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商务礼仪论文英文.doc

商务礼仪论文英文.doc
商务礼仪论文英文.doc

商务礼仪论文英文

篇一:国际商务礼仪论文

浅议中西商务礼仪存在差异的原因

商务礼仪是人们在商务活动中长期形成的一种惯用形式和行为准则。它在商务活动中起着非常重要的作用。由于不同国家间文化传统的差异,世界上各个国家问的商务礼仪文化也是既有其国际性,又有其民族性。以儒家道家思想为核心的中国和以基督教为核心的西方在文化上存在的巨大差异,就必然导致中西方商务礼仪千差万别。而随着中国经济的发展,我国的国际商务活动日益频繁。国内企业要走出去,跨文化交际不可避免。对于从事国际商务交际的人员来说,了解不同文化间的差异,减少或消除因文化差异而引起的误会、摩擦和冲突,对有效地从事国际商务活动、提高交际效果具有十分重要的现实意义。

概括来讲,造成商务礼仪这种差异主要源自于世界上各不相同国家间的文化传统的差异,中西文化中不同的价值观、时间观、饮食观、语言习惯及非语言习惯等

一、价值观

价值渗透于人类生存的每一个领域,人们的思维、经历、行为都是以其价值观为基础的。“每一种文化的价值观的整体面貌都是由各种相互联系的具体的价值观组合而成的。”

在中国传统观念中,人生的价值都是体现在它的社会价

中英文论文参考文献标准格式 超详细

超详细中英文论文参考文献标准格式 1、参考文献和注释。按论文中所引用文献或注释编号的顺序列在论文正文之后,参考文献之前。图表或数据必须注明来源和出处。 (参考文献是期刊时,书写格式为: [编号]、作者、文章题目、期刊名(外文可缩写)、年份、卷号、期数、页码。参考文献是图书时,书写格式为: [编号]、作者、书名、出版单位、年份、版次、页码。) 2、附录。包括放在正文内过份冗长的公式推导,以备他人阅读方便所需的辅助性数学工具、重复性数据图表、论文使用的符号意义、单位缩写、程序全文及有关说明等。 参考文献(即引文出处)的类型以单字母方式标识,具体如下: [M]--专著,著作 [C]--论文集(一般指会议发表的论文续集,及一些专题论文集,如《***大学研究生学术论文集》[N]-- 报纸文章 [J]--期刊文章:发表在期刊上的论文,尽管有时我们看到的是从网上下载的(如知网),但它也是发表在期刊上的,你看到的电子期刊仅是其电子版 [D]--学位论文:不区分硕士还是博士论文 [R]--报告:一般在标题中会有"关于****的报告"字样 [S]-- 标准 [P]--专利 [A]--文章:很少用,主要是不属于以上类型的文章 [Z]--对于不属于上述的文献类型,可用字母"Z"标识,但这种情况非常少见 常用的电子文献及载体类型标识: [DB/OL] --联机网上数据(database online) [DB/MT] --磁带数据库(database on magnetic tape) [M/CD] --光盘图书(monograph on CDROM) [CP/DK] --磁盘软件(computer program on disk) [J/OL] --网上期刊(serial online) [EB/OL] --网上电子公告(electronic bulletin board online) 很显然,标识的就是该资源的英文缩写,/前面表示类型,/后面表示资源的载体,如OL表示在线资源 二、参考文献的格式及举例 1.期刊类 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名,出版年份,卷号(期号)起止页码. 【举例】 [1] 周融,任志国,杨尚雷,厉星星.对新形势下毕业设计管理工作的思考与实践[J].电气电子教学学报,2003(6):107-109. [2] 夏鲁惠.高等学校毕业设计(论文)教学情况调研报告[J].高等理科教育,2004(1):46-52. [3] Heider, E.R.& D.C.Oliver. The structure of color space in naming and memory of two languages [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999, (3): 62 67. 2.专著类

商务礼仪英语中英文对照讲课教案

商务礼仪英语中英文对照 篇一:商务礼仪中英对照Etiquette for Business Dinner Your image matters, especially when you're in a business environment. Whether you're going to a business lunch with your peers, recruiters, clients or partners, you need to make sure you behave appropriately. We've put together this handy guide, with tips gathered from

the business etiquette, to help make sure that someone call you out at your next business meal. Before the Meal餐前礼仪 ◇Shake hands with all present at the table. If necessary, introduce yourself. Concentrate on remembering your 与到场的客人握手s name. 'host/hostess 致意,如果需要,介绍一下自己。努力记住男女主人的姓名。◇Remain standing until host sits.在主人落座之前保持站立。 ◇Place your napkin on your lap

after everyone is seated and after your host has moved his/her napkin.在所有人落座之后,主人展开餐巾,这时你也可以将餐巾展开平铺在膝盖以上部位。 ◇Don't ask the waiter to explain everything on the menu; you will annoy others and appear indecisive.不要让侍者为你一一讲解菜单上的菜品,这样会招人讨厌而且显得你缺乏主见。◇Let the host take the lead when ordering; this will give you an idea of what to eat. If the host isn't first in line to order,

商务礼仪英语

A Study on International Commercial Etiquette and Its Significance 商务礼仪及其意义研究 学号: 身份证号: 姓名: 院系:外语学院 专业:XXXXX 年级:2008级 指导教师:xxx

CONTENTS (TIMES NEW ROMAN 小三号加黑加粗) INT RODUCTION (1) CHAPTER ONE ABCCCCCCCC (7) 1.1 Abc (7) 1.2 Abc (8) 1.3 Abc (9) CHAPTER TWO ABCCCCCCCC (11) 2.1Abc (11) 2.2Abc (12) 2.3Abc (13) CHAPTER THREE… CHAPTER FOUR… …CONCLUSION………………………………………………………. REFERENCES………………………………………………………

内容摘要 当今世界,各国之间交流频繁,礼仪之论不再局限在国内,而成了国际交往需要重视的问题。同时,不可否认的是因为各国价值观念,文化,历史背景的不同,在礼仪实践中也存在差异。没有一个统一的标准,这些差异,只有一些约定俗成的东西,大家都基本认同,在交往中共同遵守。所以从事国际交流,国际商务的人,不论是政治,经济,文化,军事哪个领域,对这些礼仪都要熟悉。 国际商务和涉外工作也已经不再是少数人的专利,而是成为越来越多人的职业选择。在这个“以人为本”的时代,如何在跨文化的交流中,尽可能地尊重他人,又充分维护自己的尊严,是一项非常重要而具有挑战意义的事情,而国际商务礼仪就是市场竞争和国际商务大环境中人们必备的一门知识。 本文对商务礼仪进行了明确的界定,对商务礼仪的内容与归属、特征与原则、功能与操作进行了系统的阐述,较为详细地论述了商务介绍与问候,迎送礼仪,宴请规则,谈判礼仪以及柬书礼仪,同时阐明了国际商务礼仪对于商务人员的重要意义。 Abstract Nowadays different nations communicate frequently. Etiquette is becoming an imp ortant issue, which is not confined only in the domestic affairs. At the same t ime, the values vary from nations to nations, so does the practice of etiquette. There is not an acknowledged standard and it is only a set of established rule s which are obeyed by all the people. Therefore, a business man should be famil iar with all the protocols in all fields, such as politics, economics, and cult ure and military.

毕业论文英文参考文献与译文

Inventory management Inventory Control On the so-called "inventory control", many people will interpret it as a "storage management", which is actually a big distortion. The traditional narrow view, mainly for warehouse inventory control of materials for inventory, data processing, storage, distribution, etc., through the implementation of anti-corrosion, temperature and humidity control means, to make the custody of the physical inventory to maintain optimum purposes. This is just a form of inventory control, or can be defined as the physical inventory control. How, then, from a broad perspective to understand inventory control? Inventory control should be related to the company's financial and operational objectives, in particular operating cash flow by optimizing the entire demand and supply chain management processes (DSCM), a reasonable set of ERP control strategy, and supported by appropriate information processing tools, tools to achieved in ensuring the timely delivery of the premise, as far as possible to reduce inventory levels, reducing inventory and obsolescence, the risk of devaluation. In this sense, the physical inventory control to achieve financial goals is just a means to control the entire inventory or just a necessary part; from the perspective of organizational functions, physical inventory control, warehouse management is mainly the responsibility of The broad inventory control is the demand and supply chain management, and the whole company's responsibility. Why until now many people's understanding of inventory control, limited physical inventory control? The following two reasons can not be ignored: First, our enterprises do not attach importance to inventory control. Especially those who benefit relatively good business, as long as there is money on the few people to consider the problem of inventory turnover. Inventory control is simply interpreted as warehouse management, unless the time to spend money, it may have been to see the inventory problem, and see the results are often very simple procurement to buy more, or did not do warehouse departments . Second, ERP misleading. Invoicing software is simple audacity to call it ERP, companies on their so-called ERP can reduce the number of inventory, inventory control, seems to rely on their small software can get. Even as SAP, BAAN ERP world, the field of

商务礼仪 英文

Business negotiations etiquette Abstract Business etiquette is a manifestation of mutual respect of conduct in business activities. Core business etiquette is an act of criteria, used to constrain all aspects of our daily business activities. The central role of business etiquette is to reflect the mutual respect between people.As business leaders identity negotiators, in business negotiations should follow the etiquette of negotiations three elements that focus on instrumentation demeanor, attention to language arts, to comply with etiquette disciplines. In the event a successful business negotiation, negotiation etiquette is not necessarily comply with the success of the negotiations decision criteria. If you violate negotiations etiquette, but it will cause a lot of unnecessary trouble, even be a threat to reach an agreement Key words:Business etiquette Business negotiations Business negotiation, which means refers to negotiate in social life, the parties to meet their needs and safeguard their own interests, the two sides properly carried out to solve a problem. Business negotiations, is the negotiation of a transaction for the realization of active buyers and sellers of goods or services on a variety of trading conditions The role of business etiquette in business negotiations 1.Regulate behavior in business dealings, people interaction, interaction, mutual cooperation. If you do not follow certain norms, the two sides on the basis of lack of collaboration. Among the many commercial specifications. Etiquette can make people understand what should be proud of what not to do, what to do and what not to do, and help determine the self-image, respect for others, to win the friendship. 2.Etiquette is an information transfer information, this information may be expressed by respected, friendly, sincere and so emotional, so that people feel warm. In business activities. Proper etiquette can get each other's goodwill, trust. Thus helps to develop their career. 3.Promote feelings in business activities, along with in-depth exchanges. The

国际商务礼仪综合作业1答案

一、不定项选择题 1. 穿着西装,纽扣的扣法很有讲究,穿( D )西装,不管在什么场合,一般都 要将扣子全部扣上,否则会被认为轻浮不稳重。 A.两粒扣 B. 三粒扣 C. 单排扣 D. 双排扣 2. 在正式场合男士穿西服要求( A B C ) A. 要扎领带 B. 不能露出衬衣袖口 C. 穿浅色的袜子 D. 领带夹应夹在衬衣的第三、四个扣子中间 3. 就座时占椅面的( B )左右,于礼最为恰当。 A.1/2 B. 2/5 C. 2/3 D. 1/3 4. 下蹲时要避免以下哪些动作?( A B C ) A. 臀部向后撅起 B. 两腿叉开 C. 两腿展开平衡下蹲 D. 臀部向下,蹲下屈膝 5. 在与人交谈时,目光应该注视对方。在整个谈话过程中,目光与对方接触累计应 达到全部交谈过程的( D ) A.20%-30% B. 30%-40% C. 40%-50% D. 50%-70% 6. 一般情况下小轿车最尊贵的座位是( C ) A.前排右座 B. 后排右座 C. 后排左座 D. 后排中座 7. 按照国际惯例正确的介绍顺序时( B D ) A.先客人后主人 B. 先男士后女士 C. 先长辈后晚辈 D. 先下级后上级 8. 一般来说,商务礼仪中应当( A )先挂断电话。 A. 打电话的一方 B. 接电话的一方 C. 哪一方都可以 D. 两方一起挂 9. 你的客户所在公司上午上班时间是8—12点,你应该( B )打电话。 A.8点整 B. 9—11点 C. 快到12点时 D. 刚过12点 10.请柬一般要提前( C )天发出。 A. 1—3天 B. 4—6天 C. 7—10天 D. 11—13天 二、填空题 1. 着装TPO原则中的TPO是英文中的Time、place、Occasion三个词的 缩写。 2. OK手势,在美国表示“同意”、“很好”的意思;在法国表示微不足道、一钱不 值;在日本表示金钱。 3. 在商务接待活动中,每辆小轿车包括司机最多只安排 5 人乘坐。 三、问答题 1.打电话应该注意哪些礼仪规范? 答:(1)选择恰当的拨打时间,以不影响对方工作和休息为宜。 (2)开始通话,先问候对方,然后主动自我介绍;电话突然中断,由主叫方立即重拨,并向对方说明。如拨错电话,应向对方道歉。 (3)通话时集中沟通主要议题,提高通话效率。 (4)结束通话时,以主叫方或尊者先挂断为宜。 接听电话: (1)拿起话筒,主动问好,然后进行交谈。如果接听较迟,先表示歉意。

英语毕业论文引用和参考文献格式

英语毕业论文引用和参考文献格式 英语专业毕业论文引用和参考文献格式采用APA格式及规。 一、文中夹注格式 英语学位论文引用别人的观点、方法、言论必须注明出处,注明出处时使用括号夹注的方法(一般不使用脚注或者尾注),且一般应在正文后面的参考文献中列出。关于夹注,采用APA格式。 (一)引用整篇文献的观点 引用整篇文献(即全书或全文)观点时有两种情况: 1.作者的姓氏在正文中没有出现,如: Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing (Taylor, 1990). 2. 作者的姓氏已在正文同一句中出现,如: Taylor claims that Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing (1990). 3. 如果作者的姓氏和文献出版年份均已在正文同一句中出现,按APA的规不需使用括号夹注,如: In a 1990 article, Taylor claims that Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing. 4. 在英文撰写的论文中引用中文著作或者期刊,括号夹注中只需用汉语拼音标明作者的姓氏,不得使用汉字,如:(Zhang, 2005) (二)引用文献中具体观点或文字 引用文献中某一具体观点或文字时必须注明该观点或者该段文字出现的页码出版年份,没有页码是文献引用不规的表现。 1.引用一位作者的文献 (1)引用容在一页,如: Emily Bronte “expressed increasing hostility for the world of human relationships, whether sexual or social” (Taylor, 1988:11). (2)引用容在多页上,如: Newmark (1988:39-40) notes three characteristically expressive text-types: (a) serious imaginative literature (e.g. lyrical poetry); (b) authoritative statements (political speeches and documents, statutes and legal documents, philosophical and academic works by acknowledged authorities); (c) autobiography, essays, personal correspondence (when these are personal effusions).

中西方商务礼仪差异论文(英文)

Abstract Business etiquette, a behavior science, is the norms in the business activities, , which plays an important role in the business communication .understanding Chinese and western etiquette and their distinctions is of great importance in promoting international business exchanges. With the changing role China played in the international exchanges, we communicate and cooperate frequently with foreigners . It is the notable position that makes us have a more normative and courteous criteria in the international business communication, especially in the business activities with westerners. This thesis ,from the international business etiquette , lays emphasis on the comparison between Chinese and western business protocol, it mainly described the general definition of business etiquette, characteristics of business etiquette, embodiment in business interactions, influencing factors (Cultural factors) of Chinese and western etiquette and the relevant solutions of the differences. The thesis let us comprehend and receive different stages of Chinese and western business etiquette , “recognition—understanding—comprehension ”,through lots of examples, aiming to help us to apply these theories into practice. The consequence of this study shows that in order to avoid the misunderstandings in business activities, especially in international business exchanges, not only should we know some basic business norms, but also we need to understand the distinctions of business etiquette mainly caused by different cultures profoundly. Key words : business etiquette norm business exchange

论文参考文献英文字母意义

J——期刊文章 N——报纸文章 M——专著 更多请看下面: 参考文献(即引文出处)的类型以单字母方式标识,具体如下: M——专著C——论文集N——报纸文章J——期刊文章D——学位论文R——报告S——标准P——专利A——文章 对于不属于上述的文献类型,采用字母“Z”标识。 常用的电子文献及载体类型标识: 〔DB/OL〕——联机网上数据(database online) 〔DB/MT〕——磁带数据库(database on magnetic tape) 〔M/CD〕——光盘图书(monograph on CDROM) 〔CP/DK〕——磁盘软件(computer program on disk) 〔J/OL〕——网上期刊(serial online) 〔EB/OL〕——网上电子公告(electronic bulletin board online) 参考文献著录格式 1 期刊作者.题名[J].刊名,出版年,卷(期):起止页码 2 专著作者.书名[M].版本(第一版不著录).出版地:出版者,出版年.起止页码 3 论文集作者.题名[C].//编者.论文集名.出版地:出版者,出版年. 起止页码 4 学位论文作者.题名[D].保存地点:保存单位,年份 5 专利文献题名[P].国别,专利文献种类,专利号.出版日期 6 标准标准编号,标准名称[S] 7 报纸作者.题名[N].报纸名,出版日期(版次)

8 报告作者.题名[R].保存地点:年份 9 电子文献作者.题名[电子文献及载体类型标识].文献出处,日期 二、文献类型及其标识 1.根据GB3469 规定 ①期刊[J] ②专著[M] ③论文集[C] ④学位论文[D] ⑤专利[P] ⑥标准[S] ⑦报纸[N] ⑧技术报告[R] 2.电子文献载体类型用双字母标识,例如: ①磁带[MT]②磁盘[DK]③光盘[CD]④联机网络[OL] 3.电子文献载体类型的参考文献类型标识方法为:[文献类型标识/载体类型标识 例如:①联机网上数据库[DB/OL]②磁带数据库[DB/MT]③光盘图书[M/CD]④磁盘软件[CP/DK]⑤网上期刊[J/OL]⑥网上电子公告[EB/OL]

英语论文参考文献精选3篇

英语论文参考文献精选3篇 英语论文参考文献精选1篇 英文及其它语种的文献在前,中文文献在后,参照以下标准执行。 期刊论文 Bolinger, D. 1965. The atomization of word meaning [J]. Language 41 (4): 555-573. 朱永生,2006,名词化、动词化与语法隐喻[J],《外语教学与研究》(2):83-90。 论文集论文 Bybee, J. 1994. The grammaticization of zero: Asymmetries in tense and aspect systems [A]. In W. Pagliuca (ed.). Perspectives on Grammaticalization [C]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 235-254. 文秋芳,2003a,英语学习者动机、观念、策略的变化规律与特点 [A]。载文秋芳、王立非(编),《英语学习策略实证研究》[C]。西安:陕西师范大学出版社。255-259。 网上文献 Jiang, Yan. 2000. The Tao of verbal communication: An Elementary textbook on pragmatics and discourse analysis [OL]. (accessed 30/04/2006). 王岳川,2004,当代传媒中的网络文化与电视批评[OL], (2005年11月18日读取)。 专著 Bloomfield, L. 1933. Language [M]. New York: Holt. 吕叔湘、朱德熙,1952,《语法修辞讲话》[M]。北京:中国青年出版社。 译著 Nedjalkov, V. P. (ed.). 1983/1988. Typology of Resultative Constructions, trans. Bernard Comrie [C]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 赵元任,1968/1980,《中国话的文法》(A Grammar of Spoken Chinese)[M],丁邦新译。英语论文参考文献精选3篇英语论文参考文献精选3篇。香港:香港中文大学出版社。 编著/论文集

英语论文参考文献格式

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