英语考试复习资料(汇总)
第一部分：词汇
he rolled up his sleeves to exhibit the scar.
Communication is very important in building up good interpersonal relationship(人际关系).
There are many inconsistencies in your proposal(提议),which makes it very difficult for us to understand.
Many students are quite unsatisfied with the Student Union, so it is high time to reform it
You should always stick to your own principles although there are so many temptations(诱惑).
(ignored) In order to make the experiment easier,she paid no attention to some details.
(altered) He changed his order in the last minute.
(mount) The army decided to wage an attack.
(slants) People have different opinions about this event.
(apparent)The differences between British English and American English are obvious. (stuck to)She insisted on her belief in communism when she was in danger of being killed by her enemy.
We were not in Paris at first but we flew to Athens via Paris.
You can't ignore the fact that many criminals never go to prison.
The new program is designed to tempt young people to study engineering
The army has remained loyal to the government.
My memory's not reliable these days and I always forget something.
Baggage Condition2 also requires that the transport company, authority or hotel should have been informed in writing.
(look after) I keep an eye on Buddy, in case his appearance changes.
(stop drinking) If I ever look down and see that Buddy has turned green, or he's wearing a little pair of Groucho glasses, I'll know it's time to take some kind of medical action. Such as quit drinking.
(get removed to somewhere)But my point is that because of computer weirdness, I regularly see an entire morning's work - sometimes as many as 18 words - get blipped away forever to the Planet of Lost Data.
(committing errors suddenly and unexpectedly)My computers keep having seizures, but I keep buying Windows versions, hoping I'll get lucky.
(are made soft and flat by)His shoes are squishing from the pina colade she poured on him, but he's thinking:"She's warming up to me!"
(mention all this) I bring this all up because now Microsoft has a new version out.
The girl was adopted by a farmer when she was four years old.
My parents invited their friends to their 30th wedding anniversary.
There will be occasional showers during the day.
More than two thousand fans are expected to scramble for tickets.
The males in the herd(兽群) protect the females and the young.
(give corns as food to them)Every morning and evening I feed them on corns.
(fairly)You can call' em, you know. I'm pretty good at it.
(arouse them)The slightest noise would set them off, and to our amazement, whenever I called, "kitty, kitty, kitty", they would respond, "GOBBLE GOBBLE GOBBLE".
(move arrogantly around)These "wild" birds would prance around the picnic table and perch on the porch.
(eating) So whenever I called the cats, we would have forty turkeys, fifteen deer and numerous crows munching in the yard.
(complex) Before we could answer, he pumped up his chest, twisted his fingers into some kind of complicated knot, puckered his lips and produced a loud "GOBBLE GOBBLE GOBBLE".
They plan to recruit several new members to the club next year.
Reading an English original(英文原著) is a tremendous task for beginners.
There are altogether four candidates for this presidential election(总统选举).
She had twisted her ankle (扭了脚踝) and was limping.
A well-known professor delivered a lecture on ecology yesterday in the auditorium of Nanjing University.
She won a scholarship to study in Harvard University.
(among the best 20 percent in the class) I was always in the top 20 percent of my class in middle school.
(was very sad) She was almost beside herself when she heard of the death of her husband. (were poor) By midterms my grades weren't looking good.
(keep)"Dad , I might not be able to hang on to my scholarship."
(uneducated) He is completely ignorant since he didn't even finish his elementary education. (studied the books) I sat down and cracked the books.
Does your job fulfill your expectations?
I paid 200 yuan for my MP3.
The change in climate may affect your health.
It's amazing how soon you adapted to your new boss.
Men hesitate to express their feelings of depression, anger, and fear.
It is a heany burden for those single mothers to rear their children alone.
(severe) This is a crushing failure for Tom.
(equal to) The amount of money earned is equated with the amount of success.
(add pressure to) This can put a strain on their relationship with their wives and children. (fund) How will we finance our education?
(recognition)The identification of self through work also becomes a problem when it pushes other concerns-such as family life-out of the picture.
You are unlikely to succeed unless you follow his advice.
When they found the boy in the forest, he had come to be used to the wild life there.
Never fall in love before you are prepared.
He chose a tie which would match his suit.
She spent the whole day washing and cleaning.
He whispered to his classmate in the library in order not to disturb others.
(were supposed to be together) Nothing was too much trouble. We were meant to be together. (was replaced by) As kiss gave way to the real business of living, we began to find out who we'd really married.
(couldn't spend money properly) She discovered that he was hopeless with money.
(disappointing) Those interesting and frustrating differences are really the spice of life and one of God's best ideas.
(admitted) She ate a pie the other day and confessed that it was good.
(showed our good qualities to each other) We each put our best foot forward.
The Red Cross's primary concern is to preserve and protect human life.
The present international situation is no longer manipulated by several super powers(超级大国).
A series of border incidents would inevitably lead the two countries to war.
She tried to appeal to (迎合) our emotion rather than to our reason.
Increasing the number of women in top management jobs will be a slow process.
A city built on an island is easily defensible in times of war.
(keep herself back from) She found it hard to resist the temptation of buying more things than necessary.
(Under the care of his mother)Under the watchful eyes of his mother, he finished eating the lunch.
(feel close to) As infants, we relate primarily to mother or other primary care-givers.
(is noticeable) The red house stands out against the background of green hills.
(keep an eye on) From this vantage point, we would watch for "The Enemy".
(long ago) I read that book long since, but I still remember the plot of the story.
If you have much spare time when you are on business in Japan, you can pick up some Japanese.(可以学点日语)
Although you are the leader here, you cannot lay down the rules totally according to your own will.(完全按照自己的意愿制定规则)
They succeeded by means of patience and carefulness.(通过耐心和细心)
New citizens are required to conform to the local customs.(遵照当地的风俗)
Don't bother her. She is busy writing a letter.(她正忙着写信呢)
Take the raincoat in case it rains.(以防下雨)
The printing press has been shut down for servicing.(已被关掉进行维修)
Voters are starting to warm to the idea.(喜欢上这个主意)
Shortly after she arrived home, (她到家没多久) she started preparing the supper.
The team's success was largely due to her efforts.(归功于她的努力)
To his amazement, (令他惊喜的是) Mike passed the final examination of physics.
When my sister heard that she had failed the exam again, she was beside herself.(她气坏了)
I feel sorry that you have turned down the job offer again.(又一次拒绝接受这个工作机会)
He was very shy and couldn't look me in the eye during our talk.(在我们谈话时不敢正视我) The father told his son that people should be ready to go through many difficulties in their lives.(经历人生中的许多磨难)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was regarded as a musical genius.(被认为是一个音乐天才)
These students have learned to adapt to the new environment.(适应这个新环境)
The audience responded to his speech with thunderous applause.(对他的演讲报以雷鸣般的掌声)
As a matter of fact, happiness is not equated with money.(不与金钱等同)
Because the exam is in two weeks' time, my part-time job must give way to preparation for it.(我得暂时放下兼职工作，全力准备考试了)
After many years in the field of computer science, I now finally have come to realize how
important English is.(意识到英语是多么重要了)
He pretended to be sick (假装病了) so that he could stay at home instead of going to school. The police broke into the house and found out that there were two thieves (发现有两个小偷) in the corner of the kitchen.
He acted out his promise (实践自己的诺言) by fulfilling the task in the limited time.
After her graduation, my daughter prefers to go and study in the United States.(希望去美国读书) He climbed to the top of the tower, regardless of danger. (不顾危险)
The high winds set off a lot of car alarms.(使得很多汽车的报警器响了起来)
第三部分：翻译
第一课：
A.
1、the “slant” of the news 新闻的“观点”
2、well-educated people 受过良好教育的人
3、win the day 获胜，占上风
4、旅行支票Traveler’s Check
5、乘电梯take a lift/an elevator
6、地区性变化regional variation
B.
1、他走到哭闹的婴儿身边，把她抱了起来。
She went over to the crying baby an picked her up.
2、我一直到今天仍然不明白他当时为什么那样做。
To this day,I still don’t understand why he did it then.
3、不同的人可能对于相同事件有不同的观点。
Different people may have different “slants” on the same incident.
4、结婚后，他一直试图改变她的生活方式，但是失败了。
After marriage, he had continually made attempts to change her way of life, but failed.
5、Betty Friedan是美国非常有影响的“男女平等”的提倡者。
Betty Friedan is a very influential advocate of the equality of men an women in the United States.
6、苏州话与上海话有很多相似之处。
The Suzhou dialect has a lot in common with the Shanghai dialect.
1、他成功地打败了对手。
He was triumphant in defeating his opponent.
2、你要想成功，就必须坚持自己的原则。
If you want to be successful, you must stick to your own principles.
第二课：
A.
1、emotional breakdown 情绪化的故障
2、come out with a new version 推出新版本
3、quit drinking 戒酒
4、非正常关机shut down the computer improperly
5、傲慢无礼的信息a snippy note
6、忠实的“视窗”用户a loyal Windows man
B.
1、你得注意那个穿蓝衣服的人。
You’d better keep an eye on that man in blue.
2、学校将采取严厉措施制止学生吸毒。
The school will take strong actions against any students using illegal drugs.
3、不必说，空气，还有阳光，对我们的日常生活来说都必不可少。Air as well as sunlight is, needless to say, necessary to our daily life.
4.是反击的时候了。
It is time to fight back now.
5、我认为重要的是，至少我们是平安到家了。
My point is that at least we’re all safe back home.
6、这些事实永远可以被引述为对你不利的证据。
These are the facts that can always be brought up against you.
7、这孩子不停地问我问题。
The child kept asking me questions.
8、我明天付款给你，决不迟误。
I’ll pay you tomorrow without fail.
第四课
A.
1、pucker one’s lips 嘟起嘴唇
2、pump up one’s chest 鼓起胸脯
3、high density 高密度
4、当地人a local man
5、一大群a large flock of
6、用甜美的嗓音in a sweet voice
B.
1、我的妹妹非常依恋她那只玩具熊，到哪里都要带着它。
My sister is so attached to her toy bear that she brings it everywhere.
2、史密斯夫妇没有孩子，因此他们收养了一个孤儿。
The Smiths had no children so they adopted an orphan.
3、马克先生送了两只小狗给太太，令太太十分惊喜。
Mr. Mark surprised his wife with two puppies.
4、他偶尔抽抽烟使自己放松些。
His occasional smoking makes him a bit relaxed.
5、从树林里传来了雷鸣般的回响。
From the woods came a resounding thunder.
6、直到他开口说话，我才知道他是个外国人。
I hadn’t realized he was a foreigner until he spoke.
第五课
A.
1. the in crowd 时髦人群
2. election day 选举日
3. deliver a speech 发表一篇演说
4. 写标语write a slogan
5. 修一门课程take a course
6. 从大学毕业graduate from university
B.
1.他们吸收了几名新成员进入俱乐部。
They recruited several new members to the club.
2.第一次世界大战后，法国收回了阿尔萨斯和洛林。France won back Alsace and Lorraine after World War I.
3.他靠奖学金上了戏剧学校。
He went to drama school on a scholarship.
4.整个下午我的小弟弟一直缠着我。
For the whole afternoon my little brother hung on to me.
5.他不准备参加下一届总统竞选。
He will not run for president in the next election.
6.他的腿受了重伤，但他仍一瘸一拐地走回到营地。
His leg was severely injured but he still limped back to his camp.
第七课
A.
1. have positive self-concept 有积极的自我意识
2. put other concerns out of the picture 将其他事情置之度外
3. at the same speed 以同样速度
4. 家庭的基本开支the basic bill of the family
5. 养育孩子child rearing
6.自我感觉良好to feel good about oneself
B.
1.他们提前完成了任务。
They fulfilled their work ahead of time.
2.这座桥连接着这个岛屿和大陆。
The bridge connects the island with/to the mainland.
3.这次旅行你打算花多长时间？
How much time would you allow for this trip?
4.这所学校部分是由政府资助的。
This school is partly financed by a government grant.
5.他把子女都送进了大学。
He put all his children through college.
6.偿还债务使我们的经济出现紧张状况。
These repayments are putting a strain on our finances.
第八课
A.
1.a perfect match 天作之合/完美的一对
2.shed tears 流泪
3.sweet nothings 甜蜜的琐事/甜言蜜语
4.实实在在的生活real business of living
5.结婚纪念日wedding anniversary
6.生活的调味品the spice of ilfe
B.
1.他对诗歌艺术很在行。
He is really good at the art of poetry.
2.下星期他们要去夏威夷度蜜月。
They are going to Hawaii on their honeymoon next week.
3.经过三个月的交往，他发现她是个没有条理的人。
He found that she was a disorganized person after three months’ dating.
4.她不怕取消自己。
She is not afraid of laughing at herself.
5.玛丽承认她的确偷了那个钱包。
Mary confessed that she did steal the wallet.
6.我们注意到一种趋势，越来越多的人在家里而不是在办公室里办公。
We’ve noticed a growing tendency for people to work at home instead of in offices.
7.他打篮球是个内行。
He is an expert in playing basketball.
8.简走到她的男朋友身边，低声说了几句。
Jane walked up to her boyfriend and whispered something.
第十课
A.
1.the protection of home 家庭的保护
2.under the watchful eyes of an adult 在成人的看管下
3.爱探究的大脑a questioning mind
4.有利地形a vantage point
5.怀旧之旅a nostalgic visit
B.
1.劳拉儿时前后上过六所学校
As a child Laura was sent to six different schools.
2.我渐渐回忆起了那晚的点点滴滴。
Bit by bit memories of the night came back to me.
3.火车不可避免地被这场事故延误了。
The train was inevitably delayed by the accident.
4.音乐会后她一直在徘徊，不愿离去，希望能见到明星。
She lingered after the concert, hoping to meet the star.
5.浅色的字在深色背景的衬托下很醒目。
Letters in light colors stand out well against a dark background.
6.骑自行车的人比开汽车的人容易受伤。
Cyclists are more vulnerable than motorists.
7.对这些烟火要格外小心，稍有火星就能引起爆炸。
Do be careful with those fireworks; the slightest spark could set them off.
8.我愿意步行，不愿意骑自行车。
I prefer walking to cycling.
大学英语(本科) 18本科各专业复习资料
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ad if 命 封 线 密
A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom. B. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe. C. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely. D. Most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable. 5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To review the impact of women becoming high earners. B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism. C. To examine the trend of young people living alone. D. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships. Passage Two American dramas and sitcoms would have been candidates for prime time several years ago. But those programs －though some remain popular －increasingly occupy fringe times slots on foreign networks. Instead, a growing number of shows produced by local broadcasters are on the air at the best times. The shift counters longstanding assumptions that TV shows produced in the United States would continue to overshadow locally produced shows from Singapore to Sicily. The changes are coming at a time when the influence of the United States on international affairs has annoyed friends and foes alike, and some people are expressing relief that at least on television American culture is no longer quite the force it once was. “There has always been a concern that the image of the world would be shaped too much by American culture,” said Dr. Jo Groebek, director general of the European Institu te for the Media, a non-profit group. Given the choice, he adds, foreign viewers often prefer homegrown shows that better reflect local tastes, cultures and historical events. Unlike in the United States, commercial broadcasting in most regions of the world －including Asia, Europe, and a lesser extent Latin America, which has a long history of commercial TV －is a relatively recent development. A majority of broadcasters in many countries were either state-owned or state-subsidized for much of the last century. Governments began to relax their control in the 1980’s by privatizing national broadcasters and granting licenses to dozens of new commercial networks. The rise of cable and satellite pay-television increased the spectrum of channels. Relatively inexperienced and often financed on a shoestring, these new commercial stations needed hours of programming fast. The cheapest and easiest way to fill airtime was to buy shows from American studios, and the bidding wars for popular shows were fierce. The big American studios took advantage of that demand by raising prices and forcing foreign broadcasters to buy less popular programs if they wanted access to the best-selling shows and movies. “The studio priced themselves out of prime time,” said Harry Evans Sloan, chairman of SBS Broadcasting, a Pan-European broadcaster. Mr. Sloan estimates that over the last decade, the price of American programs has increased fivefold even as the international ratings for these shows have declined. American broadcasters are still the biggest buyers of American-made television shows, accounting for 90% of the $25 billion in 2001 sales. But international sales which totaled $2.5 billion last year often make the difference between a profit and a loss on show. As the pace of foreign sales slows －the market is now growing at 5% a year, down from the double-digit growth of the 1990’s －studio executives are rethinking production costs. 6. Which of the following best characterizes the image embodied in American shows? A. Self-contradictory B. Prejudice-free C. Culture-loaded D. Audience-targeted 7. The intervention of governments in the 1980’s resulted in __________ . A. the patenting of domination shows and movies B. the emergence of new commercial networks C. the promotion of cable and satellite pay-television D. the intense competition coming from the outside 8. The phrase “on a shoestring” (Para. 6) most probably means __________. A. in need of capital B. after a fashion C. on second thoughts D. in the interests of themselves 9. The main reason why American dramas and sitcoms are driven out of prime time is that ____. A. they lose competitiveness B. they are not market-oriented C. they are too much priced D. they fall short of audience expectations 10. American studio producers will give thought to production costs __________. A. if they have no access to popular shows B. because their endeavors come to no avail C. since bidding wars are no longer fierce D. as international sales pace slows down Passage Three How shops can exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales 1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (th at is，how ants，bees or any social animal，including humans，behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy. 2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani，a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology，described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes，also of the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that, if a certain product is seen to be popular, shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying. 3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani's supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag, a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information，and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too.
自考本科英语二复习资料
自考“英语（二）”复习资料 第一单元 1.常考单词： goal，objective，accomplish，predict，accompany，implement，tendency，achievement，argue，budget，define，entity 2. 常考词组： in the way，in part，point of view，contribute to，to apply for，in hand，to turn down 3. 常考句子： 1）A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. 2）Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance. 3）If there is no choice，there is no decision to be made. 4）For managers every decision has constraints based on politics，procedures，laws，precedents and the like. 5）For example，managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion. 6）Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is best - that is，which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals. 7）In the larger scheme of things，however，increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization. 8）Some of these objectives are more important than others，but the order and degree of importance often vary form person to person and from department to department. 第二单元 1.常考单词： escape，explode，collapse，shrink，gravity，measurement，basis，launch，convincing，companion，speculation，swallow，operate，to make use of，a great many，above all 2. 常考句子： 1）Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape. 2）The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point. 3）Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a supernova. 4）If a man fell into a black hole，he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly. 5）It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. 6）On the other hand，scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind. 第三单元 1.常考单词： weaken deteriorate debate legal request criterion ensure oppose tradition consideration disabled burden vulnerable prohibition sensitive 2. 常考词组： to debate on to make request for be opposed to to take … into account 3. 常考句子： 1）Affected with a serious disease，van Wendal was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating. 2）Van Wendel's last three months of life before being given a final，lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands. 3）The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown，it starts a nationwide debate on the subject. 4）What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven't the right. 第四单元 1.常考单词： demestic statistics diplomat exploit campaign execute convict despite de serving shelf minimum status deport 2. 常考句子： 1）There are estimated to be more than 20，000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain. 2）Of these 20，000，just under 2，000 are being exploited and abused by their employers. 3）The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much media attention earlier this year in several highly publicized cases. 4）A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder，despite protests form various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established. 5）She used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka. 6）Because she found it difficult to feed her four children，she accepted a job working as a domestic in London. 7）So if they do complain，they risk being deported. 第五单元 1.常考单词： Musician，rhythmic，distinct， consciousness，originate，readily， instrument，electronic，thereby， passive，participant 2. 常考词组： to take place to take over to take on in a sense at a stretch to serve as in advance for the sake of 3. 常考句子： 1）The new music was built out of materials already in existence. 2）Folk music，old and modern， was popular among college students. 3）They freely took over elements form jazz，from American country music. 4）With records at home， listeners imitated these lighting effects as best they could. 第六单元 1.常考单词： efficiency increasingly inst all personnel expose reduc tion completion specific s witch critical intensity s cale defective 2. 常考词组： in that in question plenty of 3. 常考句子： 1）Most of today's robots are employed in the automotive industry，where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies. 2）Robots，already taking over human tasks in the automotive field are beginning to be seen，although
(完整版)小学一年级英语期末考试试卷
小学一年级英语期末考试试卷 二、划出下列单词中的元音字母： uncle balloon mouth leaf sing ?三、正确抄写下列单词： bicycle father jump three butterfly ?四、问答句编号 1.How old are you today? No, he hasnt. 2.Have you got a balloon? She has got a taro. 3.What do you like to eat? I like to eat peaches. 4.What has she got? No, I have got a ball. 5.Has he got a swing? Im five. ?根据实际情况回答问题： 1.Whats your name? 2.How are you? 3. How old are you? 4.How many books? (4) 5.Happy New Year!
6.Happy birthday. 7.Whats your father? 8.Whats your mother? 9.Are you a pupil? 10. Are you a teacher? 11. Is your father a doctor? 12. Is your mother a nurse? 13. Do you like meat? 14. Is it blue? (No) 15. What colour is your bag? 16. What do you see? (a butterfly) 17. Is he a policeman? (no) 18. Is she a nurse? (yes) 19. Say hello to your mother. 20. Say goodbye to your teacher. 21. Come with me. 22. What is this? ( apple) 23. What is that?(kite) 24. What do you like to eat? 25. Good morning. 26. Good afternoon. 27. Hello , Im Mary.
专业英语复习资料
给出定义： 1.Higher level language A high-level programming language is a programming language with strong abstraction from the details of the computer. In comparison to low-level programming languages, it may use natural language elements, be easier to use, or be from the specification of the program, making the process of developing a program simpler and more understandable with respect to a low-level language. 2.Stateful inspection is a firewall that keeps track of the state of network connections (such as TCP streams, UDP communication) traveling across it. The firewall is programmed to distinguish legitimate packets for different types of connections. Only packets matching a known active connection will be allowed by the firewall; others will be rejected. 3. Personal productivity software 4. Metropolitan area network(MAN) A metropolitan area network(MAN) is a computer network that usually spans a city or a large campus. A MAN usually interconnects a number of local area networks (LANs) using a high-capacity backbone technology, such as fiber-optical links, and provides up-link services to wide area networks (or WAN) and the Internet. 5. Network topology Network topology is the layout pattern of interconnections of the various elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a computer or biological network. In a word network topology is the topological structure of a network. Network topologies may be physical or logical. Physical topology refers to the physical design of a network including the devices, location and cable installation. Logical topology refers to how data is actually transferred in a network as opposed to its physical design. In general physical topology relates to a core network whereas logical topology relates to basic network 6. DBMS database management system (DBMS) is a software package with computer programs that control the creation, maintenance, and use of a database. It allows organizations to conveniently develop databases for various applications by database administrators (DBAs) and other specialists 简要回答问题： 1.Give the definition and examples about computer virus. （这题书上答案不全， 需要网上搜点答案，组织成答案） DE: A computer virus is a computer program that can replicate itself and spread from one computer to another. The term "virus" is also commonly, but erroneously, used to refer to other types of malware, including but not limited to adware and spyware programs that do not have a reproductive ability. EX: For example, the CIH virus, or Chernobyl Virus, computer worm. 2.Describe the hierarchy of data organization. Data organization involves fields, records, files and so on A data field holds a single fact. Consider a date field, e.g. "September 19, 2004". This can be treated as a single date field (e.g. birthdate), or 3 fields, namely, month, day of month and year.