components of your paper [title, text, heads, etc.] are already defined on the style sheet, as illustrated by the portions given in this document. (Abstract) Keywords-component; formatting; style; styling; insert (key words) I.I NTRODUCTION (H EADING 1) This template, created in MS Word 2000 and saved as ―Word 97-2000 & 6.0/95 –RTF‖ for the PC, provides authors with most of the formatting specifications needed for preparing electronic versions of their papers. All standard paper components have been specified for three reasons: (1) ease of use when formatting individual papers, (2) automatic compliance to electronic requirements that facilitate the concurrent or later production of electronic products, and (3) conformity of style throughout a conference proceedings. Margins, column widths, line spacing, and type styles are built-in; examples of the type styles are provided throughout this document and are identified in italic type, within parentheses, following the example. Some components, such as multi-leveled equations, graphics, and tables are not prescribed, although the various table text styles are provided. The formatter will need to create these components, incorporating the applicable criteria that follow. II.E ASE OF U SE A.Selecting a Template (Heading 2) First, confirm that you have the correct template for your paper size. This template has been tailored for output on the A4 paper size. If you are using US letter-sized paper, please close this file and download the file for ―MSW US ltr format‖. B.Maintaining the Integrity of the Specifications The template is used to format your paper and style the text. All margins, column widths, line spaces, and text fonts are prescribed; please do not alter them. You may note peculiarities. For example, the head margin in this template measures proportionately more than is customary. This measurement and others are deliberate, using specifications that anticipate your paper as one part of the entire proceedings, and not as an independent document. Please do not revise any of the current designations. III.P REPARE Y OUR P APER B EFORE S TYLING Before you begin to format your paper, first write and save the content as a separate text file. Keep your text and graphic files separate until after the text has been formatted and styled. Do not use hard tabs, and limit use of hard returns to only one return at the end of a paragraph. Do not add any kind of pagination anywhere in the paper. Do not number text heads-the template will do that for you. Finally, complete content and organizational editing before formatting. Please take note of the following items when proofreading spelling and grammar:
英语学术论文常用句型 总结版
英语学术论文常用句型 Beginning 1. In this paper, we focus on the need for 2. This paper proceeds as follow. 3. The structure of the paper is as follows. 4. In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related concepts 5. To begin with we will provide a brief background on the Introduction 1. This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined. 2. Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections. 3. In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations in volving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is p roposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non fuz zy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are considered. Review 1. This review is followed by an introduction. 2. A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented i n Section 2. 3. In the next section, a brief review of the .... is given. 4. In the next section, a short review of ... is given with special regard to ... 5. Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx. 6. Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need f or development of possibility methods. Body 1. Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for its importance. 2. Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLC decision making logic. 3. Section 2 gives the background of the problem which includes xxx 4. Section 2 discusses some problems with and approaches to, natural language un derstanding. 5. Section 2 explains how flexibility which often ... can be expressed in terms of fu zzy time window 6. Section 3 discusses the aspects of fuzzy set theory that are used in the ... 7. Section 3 describes the system itself in a general way, including the ….. and als o discusses how to evaluate system performance. 8. Section 3 describes a new measure of xx. 9. Section 3 demonstrates the use of fuzzy possibility theory in the analysis of xx.
纸张的种类(英文)
岳阳林纸股份有限公司产品标签复印纸 copy paper 环保复印纸 environmental copy paper 全木浆笔记本纸100% wood pulp notebook paper 笔记本纸 notebook paper 环保笔记本纸 environmental notebook paper 全木浆胶版纸 100% wood pulp offset paper 颜料整饰胶版纸 pigment offset paper 环保胶版纸 environmental offset paper 轻型胶版纸 Light weight offset paper 典雅纯质纸Elegant pure quality paper 胶印书刊纸 Offset book paper 颜料整饰胶版纸B pigment offset paper B 环保书刊纸environmental book paper 精制量涂布纸 fine light weight coating paper 低定量铜板纸 light weight art paper 雅光铜板纸 matt coated paper 新闻纸 newsprint paper 超市广告纸 supermarket poster paper 工业淋膜原纸 industrial membrane lamination paper 铸涂原纸 cast coated base paper 热敏原纸 thermal base paper 铜板原纸 art base paper 无碳复写原纸 carbonless copy base paper 格拉辛原纸 glassine base paper 食品包装纸 food packaging paper 高白胶版纸 high white offset paper 数码印刷纸 digital printing paper 数码快印纸 digital fast printing paper 数码轻型纸 digital light paper
论文常用句型[1](1)
如何指出当前研究的不足以及有目的地引导出自己的研究的重要性通常在叙述了前人成果之后，用However来引导不足，比如However, little information.. little attention... little work... little data little research or few studies few investigations... few researchers... few attempts... or no none of these studies has (have) been less done on ... focused on attempted to conducted investigated studied (with respect to) Previous research (studies, records) has (have) failed to consider ignored misinterpreted neglected to overestimated, underestimated misleaded thus, these previus results are inconclisive, misleading, unsatisfactory, questionable, controversial.. Uncertainties (discrepancies) still exist ... 这种引导一般提出一种新方法，或者一种新方向。如果研究的方法以及方向和前人一样，可以通过下面的方式强调自己工作的作用：However, data is still scarce rare less accurate there is still dearth of We need to aim to have to provide more documents
paper的用法和短语例句
paper的用法和短语例句 paper有纸;文件;报纸;论文;票据等意思，那么你知道paper的用法吗?下面跟着小编一起来学习一下，希望对大家的学习有所帮助! paper的用法： paper的用法1：paper的基本意思是纸,通常用作物质名词,不可数。如表示可数性,则须借助于单位词。一小张纸是a piece of paper; 一大张标准尺寸的纸是a sheet of paper。paper作写过字的纸解时,是可数名词,有复数形式。 paper的用法2：paper也可作报纸文件证件试卷论文等解,可用复数形式。 paper的用法3：paper的基本意思是用纸贴或用纸覆盖,引申可表示隐瞒,掩饰。 paper的用法4：用作及物动词,后接名词或代词作宾语。 paper的常用短语： 用作名词(n.) on paper 用作动词(v.) paper over (v.+prep.) paper的用法例句： 1. He wiped away the blood with a paper napkin. 他用纸巾将血迹擦去。
2. Under the newspaper, atop a sheet of paper, lay an envelope. 在报纸下面的一张纸上放着一个信封。 3. Stein rolled up the paper bag with the money inside. 斯坦把装了钱的纸袋卷了起来。 4. Randall would just now be getting the Sunday paper. 兰德尔这个时候应该正在拿周日的报纸。 5. Theres always tons of scrap paper in Dads office. 爸爸的办公室里总有大量的废纸。 6. She tore off two sections of paper towel and folded them lengthwise. 她撕下两格纸巾，然后纵向对折。 7. The paper is openly critical of the strong-arm president. 该报纸对这位铁腕总统进行公开的批评。 8. A crumpled scrap of paper was found in her handbag. 在她的手提包里发现了一张皱巴巴的小纸片。 9. The new copiers only copy onto one side of the paper. 新复印机只能单面复印。 10. I used to edit the college paper in the old days. 以前我曾经做过大学校报的主编。 11. The papersprice rise will encourage readers to desert in even greater numbers.
Paper 格式要求
强大且简练的英文论文格式！ —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————来自撒撒的迷妹分享 一、论文的题目要求 1、论文题目以最恰当、最简明的词语反映论文中最重要的特定内容的逻辑组合，并有助于选定关键词和编制目录 2、论文题目不能用缩略词、首字母缩略词、字符、代号和公式等 3、论文题目一般不超过20个字 4、论文题目语义未尽可用副标题补充说明 二、论文摘要的要求 应具有独立性和自含性，是一篇完整的短文，它说明论文的主要思想、结构框架，或研究工作的目的、实验方法、结果和最终结论 三、论文的关键词 每篇论文必须选中3--5个中、英文关键词，以显著的字符另起一行，排在其对应摘要的左下方，中文关键词尽可能用《汉语主题词表》等词表提到的规范词 四、论文的字体及字号格式 1、英文统一使用Microsoft Word软件中的Times New Roman字体，所用中文使用“宋体”字体 2、内封大标题使用“粗体三号字”，内封其他信息使用“粗体四号字” 3、正文大标题使用“粗体小三号字”，章节标题使用“粗体四号字” 4、正文使用字体为Times New Roma，大小为12 font（也就是小四）“小四号字”，正文中成段的引文使用“五号字” 5、行距为1.5 或2倍行距，段与段之间需要空一行 6、对齐方式为左对齐或者两侧对齐（总之，左起必须顶格） 7、Reference（参考文献）必须另起一页，且不计入文章字数 注意：写论文中最好都别写简写啦！就像雅思考试哦筒子们！！还有我加红色的地方，是我总会忘记的emmmmmm常识啊！！！！
英文翻译WorldwidePaperCompany
Worldwide Paper Company 案例分析：国际纸业公司 (WPC) Blue Ridge Mill is the subordinate factory of Worldwide Paper Company. In December 2006, Bob Prescott, the controller for the Blue Ridge Mill, was consideringthe addition of a new on-site Longwood wood yard. The addition would have two primarybenefits: to eliminate the need to purchase short wood from an outside supplier and create theopportunity to sell short wood on the open market as a new market forWorldwide PaperCompany.Now the new wood yard would allow the Blue Ridge Mill not only to reduceits operating costs but also to increase its revenue. The proposed wood yard utilized newtechnology that allowed tree length logs, called long wood, to be processed directly, whereas thecurrent process required short wood, which had to be purchased from another mill. Thisnearby mill, owned by a competitor, had excess capacity that allowed it to produce more shortwood than it needed for its own pulp production. The excess was sold to several different mills,including the Blue Ridge Mill. Thus adding the new long wood equipment would mean that Prescott would no longer need to use the Shenandoah Mill as a short wood supplier and that theBlue Ridge Mill would instead compete with the Shenandoah Mill by selling on the short woodmarket.The question for Prescott was whether these expected benefits were enough to justifythe $18 million capital outlay plus the incremental investments in working capital over the sixyear life of the investment. Construction would start within a few months, and the investment outlay would be spentover two calendar years: $16 million in 2007 and the remaining $2 million in 2008. When thenew wood yard began operating in 2008, it would significantly reduce the operating costs of themill. These operating saving would come mostly from the differencethe cost of producingshort wood on-site versus buying it on the open market and were estimated to be $2.0 million for2008 and $3.5 million per year thereafter.Prescott also planned on taking advantage of the excess production capacity afforded bythe new facility by selling short wood on the open market as soon as possible. For 2008, heexpected to show revenues of approximately $4 million, as the facility came on line and began tobread into the new market. He expected short wood sales to reach $10 million in 2009 andcontinue as the $10 million level through 2013. Prescott estimated that the cost of goods sold(before including depreciation expenses) would be 75% of revenues, and SG&Awould be 5% ofrevenues. In addition to the capital outlay of $18 million, the increased revenue would necessitatehigher levels of inventories and accounts receivable. The total working capital would average10% of annual revenues. Therefore the amount of working capital investment each year wouldequal 10% of incremental sales of the year. At the end of the life of the equipment, in 2013, allthe net working capital on the books would be recoverable at cost, whereas only 10% or $1.8million (before taxes) of the capital investment would be recoverable. Taxes would be paid at 40% rate, and depreciation was calculated on a straight-line basisover the six-year life, with zero salvage. WPC accountants had told Prescott that depreciationcharges could not begin until 2008, when all the $1.8 million had been spent, and the machinerywas in
发表论文格式paper format
论文要求与格式 ◆按国际惯例，提交论文摘要时，每人限第一作者一篇。 ◆除特邀代表外，其他代表提交的论文要求须是未公开发表过的非综述性文章。 ◆论文须用A4纸，激光打印。每篇论文含图、表在内最多不应超过6页。国内作者须同 时提交中文稿。另请提交论文稿件的WORD文档软盘，或以E-mail附件的形式发至： HE2003@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d513888345.html, ◆论文格式： 论文题目—作者姓名—作者单位、地址和邮政编码—摘要—正文—致谢—参考文献 ◆具体格式要求： 1. 全文单倍行距，两端对齐。 2. 摘要、关键词、致谢、参考文献及一级、二级标题首行无缩进。 3. 正文首行缩进2字符。 4. 全文字体均用Times New Roman，字体、字号如下： —题目: 黑体，14 p —作者姓名: 黑体，10 p ，居中 中文姓名翻译格式为（例如）：“张家强”→“Jiaqiang Zhang” —地址：白体，斜体，9 p —摘要：“Abstract”：黑体, 9 p 内容：白体，9 p —关键词: “keywords”：黑体, 9 p 内容：白体，9 p —一级标题：黑体，12 p，编号为“1，2，3，……” —二级标题：黑体，10.5 p，编号为“1.1，1.2，…；2.1，2.2，…；……” —正文：白体，10.5 p —致谢：“Acknowledgements”：黑体, 10 p ，致谢内容：白体，10 p 。例如： Acknowledgements：The authors gratefully acknowledge …… —参考文献：“References”：黑体, 9 p ，参考文献内容：白体，8 p，编号为1. 2. 3. ……。例如：References 1．Mu shuqin, et al.. The groundwater trends in the decade of Changchun city in Jilin province, Beijing: Science Publisher. 1992 （图书格式） 2. O’Hannesin S.F. and Gillham R.W. Long-term performan ce of an in situ “iron wall” for remediation of VOCs. Groungwater, 36(1):164～170. 1998（期刊格式） 3. McRae C.W.T., Blowes D.W., Ptacek C. J. Laboratory-scale investigation of remediation of As and Se using iron oxides. Proc. Sixth Symposium and Exhibition on Groundwater and Soil Remediation, March 18～21, Montreal, QC. 167～168. 1997（论文集格式）—图题：白体，8 p —表题：黑体，8 p —公式：10.5 p —比号：2∶3
SCI写作句型
SCI写作方法（一） 1. Introduction： 1.1. 如何指出当前研究的不足并有目的地引导出自己研究的重要性 1.1.1.在叙述前人成果之后，用However来引导不足，提出一种新方法或新方向。 如：However, ①little information (little attention/little work/little data/little research……)has been done on/focused on/attempted to conducted/investigated/studied。 ②few studies (few investigations/few researchers/few attempts……) have been done on/focused on/attempted to conducted/investigated/studied。 ③no/none of these studies has been done on/focused on/attempted to conducted/investigated/studied)。 ④no/none of these studies has been with respect to 如：Previous research (studies, records) has (have) failed to consider/ ignored/ misinterpreted/ neglected to/overestimated/underestimated/misled. Thus, these previous results are inconclusive/misleading/unsatisfactory/questionable/ controversial. Uncertainties (discrepancies) still exist…… 1.1. 2. 研究方法和方向与前人一样时，可通过以下方式强调自己工作 However, data is still scarce (rare, less accurate) or there is still dearth of…… We need to (aim to, have to) provide more documents (data, records, studies, increase the dataset). Further studies are still necessary (essential)…… 强调自己研究的重要性，一般还要在However之前介绍与自己研究问题相反或相关的问题。比如：(1)时间问题；(2)研究手段问题；(3)研究区域问题；(4)不确定性；(5)提出自己的假设来验证。 如果你研究的问题在时间上比较新，你可大量提及时间较老问题的研究及重要性，然后(However)表明“对时间尺度比较新的问题研究不足”； 如果你的是一种新的研究手段或研究方向，你可提出当前流行的方法及其物质性质，然后(However)说对你所研究的方向方法研究甚少； 如果研究涉及区域问题，就先总结相邻区域或其它区域的研究，然后(However)强调这一区域的研究不足； 虽然前人对某一问题研究很多，但目前有两种或更多种观点，这种uncertanties或ambiguities值得进一步澄清；
format of a research paper introduction论文的标准格式
Writing a Research Paper Introduction – A step-by-step reference The introduction is the first chapter of a research paper. It starts from the research proposal stage, but it is critical to understand the difference between the introduction of a research proposal and that of a research paper. At the proposal stage, the introduction is presented in a future tense expressing the intensions and expectations of the researcher, whereas that of the research paper is in the past tense, revealing what actually happened. A research paper Introduction plays an essential role of preparing the reader’s mind to follow the paper as it unveils the problem, the researcher’s intervention, intentions and expectations. Sections of a research paper introduction The introduction constituents and sequence m ajorly depend on the type of research and format undertaken. ?Background: Reveals an identified and well defined problem, exploring its history and nature with reference to the existing literature. It should indicate the root of the problem, its extent, the affected, previous investigations, etc.; highlighting the research paper introduction in general, and ensuring proper perception of the situation at hand. ?Statement of the problem: Is the core of the issue/problem and must be clearly defined. It states exactly what the problem is, justifying that the study narrows or bridges the gap between what it is and what it ought to be. ?Purpose of the study: Is derived from the statem ent of the problem. It states why one decides to study the problem and the role of his/her research to solve the problem. ?Objectives of the study: These constitute the targets a researcher intends to achieve. They act as a yardstick for the research exercise and must be specific, m easurable and achievable. ?Research questions: These are research guiding questions generated from objectives. The researcher needs to answer them as part of the investigation. ?Hypotheses: These are guiding predictions of the outcom e of the study. Basing on research questions, an assumption derived form existing theories,
paper形容词和副词
形容词和副词 巡场中学梁艳 一形容词：用以修饰名词，表示事物特征的词e.g. long, empty, cheap, hungry, etc. 1作定语 e.g. He is a good student. 当形容词修饰由some-,any-,no-,every-构成的不定代词时,形容词要放在这些不定代词的之后. e.g. I have something important to tell you. 2 作表语 e.g. That sounds good. 常见系动词be look, smell, taste, sound, feel become, get, turn keep ,stay 3 作宾语补足语 形容词紧跟在宾语后，常接宾语补足语的词有make, keep, find． e.g. We must keep the classroom clean. 难点链接 a.某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry e.g. The old are taken good care of in our country. b.有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。如：the English，the French，the Chinese. e.g. The English like tea very much. 英国人很喜欢喝茶 c.貌似副词的形容friendly友好的，lovely可爱的，lonely独自的，lively生动的 e.g. Miss Wang is always friendly to us.王老师总是对我们很友好 二：副词的用法
纸张中英文对照表
纸张中英文对照表 Company number：【WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998】
2.印刷品中英文对照calendar台历：desk calendar挂历：wall calendar精装书：Case bound,hard bound,cloth bound,hardback,hardcover book小册子：brochure纸相架：Paper frame纸板书：Board book纸匣：paper tray螺旋簿：spiral book合订本：bound book 书芯纸印的封面。小册子的所有纸张(包括封面)采用同一类或相同克重的纸张，称为简装本(self-cover brochure) 翻页书：flipbook 3.纸张中英文对照 铜版纸,又称涂布印刷纸：Coated Art Paper(or Board),Coated Woodfree；Art paper；Art printing pape；Copper printing paper 双铜纸：both sides coated art paper 亚粉纸：dull finished art paper,matt art paper 双胶纸wood free paper,Light Weight Coated Paper，white offset,offset paper 白板纸：SBS Paperboard(Solid Bleached Sulfate),white board(WLC) 灰底白板：duplex paper 白底白板：triplex paper 牛皮纸：kraft paper 卡片纸：card paper 纸板：paperboard 再生纸：recycled paper 瓦楞纸：corrugated paper 白卡纸：white card，ivory board 蒙肯纸：munkenpaper 不干胶纸：sticker 画刊纸Wood-free Hi-smooth Bit-coated Paper 厚纸板：cardboard 书籍扉页用纸：book end paper 本色牛皮纸：unbleached kraft(UUK) 可再生纸：recycled board(URB) 全息纸：holographic paper 4.常见工艺中英文对照过UV：local UV oil coating,UV varnish 局部UV：Spot UV-coating 上光油：gloss varnish 上哑油：matt varnish 烫金：hot stamping,bronzing 覆膜：membrane，laminating，metallic laminating过哑胶matt PP lamination，matte lamination 过光胶：gloss lamination 使凸出，击凸：emboss 印金：bronze printing 热收缩：shrink wrap 塑封：plastic package 骑马订：