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小学英语动词讲解及练习

小学英语动词讲解及练

习

Document serial number【KK89K-LLS98YT-SS8CB-SSUT-SST108】

第四课时语法知识词法（3）

五、动词

这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称，其中包括be动词、情态动词、助动词、行为动词（就是我们平时总说的那种动词）。

动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法：

先用“一（量词）”（如：一个、一张等）和这个词连起来说，如说得通，一般认为是名词；说不通再用“很”去判断，就是把“很”和为个词连起来说，说得通一般就是形容词；都说不通就是动词。（目前我们学过的，以后可能不同）

1、be动词（am,is,are,）

1）am—was,is–was,are--were口诀：我用am,你用are,is用在他她它，所有复数全用are。2）肯定和否定句Iam(not)fromLondon.Heis(not)ateacher.

Sheis(not)inthediningroom.Myhairis(not)long.Hereyesare(not)small.

3）一般疑问句AmIaChineseYes,youare.No,youaren’t.

AretheyAmericanYes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.

IsthecatfatYes,itis.No,itisn’t.

4）be动词的否定形式：amnot（没有缩写形式），arenot=aren’t，isnot=isn’t。

2、助动词（do,does,）

do,does用于一般现在时，它们通常用在疑问句和否定句中。

它们的否定形式：donot=don’t,doesnot=doesn’t,didnot=didn’t。

注意：在一般现在时中，does用于第三人称单数，其余一律用助动词do；助动词do,does,后面一定要用动词原形。

3、情态动词

情态动词也是一类特殊的动词，平时我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。

我们现在学过的情态动词有：can、could、shall、should、will、would、may、

注意：情态动词后动词总是用原形。（不受其他任何条件影响）

其否定形式：cannot=can’t,mustnot=mustn’t,…注意：maynot和shallnot（无缩写形式）4、行为动词

就是我们平时上课时说的动词，表示某一动作或行为。如：sweep、live等。行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式：原形、第三人称单数+s/es、现在分词（也叫动名词）+ing、

（1）动词原形

情态动词+动词原形help+动词原形助动词+动词原形

haveto+动词原形Shallwe+动词原形祈使句动词原形开头

want+to++动词原形how+to++动词原形wouldlike+to++动词原形

Wouldyoulike+to+动原behappy+to++动词原形Let+宾格+动词原形

It’stime+to+动词原形can’twaitto+动词原形

（2）动词第三人称单数变化规则：

A、一般直接加“s”，如：play–plays,visit–visits,speak–speaks；

B、以“s”，“x”，“sh”，“ch”结尾时，加“es”，如：catch–catches,watch–watches；

C、以“辅音字母+y”结尾时，变“y”为“i”再加“es”，如：carry–carries,study–studies。

（3）现在分词（动名词）构成规则：

A、一般直接加“ing”，如：go–going,do–doing,look–looking；

B、以不发音的“e”结尾的单词，去“e”加“ing”，如：take–taking,make–making,have–having；

C、以重读闭音节结尾的词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，需要双写这个字母再加“ing”，如：put–putting,stop–stopping,run–running,get–getting,swim–swimming,sit–

sitting,begin–beginning,forget–forgetting。

be+动词ingno+动词inggo+动词ing

like+动词inglove+动词ingstart+动词ing

begin++动词ingstop+动词ing

howabout/Whatabout+动词ingbegoodat+动词in

不是祈使句，放在句子开头的动词要加ing

练一练：

一、用be动词的适当形式填空

1.What__________youdoinghere

2.Jimmy_________absentfromschoollastMonday.

3.There_________alotofpeoplehereyesterday.

4.We_________goingtogiveherthekeytomorrow.

5.SmithandI__________atthebarber’slastnight.

6.There_________atree,ativer,andmanyflowersonthepicture.

7.Thatpairofshoes______(be)new.

二、用适当的助动词填空。

1)______youlikethismagazine

2)---What______she______attheweekends---Sheusuallyplaysgameswithherfriends.

3)---What______youdolastSunday---Iwrotetomyfriend.

4)---DidyouseeaBeijingopera---No,I______.

三、用动词的适当形式填空。

（1）

I______toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.Mybrotheroften_______toschoolwithme.Welike________t oschoolverymuch.(go)

（2）Theyusually_______lunchathome.(have)

（3）

Mysisterlikes________verymuch.Sheoften_______atourschoolfestival.She_____beautifu lly.(sing)

（4）

What_____heusually______onSundayHeusually______hishomework.Look!He__________hishomewo rknow.(do)

（5）Dopeopleusually_______mooncakesatMid-

autumnFestivalYes,theydo.Doyoulike_______mooncakesYes,Ido.(eat)

(6)Iwant______apples.(pick)

四、写出下列动词的现在分词。

put__________give__________fly_________

get________dance________sit_________

run________take___________swim_________

ask___________stop__________take_________

含take的动词短语

含take的词组短语 1. take away ①带走；拿走；夺走： Take away the glasses and the tray. 把这些玻璃杯和托盘拿走。 ②拆去；移去；拿掉： I suggest you take the front porch away. 我建议你把前门廊拆掉。 ③除去；使消失；解除(病痛等)： Can these tablets take the pain away? 这些药片能止痛吗? ④(饭后)收拾桌子： You take away after dinner. 饭后你来收拾桌子。 ⑤使离开，使离去： The poor parents had to take their son away from school. 穷困的父母不得不让儿子辍学。 ⑥吃外卖： I'd like a cheeseburger to take away, please. 2. take away from ①减损；贬低；损害名誉(与from 连用)： Nothing took away from the beauty of the scenery. 什么也减损不了这景色的美。 3.take apart ①拆开；拆卸(机器等)；使…分开： The workers took the engine apart. 工人们将引擎拆开了。 4. take (sb/sth) back ①收回；拿回；退回；归还： He was not satisfied with the tape recorder,so he took it back to the store. 他对这台录音机不满意，所以他把它退回了商店。 I forgot to take back my bicycle. 我忘了把自行车取回来。 ②同意退货，同意收回(已售出的商品等)： If you find the merchandise dissatisfactory,they can take it back. 如果你发现商品不满意，可以退给他们。 ③撤回；收回(前言)；取消(诺言)；承认说错了话： He had to take back his words.他不得不收回自己的话。 ④允许…(人或物) 回去： Jane said she would take her husband back if he promised to give up bad habits. 简说如果她丈夫保证戒除恶习，她就让他回来。 ⑤使回想起；使回忆起(往事)(常与to 连用)： These pictures took me back to my childhood days. 5. take care of oneself 负责；照顾；

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动词短语动词短语汉译动词短语汉译站起sit down 坐下 stand up point to …指向play with sb./ sth. （和……）玩

play football/ basketball/ ping-pong/ 踢足球、打篮球、打乒乓球 play hide-and-seek/ five-stones/ clapping games 玩捉迷藏，五石游戏、拍手游戏 play the piano/ drums/ flute/ guitar 弹钢琴、打鼓、吹笛、 go swimming/ skiing/ skating/ shopping 去游泳、滑雪、滑冰、购物get up 起床go to bed 睡觉 go home 回家go to + city 去…… go to school/ work 去上学、上班 go to the park/ zoo/ supermarket/ /shop/ countryside 去公园、去动物园、去超市、去商店、去乡下 have breakfast 吃早餐have lunch 吃午餐have dinner 吃晚餐have firecrackers 放烟花sing a song 唱歌sing and dance 又唱又跳fly a kite 放风筝watch TV 看电视listen to CDs/ music/ the radio 听光碟、音乐、广播 hear of 听说、听到colour a picture 给画涂色paint a picture 绘画draw a picture 画画write a letter 写信tidy the room 整理房间动词短语汉译动词短语汉译 do homework 做作业finish homework 完成作业make a cake 制作蛋糕put on your shoes 穿鞋

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drink draw drinks soya milk draws pictures drinking drawing drank drew make make makes noodles makes dumplings making making made made run jump runs fast jumps high running jumping ran jumped jump ride jumps far rides fast jumping riding jumped rode

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