语法复习十七：连词

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语法复习十七：连词

语法复习十七：

连词连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。

并列连词是连接主语与主语，谓语与谓语，句子与句子，分词与分词的词，它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用；而从属连词一般连接主句与从句，从句形式有名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句等。

（一）并列连词：

并列连词可用来连接词与词，词组与词组，分句与分句。

常用的并列连词有：

and（和），as well as（既又）， both and（不但而且）， not only but also（不但而且）， not but（不是而是）， neither nor （既不也不）， either or（不是就是）， or（或者）， but （但是），yet（然而）， for（因为）， so（所以）， while（而）， when（这时）等。

如：

Both my brother and my sister are teachers./ His room is bright but mine is gloomy（暗沉沉的） ./ He can not only repair radios but also fix them./ It is a glorious（光荣的） yet difficult task./ Strike while iron is hot. （二）从属连词从属连词是指在复合句中引导从句的连结词。

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常见的从属连词有：

引导时间状语从句的：

after, before, when, as, while, since, until, till, as soon as 引导原因状语从句的：

because, since, as 引导让步状语从句的：

although, though, no matter（无论） , even if (though) 引导条件状语从句的：

if, unless, once, so (as) long as 引导结果状语从句的： so that , such that 引导目的状语从句的：

so that , in order that 引导比较状语从句的：

as as , not so (as) as , than 引导方式状语从句的： as if 引导主语，宾语或表语从句的连词主要有：

that, whether, if三个。

其中 that 和 whether 间或还可以引起同位从句和状语从句。

（三）某些用法比较特殊的从属连词用法区别 1、当 while, when, as 引导时间状语从句时的区别：

①while 引导的状语从句中动词必须是持续性。

谓语动词多为进行时，或状态动词的一般时。

while 的这些用法可用 when 代替，等于 at the time that, during the time that。

例如：

Please keep quiet while (when) others are studying；② when

---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 除可指一段时间外，还可用来指一点时间，等于 at the time，也就是说when 引出的时间状语从句中的谓语动词可以是终止性的，也可以延续性的。

因此主句和从句的谓语可以是一般时，进行时，或完成时。

例如：

When I went into the lab, the teacher was doing an experiment. （when 不能换成 while）He often makes mistakes when he is speaking English. （when可换成 while）③as 常可与 when，while 通用，但强调一边、一边。

例如：

As (when, while) I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of number 37. ④when 引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致，主、谓是主语+系动词结构时，这时主语和系动词可以省略。

例如：

When (he was) young, he worked for a rich man./ Shell be here to give you help when (if it is) necessary. ⑤when 有时代替 if，引导条件句，意为如果、假如，例如：

Ill come when (if) Im free. 2、 before 作连词一般表示时间，意为在之前，但有些句子中这样译就显得别扭。

试看以下句子的翻译：

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He almost knocked me down before he saw me.他几乎把我撞倒才看见我；Before I could get in a word he had measured me.我还没来得及插话，他已经给我量好了尺寸。

3、 till, until 作为介词式从属连词引导时间状语短语或状语从句，用于否定句时，结构为not until (till)，主句谓语动词延续与非延续皆可，意为直到才。

用于肯定句时，只与延续性动词连用，表示到为止。

例如：

They played volleyball until (till) it got dark./ They didnt talk（延续性动词） until (till) the interpreter（译员）came./ He didnt go to bed（非延续性动词） until (till) the his father came back.； until 可以放在句首， till 则不行，例如： Until the last minute of the match we kept on playing./ Not until he finished his work did he go home. （倒装）； till, until 只用于时间，以下句子是错误的：

We walked till the edge of the forest. （要用 as far as 或to）。

4、 because, since, as 引导原因状语时注意使用上的区别：

①如果原因构成句子的最主要部分,一般用 because ,因此because 引导的从句往往放在句末。

用 why 提问的句子，一定用because 回答。

例如：

---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill.；②如原因已为人们所知，或不如句子的其他部分重要，就用 as，或since。

since 比 as 更正式些。

as 和 since 引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。

例如：

As you are tired, you had better rest./ Since everyone is here, now lets begin. 5、 although 和 though 引导让步状语从句往往用法一样，但注意以下区别：

①although用于各种文体，而 though 则多用于非正式的口语或书面语中。

注意由 although, though 引导的从句后，主句不能用 but，但可用副词 yet, still。

例如：

Although/ Though it rained all the morning, they still went on working.（或 yet they went on working）②though 常与 even 连用， even though表示强调，意为即使，但不能说 even although，例如：

Even though I didnt understand a word, I dept smiling.

③though 可用作副词，意为然而，常用逗号与句子分开。

although 则不能这样使用，它只作连词。

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例如：

It was a quiet party, I had a good time, though. 6、 once 作副词译曾经，作为连词译一旦，引导条件状语从句。

相当于 if的加强形式。

例如：

I dont believe he was once a thief. (once 这里是副词)/ Once Aristotle had made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects, he taught it as a truth to his students. (once 连词) 7、 unless 引导条件状语从句等于 if not 。

例如：

Hell accept the job unless the salary is too low. ( = Hell accept the job if the salary is not too low.) 8、在用 as if 引导的方式状语从句及表语从句中，根据情况要使用虚拟语气。

例如：

He talks as if he knew all about it. 但有时也可用直陈语气。

例如：

It looks as if it is going to rain. 9、 whether, if 引导从句的用法区别：

①引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时，用whether，不用 if。

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Whether they will go to the Great Wall is not known./ The question is whether we can finish the task on time./ The question whether we will take part in the physics contest has not been de cided. ②whether 可接不定式，而 if则不可。

例如：

I havent decided whether to leave or not. ③whether 可作介词的宾语或置于句首表示强调，而 if则不可。

例如：

Everything depends on whether we have enough money./ Whether he will come, I am not sure. ④whether 和 if均可引导宾语从句， whether 引导的宾语从句一般都是肯定句， if引导的宾语从句可以是肯定的，也可以是否定的（此时不能用 whether），例如：

Could you tell us whether/ if it rains in winter in Australia?/ I wonder if it doesnt rain. ⑤引导宾语从句的whether 和 if常可与 or not 连用。

连用时要注意 or not 的位置，它一般与 whether、 if分开使用，有时它可与 whether 合起来使用，但不能与 if合起来使用。

例如：

I dont know whether/ if they will come or not./ I dont know

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whether or not they will come. ⑥if可用来引导条件状语从句，

译如果， whether 则不行。

例如：

If you work hard, you are sure to succeed. 10、 as 作从

属连词可引导多种状语从句。

①as 引导时间状语从句，意为当时。

例如：

As (he was) a young man, he was a storekeeper and later a postmaster./ He sang as he worked. ②as 引导方式状语从句，意

为象一样。

例如：

We must do as the Party teaches us. ③as 引导原因状语从

句。

意为由于，例如：

As you are tired, you had better r est. ④as 引导让步状语

从句。

意为虽然、尽管Child as he is, he can do it well. ( = Although he is a child, he can do it well.) 另外， as 做为关

系代词还可以引导定语从句，如：

I have the same book as you. 练习、连词 1 .He is very

old,____ he still works very hard. A. but B.if C.when D.as 2. ____ you are dismissed. A. Neither you

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go nor B. Either you go or C. Whether you go or D. Both

you go and 3. They had camped once before, ____ they knew what

to take. A. because B. now C. so D.

since 4. Why these things happened was ____ the driver had been

careless. A. because of B. owing to C. due to D.

that 5. Although, it’s raining, ____are still working in the

fields. A. they B. but they C. and they D. so

they 6.___we have satisfied you, you have no grounds of complaint. A. So B. Since that C. Now that

D. By now. 7. Write clearly ____ your teacher can understand .you correctly. A. since B. for C. because D. so that 8.You’ll miss t he train ____ you hurry

up. A. unless B. as C. if D. until 9. Francis did

the task____ his brother. A. as good as B. as better as C.

as well as D. as best as 10.The size of the audience,____ we

had expected, was well over twenty thousand. A. as B.

what C. that D. whom 11.I thought he hated the

TV .You are right,____ he still watches the program. A. yet B. besides C. also D. then 12. It looks ____

it’s going to rain. A. that B. as C. as if D.

like that 13.____ to New York, her father has not heard from

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her. A. Because she went B. After she went C. When she went

D. Since she went 14.___he daydreamed, Peter saw figures in the

sky. A. Until B. Since C. While D. During 15. We arrived

at the station ____ the train had left. A. after B. before

C. since

D. when 16.____ he was in poor health, he worked just

as hard as everyone else. A. But B. Although C.

Even if D. If 17. Give me one more minute ____ I’ll have

finished. A. so B. until C. and D. when 18. The worker

hunted for jobs in New York for months,____ he could not find

any work. A. and B. yet C. or D. and but 19. Hurry up, ____ you’ll be late. A. or B.

and C. so D. yet 20. Do not make the same

mistake ____ I did. A. so B. as C. like D.

that 21. My sister is expecting me,____ I must be off now. A.

however B. or C. so D. otherwise 22. We should pay

attention ____ to industry ____ to agriculture. A. either, or

B. neither, nor

C. not, but

D. both, and 23. He ran

off____ I could stop him. A. before B. after C.

since D. when 24.____ you told me, I had heard nothing of

what happened. A. Till B. Until C. After D. Since 25.

Where have you been ____ you left home? A. before B. as

C. since

D. when 26.____ the problem of method is solved,

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talking about the task is useless. A. Until B. Since C.

After D. Unless 27. We have produced 15% more cotton this

year____ we did last year. A. as B. than C. like D. white 28.It is late; ____, I’m too

tired to go out. A. besides B. except C. except for D.

except that 29. Everything around us is ____ solid ..liquid ____

gas. A. not .. .but... B. either.. .or... C.

neither.. .nor... D. whether.. .or... 30. He will come ____

you ask him. A. whether B. unless C. if D. while

31.____ he will come or not is still unknown. A. If B. Where

C. That

D. Whether 32.I don’ t know ____ to stay at home

or go out. A. whether B. if C. how D. where 33.

He spoke loudly ____ the audience could hear him clearly. A.

so B. that C. so that D.

in order to 34. The book is not easy.____ it’s rather difficult.

A. On the one hand

B. On the contrary

C. On the other

hand D. On the other contrary 35. You must work

hard,____ you will not learn English well. A. if B.

whether C. otherwise D. unless 36. It rained

heavily,____ the basketball match had to be put off. A. so that

B. when

C. otherwise

D. therefore 37. We

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must do ____ the people want us to do.. A. whatever B. however C. wherever D. whenever 38. You are certainly right,____ others may say. A. what B. whatever C.

that D. as 39.____ makes mistakes must correct them. A. Who

B. What

C. Whoever

D. Whatever 40.Ill discuss it with you

____ you like to come. A. when B. where C. whoever D. whenever 41.____ you work, you must always serve

the people heart and soul. A. Wherever B. Whenever C. Where D. When 42.___you understand this rule, you

will have no further difficulty. A. Once B. At

once C. Only D. Only then 43.___

difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month. A. No

matter how B. No matter what C. No matter when D. No

matter where 44. We can surely overcome these difficulties

_,___ we are closely united. A. so far as B. so long

as C. as soon as D. as well as 45.___ I know he

will stay here for half a year. A. as soon as B. as long

as C. so far as D. as well as 46. Please

write me ____ you arrive in New York. A. as well as B. so

long as C. as far as D. as soon as 47. That

is not ____ I want. A. that B. why C. what D.

whose 48. ___ he did it remains a secret. A. What B. Whom

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C. Which

D. How 49. It is quite clear ____ he won’t see

us. A. what B. that C. why D. how 50. Would

you tell me ____ way I should take? A. what B. that

C. which

D. whose 51. I am sure ____ you said is true. A.

what B. that C. which D. who 52. The trouble is

____ we can not find such an expert. A. why B. that C. where D. / 53. It has not been decided ____ they

will leave. A. why B. when C. which D. what 54. We shall go ____ you are ready. A. while B.

as soon as C. as D. since 55. He will tell you about

it ____ you get there. A. while B. as C. when

D. / 56. Don’t try to get off the bus ____ it has stopped. A.

while B. as C. since D. before 57. I’ll come and see you _____ I go to the countryside. A. while B. when . C. as

soon as D. before 58. ___ he came to study in the

university, he has made much progress in the study of English.

A. While

B. When

C. Since

D. After 59. Things have changed a lot ____ I wrote to you last

time. A. when B. since C. as D. before 60. I can’t use your pen, ___ there is no ink in it.

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A. for

B. when

C. if

D. whether 61. I’d like to go

swimming ____ the water is not too cold. A. for B.

unless C. if D. whether 62.

Difficulties are nothing ___ we are not afraid of them. A. for B. as C. if D. whether 63. The

doctor will not perform the operation ___ it is absolutely necessary. A. when B. if C. for D. unless 64. Go back ___ you came from. A. until B.

where C. which D. when 65. He lay ___ the grass

was the thickest. A. where B. when C. that D.

after 66. You will find friendly people ___ you go in China.

A. where

B. and

C. wherever

D. so 67. ___ it was already dark, they went on working in the

fields. A. If B. Whether C. But D. Though 68. ___ he has finished writing the novel is unknown.

A. If

B. Whether

C. When

D. While 69. We’ll

go and see the patient ___we are busy. A. even if B.

for C. if D. while 70. The museum is ___ far

____ it will take us half an hour to get there by bus. A. such...

that B. as...as C. so...that D. so

as 连词 1~5 ABCDA 6~10 CDACA 11~15 ACDBA 16~20 BCBAB 21~25

CDABC 26~30 BBABC 31~35 DACBC 36~40 AABCD 41~45 AAABC 46~50

---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ DCDBC 51~55 ABBBC 56~60 DDCBA 61~65 CCDBA 66~70 CDBAC

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高考英语语法复习连词讲解练习题及答案

高考英语语法复习连词讲解练习题及答案 Last revised by LE LE in 2021

语法：连词 Link words 连词是虚词，不能在句中单独担任成分，只起连接作用。按其用法，连词可分为两大类：并列连词(Coordinate Conjunctions)和从属连词(Subordinate Conjunctions)。 一．并列连词：连接具有并列关 系的词、短语或句子。 1. 并列关系：and, not only…but also…, both…and…, neither…nor… I used to live in Paris and London. Both Jane and Jim are interested in fishing. The weather here is neither too cold nor too hot. She is not only kind but also honest. 2. 转折关系：but, yet, while(然而), when(然而，偏偏) The car is very old but it runs very fast. The problem was a little hard, yet I was able to work it out. The winter in Beijing is very cold while that of Kunming is warm. Why did you borrow the book when you had one 3. 选择关系：or, not…but…, either…or…, Would you like to live or would you like to stay He is not a teacher but a writer. You can come either on Saturday or on Sunday. 4. 因果关系：for It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet now. The leaves of the trees are falling, for it’s already autumn. 5. 区别（1）and和or 1) 并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。 2) 但有时and 也可用于否定句。 请注意其不同特点： There is no air or water in the moon. There is no air and no water on the moon. 在否定中并列结构用or 连接，但含有 两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用and。 典型例题 ---I don’t like chicken ___ fish. ---I don’t like chicken, ___ I like fish very much. A. and； and B. and； but C. or； but D. or；and 答案C。否定句中表并列用or, but 表转折。 判断改错： (错) We will die without air and water. (错) We can’t live without air or water. (对) We will die without air or water. (对) We can’t live without air and water. (2) 表示选择的并列结构 1) or 意思为"否则"。 I must work hard, or I’ll fail in the exam. 2) either…or 意思为"或者……或者……"。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。 Either you or I am right. (3) 表示转折或对比 1) but表示转折，while表示对比。 Some people love cats, while others hate them. 典型例题 --- Would you like to come to dinner tonight --- I’d like to, ___ I’m too busy.

初中英语语法大全——名词

初中英语语法大全——名词 一、名词概述 1.名词的定义 名词是表示人、事物、地点、现象及其他抽象概念等名称的词。英语中的名词有可数名词和不可数名词之分；有其所有格形式；在句子中通常做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语等。 2.名词的分类 名词分为专有名词和普通名词两类。普通名词又分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。个体名词与集体名词多数是可数名词，而物质名词与抽象名词多数是不可数名词。

二、名词的数 名词按照其可数性可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是指可以直接计算数目的名词。个体名词和集体名词多数是可数名词；不可数名词是指无法直接用数目计算的词。物质名词和抽象名词多数是不可数名词。 1.可数名词的数 在英语中，可以直接用数字进行计算的名词是可数名词，不能直接用数字进行计算的名词是不可数名词。通常个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，视为可数名词;物质名词和抽象名词往往指泛指的物质或者抽象的概念，不能用具体的数字来表示，视为不可数名词。专有名词往往只指一个人或物，因此没有必要再用具体的数字来修饰，一般也视为不可数名词。

eg: I was having dinner at a restaurant. eg: The two children are playing table tennis in the school. eg: Mr.Black gave us some advice on how to learn English well. eg: Paris is the capital of France. ①规则复数变化形式 可数名词在表示两个或两个以上的概念时需要用复数形式。可数名词单数形式变成复数形式的一般规则如下表:

初中英语语法之连词练习题

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初中英语语法名词篇

初中中考英语语法 （名词篇） 语法总述： 名词篇： 名词的种类：英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类： 1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。 专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。如：Jilin, Tom, China, (1)零冠词，如Yale University,Beijing Railway Station,是由专有名词+普通名词组成，往往为并列关系。 (2)定冠词，如the United States，the Great Wall,由形容词+普通名词组成。 (3) 姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。 2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。 普通名词又可进一步分为四类 1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。 house 马car 汽车room 房间apple 苹果fun 风扇picture 照片 2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。 people 人们 family 家庭 army 军队government 政府 group 集团 3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。 fire 火 steel 钢air 空气water 水milk 牛奶 4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。

labour 劳动health 健康life 生活friendship友情patience耐力 3. 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如： box, child, orange； 不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：water, news, oil, population, information . 4、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 1. 规则名词的复数形式：

英语语法连词

连词的定义： 连词是连接字、短语、从句与句子的词，是虚词，因此它不能独立担任句子成分。连词主要分为两大类：并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、词组或分句。它包括：and，or，but，so，for，both…and，either…or，neither…nor，not only…but also。 从属连词用来引导从句，它包括：that，when，till，until，after，before，since，because，if，whether，though，although，so…that，so that，in order that，as soon as 并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有： (1)表并列关系的and, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor等。 (2)表选择关系的or, either…or等。 (3)表转折关系的but, while等。 (4)表因果关系的for, so等。 1并列连词 1 and：和，并且 I like basketball，football and table-tennis. 我喜欢篮球、足球和乒乓球。 1.基本用法 and表示“和”、“而且”的意思，用来连接对等关系的字和字，片语与片语，句子与句子。He got up and put on his hat. 他站起来，戴上了帽子。 I went to the Summer Palace and he went to Bei Hai Park. 我去颐和园，他去北海公园。 注意 单词或词组如果是三个以上连接，一般在最后的单词或词组前加and。另外“and”在译成中文时不一定要翻译出“和”来。 2.特别用法：and在祈使句中的作用 句型：祈使句，and…=If you…，you'll… Use your head，and you'll find a way. 动动脑筋，你就会想出办法来。 =If you use your head，you'll find a way. 如果你动动脑子，你就会想出办法。 Hurry up，and you'll catch the bus. 快点，你就会赶上公共汽车。 =If you hurry up，you'll catch the bus. 如果你快点，你就会赶上公共汽车。 2 or：或，或者，否则 Is Li Ming from Beijing or from Shanghai. 李明是北京人还是上海人呢？ 1.基本用法 or表示“～或”的意思，使用于两者之中选择一个的时候。 Would you like coffee or tea？ 你喜欢咖啡还是茶？ Tom or I am right.我或者汤姆是对的。 Li Ming or his classmates are cleaning the room. 李明或者是他的同班同学在打扫房间。

英语语法练习题大全

英语语法习题 目录 第一讲主谓一致 第二讲名词 第三讲代词 第四讲动词分类 第五讲动词时态 第六讲被动语态 第七讲虚拟语气 第八讲助动词 第九讲不定式 第十讲 V-ing形式 第十一讲 V-ed形式 第十二讲形容词／副词 第十三讲介词 第十四讲连词 第十五讲 It的用法 第十六讲定语从句 第十七讲名词性从句 第十八讲状语从句 第十九讲倒装句 第一讲主谓一致 I.学习重点 从句或非谓语动词作主语时的主谓一致 表示数量的名词词组作主语时的主谓一致 由连接词连接的主语与谓语的一致 集体名词作主语时的主谓一致 “主语+with/as well as 等短语”的主谓一致 Ⅱ．重点讲解 主语和谓语的一致主要指谓语动词必须和作主语的名词或人称代词在人称和数上保持一致。处理主谓一致关系主要遵循以下3条原则。①语法一致原则，即谓语的单、复数形式依主语的单、复数形式而定：主语为复数，谓语动词用复数；主语为单数或是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。②就近一致原则，即谓语动词的人称和数要与它最邻近的名词或代词保持一致。 ③意义一致原则，即不以语法形式而从意义着眼处理一致关系，若主语形式上为复数，但意义上是单数，谓语动词需用单数；若主语形式上为单数，而意义上是复数，则谓语动词用复数。 Ⅲ、自测题 1．The committee ______(be) unable to agree on the policies．

2．The committee ______ (have) decided to give the workers more financial help．3．Why he entered the house and how he managed to get out of it without being seen by people ______ (remain) a mystery to us all． 4．Three years in a strange land ______(seem) like a long time． 5．He is one of those men who never ______(care) how they look． 6．Law and order ______(mean) different things to people with different political opinions． 7．She’s the only one of these women who ______ (play) bridge well． 8．After the exams ______(be) the time to relax． 9．War and peace ______(be) a constant theme in history． 10．How is it that your answer and your neighbour’s ______(be) identical? 11．If either of you ______(take) a vacation now,we will not be able to finish the work． 12．One third of the population ______(be) working in factories． 13．There ______(be) a bed and two sofas in the room． 14．What he left me ______(be) three small rooms. 15．The crowd at the basketball game ______(be) wild with excitement. 16．None of the students ______(have)finished the exam yet． 17．A large crowd of people ______(have) gathered under the Town Hall clock．18．All but he and I ______(be) going to the Exhibition． 19．Each soldier and sailor ______(be) given a gun． 20．Attending on campus concerts ______ (be) part of the pleasure of college life．21．There ______(be) more than one answer to your question． 22．A number of pages ______(be) found missing． 23．This is one of the books that ______(tell) an authentic story of World War Two．24．The cat with her kittens ______(be) sitting in the sun． 25．What ______(be) your weekly wages? 26．Bacon and eggs ______(make) a hearty breakfast for a growing boy．27．Dancing and skating ______(be) my chief delights． 28．Only one of the students who______(have) read the article can answer the question． 29．John is the only student who ______(have) read the book． 30．The number of secretaries in this company ______(be)never under 100．31．Five hundred dollars ______(be) spent yesterday. 32．It is I who ______(be) responsible for this. 33．To visit the parks and museums ______(be) really enjoyable． 34．Every word and phrase in this dictionary ______(be) important． 35．What he wants ______(be) a recorder and a radio． 36．There ______(be) many a reason why this book sells well． 37．What caused the damage of these cars ______(remain) unknown． 38．Two thirds of my friends ______(have) been abroad． 39．Two thirds of the crop ______(have) been damaged by the storm． 40．The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes ______(have) been translated into many languages． 41．A thousand miles no longer ______ much to us today,for modern jets can easily get us over this distance within a few hours． A)meant B)mean C)means D)will mean 42．It is reported that about two-thirds of the factory’s property _______ in the fire． A)are lost B)have been lost