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我总结了一下这三个版本的机经

我总结了一下这三个版本的机经
我总结了一下这三个版本的机经

我总结了一下这三个版本的机经

三个版本都包含的为红色

只有王京竹+tpo小站包含的为绿色

只有王京竹+未知的为紫色

其余黑色

(顺序是按王京竹版本)

20090403NA

阅读

1.英国工业发展时期灰蛾子和黑娥子的数量的增减。污染严重—树木变黑—黑娥子隐蔽效果变好—灰蛾

子被吃得多,理论来自涉及到一个科学家的实验和数据采集。学术界关于这个该是有争议的,所以作者使出杀手锏:1965年英国通过环保法案以后,灰蛾子的数量又上来了。预示科学家的理论就从反向得到证实。

2.生物的多样性。关于不同纬度对生物多样性的分析,其中重要的理论:从赤道到两极点,

生物多样性逐步下降。里面谈到海洋里的对比不强烈,因为温差只是在上面几十米,下面都是一个样的黑和冷,所以作者认为海洋多样性不是由光照和温度产生的。另外一个问题是多食动物generalist和专食动物specilist的区别。作者是通过季节周期性变化带来食物供应量的变化,然后食物的限制造成两种动物的不同这个方面来谈的。其中就谈到了热带区域物种丰富

3.欧洲中世纪行会制度先讲大师傅master的出道过程。然后是整个行会的排他性。接着

是行会和城邦政府怎么样由前提相互支持(垄断)到后来政府看中垄断的大面包于是插手进来分一杯羹的。除了政府以外,另一个行会的另一个强劲对手是城外不受法律约束而且拥有廉价劳动力的个体企业。后来行会竞争不过,成本拼不过,价格当然也拼不过,同时又遇到一些供应上的困难。还有,他们自己本身也有矛盾,主要是master们有些很有野心,想要扩张。所以简单说就是内忧外患关于guild这群人在当时社会所扮演的角色:统一培训统一生产统一equality & antonomy。但是该机制受到以下3种因素的挑战1.

oversupply of labor 2.illegal competition at lower price 3 difference of wealth in guild group

听力

1.学生要少一点的meal plan,然后讲到他freshman的meal plan太多(他父母给办的,阿

姨说第一年的学生的父母都是这样的,这里有考阿姨认为父母怎么怎么)还剩下70顿没吃,问是不是refund或者是加到下个plan里,阿姨说了不行,然后建议带同学来吃消耗掉,男同学很郁闷说他的同学估计也跟他一样有剩下的,他找不到人来吃,还说如果不吃掉的话很浪费钱,然后阿姨说那没办法了,要么去找dean说说,学生更郁闷了,说现在要放假了我要准备考试还要pack东西,没时间(有考题)。

2.学生跟一个clerk还是什么的人说话,clerk说谢谢他来干什么(有题,问clerk叫学生来

干嘛)然后就说到学生组织的一个会议还是什么东西,说饭很好吃啊,学生说是啊,也很便宜,他选择便宜的那个但是是international的,还有讲到经费问题,他的budget不够,然后说他最后找人搞定了。

3.英国巨石阵和10km以外的另一个古迹x比较事实:两个东西一个石头一个木头,都有

小路通往近处的一个湖。核心观点:巨石阵用来严肃崇拜神灵,x用来聚会畅饮feast。

古代一个仪式的顺序:夏至的时候,feast——走到湖边——到巨石阵worship。人类学学术思想(教授提出):不要用自己本民族的文化妄自推断他民族的文化。

4.Mm没定专业,教授诱惑其选art history。Mm说我很有兴趣但是这个专业太专,不够泛;

同时我的兴趣其实来自对古希腊神话(art很多描述这个的)。教授说你可以interdisciplinary学习=文学+希腊语+艺术啊!这个好东西很多学生还不知道呢!Mm大喜。

教授说不过还得多学拉丁语,mm说不怕我高中有底子。

5. B cell的免疫效果B淋巴细胞有分辨体内细胞和体外细胞的能力(通过细胞中某一部

分),应用它则有两个功能:一是病毒侵入以后包裹并杀菌;二是记忆,下次有类似的病毒再进来的话就快速反应了。例子有三个,其中一个是cowpox牛痘用来防止天花smallpox。另外两个就不记得了,大家听到时候要记住首字母,以及这两种方法各自对应那两种病毒。最后遗憾:对感冒效力不强,因为感冒>2000种,不可能每次都像从牛痘提取天花疫苗一样提取感冒疫苗。

6.很多 artist 用lence采光帮助他们的画看起来3d。在阳光下用lence画画,阴影的地方

会更明显。然后一种布料特别难画。Focus在画后面的钟然后前面帅哥的袖子模糊

口语

Speaking

Task 1 Important thing that you learned from your parents in childhood.

Task 2 有人喜欢把时间排得很满(full schedule, more actives),有人喜欢留很多free time。你呢?

Task 3 【学校通知】:学校校报一类的东西停止发放(eliminate school newspaper),理由:

1、改为website。Students can go to computer site and read newspaper online.

2、学生写review的参与性不高(no volunteer to write news)

【学生议论】:男生反驳

理由1、inconvenient. 在咖啡馆mailbox里放着newspaper学生很容易看并且方便,放到网上就没人去看了理由2、你这样取消了学生参与就更少了。

此外建议一个:给学生付工资,那么参与的人一定多了,学校也有这个budget。(If school pay s students for writing, they can get more to write.)

Task 4 【课文要点】:人的想法和行为跟以前的experience有关。

【教授举例】:教授举例一个女生坐在公车上正想着以前学生写作业的生活,看到一个陌生男生上车坐下来写东西

那个女生就认定他一定是个学生,另外一个女生刚完成诗集编写所以她认定那个男生是作家或诗人。Task 5 【学生困难】:男人说他的paper还没写完明天要交了,但是呢又答应朋友晚上去concert。

【解决方案】:

方案1、女人说那你看完concert再写啊,人家都帮你买票了。男人说要熬夜很累而且赶出来的样子不好。方案2、女人又说那你就miss concert,男人说别人请客票都帮买票了,他怕他朋友不高兴。

Task 6 【讲课要点】:Mammals变成妈妈后会变得很勇敢很有自信。

实验场所:两种容器,一种有盖子、像下水道,另一种没有top,可以看到上面。

对象:两只rat,一个处女一个妈。

现象:处女rat胆子小只敢走有盖子那个,妈大无畏两个照走。

结论:mother rats跟non-mother rats的表现不一样,妈妈会很勇敢出去寻食,因为要feed她的baby,同时也有机会找到更safe的地方,可是non妈妈很fearful想呆在safe的地方。

Writing

综合写作北美Hohokam人突然消失于x地的原因

阅读(原因)听力(反驳原因)

过度耕种,漫灌,水中有alkali,造成soil碱化,reduce food。他们采用丰收之后休耕的做法,土地保养得很好一春又一春,rain也会wash off the alkali,再说在那以前1000年他们一直用得好好的,咋就一下没了?

砍伐一种tree,而这种tree是很多动物依赖生存的,而这些动物呢又是人依赖生存的meat。这

种树生长很快,只用木材来生火和盖房子的古人是用不完的。

战乱,跟invasive people打一仗然后估计输了就撤了,理由是由类似于工事的东西。有工事不等于

有战争,也许只是预防而已,再说没有其他关于战争的遗迹如weapon、tool留下

独立写作 The best way to improve the quality of the education in a country is to increase teachers' salaries. 20091107NA

阅读

C地的路,很神奇,小介绍一下;关于其最初的用途众说纷纭,其一说法是用来trade,然后慢慢变成政治集会和宗教聚会的场合。另一神奇之处在于有些路根本没终点,虽然现在假设路和路之间应该原来有连接,而应把它们平凑起来,但这个假设可能是错误的。这么奇怪的分布但是有一段都集中到north, 猜测north是当年spiritual的某种归属,原因在于C人的后裔现在也把North视为很重要的direction。

貌似是珠江三角洲?最初种米,没有商业化,虽然市场和产量都有增加,但增率和人口一样,因此不视为commercialism。1500之后开始commercialism。因为广州渔业的需求,改成鱼塘并种果树;因为世界各地对silk的需求(portuguese买了后卖给日本,广州和福建商人直接把silk运到manila,两种买卖都是以silver支付),果树种植改为mulberry, 因mulberry是蚕的食物。有鉴于fish pond&fruit trees 相互扶持的关系,silk产业得以顺畅扩张。

听力

half uncontious sleeping for whale and dolphin. Half of the brain will sleep for 2 hours, only 1 eye open, the contious half brain will pay attention to the environment/danger and make sure the whale come to the surface to breath. An article stating that the mother whale will not sleep for a whole month because of the infant; not necessarily true, the infant need to breath every 30 sec? and the infant has not fat yet therefore it needs to swim all the time to keep up body temprature.

某女生找老师谈话,她想改project研究方向。夏天去某native american reservation做intern,因此对其文化感兴趣,打算学他们的语言。老师问说不是project已经做了NE教育的课题,该女执意改方向;老师认为不该做大改动,建议做该native american education的课题,老师要check是否她的必修课有修完,女生要将该native american的culture和language做selectives.

女生去studio art 见某主管,了解某种古典作画方式;她个人喜爱的现代画家JJ也是用这种画法,她打算在project的最前面几分钟illustrate这个画法,询问主管可否指导;主管有一个好朋友正好来校,客座讲一堂关于该画法的可,欢迎该女生来听。

男生去图书馆想了解莎翁作品当中有多少是基于事实,多少是改动;找不到相应的资料,有某个资料v1v2可用,但本学校没有,因为需要特殊温控。其他学校有,但call过来赶不上他3天后就要交project;图书馆人员建议他参与一个pilot project,该project可以免费在网上看该男生所需要的书,但是有一个很长的questionnaire要填,有学生抱怨该问卷太麻烦;男生还是决定参加pilot project.

primary color 红蓝黄;但他们并不是完美的主色调,例如黄蓝混在一起不是很纯粹的绿,还要加其他颜色。牛顿同学提出关于颜色的光谱学说。A从心理学?的角度切入,试图找出relationship between color and emotion,未遂,但找出色与色之间的关系。B也是想找颜色和情绪之间关系,找到,并提出primary

color的理论并写信给A。A这个不要脸的家伙用了B的理论出版了一本关于颜色的书;虽然在书最后附上B的信,但是坚称they happened to find the primary color at the same time, the letter from B does not influence A.

口语

1. Descripte a thing that you always wanted to do but have not yet done it. Detail and explanations.

2. 实在想不起来

3. Coffee shop on campus plan to have live music performed by students on Friday night started next month; the store manager believed that student will largely participate in both performance and attendence for the concert. The female student would like to participate playing guitar and singing. This kind of live music in this area cost a lot; compared to that, the coffee shop provids affordable live music experience.

4. Belief perseverance. believe is based on available information; even the information is proved to be wrong, people still hold the same belief. i.e. speaker was told by his mom that if he does not wear jacket, hat, and gloves in the winter and go outdoors, he would catch the cold. When he grew up, he understand that winter is least possible to catch cold because the cold virus, the reason for getting cold, is less in winter. However, he still told his son to wear jacket, hat, and gloves before going out of the house.

5. schedule conflicts. skii trip of this weekend, however, her cousin is coming for a conference in town and would like to have dinner with her on Saturday night.

Solution 1. ask the cousin to come on Friday night instead, therefore, she can still go for the trip from Saturday to Sunday.

Solution 2. have dinner with her cousin on Saturday, and join the trip on Sunday for a couple hours.

6.freshwater eco system; 2 ways that human being cause the death of native fish; a.is by building canal, results in the coming of new fish speciies, who are predetors of native fish.

b. by cutting trees, left nothing to block the sunshine, increase the water temprature, less oxegeon, death of fish.

写作

1. Easter Island 大石像如何从interior 搬到coast; pulling, walking, rolling, lecturer 反对分别因为:没有足够人力pulling;石像底座没有损坏所以不是walking;rolling也不对因为go down the hill不可能不不搞碎石像。

2. For successful development of a country, should a government focus its budget more on very young children education rather than on universities?

20090911NA

阅读:只记得三篇了,一篇中国为什么会出现集权制的原因,三个原因。加试1:美国还是欧洲(记得不是很清楚了)城镇的发展,

加试2:是动物的站岗放哨的原因假设,一共有三个原因假设。

听力:1 学生关于定制t-恤的事情,由于颜色不记得了,所以会回来重新找管理人员,其间和管理人员聊天,谈了这次定制t恤的原因,吸引别人来关注他们的专业。

2 cabon dating的方法估测地震的发生(不确定时是只关注地震还是也关注其他的预测,听的时候注意了,有一题考到这个问题)

3 关于communication的意义,企业应该怎样有效利用沟通减少风险。

4 用什么方法追踪鸟类迁徙是吃什么和什么时候吃的问题

5学生想说服老师同意自己做一个课题并帮助自己申请实验室作研究,老师认为他选的课题太深,是研究生的课题,并且说实验室不给本科生用,但是后来同意他做这个项目并且答应帮忙看看能不能用实验室,但是让他别抱太大希望。

口语:1describe one way of life in your country has been changed and why it is beneficial

2 做事是喜欢刚开始就准备还是到了due day才开始准备,原因

3关于学校要求新生参加学习小组的通知,学校认为这样做有两个好处:<1>帮助学生掌握学习技巧

<2>让学生结交新的朋友

女生不同意,认为<1> 很多学生已经知道怎么样学习,这样做会浪费时间

<2>学生都是在一个教室上课,迟早会认识成为朋友的,不需要通过在图书馆加入学习小组认识新的朋友

4动物都有maitain自己的方法,有的时候保持同一个size防止外部威胁,有的时候adjust size获取资源,然后听力里给了大猩猩的例子,他们晚上睡觉的时候都是100个左右在一起,规模基本很稳定,防止别的动物攻击,但是白天觅食的时候会分成小规模去不同的地方。

5男生因为搬家伤了后背,所以想换个工作,原来是在书店搬运重物到书架。现在有两个选择,一个是继续留在书店,当收银员,但是会合他的study meeting时间上有冲突,另一个选择是去cafeteria洗盘子,但是钱少。

6社会的稳定性有两种形式形成,一是人们从事同一个种类的工作,这样大家有共同的作息时间,共同的关注点等;另一个是从事不同种类的工作,做出不同的贡献,人们相互依赖,从而形成稳定性。

作文:综合,希腊时期传说的一个什么garden不可能存在,给出三个原因,听力中那个人一一反驳这些观点,很清楚,不难。

独立:it is only worth watching movies that can teach us something about real life,agree or disagree.

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口语学校里喜欢什么活动

艺术家要天分吗

写作同意是否:团队合作中,不能接受批评的人不会成功

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2013雅思写作机经整理

1-5 科技类同不同意题型 Some people think that people who prefer to read for pleasure will have better imagination and language skills than people who like watching TV. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 1-10 抽象类同不同意题型 The most important thing of people's life is his or her work. Without satisfying career, the life is meaningless. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 1-12 教育类利弊分析题型 In some countries, the parents expect children to spend long time in studying both in and after school and have less free time. Do you think it has positive or negative effects on children and the society? 1-19 教育类同不同意题型 Caring for children is probably the most important thing of the society. It is suggested that all mothers and fathers should be required to take the childcare courses. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the statement? 2-2 科技类+教育类双边讨论题型 Some people think watching TV is bad for children, while others think that watching TV has more beneficial effects on children. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion 2-14 工作类双边讨论题型 Some people believe that young people should be free to choose his or her job, while others think that they should be realistic and think about their future. Discuss both views and give your own opinion

13年4月雅思写作预测机经--杨涛

2013年4月雅思写作权威预测 杨涛 老师简介:杨涛,雅思核心教育组成员,6年雅思教学经验,写作预测独树一帜,自由撰稿人。独创“解构写作法”,思维缜密,见解独到,讲究实用教学法,一切从考试和实战出发,多年培养过众多的雅思高分考生,课堂旁征博引,深受学生爱戴。著有《剑桥雅思真题解析集》,《杨涛雅思写作-议论范例70篇》。 本月预测重点: 环球雅思写作主讲杨涛老师4月雅思写作权威预测,相关书籍,请参照《9分雅思写作——杨涛经典范文70篇》。未经授权,不得任何转载和出版,违者必究。

A类小作文:折线图,柱状图,饼状图 G类小作文:道歉信,邀请信 1、With the development of modern media, people believe that there is no room for teachers in the classroom. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2、In some western nations, the population aged over 65 years is increasing greatly, which leads to some social problems. What are the effects on both individuals and the community as a whole? 3、Some people believe that rich countries should provide more financial aid to the undeveloped areas. However, others believe there are other ways to do so. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion. 4、The current energy crisis requires people to discover something new and efficient such as solar system, wind and nuclear power. To what extent do you agree or disagree? What are other methods to solve this issue? 5、Facing the extinction of animals and plants, people should protect the dying species only. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 6、The charge of traveling is reducing recently, which enables more people to enjoy their vacations. What are the effects on the tourists? What problems should we prevent? 7、Some people believe that public places like the museum should be used in educative way. However, others believe that it is a good place for entertaining functions. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion. 8、Some people believe that the local government should invest money in basic facilities such as primary education and public health care. However,others think national defense is vital for the authorities. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion. 9、With the invasion of international food supply, the local agriculture is threatened in many aspects, so some people encourage that only the local food should be sold in a certain place. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

2010年雅思写作真题机经之Task2完整题目汇总

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