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2012级新编大学英语(四)讨论话题和句子翻译

2012级新编大学英语(四)讨论话题和句子翻译
2012级新编大学英语(四)讨论话题和句子翻译

12级新编大学英语(四)口语考试形式、翻译句子及讨论话题一、考试的题型:

1)考试题型分group discussion和sentence-making & translation ;

group discussion为:对评委给定的话题进行小组讨论;sentence-making & translation为4个词组造句和2句中译英翻译;

2)小组讨论部分的考试时间为:三人组2分15秒;四人组3分钟;五人组3分45秒

3)个人词组造句和翻译部分的考试时间:4个词组造句和2句中译英翻译考试时间共为36秒;

二、考试的形式:

1)下沙校区主要以四人组为主,特殊情况下可以设三人组或五人组;

2)首先小组讨论考试,然后进行个人部分,即sentence-making & translation 考试。

注:若学校和学院对考试形式做调整,会另行通知!

三、考试范围:

1. Single Work

1)Translation范围:

Book 4, Unit1—Unit6 课文中抽出的翻译句子。

2)Phrases— sentence making范围:

Book4, Unit1—Unit6, 共18篇文章后面生词表中的所有短语。

2. group work参考话题(范围:与课文相关的Topics (Book4 unit 1-unit6 )

讨论话题:1-6单元讨论话题共12个

Unit 1

Talk about the power of humor and share the humorous story or typical joke with your classmates.

What is your favorite film and why do you like it so much?

Unit 2

Is Letter Writing Better than Calling?

Does criticism do more harm than good to people? Why?

Unit 3

What are the characteristics of the ideal wife and the ideal husband?

Who are teachers’ pets, boys or girls? How to avoid gender bias in classroom?

Unit 4

Which should be emphasized in education, knowledge or creativity?

What do you think parents can do at home to encourage a child’s creativity?

Unit 5

What is your favorite sport? How do you benefit from it?

Should athletes be role models?

Unit6

Why would people like to take risks?

What are the links between health risks and environmental pollution?

大学英语(四)汉译英句子

Unit 1

1. 还在小时候,布利茨恩(Blizten)就会戏弄祖母,把她的拖鞋挪走。

Even when young, Blizten would tease Grandma by carrying her slippers away. 2.这个笑话的幽默之处在于第二位男士说他的妻子不是一位贵妇。

The humor lies in the fact that the second man is saying that his wife is not a lady.

3.一个真正有幽默感的人在任何聚会上都常常是注意力的焦点。

The truly humorous individual is often the focus of attention in any gathering.

4.双关语与其他幽默形式相比需要更细微、更巧妙的语言技巧。

Puns require more subtle and sophisticated language skills than other humor forms.

5.读者的乐趣就在于追随故事里隐含的线索。

The fun for the reader is in following the clues hidden in the story.

6.大多数侦探小说使读者感到不安,而不是慰藉。

Instead of being comforting, most detective novels unsettle their readers.

7.在一场谋杀案打乱了人们的生活之前,这是一个安定、可预测的世界。

This is a world which is safe and predictable until a murder shatters people’s lives.

8. 毫无疑问,音乐会继续发挥它的诱惑力。

There seems no doubt that music will continue to exert its attraction.

Unit 2 The Power of Words

1.因为那时我是个十几岁的小伙子,所以他的话最鼓舞人心了。

Because I was a teenager then, his words couldn’t have been more inspiring.

2.每当我怀疑自己不是当作家的料时,便会重温他的便笺。

Whenever I doubted I had the right stuff to be a writer,I would reread his note. 3.毫不奇怪,他的朋友圈子就像附近的伊利(Erie)湖那么大。

Not surprisingly, he has a body of friends as big as nearby Lake Erie.

4.我得知汤姆养成了一个给各行各业的人写快捷的便笺的习惯。

I learned that Tom made a habit of writing a quick note to people in all walks of life.

5.在一个惯于冷漠、无动于衷的世界上,这种便笺带来了温暖和安慰。

In a world too often cold and unresponsive, such notes bring warmth and reassurance.

6.他的便条不仅写给同事,还写给萍水相逢的和完全陌生的人。

His notes go not only to associates, but to casual acquaintances and total strangers. 7.清新和热情会长久地回荡在读者的心灵中。

The freshness and enthusiasm will linger in the reader’s mind long afterwa rd. 8.给我留下深刻印象的是他每次真诚的反应。

What impressed me so much was his sincere response every time.

Unit 3 Gender Difference

1.各种不同类型的行为和情感,既是由遗传也是由文化定型的。

Various types of behavior and emotions are patterned by both heredity and culture.

2.在教育中存在一种偏爱男孩胜于女孩的文化偏见。

There is a cultural bias in education that favors boys over girls.

3.那些成为积极的课堂参与者的学生会形成更积极的态度。

Those students who become active classroom participants will develop more positive attitudes.

4. 请男生回答问题的次数远比女生多,这对学习过程有着巨大的影响。

Calling on males far more than on female students has a tremendous impact on the learning process.

5.有时候教师们不知不觉地阻止女孩像男孩一样积极地参与。

Sometimes teachers unknowingly prevented girls from participating as actively as boys.

6.男生作业做得马虎却受表扬,要是女生做这样的作业就得不到宽容。

Boys receive praise for sloppy work that would not be tolerated from girls.

7.女孩子到九岁时数学一直比男孩子强,但此后便落后了。

Girls are superior to boys in math up to the age of nine, but fall behind from then on.

8.即使男孩们占少数时,他们也得到老师们三分之二的注意力。

Boys get two-thirds of the teachers’ attention even when they are in a mi nority.

Unit 4 Creativity

1.如果迪克听从了他的老板,也许我们就不会有遮护胶带了。

If Dick had listened to his boss, we might not have masking tape.

2.有时犯傻是通向创造性的必要的一步。

Sometimes being silly is an essential step toward creativity.

3.创造性并非与生俱来,也不一定就是高智慧的特征。

Creativity is not something one is born with, nor is it necessarily a characteristic of high intelligence.

4.许多教育者十分看重考试分数,往往为了正确的答案而牺牲了创造性。With strong emphasis on test scores, many educators sacrifice creativity for correct answers.

5.创造一个荒诞想法受到尊重和赞赏,而不是鄙视或不理会的环境是很重要的。It is important to create a place where wild ideas are honored and valued, never scorned or dismissed.

6.即使是为了中美友谊,我们也并不特别感激这种干预。

Even for the sake of Chinese-American friendship, we were not particularly grateful for this intervention.

7.大人几乎毫不犹豫地干涉小孩成长的过程。

Adults feel little hesitation about intervening in the child-growing process.

8.在希望孩子怎样行事上,我们遇到了两种截然不同的态度。

We were dealing with totally different attitudes about the preferred behavior for children.

Unit 5

1.做个好榜样并不需要十全十美, 而且人们也不应该期盼完美。

You don’t have to be perfect to be a good role model, and people shouldn’t expect perfection.

2.他显示出一个优秀者应具有的诸如诚实、毅力这些品格吗?

Does he display the values—like honesty and determination—that are part of being a good person?

3.时刻处在公众的注视之下有时令人难以忍受。

Constantly being watched by the public can be hard to tolerate at times.

4.如果孩子们心目中的英雄犯了错误,他们就不会觉得世界末日到了。

If the kid’s heroes should make mistakes, it won’t seem like the end of the world to them.

5.要成为一名体育明星,你必须具备非凡的竞争意识。

To become a star athlete, you have to have an extremely competitive outlook.

6.他们变得很自负,表现得就像他们的运动生涯会永远辉煌下去。

They become conceited and behave as if their athletic success will last forever. 7.当他们因为享有特权便自认为可以为所欲为时,危险就随之而至。

The danger arises when they think that because they are privileged they can have anything they want.

8.人们期望运动员来充当社会英雄是一种误导。

It’s misguided for society to look to athletes for its heroes.

Unit 6

1.在说不定的某个时候,我们大家都曾充当过疑病症患者的角色。

At some time or other, all of us have played the part of a hypochondriac.

2.然而对疾病的恐惧并非我们唯一的恐惧。同样患病的危险也并非我们唯一会遇上的危险。

But fear of disease is not our only fear, and neither is risk of disease the only risk we run.

3.现代生活中充满了各种各样的威胁,诸如对我们生命的威胁,对我们未来的威胁。

Modern life is full of all manner of threats—to our lives and our future.

4.风险几乎总是一个可能性的问题而无确定性可言。

Risks are almost always a matter of probability rather than certainty.

5.上面说的这一切,只是从另一角度说明我们所做的事没有一件是百分之百安

全的。

All of this is another way of saying that nothing we do is completely safe.

6.但是即便你买得起,这笔额外的费用以及所带来的不便是否值得呢?

But is the added cost and inconvenience worth the difference in price, even supposing you could afford it?

7.关键在于要让自己了解相应的风险,然后见机行事。

The point is to inform ourselves about the relevant risks and then act accordingly. 8.风险管理需要两大要素:常识以及与我们可能要承担的风险的性质和程度相关的信息。

Risk management requires two things: common sense and information about the character and degree of the risks we may be running.

补充单词

P7 familiarity

P8 mutual

P10 tempt

P20 complex

P21 convict

P49 characterize

P51 intrigue

P53 sentimental

P68 proceed

P96 approve

P97 constitute

P99 vital

P107 allocate disregard

P108 minority

大学英语四级句子翻译

Unit1 1.我还要感谢那些在我处于困境时支持我的人。 1.My thanks go to those who still stuck by me when I fell upon dark days 2.他出版了一本通俗小说,赚了很多钱,所以有能力买新房和轿车。. 2. Now that he has published a popular novel which earns him a large amount of money, he is able to buy a new house and a car. 3.警察说,他们产生怀疑是因为姑娘的尸体上还有其他的印记。 3. The police said that their suspicions were aroused because the girl had other marks on her body. 4.你怎么能这样对他说话?是她把你养大,帮你完成学业。 4. How can you talk to her like that? She is the one who brought you up and helped you finish school. 5.尽管这些学生毕业后的道路会很艰难,但他们的前途却是光明的。 5. Hard as the road for these students after school will be, their prospects are bright. 6.为了有足够的钱来经营这个商行,他拍卖的新买的房子,损失了一大笔钱。 6. In order to have enough money to run the business, he sold his newly-bought house at auction even at a substantial loss. 7.他批评警察局长对自己的部门监管不严是完全有道理的。 7. He is fully justified in criticizing the police commissioner for poorly supervising his department. 8.为吸引外宾,这些受保护的古代建筑被修复得很漂亮。 8. These ancient buildings which are under protection have been restored beautifully to attract foreigners. Unit2 1.大多数缺铁的人并不知道他们缺铁。 1. Most people with low iron reserves don’t know they have an iron deficiency.

新编大学英语4课文翻译(包括课后文章翻译)和答案

Reading comprehension 1略 2 BDCAC AADBB Vocabulary 1. 1) A. entertaining B. entertainment C. entertained D. entertainer 2) A. recognizable B. recognized C. recognition 3) A. tempting B. temptation C. tempt 4) A. reasoned B. reasoning C. reasonable D. reason 5) A. analyzed B. analytical C. analyst D. analysis 6) A. valuable B. valuation C. valued/values D. values 7) A. humorist B. humor C. humorous D. humorless 8) A. understandable B. understanding C. understand D. misunderstood 2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority 4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice 7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction 10) a sense of urgency 3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments 4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement 7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint 9) to be the focus/center of attention 10) we buy our tickets in advance 4. 1)certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed 7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice 13) directly 14) followed 15) trouble Unit 2 便笺的力量 Reading comprehension 1略 2 FFTFTFTFTTFTFT Vocabulary 1. Creating Compound Words

大学英语四级翻译技巧

英语四级六级、三级考试翻译技巧 句子翻译的常用技巧 英语和汉语是两种差异比较大的语言,英语重形合,汉语重意合。有人把英语句子比喻为“树木丛生、干枝纠缠的树林”,脉络难析,主次难辨,而把汉语句子比喻为“枝干分明的竹林”,脉络清晰,主次易辨。翻译时,根据表达习惯,英语、汉语的句子结构有时需要进行相应的转换。英汉语复合句中主句和从句之间的时间顺序和逻辑顺序也不完全一致,因此,翻译时,也时常需要根据表达习惯,对句序进行相应的调整。恒星英语学习网现代翻译理论认为,句子是最重要的翻译单位。大学英语四级考试中的翻译题型也是以句子翻译为主。考生如果能够熟练掌握句子翻译的基本方法,那么对于处理四级考试中的句子翻译题必将是如虎添翼。本期着重介绍常用的句子翻译方法:正反、反正表达法,分句、合句法。 正反、反正表达法 由于民族文化和思维方式不同,英汉两种语言在表达同一概念时所采用的方式就有所不同。在表达否定概念时,英语和汉语使用的词汇、语法、语言逻辑就有很大的差异。汉语中有些词、短语或者句子是从反面表达的,而译成英语时则需要从正面进行表达,如例1、例2、例3。反之,汉语中有些从正面表达的词、短语或者句子,译成英语时需要从反面进行表达,如例4、例5、例6。此外,汉语还有一些特殊的句子结构,如双重否定(例7)、否定转移(例8)在译成英语时也需要引起我们的注意。 I.汉语从反面表达,译文从正面表达 例1:他提出的论据相当不充实。 译文:The argument he put forward is pretty thin. (词) 例2:我们确信,年轻一代将不会辜负我们的信任。 译文:We are confident that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust. (短语)例3:他七十岁了,可是并不显老。 译文:He was 70,but he carried his years lightly. (句子) II.汉语从正面表达,译文从反面表达 例4:他这个人优柔寡断,而且总是反复无常。 译文:He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious. (词) 例5:调查结果清清楚楚地显示病人死于心脏病。 译文:The investigation left no doubt that the patient had died of heart disease. (短语)例6:这类举动迟早会被人发觉的。恒星英语学习网https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d713972276.html, 译文:Such actions couldn’t long escape notice. (句子) III.特殊的否定句式 例7:有利必有弊。 译文:There is not any advantage without disadvantage. (双重否定) 例8:我们在那个城市从未因为是犹太人而遭受歧视。 译文:In that city,we had never suffered discrimination because we were Jews. (否定转移) From: https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d713972276.html,/CET46/CET4/fanyi/2011-08-11/151730.html

英语四级作文翻译必背50句

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新编大学英语4unit2book4听力原文和答案核对版

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大学英语精读第四册课文翻译

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2.It is a proud tradition in China to have four gene rations living under one roof. 3.Without looking up fr om her desk the teacher knew which student was beh aving badly. 4.We must carry on working if we are to finish on time. 5.I came across my friend by chance when I was le aving the supermarket. 6.My teacher’s words inspired me to work harder than ever before. 7.Protecting environment is everyone’s prime consideration.8.I realized I had left my k eys at work only after returning home. 9.By following the teacher’s advice I was able to quickly improve my English. Module 4 Unit 2 1. 多亏了每一个人的辛勤努力,表演取得了巨大的成功。(thanks to) 2. 吉姆悄悄溜进房间,没有打扰父母。(without disturbing) 3. 我宁愿为理想奋斗,不愿意放弃而他日后悔。(would rather…than; struggle for)

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课内阅读参考译文及课后习题答案(Book 4) Unit 1 享受幽默—什么东西令人开怀? 1 听了一个有趣的故事会发笑、很开心,古今中外都一样。这一现象或许同语言本身一样悠久。那么,到底是什么东西会使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑的呢? 2 我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上它的人,因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。这些学生文化差异很大,有来自拉丁美洲的,也有来自中国的。我还认真地思考过一些滑稽有趣的故事。这么做完全是出于自己的喜好。 3 为什么听我讲完一个笑话后,班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合,而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢?显然,有些人对幽默比别人更敏感。而且,我们也发现有的人很善于讲笑话,而有的人要想说一点有趣的事却要费好大的劲。我们都听人说过这样的话:―我喜欢笑话,但我讲不好,也总是记不住。‖有些人比别人更有幽默感,就像有些人更具有音乐、数学之类的才能一样。一个真正风趣的人在任何场合都有笑话可讲,而且讲了一个笑话,就会从他记忆里引出一连串的笑话。一个缺乏幽默感的人不可能成为一群人中最受欢迎的人。一个真正有幽默感的人不仅受人喜爱,而且在任何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点。这么说是有道理的。 4 甚至有些动物也具有幽默感。我岳母从前经常来我们家,并能住上很长一段时间。通常她不喜欢狗,但却很喜欢布利茨恩—我们养过的一条拉布拉多母猎犬。而且,她们的这种喜欢是相互的。布利茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母,当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时,布利茨恩就故意把她卧室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室,并在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去,一直逗到外祖母忍不住站起来去拿那只拖鞋。外祖母从椅子上一起来,布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子,从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉布拉多式的微笑,无疑是在说:―啊哈,你又上了我的当。‖ 5 典型的笑话或幽默故事由明显的三部分构成。第一部分是铺垫(即背景),接下来是主干部分(即故事情节),随后便是妙语(即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾)。如果这个妙语含有一定的幽默成分,这个笑话便会很有趣。通常笑话都包含这三部分,而且每部分都必须交代清楚。如果讲故事或说笑话的人使用听众都熟悉的手势和语言,则有助于增强效果。 6 我们可以对幽默这种娱乐形式,进行分析,从而发现究竟是什么使一个有趣的故事或笑话令人发笑。举例来说,最常见的幽默有以下几种,包括了从最显而易见的幽默到比较微妙含蓄的幽默。 7 ―滑稽剧‖是最明显的幽默。它语言简单、直截了当,常常以取笑他人为乐。说笑打闹这种形式过去是、现在仍然是滑稽说笑演员和小丑的惯用技巧。它为不同年龄、不同文化背景的人们所喜爱。几乎本世纪的每个讲英语的滑稽说笑演员都曾以这样或那样的方式说过下面这则笑话。一位男士问另一位男士:―昨晚我看到的那位和你在一起的贵妇是谁?‖那位男士回答道:―那可不是什么贵妇,那是我老婆。‖这个笑话的幽默之处在于第二位男士说他的妻子不是一位贵妇,也就是说她不是一个高雅的女人。这个笑话并没有因为经常讲而变得不再那么好笑。由于这是一个经典笑话,观众都知道要说什么,而且因为大家对这个笑话很熟悉而更加珍爱它。 8 中国的相声是一种特殊的滑稽剧。相声中两名中国喜剧演员幽默地谈论诸如官僚主义者、家庭问题或其他一些有关个人的话题。相声随处都能听到,无论是在乡村的小舞台上,还是在北京最大的剧院里,抑或在广播、电视上。它显然是中国人家喻户晓的一种传统的幽默形式。 9 ―俏皮话‖不像滑稽剧那样浅显,它是因语言的误用或误解而引人发笑。我特别喜欢的一个例子是三位年长的绅士在英国乘火车旅行的故事。当火车慢慢停下来时,第一位绅士问道:―这是Wembley (温布利)吗?‖―不,‖第二位绅士说:―是Thursday (星期四)。‖―我也是,‖第三位说道,―让我们下车喝杯啤酒吧。‖我们知道上了年纪的人往往耳背,因此会把Wembley(温布利)听成了Wednesday(星期三),把Thursday(星期四)听成了thirsty(渴了),这样一来就为第三位老人的妙语做好了铺垫。 10 著名的中国漫画家和幽默家丁聪便是一位俏 皮话大师。在他的一幅幽默漫画中,一位老师说: ―你为什么一字不改地抄别人的作业?‖那位年轻的 学生回答道:―我没有一字不改地抄。我把作业上的 名字改成自己的了。‖在丁聪的另一幅经典漫画里, 一位生气的父亲问道:―告诉我,1加2等于几?‖ 儿子说:―我不知道。‖这位不耐烦的父亲接着说道: ―比方说,你、你妈妈和我,我们加起来一共是几个, 傻瓜?‖儿子得意地回答道:―是三个傻瓜。‖ 这些 故事无论是漫画还是笑话,是由演滑稽剧的喜剧演 员说还是由搭档的相声演员讲,都为各地人们所喜 爱。人们喜爱这些有趣的故事,因为它们贴近现实 生活,而且里面那些出人意料的妙语十分有趣。 11 双关语是一种更微妙的俏皮话。它使用的技巧 是利用发音相似的词或同一个词的不同意思。有些 批评家认为双关语是最低级的幽默,但我不同意这 种观点。双关语与其他形式的幽默相比需要更细 微、更巧妙的语言技巧;然而,简单的双关语甚至 很小的孩子也能利用。例如,谜语或脑筋急转弯问 题常使用双关语做铺垫、制造故事情节,而且更多 地是用在妙语部分。双关语是我最早懂得的幽默。 记得大约在五岁时我听到了下面这个谜语。一个人 问:―什么东西整个儿是黑的、白的和红的?‖另外 一个人通常猜不出来,于是问道:―我不猜了。是什 么呀?‖出谜语的人回答:―是报纸。‖如果你知道在 英语中―red(红色)‖和―read(读)‖的读音一样但 意思完全不同,答案就很明显了。 12 DOUBLE ENTENDRES (法语中的―一语双 关‖)是双关语的特殊形式, 其中的词或短语有双重 意思。两个意思往往很不相同,一个比较恰当,另 一个往往比较粗俗—但并不总是这样。我喜欢那个 关于一位中学教师和校长因看见学生在学校操场 上接吻而感到担心的故事。故事并不过火。那位教 师对学生们说;―我和校长已经决定停止在学校操场 上接吻。‖听到笑声,她意识到她没有把意思表达清 楚,于是补充说:―我的意思是不能再在我们的鼻子 下面发生接吻这样的事了。‖当然,这个解释并没有 纠正她的第一句话,反而使这个笑话的双重含义变 得更加好笑。 13 一些专业的幽默家认为如今的幽默大多缺乏 智慧,不够巧妙。他们不喜欢在幽默中过多使用有 色情意味或粗俗的语言,而且觉得大多数幽默家缺 乏创造性。的确,现在有些幽默令人震惊,但我认 为这不是幽默的过错。幽默本身是活泼健康的,它 还会继续生存下去,只因为每天都有有趣的事情发 生。一些有幽默感的人会看到听到这些有趣的事 情,并把它们编成妙趣横生、令人开心的笑话和故 事。 V ocabulary 1. 1) A. entertaining B. entertainment C. entertained D. entertainer 2) A. recognizable B. recognized C. recognition 3) A. tempting B. temptation C. tempt 4) A. reasoned B. reasoning C. reasonable D. reason 5) A. analyzed B. analytical C. analyst D. analysis 6) A. valuable B. valuation C. valued/values D. values 7) A. humorist B. humor C. humorous D. humorless 8) A. understandable B. understanding C. understand D. misunderstood 2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority 4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice 7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction 10) a sense of urgency 3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments 4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement 7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint 9) to be the focus/center of attention 10) we buy our tickets in advance 4. 1)certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed 7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice 13) directly 14) followed 15) trouble Unit 2 便笺的力量 1 我当体育编辑,最早是为蒙比利埃(俄亥俄州) 的《企业导报》工作,当时我很少收到体育迷的来 信。因此,一天早晨放在我桌上的一封来信把我吸 引住了。 2 打开来信,我看到了下面的话:―关于老虎队的 述评很不错,再接再厉。‖签名的是体育编辑堂?沃 尔夫。当时我只是一个十几岁的小伙子(为每一竖 栏写一英寸文字,稿酬总计达15美分),因此他的 话最鼓舞人心了。我把这封信一直放在书桌的抽屉 里,后来它的边角都卷起来了。每当我怀疑自己不 是当作家的料时,重温一下堂的便笺,就又会树起 信心来。 3 后来,我逐渐对堂有所了解,知道给各行各业 的人写快捷而鼓舞人心的便笺是他养成的习惯。他 告诉我说:―当我使别人充满信心时,我也感觉好极 了。‖ 4 因此毫不奇怪,他的朋友圈子就像附近的伊利 湖那么大。去年他去世了,享年75岁。电话与悼 函像潮水般涌向报社,都来自于曾经得到过他激励 (文字)的人们。 5 多年来,我努力效仿堂以及我的其他朋友,他 们关心别人,常写一些鼓舞人心的话语,因为我觉 得,他们这样做是很有意义的。在这样一个惯于冷 漠、无动于衷的世界上,这种便笺给人们带来了温 暖和安慰。我们都时不时地需要鼓励,大家知道几 行赞扬的话会改变一个人的一天,甚至一生。 6 那么,这些激励人心的便笺的作者为什么寥若 晨星呢?我猜想很多人回避写,是因为他们太看重 人们的看法。他们担心会被误解,怕别人觉得他们 自作多情或者言不由衷。还有,写也要花时间,远 不如打电话方便。 7 当然打电话的缺点是:说过的话留不住。而一 张便笺使我们的良好意愿显得更加珍贵。便笺是白 纸黑字记录在案的东西,而且我们写下的字可以反 复阅读,细细品味并珍藏起来。 8 尽管写便笺会多花一些时间,但一些非常忙的 人也在这么做,其中包括乔治?布什。有人说,他政 治上的成功在很大程度上归功于他那枝随时准备 写字的笔。这是怎么回事呢?在他整个职业生涯 中,每次与人们接触之后,他几乎都随后写封信, 内容亲切——一句赞美之辞,一行表扬的话,或一 段感谢语。他不仅写给朋友和同事,还写给萍水相 逢的人以及完全陌生的人——比如那位借伞给他 的人,后来收到他热情的赞扬信,感到很惊讶。 9 那些通常做作的公司高层经理们,其领导作风 只能被形容为强硬、冷漠、脱离群众。甚至这些人 也开始学习写便笺去鼓舞人心,且从中获益匪浅。 唐纳德?彼得森,福特公司的前主席,把每天写便笺 鼓励同事当作一件日常工作。该公司在80年代时 走出低谷取得成功主要是他的功劳。―我只不过匆匆 地在备忘录或信的角上写一些鼓舞人心的话,然后 传递出去,‖他说道。―每天最重要的一段时间,就 是鼓舞那些为你工作的人的那10分钟。‖ 10 ―太多的时候,‖他发表自己的看法说,―那些 我们真正喜欢的人并不知道我们是怎么看待他们 的。太多的时候,我们会以为,我并没有说过什么 批评的话,为什么非得去说好话呢?我们忘了,人 类需要正面的肯定或鼓励——事实上,我们靠这个 取得进步,获得成功!‖ 11 怎样才能写出振奋精神、温暖人心的信呢?只 要我们怀有要表示感激之情的心愿。写这种便笺的 高手都具有我所谓的―4S‖技巧。 12 1)真诚(sincere)。没人要听虚假的赞美。 13 2)简短(short)。如果不能用三句话表达出你 的意思,你很可能过火了,写得太长。 14 3)具体(specific)。赞扬一位业务伙伴―演讲

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