【北京科技大学2012年考研专业课真题】工程流体力学2012

北 京 科 技 大 学

2012年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

============================================================================================================= 试题编号： 842 试题名称： 工程流体力学 （共 3 页） 适用专业： 土木工程、流体力学 说明： 所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。

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一、问答题

1、解释流体质点和连续介质的概念。（4分）

2、解释系统和控制体的概念。（4分）

3、流体力学的三种研究方法是什么？并解释三种方法的相互关系。（6分）

4、说明液体和气体的粘度随温度的变化规律。（4分）

5、拉格朗日法和欧拉法的基本思想。（8分）

6、什么是定常场和非定常场，并写出定常场的学表达式。（6分）

7、什么是流线、迹线？并简述它们特点。（6分）

8、简述什么是等压面，并写出数学表达式。（4分）

9、简述什么是均匀场和非均匀场，并写出均匀场数学表达式。（6分）

10、简述什么是物质导数。物质导数表达式如下:

DN N N N N u w Dt t x y z

υ????=+++????，对其两部分进行解释。（6分） 11、写出相似准则中弗劳德（Froude ）数、欧拉（Euler ）数和雷诺（Reynold ）数的计算公式，并分别说明这三个相似准则数的物理意义。（6分）

12、管道中的流体流动根据雷诺数的不同可分为哪五个区域？其沿程阻力系数λ与雷诺数Re 和管壁的相对粗糙度d /?是否有关系？（10分）

13、请写出伯努利方程式的数学表达式，并简述其物理意义。（10分）

14、请写出直角坐标系下微分形式的连续方程的数学表达式，并解释其物理意义。（10分）

15、请写出二维直角坐标系下黏性流体微分形式的动量方程，并简述其物理意义。（10分）

二、计算题

1、如图1所示，A 、B 为两容器，容器A 装的是水，容器B 装的是酒精，重度为8 kN/m 3，用U 形水银压差计测量A 、B 中心点的压差，已知3.01=h m ，

3.0=h m ，2.02=h m ，求其压差。（10分）

图1

2、水泵装置如图2所示。水泵安装高度3=s h m ，高、低水池液面高差

200=z m 。

吸水管的管径2.01=d m ，长度41=l m ，沿程水头损失系数024.01=λ，总的局部水头损失系数61=ζ；压力管的管径15.02=d m ，长度502=l m ，沿程水头损失系数028.02=λ，总的局部水头损失系数5.82=ζ。测得水泵出口的表压强52108.1?=p Pa 。试计算水泵输水量Q ，水泵扬程H ，水泵有效功率P 。（取动能修正系数为1）（15分）

图2

3、直径d = 10 mm 的薄壁小孔口，在恒定水头H =2m 的作用下，测得收缩断面c-c 处流股直径d c = 8mm,充满10l 体积的水所需时间32.8s ，求该孔口出流

的收缩系数ε、流量系数μ、流速系数φ及局部阻力系数ζ值。（10分）

4、如图3所示，消防水龙带直径mm 201=d ，长20m l =，末端喷嘴直径mm 102=d ，入口损失5.01=ζ，阀门损失5.32=ζ，喷嘴1.03=ζ（相对于喷嘴出口速度），沿程阻力系数03.0=λ，水箱计示压强Pa 105.350?=p ，m 30=h ，

m 1=h ，试求喷嘴出口速度2v 。（15分）

图3

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