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Information System Development and Database Develo

Information System Development and Database Develo
Information System Development and Database Develo

Information System Development and Database Development

In many organizations, database development from the beginning of enterprise data modeling, data modeling enterprises determine the scope of the database and the general content. This step usually occurs in an organization's information system planning process, it aims to help organizations create an overall data description or explanation, and not the design of a specific database. A specific database for one or more information systems provide data and the corporate data model (which may involve a number of databases) described by the organization maintaining the scope of the data. Data modeling in the enterprise, you review of the current system, the need to support analysis of the nature of the business areas, the need for further description of the abstract data, and planning one or more database development project. Figure 1 shows Pine V alley furniture company's enterprise data model of a part.

1. Critical factors determining the planning

Planning is the key factor that organizational objectives, critical success factors and problem areas. These factors determine the purpose of the establishment of planning and environment planning and information systems linked to strategic business planning. Table 2 shows the Pine V alley furniture company's key planning a number of possible factors, these factors contribute to the information systems manager for the new information systems and databases clubs top priority to deal with the demand. For example, given the imprecise sales forecasts this problem areas, information systems managers in the organization may be stored in the database additional historical sales data, new market research data and new product test data.

2. The planning organizations set targets

Organizations planning targets defined scope of business, and business scope will limit the subsequent analysis and information systems may change places. Five key planning targets as follows:

●organizational units in the various sectors.

●organizations location of the place of business operations.

●functions of the business support organizations handling mission of the relevant group. Unlike business organizations function modules, in fact a function can be assigned to various organizations modules (for example, product development function is the production and sale of the common responsibility of the Ministry).

●types of entities managed by the organization on the people, places and things of the major types of data.

●Information System data set processing software applications and support procedures.

3. To set up a business model

A comprehensive business model including the functions of each enterprise functional decomposition model, the enterprise data model and the various planning matrix. Functional decomposition is the function of the organization for a more detailed decomposition process, the functional decomposition is to simplify the analysis of the issue, distracted and identify components and the use of the classical approach. Pine V alley furniture company in order to function in the functional decomposition example in figure 2 below. In dealing with business functions and support functions of the full set, multiple databases, is essential to a specific database therefore likely only to support functions (as shown in Figure 2) provide a subset of support. In order to reduce data redundancy and to make data more meaningful, has a complete, high-level business view is very helpful.

The use of specific enterprise data model to describe the symbol. Apart from the graphical description of this type of entity, a complete enterprise data model should also include a

description of each entity type description of business operations and a summary of that business rules. Business rules determine the validity of the data.

An enterprise data model includes not only the types of entities, including the link between the data entities, as well as various other objects planning links. Showed that the linkage between planning targets a common form of matrix. Because of planning matrix need not be explicit modeling database can be clearly described business needs, planning matrix is an important function. Regular planning matrix derived from the operational rules, it will help social development activities that top priority will be sorting and development activities under the top-down view through an enterprise-wide approach for the development of these activities. There are many types of planning matrix is available, their commonalities are:

●locations - features show business function in which the implementation of operational locations.

●unit - functions which showed that business function or business unit responsible for implementation.

●Information System - data entities to explain how each information system interact with each data entity (for example, whether or not each system in each entity have the data to create, retrieve, update and delete).

●support functions - data in each functional entities in the data set for the acquisition, use, update and delete.

●Information System - target indication for each information system to support business objectives.

2 database development process

Based on information engineering information systems planning database is a source of development projects. These new database development projects is usually in order to meet the strategic needs of organizations, such as improving customer support, improve product and inventory management, or a more accurate sales forecast. However, many more database development project is the bottom-up approach emerging, such as information system user needs specific information to complete their work, thus beginning a project request, and as other information systems experts found that organizations need to improve data management and begin new projects. Bottom-up even in the circumstances, to set up an enterprise data model is also necessary to understand the existing database can provide the necessary data, otherwise, the new database, data entities and attributes can be added to the current data resources to the organization. Both the strategic needs or operational information needs of each database development projects normally concentrated in a database. Some projects only concentrated in the database definition, design and implementation of a database, as a follow-up to the basis of the development of information systems. However, in most cases, the database and associated information processing function as a complete information systems development project was part of the development.

2.1 System Development Life Cycle

Guide management information system development projects is the traditional process of system development life cycle (SDLC). System development life cycle is an organization of the database designers and programmers information system composed of the Panel of Experts detailed description, development, maintenance and replacement of the entire information system steps. This process is because Waterfall than for every step into the adjacent the next step, that is, the information system is a specification developed by a piece of land, every piece of the output is

under an input. However shown in the figure, these steps are not purely linear, each of the steps overlap in time (and thus can manage parallel steps), but when the need to reconsider previous decisions, but also to roll back some steps ahead. (And therefore water can be put back in the waterfall!)

Figure 4 on the system development life cycle and the purpose of each stage of the product can be delivered concise notes. The system development life cycle including each stage and database development-related activities, therefore, the question of database management systems throughout the entire development process. In Figure 5 we repeat of the system development life cycle stage of the seven, and outlines the common database at each stage of development activities. Please note that the systems development life cycle stages and database development steps一一对应exists between the relationship between the concept of modeling data in both systems development life cycle stages between.

Enterprise Modeling

Database development process from the enterprise modeling (system development life cycle stage of the project feasibility studies, and to choose a part), Organizations set the scope and general database content. Enterprise modeling in information systems planning and other activities, these activities determine which part of information systems need to change and strengthen the entire organization and outlines the scope of data. In this step, check the current database and information systems, development of the project as the main areas of the nature of the business, with a very general description of each term in the development of information systems when needed data. Each item only when it achieved the expected goals of organizations can be when the next step.

Conceptual Data Modeling

One has already begun on the Information System project, the concept of data modeling phase of the information systems needs of all the data. It is divided into two stages. First, it began the project in the planning stage and the establishment of a plan similar to Figure 1. At the same time outlining the establishment of other documents to the existing database without considering the circumstances specific development projects in the scope of the required data. This category only includes high-level data (entities), and main contact. Then in the system development life-cycle analysis stage must have a management information system set the entire organization Details of the data model definition of all data attributes, listing all data types that all data inter-entity business linkages, defining description of the full data integrity rules. In the analysis phase, but also the concept of inspection data model (also called the concept behind the model) and the goal of information systems used to explain other aspects of the model of consistency categories, such as processing steps, rules and data processing time of timing. However, even if the concept is such detailed data model is only preliminary, because follow-up information system life cycle activities in the design of services, statements, display and inquiries may find that missing element or mistakes. Therefore, the concept of data often said that modeling is a top-down manner, its areas of operation from the general understanding of the driver, rather than the specific information processing activities by the driver.

3. Logical Database Design

Logical database design from two perspectives database development. First, the concept of data model transform into relational database theory based on the criteria that means - between. Then, as the design of information systems, every computer procedures (including procedures for the input and output format), database support services, statements, and inquiries revealed that a detailed examination. In this so-called Bottom-up analysis, accurate verification of the need to

maintain the database and the data in each affairs, statements and so on the needs of those in the nature of the data.

Logical database design is based on the final step for the formation of good data specifications and determine the rules, the combination, the data after consultation specifications or converted into basic atomic element. Most of today's database, these rules from the relational database theory and the process known as standardization. This step is the result of management of these data have not cited any database management system for a complete description of the database map. Logical database design completed, we began to identify in detail the logic of the computer program and maintenance, the report contents of the database for inquiries.

4. Physical database design and definition

Physical database design and definition phase decisions computer memory (usually disk) database in the organization, definition of According to the library management system for physical structure, the procedures outlined processing services, produce the desired management information and decision support statements. The objective of this stage is to design an effective and safe management of all data-processing database, the physical database design to closely integrate the information systems of other physical aspects of the design, including procedures, computer hardware, operating systems and data communications networks.

5. Database Implementation

The database prepared by the realization stage, testing and installation procedures for handling databases. Designers can use the standard programming language (such as COBOL, C or V isual Basic), the dedicated database processing languages (such as SQL), or the process of the non-exclusive language programming in order to produce a statement of the fixed format, the result will be displayed, and may also include charts. In achieving stage, but also the completion of all the database files, training users for information systems (database) user setup program. The final step is to use existing sources of information (documents legacy applications and databases and now needs new data) loading data. Loading data is often the first step in data from existing files and databases to an intermediate format (such as binary or text files) and then to turn intermediate loading data to a new database. Finally, running databases and related applications for the actual user maintenance and retrieval of data. In operation, the regular backup database and the database when damaged or affected resume database.

6. Database maintenance

During the database in the progressive development of database maintenance. In this step, in order to meet changing business conditions, in order to correct the erroneous database design, database applications or processing speed increase, delete or change the structure of the database. When a procedure or failure of the computer database affect or damage the database may also be reconstruction. This step usually is the longest in the database development process step, as it continued to databases and related applications throughout the life cycle, the development of each database can be seen as a brief database development process and data modeling concepts arise, logical and physical database design and database to achieve dealing with the changes.

3 database development of the three-tier architecture model

In this article on the front of the database development process mentioned in the interpretation of a system development project on the establishment of the several different, but related database view or model:

●conceptual model (in the analysis stage of the establishment).

●external model or user view (in the analysis phase and the establishment of logical design phase).

●physical model or internal model (in the physical design phase of the establishment). Concept models on the full database structure, has nothing to do with the technical specifications. Conceptual model definition do not involve the entire database data stored in the computer how the secondary memory. Usually, the conceptual model by entities - links (E-R) map or object modeling symbols such a graphical format to describe, we have this type of concept model called the data model. In addition, the conceptual model specification as a metadata stored in the database or data dictionary.

Physical models including conceptual model of how data stored in computer memory in the two specifications. Analysts and the database design is as important to the physical database (physical mode) definition, it provides information on the distribution and management of data storage and access of the physical memory space of two full database technology specifications.

Database development and database technology database is among the three models divided into basis. Database development projects may have a role to only deal with these three views of a related work. For example, a beginner may be designed for one or more procedures external model, and an experienced developer will design the physical model or conceptual model. Database design issues at different levels are quite different.

4 three-tier structure of the database positioning system

Obviously, all the good things in the database are, and the "three"!

When designing a database, you have to choose where to store data. This option in the physical database design stage. Database is divided into individual databases, the Working Group database, departmental databases, corporate databases and the Internet database. Individuals often by the end-user database design and development of their own, just by database experts to give training and advice to help, it only contains individual end-users interested in the data. Sometimes, personal database from the database or enterprise Working Group extracted from the database, such circumstances database prepared by some experts from the regular routine to create local database. Sector Working Group database and the database is often the end-user, business experts and the central database system experts development. The collaborative work of these officers is necessary because in the design of the database to be shared by a large number of issues weigh: processing speed, ease of use, data definition differences and other similar problems. Due to corporate databases and the Internet database broad impact, large-scale, it is normally concentrated in the database development team has received professional training to develop a database of experts.

1. Customers layer

A desktop or notebook also known as that layer, which specialized management user interface and system localization data in this layer can be implemented on the Web scripting tasks.

2. Server / Web server

HTTP protocol handling, scripting tasks, the implementation of computing and provide data access, the layer known as processing services layer.

3. Enterprise Server (Minicomputer or mainframe) layer

The implementation of complex computing and inter-organizational management from multiple data sources of data integration, also known as data services layer.

In an organization, hierarchical database and information system architecture for distributed computing and the client / server architecture of the concept of correlation. Client / server architecture based on a LAN environment, including servers (referred to as database server or database engine) database software implementation from the client workstation database orders, each customer applications focus on their user interface functions. In fact, the whole concept of

the database (as well as the application of these databases to handle routine) as a distributed database or the separate but related physical database distribution in the local PC workstation, server intermediate (working group or sector) and one center server (departments or enterprises ). Simply said that the use of client / server architecture for:

●it can handle multiple processors on the same application at the same time, improve application response time and data processing speed.

●It can use each computer platform of the best data processing (such as PC Minicom Advanced user interface with the mainframe and computing speed).

●can mix various client technology (Intel or Motorola processor assembly of personal computers, computer networks, information kiosks, etc.) and public data sharing. In addition, you can change the technology at any layer and other layers only a small influence on the system module.

●able to handle close to the data source to be addressed to improve response time and reduce network traffic.

●accept it to allow and encourage open systems standards.

For database development, the use of a multi-layered client / server database architecture development is the most meaningful of the database will be easy to develop and maintain database module to the end-user and that the contents of the database information system module separated. That routine can be used as PowerBuilder, Java, and Visual Basic language to provide this easy-to-use graphical user interface. Through middleware that routine interaction between layers can be passed to access routine, the routine visit to the necessary data and analysis of these data in order to form the required information. As a database developers and programmers, you can in this three-tier level of any of the work, developing the necessary software.

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多媒体数据压缩实验报告

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青贮池、氨化池、贮粪场、粪污处理设施、装牛台等设施,但生活区、生产区的划分不很明显,牛舍一般为单列式,每栋6-12间,为1-2户所有,1-2间为饲料室和宿舍,其余为牛舍。每间牛舍饲养3-5头,基础牛舍、产犊舍、犊牛培育舍、育成牛舍和育肥牛舍的划分不明显。青贮池和氨化池由各养牛户按饲养规模集资建设,一般二池合一,这样既可节约投资,又可提高设备的利用率。青贮池和氨化池一般位于牛舍的两侧,便于取料。 四、小区牛舍的建筑:肉牛养殖小区牛舍的建筑也与规模化牛场相似,但要求较低,可充分利用当地的材料,以降低建筑成本。在气候温暖的地区,搭建简易棚舍即可,可大量节约投资;在夏天炎热、冬季气候较冷的地区,应建造较坚固的开放式牛舍或半开放式牛舍,这样的牛舍夏天可保证通风良好,冬季用塑料布和草席将牛舍封闭起来,以便于保温。

有源带通滤波器设计

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数据快速压缩算法的C语言实现

价值工程 置,是一项十分有意义的工作。另外恶意代码的检测和分析是一个长期的过程,应对其新的特征和发展趋势作进一步研究,建立完善的分析库。 参考文献: [1]CNCERT/CC.https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d414807679.html,/publish/main/46/index.html. [2]LO R,LEVITTK,OL SSONN R.MFC:a malicious code filter [J].Computer and Security,1995,14(6):541-566. [3]KA SP ER SKY L.The evolution of technologies used to detect malicious code [M].Moscow:Kaspersky Lap,2007. [4]LC Briand,J Feng,Y Labiche.Experimenting with Genetic Algorithms and Coupling Measures to devise optimal integration test orders.Software Engineering with Computational Intelligence,Kluwer,2003. [5]Steven A.Hofmeyr,Stephanie Forrest,Anil Somayaji.Intrusion Detection using Sequences of System calls.Journal of Computer Security Vol,Jun.1998. [6]李华,刘智,覃征,张小松.基于行为分析和特征码的恶意代码检测技术[J].计算机应用研究,2011,28(3):1127-1129. [7]刘威,刘鑫,杜振华.2010年我国恶意代码新特点的研究.第26次全国计算机安全学术交流会论文集,2011,(09). [8]IDIKA N,MATHUR A P.A Survey of Malware Detection Techniques [R].Tehnical Report,Department of Computer Science,Purdue University,2007. 0引言 现有的压缩算法有很多种,但是都存在一定的局限性,比如:LZw [1]。主要是针对数据量较大的图像之类的进行压缩,不适合对简单报文的压缩。比如说,传输中有长度限制的数据,而实际传输的数据大于限制传输的数据长度,总体数据长度在100字节左右,此时使用一些流行算法反而达不到压缩的目的,甚至增大数据的长度。本文假设该批数据为纯数字数据,实现压缩并解压缩算法。 1数据压缩概念 数据压缩是指在不丢失信息的前提下,缩减数据量以减少存储空间,提高其传输、存储和处理效率的一种技术方法。或按照一定的算法对数据进行重新组织,减少数据的冗余和存储的空间。常用的压缩方式[2,3]有统计编码、预测编码、变换编码和混合编码等。统计编码包含哈夫曼编码、算术编码、游程编码、字典编码等。 2常见几种压缩算法的比较2.1霍夫曼编码压缩[4]:也是一种常用的压缩方法。其基本原理是频繁使用的数据用较短的代码代替,很少使用 的数据用较长的代码代替,每个数据的代码各不相同。这些代码都是二进制码,且码的长度是可变的。 2.2LZW 压缩方法[5,6]:LZW 压缩技术比其它大多数压缩技术都复杂,压缩效率也较高。其基本原理是把每一个第一次出现的字符串用一个数值来编码,在还原程序中再将这个数值还成原来的字符串,如用数值0x100代替字符串ccddeee"这样每当出现该字符串时,都用0x100代替,起到了压缩的作用。 3简单报文数据压缩算法及实现 3.1算法的基本思想数字0-9在内存中占用的位最 大为4bit , 而一个字节有8个bit ,显然一个字节至少可以保存两个数字,而一个字符型的数字在内存中是占用一个字节的,那么就可以实现2:1的压缩,压缩算法有几种,比如,一个自己的高四位保存一个数字,低四位保存另外一个数字,或者,一组数字字符可以转换为一个n 字节的数值。N 为C 语言某种数值类型的所占的字节长度,本文讨论后一种算法的实现。 3.2算法步骤 ①确定一种C 语言的数值类型。 —————————————————————— —作者简介:安建梅(1981-),女,山西忻州人,助理实验室,研究方 向为软件开发与软交换技术;季松华(1978-),男,江苏 南通人,高级软件工程师,研究方向为软件开发。 数据快速压缩算法的研究以及C 语言实现 The Study of Data Compression and Encryption Algorithm and Realization with C Language 安建梅①AN Jian-mei ;季松华②JI Song-hua (①重庆文理学院软件工程学院,永川402160;②中信网络科技股份有限公司,重庆400000)(①The Software Engineering Institute of Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences ,Chongqing 402160,China ; ②CITIC Application Service Provider Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 400000,China ) 摘要:压缩算法有很多种,但是对需要压缩到一定长度的简单的报文进行处理时,现有的算法不仅达不到目的,并且变得复杂, 本文针对目前一些企业的需要,实现了对简单报文的压缩加密,此算法不仅可以快速对几十上百位的数据进行压缩,而且通过不断 的优化,解决了由于各种情况引发的解密错误,在解密的过程中不会出现任何差错。 Abstract:Although,there are many kinds of compression algorithm,the need for encryption and compression of a length of a simple message processing,the existing algorithm is not only counterproductive,but also complicated.To some enterprises need,this paper realizes the simple message of compression and encryption.This algorithm can not only fast for tens of hundreds of data compression,but also,solve the various conditions triggered by decryption errors through continuous optimization;therefore,the decryption process does not appear in any error. 关键词:压缩;解压缩;数字字符;简单报文Key words:compression ;decompression ;encryption ;message 中图分类号:TP39文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-4311(2012)35-0192-02 ·192·

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