外语资料
Directions: This part is to test your ability to construct grammatically correct sentences. It consists of 2 sections.
Section A
Directions: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. You are required to complete each one by deciding on the most appropriate word or words from the 4 choices marked A), B), C),and D). Then you should write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
1. The advertising company recently hired a designer ______ had once won a prize in a national contest.
A) whose B) which C) whom D) who
2. It was for her daughter ________ Doris bought a toy plane yesterday.
A) why B) that C) whom D) which
3. What’s the ________ on how many bottles of wine you can bring through customs?
A) regulation B) amount C) limit D) number
4. The auto industry spends large amounts of money on marketing campaigns _____ young adult customers.
A) attract B) attracted C) to attract D) attracts
5. He was attending a meeting, _______ he would have come to your party yesterday.
A) unless B) when C) what D) or
6. John left his hometown ten years ago, never ________.
A) to return B) returned C) returning D) will return
7. By the end of this year Mr. Smith _____ in our company for exactly three years.
A)is working B) has worked C) will work D) will have worked
8. On my way to school, I saw people ________ advertisements and sample products.
A) conveying B) creating C) discarding D) distributing
9. I think that the Great Wall is worth ______ hundreds of miles to visit.
A)to travel B) traveling C) traveled D) travel
10. Only when we had finished all the work _______ that it was too late to take a bus home.
A) did we realize B)will we realize C) we did realize D) we will realize
Section B Directions:There are 10 incomplete statements here. You should fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given in brackets. Write the word or words in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.
1. We regret to inform you that we no longer manufacture the product you are (interest) _______ in.
2. Sometimes it’s (help)______ to make a list of what you have to do.
3. After the flood, life was (extreme) __________ difficult for the farmers in this area.
4. In (add) _________ to teaching at the university, Professor Wilson also works as a legal adviser to a company.
5. Tom is very good at (handle) ________ difficult customers.
6. The price of oil is much (high) ________ now than it was this time last year.
7. (fortunate) ________, the fire was discovered soon after it had started.
8. After reading the novel he was too (excite) ________ to go to sleep that night.
9. To her (disappoint) __________, her daughter did not come.
10. The lecture was so (bore) ________ that many of the students in the classroom fell asleep.
Part III Reading
Directions: There are several passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Most of my friends speak several languages. My friend Hans Kimmel, for example, speaks three languages— German, French and English. And my friend Pavlov speaks four languages—Russian, French, Spanish and English. Then there is Charles Zhou. His native language is Chinese, but he speaks three or four other languages fluently. I do not understand it. They speak, read and write all those languages, and I only know one language—English. Why can’t I speak any foreign languages? Am I stupid to learn a foreign language?
Maybe it is all a question of home and environment. My parents do not speak any other languages, so of course we speak English at home. But look at Hans. His father is German and his mother is French. So he spe aks two languages at home. And look at John’s family. His father is Russian and his mother is Spanish. So they speak two languages at home.
Perhaps it is a question of geography, too. I live in the United States, and I can travel hundreds of miles with only one language—English. But it is different for Hans in Europe. He lives in Germany, but in a few hours he can travel to France, or to Italy, or to Holland, or to Denmark. So of course he hears other languages all the time. And he needs other languages.
I am studying Italian this term at the university, but I am not learning very much Italian. I can not practice it at home or in restaurants or in stores. I only speak it three hours each week in the classroom. That’s all. The rest of the time I speak English. Maybe I should go to Italy for a few months. Then perhaps I could really learn Italian.
1. Who can speak French, German and English?
A) The author himself. B) Hans Kimmel.
C) Charles. D) John.
2. The person whose mother tongue is Chinese is _________.
A) a friend of Zhou’s B) Pavlov
C) Zhou D) Hans
3 According to the writer’s opinion, the reason why he can not speak other language s is that _________.
A) he is stupid
B) he is not good at learning languages
C) he is not interested in learning languages
D) he lives in an English-speaking country and his parents don’t speak any other languages
except English
4. The writer thinks that if a person wants to learn a foreign language well, he should _________.
A) study hard B) go to Italy
C) have a good language situation D) be clever and good at learning languages
5. The writer’s nat ive language is _________.
A) Russian B) Italian C) English D) German Passage Two
American Indians played a central role in the war known as the American Revolution. To them, however, the dispute between the colonists and England was peripheral. For American Indians the conflict was a war for American Indian independence, and whichever side they chose they lost it. Mary Brant was a powerful influence among the Iroquois. She was a Mohawk, the leader of the society of all Iroquois matrons, and the widow (寡妇) of Sir William Johnson, Superintendent of Indian Affairs. Her brother, Joseph Brant, is the best-known American Indian warrior (战士) of the Revolution, yet she may have exerted even more influence in the Confederacy than he did. She used her influence to keep the western tribes of Iroquois loyal to the English king, George III. When the colonists won the war, she and her tribe had to abandon their lands and retreat to Canada. On the other side, Nacy Ward held positions of authority in the Cherokee nation. She had fought as a warrior in the war against the Greeks and as a reward for her heroism was made “Beloved Woman” of the tribe. This office made her chief of the women’s council and a member of the council of chiefs. She was friendly with the White sett lers and supported the Patriots during the Revolution. Yet the Cherokees too lost their land.
1. What is the main point the author makes in the passage?
A) Siding with the English in the Revolution helped American Indians regain their land.
B) At the time of the Revolution, the Superintendent of Indian Affairs had little power.
C) Regardless of whom they supported in the Revolution, American Indians lost their land.
D) The outcome of the Revolution was largely determined by American Indian women.
2. The ita licized word “it” in the passage refers to ________.
A) side
B) revolution
C) dispute
D) independence
3. According to the passage, Mary Brant’s husband had been a ________.
A) government official
B) Mohawk chief
C) revolutionary hero
D) Cherokee council member
4. The italicized word “he” in the passage could be replaced by “________”.
A) Sir William Johnson
B) the Superintendent of Indian Affairs
C) Joseph Brant
D) George III
5. To which tribe did Nancy Ward belong?
A) Mohawk.
B) Iroquois.
C) Cherokee.
D) Greek.
Passage Three
In 1801, Thomas Jefferson was the first president to take the oath of office in the nation’s permanent capital, Washington D.C. Although Washington was a new city, it was already familiar to President Jefferson. In fact, Jefferson h ad helped plan the capital’s streets and public buildings. Besides being a city planner and architect, the new President was a writer, a scientist, and the inventor of several tools.
Jefferson lived in the Presidential Palace. The Palace was more than a home; it contained offices for the President and some of his staff and advisors. It also included dining and reception rooms, where the President could entertain congressmen. However, President Jefferson did not give many formal parties. This was partly because there was no First Lady. Jefferson’s wife had died in 1782. But it was also because Jefferson liked to live in a simple fashion. Once, he showed up for an important meeting wearing old clothes and slippers! Neither Washington nor Adams would ever have dressed so casually.
Jefferson was different from the first two Presidents in other ways, too. He disagreed with them about how the country should be run, and about what part a President should play in running it.
1. According to the passage, the Presidential Palace was built to be ________.
A) an office building and home
B) a meeting place for congressmen
C) a home
D) an office building
2. According to the passage, Thomas Jefferson was all of the following except ________.
A) a writer
B) a city planner
C) the third president of the United States
D) a carpenter
3. Thomas Jefferson did not entertain very often in Washington D.C. because ________.
A) he did not have new clothes
B) the food there was bad
C) he did not enjoy carefully prepared parties and there was no First Lady
D) his wife did not like it
4. Which of the following statements about Washington D.C. is TRUE?
A) It was not the first capital of the United States.
B) All the American presidents took the oath of office in Washington D.C.
C) There were many old streets in Washington D.C. before 1801.
D) Washington D.C. was planned by Thomas Jefferson.
5. It can be inferred from the passage that George Washington and John Adams both
________.
A) lived in the Presidential Palace
B) were rather formal gentlemen
C) were different from Thomas Jefferson only in how to run the country
D) dressed casually
Passage Four
High above the bustling streets, honking taxicabs and crowded sidewalks, on the 24th floor of the landmark Empire State Building, is a month-old company offering New Yorkers a
20-minute nap... New York is called the city that never sleeps, but one small company wants that to change. Stressed-out customers arrive in a quiet, darkened room filled with futuristic (未来派的) chairs, or “napping pods,” where they can pay $14 (￡7.50) for their snooze. “MetroNaps is a place where busy New Yorkers get power nap in New York City,” says
co-founder Arshad Chowdhury.
White noise machines block out whispered conversation at the front desk. Sleepers stretch out in the leaning seats, which resemble plush dentists’ chairs, with blankets covering their legs and music piped into headphones. After 20 minutes, the sleeping pod wakes up the customer with a combination of vibrations and light.
Chowdhury said nappers are encouraged to sleep just 20 minutes because a longer session tends to leave them more dazed than refreshed. Abdul Latif, a Broadway singer and dancer who likes to rest between an audition and a performance, said it was better to pay for a nap than to sit at a coffee shop. Another MetroNaps customer, writer and researcher Ben Stiller, said he needs that daily nap. “This is what energizes me, this is what keeps me going,” he said.
1. What is this passage about?
A) The importance of taking a nap.
B) How to have a good nap.
C) A company that helps people take a nap.
D) How to fall asleep in Empire State Building
2. What does “snooze” in Para. 1 probably mean?
A) Daydream.
B) A short stay.
C) Short-time sleep.
D) A long break.
3. What do you know about the nappers’ room?
A) Sleepers lie in soft beds.
B) Sleepers are covered with blanket from head to foot.
C) It’s absolutely quiet in the room.
D) Sleepers fall asleep with music in their ears.
4. Nappers should sleep no more than 20 minutes because ________.
A) it’s already very expensive for a 20-minute nap
B) you shouldn’t keep other people waiting too long
C) napping too long makes them dazed
D) napping too long is a waste of time
5. How do some nappers think of the napping service?
A) They think they would rather sit in a coffee shop.
B) They don’t think they feel refreshed after taking a nap there.
C) They don’t think they need that kind of napping.
D) They feel energized after taking a nap.
Part IV Translation
1. 他的表情说明他对周围正在发生的事情一无所知。（suggest）
2. 在返回的路上，我们将车开到一家路边咖啡馆（café）喝了点咖啡。（pull into）
3. 他激动得一句话也说不出来。(too...to...)
4 直到老师来了他们才开始做实验。（not until）
5. 当今时代人们越来越多地依靠计算机来解决各种难题。
Part V Writing
Directions: This part is to test your ability to do practical writing. You are required to write a business letter according to the following information given in Chinese. Remember to do the task on the answer Sheet.
说明：假定你是新蒂服装公司（Cindy Garment Co.）销售经理丁志文，根据以下内容给客户（Mr. John Smith）写一份信函。
写信日期：年月日
内容：1.告知因原材料（raw materials）价格上涨，产品价格上调；
2.原订货仍维持原价；
3.希望今后继续向本公司订货；
4．随函寄去调整后的价目表（price list）；
5.表示歉意，敬请谅解。
注意书信格式。
Directions: This part is to test your listening ability. It consists of 3 sections. Section A Dialogues
Directions: this section is to test your ability to understand short dialogues. There are 5 recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there is a recorded question. Both the dialogues and questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D) given in your test paper. Then you should write down the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Example: You will hear: W: Are you catching the 13:15 flight to New York?
M: No. I’ll leave t his evening.
Q: What are the two persons talking about?
You will read: A) New York City. B) An evening party.
C) An air trip. D) The man’s job.
From the dialogue we learn that the man is to take a flight to New York. Therefore, C)
An air trip is the correct answer. You should write down C on the Answer Sheet.
Now the test will begin.
1.A) On a bus.
B）In the office over the telephone.
C) On the train.
D) In the street.
2. A) The movie concerns too much about money.
B) The movie will spend their much money and time.
C) He wants to see the film again.
D) The movie is not good.
3. A) Working for her sister.
B) Helping her younger sister look for a job.
C) Looking for a new job.
D) Looking after a new job.
4. A) $10. B)$7. C) $5 D. $3.
5. A) Sam. B) John. C) Mary. D) Shelly.
Section B Conversations
Directions:This section is to test your ability to understand short conversations. There are 2-recorded conversations in it. After each conversation, there are some recorded questions. Both the conversations and questions will be spoken two times. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D) given in your test paper. Then you should write down the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Conversation 1
6. A)To be a teacher. B) To take care of animals.
C) To work as a secretary. D) To further her study.
7. A) To be an animal doctor. B) To work in an office.
C) To go abroad. D ) To be a salesman.
Conversation 2
8. A) She lost her data.
B) She broke the disc.
C) She bought a computer of a wrong model.
D) She couldn’t get her computer working.
9. A) Buy a computer for her.
B) Go to the store with her.
C) Lend her some money.
D) Replace the disc for her.
10. A) To show the receipt.
B) To call the store first.
C) To pay some more money.
D) To bring the instruction manual.
Section C Passage
Directions: This section is to test your ability to comprehend short passages. You will hear a recorded passage. After that you will hear five questions. The passage will be read two times. When you hear a question you should complete the answer to it with a word or a short phrase (in no more than 3 words). The incomplete answers are printed both in your test paper and on the Answer Sheet. You should write your answers on the Answer Sheet. Now this is the passage.
11. Where did this story happen?
It happened ____________________________.
12. What did Mr. Li and Mr. Chen do at last?
Mr. Li and Mr. Chen were lucky enough to have __________________.
13. When would the next train come?
Dr. Wang didn’t need to worry because the next train would come________________.
14. Why did Mr. Li and Mr. Chen come to the station?
Mr. Li and Mr. Chen came to ________________ Dr. Wang.
15. What did Dr. Wang feel?
Mr. Li and Mr. Chen were in such a hurry to help Dr. Wang catch the train that they were taken away by the train, which made Dr. Wang_____________________.
Part II Vocabulary and structure 20% (20 minutes) Section A
Directions：In this section，there are 10 incomplete sentences. You are required to complete
each one by deciding on the most appropriate word or words from the 4 choices marked A）, B）,C）and D). Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
16. The reason I didn’t go abroad was ________ ill.
A) because I was B) that I was C) due to being D) because of being
17. The bank warned him about his ________ to meet the payment.
A) disappointment B) failure C) loss D) lack
18. The proposal __________ at the meeting now is of great importance to our department.
A) being discussed B) to be discussing C) having discussed D) discussing
19. ___________ arriving at the meeting room, Tina discovered that she had left the sample products in her office.
A) On B) By C) Through D) In
20. It is hard to ________ what criteria are used.
A) make for B) make up C) make out D) make off
21. Is the Internet just a new ________ that allows us to communicate differently or does it bring a message that will revolutionize the way we think, act and learn?
A) communication B) medium C) material D) media
22. They’re organizing a campaign to ________ people’s attention to the environmentally harmful effects of using their cars.
A) pay B) give C) take D) draw
23. I ________ the gam e on TV so that I didn’t hear Martin come in.
A)was absorbed in B) absorbed in
C) absorbed with D) was absorbed with
24. If only I _____ your advice!
A. had taken
B. took
C. would take
D. have taken
25. Not until I began to work __________how much time I had wasted.
A. didn’t I realize
B. I didn’t realize
C. did I realize
D. I realized
Section B
Directions: There are 10 incomplete sentences here. You should fill in each blank with the proper form of the word in the brackets. Write the word or words in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.
26. She made it ( know) _____________ to all her friends that Bob had stolen her money.
27. He seems ( able ) ____________ to understand you, for he keeps asking you the same question.
28. You can always depend upon John ( be )___________ there when he is needed.
29. It is no good ( talk )___________ without doing anything.
30. In Western societies a man’s worth and potential are ( eva luate ) ___________ in terms of the goals of industrial civilization.
31. The guest paid ( little ) __________ money than he should for the room.
32. Miss Smith assistant enjoys ( work ) for her although she treats him very strictly.
33. If your neighbors are too noisy, then you have a good reason to make your ( complain )
__________.
34. She described the ancient city in detail because she ( live ) ________ there for years.
35. The organization started a ( nation ) _________ campaign against cigarette smoking in public places.
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension 40% （40 minutes）
Directions：This part is to test your reading ability. There are 5 tasks for you to fulfill. You should read the reading materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed.
Passage 1
It has been thought and said that Africans are born with musical talent. Because music is so important in the lives of many Africans and because so much music is performed in Africa, we are likely to think that all Africans are musicians. The impression is strengthened when we look at ourselves and find that we have become largely a society of musical spectators (旁观者). Music is important to us, but most of us can be considered consumers rather than producers of music. We have records, television, concerts, and radio to meet many of our musical needs. In most situations where music is performed in our culture it is not difficult to tell the audience from the performers, but such is often not the case in Africa. Alban Ayipaga, a Kasena semiprofessional (半专业的) musician from northern Ghana, says that when his flute (长笛) and drum ensemble (歌舞团) is performing, “Anybody can take part.” This is true, but Kasena musicians recognize that not all people are equally capable of taking part in the music.
Some can sing along with the drummers, but relatively few can drum and even fewer can play the flute along with the ensemble. It is fairly common in Africa for there to be an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who join in by clapping, singing, or somehow adding to the totality of musical sound. Performances often take place in an open area (that is, not on a stage) and so the lines between the performing nucleus and the additional performers －active spectators and passive spectators －may be difficult to draw.
36. The difference between us and Africans, as far as musical spectators are concerned, is that
______.
A) most of us are consumers while most of them are producers of music
B) we are musical performers and they are semiprofessional musicians
C) most of us are passive spectators while they are active spectators
D) we are the audience and they are the additional performers
37. In the sentence, “but such is not often the case in Africa,” the word “such” refers to the fact that ______.
A) music is performed with the participation of the audience
B) music is performed without the participation of the audience
C) people can hardly tell the audience from the performers
D) people have records, television sets and radio to meet their musical needs
38. The author of the passage implies that ______.
A) all Africans are musicians and therefore much music is performed in Africa
B) not all Africans are born with musical talent although music is important in their lives
C) most Africans are capable of playing musical instruments
D) most Africans perform as well as professional musicians
39. The word “nucleus” probably refers t o ______.
A) musicians famous in Africa
B) musicians at the center of attention
C) musicians acting as the centre in a performance
D) active participation in a musical performance
40. The best title for this passage would be ______.
A) The Importance of Music to African People
B) Differences between African Music and Other Countries
C) The Relationship between Musicians and Their Audience
D) A Characteristic Feature (特征) of African Musical Performances
Passage 2
The rat has many enemies and its greatest enemy is man. Nevertheless, rats are survivors. Although man has waged an unending war against them, rats have methodically and systematically colonized the world. In almost every country, from the freezing cold of the Arctic regions to the enervating (令人乏力的) heat of the tropics, rats are to be found, thriving, increasing and multiplying.
Apart from their ability to adapt themselves to varying climatic conditions, rats possess another quality that gives them an advantage in extending their boundaries. More than most other animals, including snakes, scorpions (蝎子) and spiders, they cause fear. Why should this be so? Certainly they carry disease and man is slow to forget the Black Plague (一种鼠疫), carried by rats, which killed off more than one third of the earth’s population in the fourteenth century. Also, rats have been known to bite babies in their cots, but the number of such attacks is very much exaggerated. One read s of the danger of being attacked by “a cornered rat” but this belongs to fiction: rats do not go for your throat, as many of us believe. Furthermore, it is difficult to believe that the rat’s appearance can be a source of fear: the common black or brown r at can hardly be regarded as a horrible creature while its cousin, the acacia rat, is quite pretty and gentle.
41. According to the writer ________.
A) rats have many enemies worse than man
B) man is rats’ worst enemy
C) man is no worse than many of rats’ enemies
D) man’s greatest enemy is the rat
42. We are told that ________.
A) rats prefer the heat to the cold
B) rats do not mind the heat or the cold
C) rats dislike the heat but do not mind the cold
D) rats dislike both the heat and the cold
43. The second quality of the rat is that ________.
A) it increases and multiplies
B) it has an advantage over other animals
C) it makes people fear
D) it extends it boundaries
44. Man has good reason to fear rats because ________.
A) they carry disease
B) they frequently attack babies
C) they go for your throat
D) they look horrible
45. The best summary of the passage is that ________.
A) rats will survive the unending war man has staged against them because they can live
anywhere and men fear them
B) rats will not survive because they carry disease
C) rats are sometimes feared without reason
D) rats are dangerous and horrible creatures
Passage 3
Feel tired lately? Has the doctor said he can’t find anything wrong with you? Perhaps he sent you to a hospital, but all the advanced equipment there shows that there is nothing wrong with you.
Then, consider this: you might be in a state of subhealth (亚健康).
Subhealth, also called the third state or gray state, is explained as a borderline state between health and disease.
According to the investigation by the National Health Organization, over 45 percent of subhealthy people are middle-aged or elderly. The percentage is even higher among people who work in management positions as well as students around exam-week.
Symptoms (征兆) include a lack of energy, depression (压抑), slow reactions, insomnia ( 失眠), agitation
(烦乱), and poor memory. Other symptoms include shortness of breath, sweating and aching in the waist and legs.
The key to preventing and recovering from subhealth, according to some medical experts, is to form good living habits, alternate work and rest, exercise regularly, and take part in open air activities.
As for meals, people are advised to eat less salt and sugar. They should also eat more fresh vegetables, fruits and fish because they are rich in nutritional elements--vitamins and trace elements that are important to the body.
Nutrition (营养) experts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause unhealthy changes in the digestive tract (消化系统). They also say that a balanced diet is very helpful in avoiding subhealth.
46. According to this passage, when you are in a state of subhealth, you should ________?
A) stay home and keep silent
B) go to see a doctor and depend on medicine
C) have yourself examined in foreign countries
D) find out the reasons and relax yourself
47. Middle-aged people may be easy to get subhealth because _______．
A) they have used up their energy
B) they have lost their living hopes
C) they have more pressure in life and work
D) they begin to get older
48. The key to preventing you from falling into a state of subhealth is that you should _______．
A) work hard
B) sleep more
C) form good living habits
D) take more medicine
49. As for food, experts suggested that we should _______．
A) never eat meat
B) have variety of food
C) eat less than usual
D) have meals without salt or sugar
50. The word “alternate” in this p assage is closest in meaning to _______．
A) arrange by turns
B) cause to take place
C) keep up
D) take up
Passage 4
Supermarkets are trying to cheat you to spend more. For example, moving a brand from the bottom shelf to eye level can increase sales b y 50 percent. It’s no surprise, then, that foods and other high-profit items are at eye level. To beat supermarkets at their own game, use coupons (优惠券), buy in quantity and shop with your eyes open.
We gave a same shopping list to two staff members, asking one to choose items regardless of cost and the other to look for low prices. Our impulsive shopper would come up with
name-brand products costing $110.05. The careful shopper’s cart contained mostly store brands. She spent $59.35, a saving of $50.70.
Usually our careful shopper did not have to settle for lower quality. In the past tests, many store-brand products (tea bags, peanut butter, preserves, glass cleaner) have done as well as or better than name-brand ones. Shopping the way our careful staffer did, you would be able to save $2,500 a year buying for a family of four.
Sometimes, brand-name items are of better quality. sometime’s they’re more convenient. Nonetheless, we promise you: if you shop with your eyes open, you’ll save money.
51. One trick used by supermarkets is ________.
A) putting high-profit items usually in the upper-middle place of the shelf
B) use something to attract shoppers’ attention
C) give out coupons to people
D) prohibit quantity buying
52. An “impulsive shopper” ________.
A) makes quick decision as to what to buy and what not to buy
B) often buys something that is useless or he actually doesn’t need
C) always buy those expensive things
D) always buy those cheap things
53. What can be inferred from the passage?
A) Brand-name products are too expensive.
B) Making a shopping list before going shopping is a good way to save money.
C) Store-brand products can be as good as name-brand ones.
D) Buying brand-name products is a waste of money.
54. According to the passage, in the past, some tests had been done on ________.
A) how to save money
B) how a careful shopper behaves
C) why impulsive shopper spends more money
D) the comparison between name-brand products and store-brand ones
55. “Sometimes they’re more convenient” means “________”.
A) sometimes the producers provide convenient services
B) sometimes they are easier to get from the shelf
C) sometimes they are easier to carry and use
D) sometimes they are of better quality
Part IV Translation 10% （20 minutes）
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English (with the given words or phrases)
56. 她考试不及格。但这错在她自己，她什么也没有学。（fail）
57. 在你作出决定之前，你最好与你妻子商量一下。(talk over)
58. 空调设备可使我们免受酷热之苦。(protect...from)
59. 你可以出去，只要你答应在11点以前回来。(as long as)
60. 一旦摆脱了家务劳动，玛丽可以有更多的时间读书并完成她的大学学业。（free ... from）
Part V Writing 15% （25 minutes）
Directions: This part is to test your ability to do practical writing. You are required to write an Application Letter according to the following information given in Chinese.
假定你是张明，给黄石国际矿冶文化旅游节筹委会写一份申请函，申请做一名矿冶文化旅游节的志愿者。
写信日期：2012年6月9日
申请函需要包括：
1. 个人信息（年龄、性别、特长、外语能力、社会活动经历等）
2. 担任志愿者的理由
3. 希望担当什么样的志愿者工作（如导游、翻译或接待服务等）
4. 所就读学校或工作单位，联系方式
Words for reference:
志愿者：volunteer
矿冶文化旅游节：Mining and Metallurgy Cultural Tourism Festival
计算机专业外文文献及翻译
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高校图书馆工作职责
高校图书馆工作职责 图书管理员岗位职责 一、图书管理员应严格执行图书管理的规章制度。 二、图书管理员要树立为职工服务的思想、钻研业务，掌握图书管理业务的基本技能，制定和执行书屋的管理工作。 三、具有完善的出版物进出登记台账，做好读者的图书出借和阅读工作，不断改进工作方法，简化借阅手续，提高图书流通率。 四、有计划、有原则地选购图书，订阅期刊，及时添购新书籍，书柜，保证图书经费的合理使用。 五、按照图书编目的要求，对藏书分类编目，新买的书刊及时分编上架，投入流通，不无故积压。 六、经常宣传新书内容，开展读书活动，做好书刊鉴别工作，严禁内容不健康的书刊出借和阅览。 七、爱护图书财产，定期查库账物要清，经常保持图书馆、阅鉴室和资料整洁通风，做好防虫、防潮、防灾、防盗等安全保护工作。 八、定期做好报纸、杂志的装订和保管工作，及时修补损坏的书籍杂志。 九、对读者做好爱护图书和遵守阅览室制度的宣传教育工作，并建立培养一支读者管理图书的服务队伍。 十、认真做好防盗、防火、防潮、防虫工作，搞好书库、借书室、阅览室的清洁卫生工作。 图书管理员应具备的素质
有很多人认为图书管理就是简简单单的借书、还书，近似于简单体力劳动，毫无技术性可言。这种观点是有失偏颇的。图书管理员素质的高低将直接影响到图书馆(室)管理工作的正常开展，直接影响到图书馆(室)的管理水平和服务质量。培养图书管理员应具备的素质，以便以后的图书管理工作更上一个新台阶。 一、正视图书管理工作，热爱本职工作资料室的藏书量与日俱增，没有一套科学的管理程序、 科学的管理方法是不可能管理好的，因为图书管理所包含的技术含量也非常高。新旧更替更加频繁，各种专业分工越来越精细化，图书管理者面对这样一个浩瀚的、不断变化的书籍的海洋，掌握它、发挥它的作用是一项复杂而艰巨的工作，而绝对不是简单的机械劳动。每个图管理者必须理解这一点，认识到图书管理的重要性，正视图书管理事业。称职的图书管理员必须把图书管理当作自己的事业一样精心经营。热爱本职工作是空口而谈，要能够主动地去学习、去思考、去研究，积极地开展工作，发现问题、解决问题，使图书资源能够得到有效地利用， 从而推动图书管理事业的发展。 二、服务态度和技能 美国著名的图书馆学家谢拉说：“服务，这是图书馆的基本宗旨。”要提高服务质量，必须坚持贯彻“两心原则”———细心、耐心。 1.图书管理需要细心
外文资料及其翻译
A Wavelet Based Approach for Fast Detection of Internal Fault in Power Transformers The power transformer is one of the most expensive elements of power system and its protection is an essential part of the overall system protection strategy. The differential protection provides the best protection for power transformer. Its operation principle is based on this point that the differential current during an internal fault is higher than normal condition. But, a large transient current (inrush current) can cause mal-operation of differential relays. Then, studies for the improvement of the transformer protection have focused on discrimination between internal short circuit faults and inrush currents in transformers. The magnetizing inrush current has a large second order harmonic component in comparison to internal faults. Therefore , some transformer protection systems are designed to halt operating during the inrush current by sensing this large second order harmonic. The second harmonic component in the magnetizing inrush currents tend to be relatively small in modern large power transformers because of improvements in the power transformer core materials. Also , it has been seen that the fault current can contain higher second order harmonics than the inrush current due to nonlinear fault resistance, CT saturation .the distributed capacitance in the transmission line, which transformer is connected to, or due to the use of extra high voltage underground cables. Various methods have been suggested for overcoming this protection system mal-operation. This paper presents a wavelet based method for discrimination among inrush current, internal short circuit ,external short circuit and energizing and it is not affected by CT saturation and it is able to detect internal faults while transformer energization. Unlike Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy logic based algorithms. This approach is not system dependent. The operating time of the scheme is less than 10ms. The Daubechies mother wavelet is used with a sample rate of 5 kHz. Then , the differential currents of the three phases are decomposed into two details and only the second level will be considered by using db5 mother wavelet. Discrete Wavelet Transform The wavelet transform is a powerful tool to extract information from the non-stationary signals simultaneously in both time and frequency domains. The ability of the wavelet transform to focus on short time intervals for high-frequency components and long intervals for low-frequency components improves the analysis
1外文文献翻译原文及译文汇总
华北电力大学科技学院 毕业设计（论文）附件 外文文献翻译 学号：121912020115姓名：彭钰钊 所在系别：动力工程系专业班级：测控技术与仪器12K1指导教师：李冰 原文标题：Infrared Remote Control System Abstract 2016 年 4 月 19 日
红外遥控系统 摘要 红外数据通信技术是目前在世界范围内被广泛使用的一种无线连接技术，被众多的硬件和软件平台所支持。红外收发器产品具有成本低，小型化，传输速率快，点对点安全传输，不受电磁干扰等特点，可以实现信息在不同产品之间快速、方便、安全地交换与传送，在短距离无线传输方面拥有十分明显的优势。红外遥控收发系统的设计在具有很高的实用价值，目前红外收发器产品在可携式产品中的应用潜力很大。全世界约有1亿5千万台设备采用红外技术，在电子产品和工业设备、医疗设备等领域广泛使用。绝大多数笔记本电脑和手机都配置红外收发器接口。随着红外数据传输技术更加成熟、成本下降，红外收发器在短距离通讯领域必将得到更广泛的应用。 本系统的设计目的是用红外线作为传输媒质来传输用户的操作信息并由接收电路解调出原始信号，主要用到编码芯片和解码芯片对信号进行调制与解调，其中编码芯片用的是台湾生产的PT2262，解码芯片是PT2272。主要工作原理是：利用编码键盘可以为PT2262提供的输入信息，PT2262对输入的信息进行编码并加载到38KHZ的载波上并调制红外发射二极管并辐射到空间，然后再由接收系统接收到发射的信号并解调出原始信息，由PT2272对原信号进行解码以驱动相应的电路完成用户的操作要求。 关键字：红外线；编码；解码；LM386；红外收发器。 1 绪论
毕业设计外文资料翻译译文
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外文文献及翻译
文献翻译 原文 Combining JSP and Servlets The technology of JSP and Servlet is the most important technology which use Java technology to exploit request of server, and it is also the standard which exploit business application .Java developers prefer to use it for a variety of reasons, one of which is already familiar with the Java language for the development of this technology are easy to learn Java to the other is "a preparation, run everywhere" to bring the concept of Web applications, To achieve a "one-prepared everywhere realized." And more importantly, if followed some of the principles of good design, it can be said of separating and content to create high-quality, reusable, easy to maintain and modify the application. For example, if the document in HTML embedded Java code too much (script), will lead the developed application is extremely complex, difficult to read, it is not easy reuse, but also for future maintenance and modification will also cause difficulties. In fact, CSDN the JSP / Servlet forum, can often see some questions, the code is very long, can logic is not very clear, a large number of HTML and Java code mixed together. This is the random development of the defects. Early dynamic pages mainly CGI (Common Gateway Interface, public Gateway Interface) technology, you can use different languages of the CGI programs, such as VB, C / C + + or Delphi, and so on. Though the technology of CGI is developed and powerful, because of difficulties in programming, and low efficiency, modify complex shortcomings, it is gradually being replaced by the trend. Of all the new technology, JSP / Servlet with more efficient and easy to program, more powerful, more secure and has a good portability, they have been many people believe that the future is the most dynamic site of the future development of technology. Similar to CGI, Servlet support request / response model. When a customer submit a request to the server, the server presented the request Servlet, Servlet responsible for handling requests and generate a response, and then gave the server, and then from the server sent to
毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译〔含原文〕
南京理工大学 毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译 教学点：南京信息职业技术学院 专业：电子信息工程 姓名：陈洁 学号： 014910253034 外文出处：《 Pci System Architecture 》 (用外文写) 附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。 指导教师评语： 该生外文翻译没有基本的语法错误，用词准确，没 有重要误译，忠实原文；译文通顺，条理清楚，数量与 质量上达到了本科水平。 签名： 年月日 注：请将该封面与附件装订成册。
附件1：外文资料翻译译文 64位PCI扩展 1.64位数据传送和64位寻址：独立的能力 PCI规范给出了允许64位总线主设备与64位目标实现64位数据传送的机理。在传送的开始，如果回应目标是一个64位或32位设备，64位总线设备会自动识别。如果它是64位设备，达到8个字节（一个4字）可以在每个数据段中传送。假定是一串0等待状态数据段。在33MHz总线速率上可以每秒264兆字节获取（8字节／传送＊33百万传送字／秒），在66MHz总线上可以528M字节／秒获取。如果回应目标是32位设备，总线主设备会自动识别并且在下部4位数据通道上（AD[31::00]）引导，所以数据指向或来自目标。 规范也定义了64位存储器寻址功能。此功能只用于寻址驻留在4GB地址边界以上的存储器目标。32位和64位总线主设备都可以实现64位寻址。此外，对64位寻址反映的存储器目标（驻留在4GB地址边界上）可以看作32位或64位目标来实现。 注意64位寻址和64位数据传送功能是两种特性，各自独立并且严格区分开来是非常重要的。一个设备可以支持一种、另一种、都支持或都不支持。 2.64位扩展信号 为了支持64位数据传送功能，PCI总线另有39个引脚。 ●REQ64#被64位总线主设备有效表明它想执行64位数据传送操作。REQ64#与FRAME#信号具有相同的时序和间隔。REQ64#信号必须由系统主板上的上拉电阻来支持。当32位总线主设备进行传送时，REQ64#不能又漂移。 ●ACK64#被目标有效以回应被主设备有效的REQ64#（如果目标支持64位数据传送），ACK64#与DEVSEL#具有相同的时序和间隔（但是直到REQ64#被主设备有效，ACK64#才可被有效）。像REQ64#一样，ACK64#信号线也必须由系统主板上的上拉电阻来支持。当32位设备是传送目标时，ACK64#不能漂移。 ●AD[64::32]包含上部4位地址／数据通道。 ●C/BE#[7::4]包含高4位命令/字节使能信号。 ●PAR64是为上部4个AD通道和上部4位C/BE信号线提供偶校验的奇偶校验位。 以下是几小结详细讨论64位数据传送和寻址功能。 3.在32位插入式连接器上的64位卡
南京大学社会工作硕士MSW专业学位研究生
南京大学社会工作硕士(MSW)专业学位研究生 培养方案（试行） 为了贯彻实施国务院学位委员会转发《社会工作硕士专业学位指导性培养方案》的要求,根据社会工作专业硕士（简称MSW，后同）学位的培养特点，结合南京大学MSW承办单位社会学院的实际情况，制定本培养方案。 一、培养目标 培养德智体全面发展，具有“以人为本、助人自助、公平公正”的专业价值观，掌握社会工作的理论和方法，熟悉我国社会政策，具备较强的社会福利服务策划、执行、督导、评估和研究能力，胜任针对不同人群及领域的社会福利服务与社会福利管理的应用型高级专业人才。 二、招生对象 招生对象为社会工作及相关专业或具有一定社会工作实践经验的其他专业的学士学位获得者。 三、学习年限 全日制学习年限一般为2年。 四、培养方式 1、MSW培养采用课程讲授、案例研讨和社会工作实习等多种形式，重视实践教学。MSW教育中心配备有现代化的多媒体教室、社会工作实验室等硬件设施，聘请有实践经验的优秀社会工作人才为学生上课或开设讲座，采用案例分析的方式授课，加强社会工作实务技能的训练，兼顾研究能力的培养。 2、设立导师组，发挥集体培养作用。导师组以具有指导硕士研究生资格的正、副教授为主，并吸收社会福利服务与管理部门的优秀社会工作人才参加。实行双导师制，即学校专职教师与有实际工作经验和研究水平的优秀社会工作人才共同指导。
五、课程设置 MSW专业学位课程的总学分不低于36学分。学分课程类型包括：公共必修课、专业必修课、专业选修课、社会工作实习及毕业论文。学生必须通过学校组织的规定课程考试，成绩合格方能取得该门课程的学分；修满规定学分方能撰写学位论文。社会工作硕士专业必修课都配备2名以上专任授课教师，具有社会工作实践经验或督导经验者的比例不低于50%。 1、必修课（21学分） 必修课包括公共必修课与专业必修课，共有7门课，20个学分。 公共必修课程（7学分） 专业必修课程（14学分） 【注】：专业必修课还包括社会工作实习（5学分）和学位论文（2学分），详细要求见第六部分和第七部分。
建筑外文文献及翻译
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2018年高校图书馆工作计划
高校书馆工作计划 高校书馆工作计划【一】 20XX年是实施“十五”发展规划最后一年，也是我院迎接教育部教学水平评诂最关键的一年。去年大家齐心协力，克服困难，勤奋工作，做出了贡献，取得了成绩，开了个好头，为今年更好地工作打下了坚实的基础。200年我们的任务仍很艰巨，任务繁重，我们要以200年学院党政工作要点为指导，结合书馆工作实际，继续以迎评工作为重点，认真整改;以服务工作为中心，开拓创新;以提高馆员素质为根本，强化教育。在基础设施、文献资源、人员队伍建设及科学管理、读者服务等方面要不断完善和拓展。为明确任务，齐抓共管，高质量完成200年书馆各项工作，特制定本年度书馆党政工作计划。 一、加强党支部建设和职工队伍建设。 1、按照院党委的布置和要求，利用周三下午时间认真组织好政治理论学习，联系工作实际不断提高全体党员干部的政治素质、思想素质，抓好各项工作的组织落实、任务落实、责任落实、时间落实。 2、严格支部组织生活。坚持每月一次支部活动，每学期一次民主生活会制度。组织党员深入学习“三个代表”重要思想和“新党章”，并结合开展“共产党员先进性教育”活动，重温“入党誓词”，找差距、提意见、定措施、抓整改，切实解决党员队伍中存在的不求进取、理想淡漠、先锋作用不突出等问题，从而提高党员的自觉意识、先锋意识、群体意识和荣誉意识，增强观念，转变作风，保持和发扬党的三大作风优良传统。 3、做好组织发展工作。一是按时召开支部大会，做好预备党员的转正工作;二是加强青年馆员的培养和教育工作，采取多种形式对青
年进行党的基础知识教育，吸收优秀青年加入到党组织队伍中来，不断增强党支部的战斗堡垒作用。 4、加强党支部廉政建设。组织党员认真学习《中国共产党纪律处分条例》和《中国共产党党内监督条例》，从思想上进一步提高防腐倡廉意识，从而自觉遵章守纪，争做清政廉洁、公道正派的好党员好干部。 5、加强职工队伍思想道德建设。继续以以人为本、无私奉献、内强素质、外树形象作为馆里的精神支撑，对职工进行“爱岗敬业，优质服务”、“馆荣我荣，馆衰我耻”的教育，不断提高职工的道德品质休养和文化素质。 6、调整人员专业结构。目前书馆22名工作人员中，没有科班毕业的书馆专业人员，计算机专业人员仅有一名专科毕业生。如此的专业结构，已经影响了书馆业务工作的深入开展。随着我院书馆自动化、网络化、数字化建设的不断深入，计划下一步我们将以存储传播知识信息为工作重点，构建一个现代化的信息服务中心，要形成一个系统的自动化管理和服务体系，没有专业人员企能实现这一目标。因此，根据书馆目前工作和长远发展的需要，我们将继续向学院提出用人计划，今年引进书信息情报专业人员2名、计算机专业人员1名。 7、加强业务培训工作。根据书馆任务多，工作量大的实际情况，组织骨干人员，分期分批参加省内有关业务短期培训班，提高专业人员的业务素质和业务技能。 8、增强馆际交流和协作，扩大宣传我院、我馆的知名度，分期分批组织骨干力量到市内有关高校书馆参观学习。以此达到解放思想、更新观念，取长补短，不断提高书馆工作水平，推进书馆各项工作不断进步。 9、开展学术研究活动。围绕当前高校乃至我校“书馆信息网络化
外文翻译 外文资料和译文
. . XX大学XXXXXXX 外文资料和译文 专业：软件工程 班级：软件XXXXX 姓名：XXXXX 学号：XXXXXXXXXXXXXX 指导教师：XXXXXXXX 2009 年 12 月 17 日
原文 1.1 A JSP technology overview Let's begin by talking a little about how JSP pages work. We're going to keep it simple and focus on some of the basics. For more information, see Resources for links to additional JSP technology information. In the traditional sense, JSP pages look very much like HTML pages, with a few extra tags. These tags allow the designer to embed Java code (not JavaScript) in the page itself. A Web application server, like the IBM WebSphere Application Server, will intercept requests for JSP pages. It's tipped off to their existence by the page's extension: .jsp (not .html). The Web application server then preprocesses the JSP page, taking out the JSP tags and any embedded Java code, leaving only the HTML. The extracted JSP tags and embedded Java code are used to build a Java servlet (JSP page servlet) that runs the code and inserts the results back into the original page where the JSP tags used to be. The result is pure HTML. The Java is stripped out and run on the server before the requesting browser sees any result. We can apply the same principle to an XML page. Before the requester of the JSP page containing XML ever sees the XML (be it a browser or some other B2B application), the Java code is stripped out of the JSP page and used to generate additional content, which is inserted back into the page at the points where the JSP tags used to reside. This feature gives you the ability to control exactly where new content is to be inserted, down to the character. We'll look at how to make this work in a minute. First, let's consider why you might want to create dynamic XML using JSP. Why not simply write a Java application or servlet to generate the entire document? Why bother with JSP at all? The most important reason, providing only portions of an XML document are dynamic, is that it makes sense not to regenerate that
外文资料翻译(原文和译文)_刘海平
淮阴工学院 毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译 系部：计算机工程 专业：计算机科学与技术 姓名：刘海平 学号： 10213120 外文出处：Digital Avionics Systems Conference,2005. DASC 2005. The 24th 附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。 注：请将该封面与附件装订成册。
附件1：外文资料翻译译文 解决嵌入式OPENGL难题－使标准、工具和APIS能在高度嵌入 和安全的环境中一起工作 摘要 作为定义和表现屏幕图象来说，嵌入式的HMIS正在使用OpenGL来表现API.由于图形加速子系统和商业驱动的出现，这一趋势能被很好的支持。同时，嵌入的图形工具和软件厂商已经在他们的API中支持OpenGL。因为其高度的嵌入和关键的安全环境，完整的OpenGL不是一个狭窄的标准。为了能获得低价格/低功耗的硬件设备和减少获得关键安全证书的驱动的复杂性，必须包含OpenGL的子集。 近些年，移动图形工业已经从定义合适的OpenGL子集的工业联盟的努力中获得利益。这些子集，或外形,存在于趋向为广泛的不同的嵌入式市场的应用的不同版本提供服务。它很清楚如此定义明确的标准罐子和将会有一种在嵌入式和关键安全的图形业上的有益的影响，提供空前的便携和简单的HMI程序. 图形工具和软件厂商正在支持新的标准的水平是不清晰的。对于终端开发者来说，这些要求是非常高的，就像既不支持或很难的保证的API的可靠性。这篇论文在对厂商和开发者征税方面提出了些建议，获得用户接口和用OPENGL标准来确保工程的成功和HMI软件的广泛调度的建议。 背景 图形处理单元（GPUs） 在过去 10 年内, 嵌入式的系统经历了基本的变化的平台显示技术。这些变化已经主要被两个相似技术所控制，使用了OPENGL的显示硬件和高级的以光栅为基础的EGS系统。平面显示已经在支持嵌入式尺寸和宽度限制方面有了很大的提高。以光栅为基础的EGS已经在解决增强的方法方面提供了足够的马力，特别是建立在日常的OPENGL硬件上。 那些渲染引擎或图形芯片是处理图形和创建或渲染图形的移动处理设备的一部分。在桌面系统方面，硬件渲染引擎起处于统治地位，导致了两个高性能的处理
社会工作者：学校社会工作基本理论
社会工作者：学校社会工作基本理论 一、任务中心理论 任务中心是20世纪60年代后期在美国发展起来的一种个案工作方法，它的倡导者是雷伊德（Reid）和艾士旦（Epstein）。任务中心理论主张在诊断暨服务过程中，首先订定明确的计划与时限，如此才可能达成治疗的目标。因此，它是一种简单而且有一定时间限制的个案工作方法。任务中心理论具有以下几个基本内容： 1、对人的看法。 任务中心理论认为人有解决问题的能力和潜力，个人通过专业服务的过程，可以增强解决问题的能力，并且学习方法和技巧，从而可以运用这些能力、方法和技巧面对日后可能发生的类似问题或新的问题。因此，人是健康的、常态的，问题的产生只是个人能力的暂时欠缺而已。 2、对问题的看法。 任务中心理论认为问题的存在是个人内在的心理因素与外在的环境因素交 互作用的结果。因此，在解决问题的过程中，有必要对当事人的外在环境因素进行分析和考察。
任务中心理论的主要目标是问题的分类。通常情况下，我们可以将问题分为七大类： （1）人际冲突，这类问题主要是指人与人在互动过程中产生的不协调，这种不协调既可能是家庭成员间的冲突，如父母子女、兄弟姐妹之间的矛盾，也可能是和社会上其他人的冲突，如老师与学生之间的冲突。在人们的交往过程中，如果个人需求、人格特质、性格特征、角色期待与行为关联等多种因素存在着明显的差异，在事情的看法上存在分歧，冲突就不可避免。 （2）社会关系的不满意。对于与他人建立的社会关系，个人在事先总会抱有一定的期望，而当这种期望与实际情况不相符合时，个人就会感到不满。例如，一个喜欢对朋友推心置腹的人，也会对朋友抱同样的要求。但是，当他发现自己的朋友有什么事情并不会向自己吐露时，便会因为自己对朋友关系的信任没有得到适当的回应而产生不满。想象和实际存在差距时，个人可能就会产生一定的适应问题。因此，问题的核心在于彼此对关系的期待和投入并不相同。 （3）与正式团体之间的问题。个人在其一生中，或多或少，总会成为某一个或几个正式团体的成员。而在成为正式团体成员之后，个人就面对与团体之间的协调问题，例如个人的价值观念如何同集体的价值观念匹配，个人的目标如何同集体的目标结合。如果个人无法将自己同团体有效地融合，对团体没有足够的认同感和归属感，就会同特定组织和机构产生冲突。 （4）角色执行的困难。角色一词是戏剧影视中常用的一个概念。在社会学中，角色就是与一定的社会地位、社会身份相联系的被期望的行为。个人在社会生活中会基于一种地位和身份，按照一定期望，选择一定行为模式去履行角色。
光学外文文献及翻译
学号2013211033 昆明理工大学 专业英语 专业光学 姓名辜苏 导师李重光教授 分数 导师签字 日期2015年5月6日 研究生部
专业英语考核
Fig.1 Geometric coordinate of digital holography 2.1 Getting information of object wave on hologram plate shifting N-1 times and capturing N holograms. interferogram after k- 1 times phase-shifting is
4 Spatial resolution of digital holography 4.1 Affecting factors of the spatial resolution of digital holography considered in three respects: (1) sizes of the and the direction of the reference beam, the registering material, and (3) diffraction limitation. For pointx2on the object shown in Fig.3, the limits of spatial frequency are ξθ??????? ?-'--211tan sin sin x R Fig.2 Determining reconstructing distance
高校图书馆工作计划
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