新初一 名词1
新初一英语个性化辅导
名词
一、名词概述
1、定义
名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它既可以表示具体的东西，也可以是表示抽象的东西。如: student 学生 apple 苹果 ruler 尺子
2、分类
专有名词普通名词
国名、地名、人
名，
团体、机构名称
可数名词不可数名词
个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词
China, Beijing…Taxi,basket
ball
Family,team
health, power
fruit, juice
二、名词的数：名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
1.可数名词：可数名词分为单数和复数。
1）单数：名词单数就是该词本身，在其前面加a或an。
Eg:a desk（一张桌子） an old desk（一张旧书桌）
2）复数：要表示一个以上概念时，要用名词复数形式
A. 规则变化见下表
规则例词
1 一般情况在词尾加-s map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days
2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加
-es
class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches,
dish-dishes
3 以-f或-
fe结尾
的词
变-f和-fe为v再加-
es
leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives,
wife-wives
加-s
belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs,
roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs
4 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，
变y为i加-es
party-parties, family-families, story-
stories, city-cities
5 以-o结
尾的名
词
一般加s
piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos,
kilo-kilos, solo-solos
“两人”“两菜”加es
hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-
potatoes, tomato-tomatoes
B.不规则变化如下
规则例词
1 改变名词中的元音字母
或其他形式
man-men, woman-women,
foot-feet, mouse-mice
2 单复数相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, yuan,
3 只有复数形式 trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses,
4 一些集体名词总是用作复数
people, police,family 5 表示
“
某国人”
加-s Americans, Australians, Germans , Greeks, Swedes, Europeans 单复数同形 Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese 以-man 或-woman 结尾的改为-men,-women Englishmen, Frenchwomen 6 合成名词 将主体名词变为复数 sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends 无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数 grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches 将两部分变为复数 women singers, men servants
2、不可数名词
air 空气 bread 面包 cloth 布 coffee 咖啡 fire 火 food 食品 fun 乐趣 gas 汽油
glass 玻璃 grain 谷物 grass 草 ink 墨水 meat 肉 money 钱 music 音乐 news
新闻 paper 纸
tea 茶 rain 雨 rice 米
sand 沙 smoke 烟 snow 雪 water 水 wealth 财富 weather 天气 wind 风 housework 家务 homework 作业
练习
1. knife-
2.map-
3. city-
4.dress-ush - 6.dish-
7. child- 8.match- 9.stomach-
10.leaf- 11.wolf- 2.dog-
13.zoo- 14.photo- 5.piano- 16.radio-
17.potato- 18.baby-
19. man-0. flower- 21.boy-
22. sheep-23.hero- 24.woman- 25.mouse-
6. peach- 2
7. Japanese-2
8.deer-
29. monkey- 30.people-
31. tooth- 32.country-
3、名词的数量表达：
（1）.可数名词的数量表达：
可数名词可用many, few, a few, a great number of, a lot of, some, enough, plenty of, one of, quite a few, several, too many, both, neither, all, 数词,hundreds of, thousands of, millions of…dozens of, scores of, a, an等修饰。
（2）. 不可数名词的数量表达：
在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法：
A.用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少。
Eg: The rich man has a lot of money．
There is some milk in the bottle．
Is there any water in the glass？
I don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice．
B.借助一个可数名词来表达，其结构为：数词＋可数名词＋of＋不可数名词。如：
一块面包__________________ 两杯茶__________________
三、名词的格
名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。
（1）. ’s所有格的构成：
单数名词在末尾加’s the boy’s father, Jack’s book, her son-in-law’s photo,
复数名词一般在末尾加’the teachers’ room, the twins’ mother, 不规则复数名词后加’s the children’s toys, women’s rights,
以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’Dickens’ novels, Charles’s job, the Smiths’ house
表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加’s Japan’s and America’s problems, Jane’s and Mary’s bikes
表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’s Japan and America’s problems, Jane and Mary’s father
表示＂某人家＂＂店铺＂，所有格后名词省略the doctor’s, the barber’s, the tailor’s, my uncle’s
（2）. ’s所有格的用法：
１表示时间today’s newspaper, five weeks’ holiday
2 表示自然现象the earth’s atmosphere, the tree’s branches
3 表示国家城市等地方the country’s plan, the world’s population,
的名词China’s industry
4 表示工作群体the ship’s crew, majority’s view, the team’s victory
5 表示度量衡及价值 a mile’s journey, five dollars’ worth of apples
6 与人类活动有特殊关
系的名词
the life’s time, the play’s plot
7 某些固定词组a bird’s eye view, a stone’s throw, at one’s wit’s end(不知所措)
【第三部分】考题精选
一、单项选择题
( )1. The _____ has two______.
A. boy; watch
B. boy; watches
C. boys; watch
( )2. The __ in our yard are very beauti
A.cloth
B. water
C.flowers
( )3. A cat has four ____ , doesn't it?
A.foots
B. feet
C. feets
( )4. There are three ____ and five _____ in the room.
A. American, Japanese B Americans, Japanese C. American, Japanese ( )5. Black often drink some _________.
A. milk
B. milks
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d714336068.html,kes
( )6. I saw many _____ in the street.
A. peoples
B.people
C.peoplees
( )7. Mum is coming,she brings me several _________.
A. strawberries
B. strawberrys
C. strawberry
( )8. The girl brushes her _____ every day before he goes to bed.
A. tooths
B. teeth
C. teeths
( )9.There______ two______ in the box.
A. is watch
B. are watches
C. are watch
( )10. The _____ are flying back to their country.
A. Germany
B. Germanys
C. Germans
( )11.The cat eats two _______ on Monday.
A.mouses
B. mice
C. mouse
( )12. Can you see _______on the plate?
A. bread
B. breads
C. breades
( )13.There are eight ______on the farm.
A.sheeps
B.sheep
C.sheepes
( )14.I can see three ________ in the zoo.
A monkeys
B monkeyes
C monkey
( )15.They come from different ______
A.countrys
B. countries
C. a country
( )16.My uncle has three _______.
A.child
B.childs
C.children
( )17.I need a pen and some _____.
A. books
B.desk
C. Chair
( )18.I wonder why ______ are interested in action films (武打片).
A. the peoples
B. people
C. peoples
( )19 The two brothers are ________.
A.policeman
B. policemans
C. policemen
( )20. How many_____do they have?
A.picture
B.pictures
C.a picture
二、用所给词的正确形式填空
1.How many________(sheep) are there on the hill?
2.There is some________(food) in the basket.
3.The baby has only two________(tooth) now.
4.There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle.
5.There are five________(people ) in his family.
6.Let's take________(photo), OK?
7.I have lots of________(tomato) here.
8.The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.
9.The________(child) are playing games on the playground now.
10.Their________(dictionary) look new.
11.I see you have a few white________(hair).
12.They are________(woman) doctors.
13.Can you give me some bottles of ____ (orange), please?
14.There are many________(fox) in the picture.
【第四部分】课后强化练习（见活页）
家长签字：
教师评语：
初一英语名词专项练习
七年级下英语京文教育出门考试卷 一、单选题、 （）1. There are some ________ on the hill. A. sheeps B. a sheep C. sheep D. sheepes （）2. Mr Black often gives us ________ by Email. A. some good information B. some good informations C. good informations D. a good information （）3. There are some new books in the school library. They are ____ books. A. child B. childrens' C. children D. children's （）4. I have worn out my shoes, so I want to buy a new ________ . A. pair B. one C. ones D. trousers （）5. Meimei's handwriting is better than any other ______ in his class. A. students B. students C. student's D. students' （）6. The hospital is a bit far from here. It's about _______ . A. forty minutes's walk B. forty minute's walk C. forty minutes walk D. forty minutes' walk （）7. How many _____ are there in your class ? A. Japanese B. American C. Australian D. Canadian （）8. I found my black cat in_____ room. A. Jim and Mike B. Jim and Mike's C. Jim's and Mike's D. Jim's and Mike （）9. How much are the _____ ? A. bread B. meats. C. potatos D. tomatoes
(完整版)初一英语名词讲解及练习
(完整版)初一英语名 词讲解及练习 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
名词 一、名词分类： 名词分为普通名词和专有名词 普通名词：表示同一类的人或物的名称，又可分为个体名词，如boy, house, insect, tiger等；物质名词，如air, snow, bread, rice等；抽象名词，如glory, honesty, failure, education等。 专有名词：表示个人、国家、地方、机构、组织等的专有名称，如Cheng Du, China, Obama, China Central Television等。 名词的两大考点：数与格 二、名词的数 1.普通名词：可数名词和不可数名词 (1)可数名词：包括个体名词和集体名词 △个体名词:表示个体的人或事物名称的词。如：teacher, student, boy, book, bag 每个可数名词都有其单数和复数形式。 A. 单数表示“一个”的概念。用名词的单数时，名词前需加 a 或 an。 如 a book（一本书）、an apple（一个苹果）、an orange（一个橘子）等。 B. 复数表示两个或两个以上的物体。如two pencils（两枝铅笔）、three weeks（三周）等。 △集合名词：表示一群人或一些事物名称的词。如：people, family, class, furniture 复数形式的构成有两种：规则名词复数形式的构成和不规则名词复数形式的构成。 规则名词复数形式的构成
不规则名词复数形式的构成
注意事项: 只能用于复数形式的名词有: clothes, trousers, pants, shoes, socks 单数名词用于复数含义: people, public, police 特殊名词的讲解： ⑴people 作“人们，人民”解时，只有复数形式，谓语动词作复数。 作“民族”解时，单复数不同，复数要在词尾加s。 There are five people in my family. 我家有五口人。 There are fifty-six peoples in our country. 我们国家有56个民族。 ⑵clothes等属于无单数形式的复数名词，谓语作复数。 例：My favorite clothes are pants. ⑶pants , shoes , glasses ,shorts，scissors等名词，由两部分构成，常以复数形式出现，谓语动词要用复数。要表示单数常用a pair of表示，此时如作主语，谓语要作单数看待。 例：Your pants are blue. This pair of pants is mine. ⑷集体名词看作整体时，谓语用单数; 指成员时，谓语用复数。 His family is a large family. 指整体 His family like animals. 指成员
初一英语名词讲解及练习
名词 一、名词分类： 名词分为普通名词和专有名词 普通名词：表示同一类的人或物的名称，又可分为个体名词，如boy, house, insect, tiger 等；物质名词，女口air, snow, bread, rice 等；扌由象名词，女口glory, hon esty, failure, education 等。专有名词：表示个人、国家、地方、机构、组织等的专有名称，如Che ng Du, Chi na, Obama, Chi na Cen tral Televisi on 等。 名词的两大考点：数与格 二、名词的数 1. 普通名词：可数名词和不可数名词 （1）可数名词：包括个体名词和集体名词 △个体名词：表示个体的人或事物名称的词。如：teacher, student, boy, book, bag 每个可数名词都有其单数和复数形式。 A. 单数表示“一个”的概念。用名词的单数时，名词前需加a或an。 女口 a book （一本书）、an apple （一个苹果）、an orange （—个橘子）等。 B. 复数表示两个或两个以上的物体。如two pencils （两枝铅笔）、three weeks （三周） 等。 △ 集合名词：表示一群人或一些事物名称的词。女口：people, family, class, furniture 复数形式的构成有两种：规则名词复数形式的构成和不规则名词复数形式的构成。规则名词复数形式的构 成
注意事项：
只能用于复数形式的名词有：clothes, trousers, pan ts, shoes, socks 单数名词用于复数含义：people, public, police 特殊名词的讲解： ⑴people作“人们，人民”解时，只有复数形式，谓语动词作复数。 作“民族”解时，单复数不同，复数要在词尾加s。 There are five people in my family. 我家有五口人。 There are fifty-six peoples in our coun try. 我们国家有56个民族。 ⑵clothes等属于无单数形式的复数名词，谓语作复数。 例: My favorite clothes are pants. ⑶ pants , shoes , glasses ,shorts ，scissors 等名词，由两部分构成，常以复数形式 出现，谓语动词要用复数。要表示单数常用 a pair of表示，此时如作主语，谓语要作单数 看待。 例: Your pants are blue. This pair of pants is mine. _____ ⑷集体名词看作整体时，谓语用单数；指成员时，谓语用复数。 His family is a large family. 指整体His family like an imals. 指成员 ⑸有的名词单复数意思不同： 例：hair和fruit 通常作单数，表示总体。 My hair is black. 我的头发是黑色的。 I like fruit .It ' s good for you. 我喜欢水果，水果对你的身体有好处。 但如果表示若干根头发或各种水果，则需用复数形式 Homer Simps on has three hairs. 辛普森有三根头发。 She likes pears, peaches and other fruits. 他喜欢梨，桃和其它水果。
初中英语名词用法讲解
一、名词的分类 名词可分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。 1. 普通名词又可分为： （1）个体名词。如：cup，desk，student等。一般可数，有单复数形式。 （2）集体名词。如：class，team，family等。一般可数，有单复数形式。 （3）物质名词。如：rice，water，cotton等。一般不可数，没有单复数之分。 （4）抽象名词。如：love，work，life等。一般不可数，没有单复数之分。 2. 专有名词：如：China，Newton，London等。 二、名词的数 （一）可数名词的复数形式的构成规则 1. 一般情况下在名词的词尾加s，如：book books，pencil pencils. 2. 以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词加-es，其读音为［iz］。如：bus buses，box boxes，watch watches，dish dishes等。 3. 以-y结尾的名词： （1）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，把y改为i再加es，读音为［iz］，如：factory factories，company companies等。 （2）以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾，直接在词尾加-s，读音为［z］。如：key keys，Henry Henrys等。 4. 以-f和-fe结尾的名词： （1）变-f或-fe为v再加-es，读音为［vz］。如：thief thieves，wife wives，half halves等。 （2）直接在词尾加-s，如：roof roofs，gulf gulfs，chief chiefs，proof proofs等。 （3）两者均可。如：handkerchief handkerchiefs或handkerchieves. 5. 以-o结尾的名词：
(完整)初中英语名词讲解及专项练习
（课时:2） 一．介绍名词含义:名词是表示人、事物、地方或抽象概念的词。 二．名词的分类： ( 人名，地名，机构 ) William，Linda, Canada，China，the United Nations, WTO 可数名词: 包括单数(只有一个) 和复数(两个以上). 不可数名词: 只有单数. 物质名词 milk， water， tea， bread，beef, meat, rice， fish， coffee，sugar， salt 抽象名词 information， friendship， knowledge， work， advice， science, news, weather 三．重点: 1. 一般情况下，加“s”. eg: books，stamps， pens， tables 2.以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的，加“es” eg: buses， boxes， foxes， watches， matches， beaches， coaches, brushes 3.以“o ”, 结尾的，加“es ”or “s ” eg: Negroes [?ni:gr??]、 heroes、 volcanoes [v?l?ke?n??]、 tomatoes、 potatoes、 radios、 pianos、 zoos、 photos、 bamboos、video 需加es的记忆技巧：黑人（Negro）英雄（hero）在火山上（volcano）爱吃西红柿（tomato） 和土豆（potato） 4.以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的，把“y”变为“i”，再加“es ”. eg: city -- cities， country -- countries， family -- families, story -- stories 5. 以“f”或“fe”结尾的，把“f”或“fe”变为“ves”。 eg: thief—thieves wife—wives life -- lives half—halves leaf -- leaves， knife -- knives，wolf – wolves, shelf—shelves, loaf—loaves 记忆技巧：贼人（thief）的妻子（wife）在她一生（life）中用半（half）片树叶（leaf） 当刀子（knife）杀死了七匹狼（wolf）然后去偷架子（shelf）上的面包（loaf）。 6）不规则变化：
初中英语初一 名词及所有格
第四讲名词及所有格 姓名：学校：年级： 【学习目标】： 1. 了解名词及所有格的定义，及其用法 2. 通过读写训练，掌握名词及其所有格的用法 【知识要点】 一、名词的概念及分类 名词是表示人、事物、物质种类、抽象概念的词，它属于一种重要的实词。名词可以从不同的角度进行分类，分类如下： 1、根据构词法进行分类： ①简单名词：man chair land water ②复合名词：farmland roommate seaside ③派生名词：argument ability greatness questionnaire 2、根据词汇意义进行分类： 专有名词和普通名词，其中普通名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。 3、根据语法意义进行分类：名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。 二、名词的数 1、可数名词的规则变化
例外Stomachs, pianos, photos, roofs, safes保险箱, beliefs信条2、可数名词复数的不规则变化
3、复合名词的复数形式 1)．一般将主体名词变为复数。 mother-in-law→ mothers-in-law岳母passer-by→passers-by过路人 looker-on→lookers-on旁观者editor-in-chief→editors-in-chie主编 2)．无主体名词构成的复合词，在词尾加一s。如： go-between→ go-betweens中间人，媒人grown-up→grown-ups成年人 3)．由man或woman构成的复合名词，两者都要变成复数。如： a man teacher→ two men teachers；a woman doctor→ ten women doctors 4、不可数名词的量的变化 1)借助单位词表示不可数名词的量 a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread a bottle of orange a glass of water（milk）a cup of tea a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice 2）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，不可数名词也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等来修饰。 The rich man has a lot of money． There is some milk in the bottle． Is there any water in the glass？ I don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice． 5、名词单、复数的特殊用法 1）有相同两部分组成的名词（谓语动词用复数） glasses眼睛, contact lenses隐形眼镜, trousers裤子, scissors剪刀, shoes鞋, socks袜子, gloves手套 三、名词所有格及其用法。 名词的格的种类
初一英语名词练习
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初一英语名词单复数练习题.
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