非谓语动词ing0

非谓语动词之V-ing学案

新课程标准把传统语法中的“动名词”和“现在分词”统称为动词- ing 形式。在句中可以做谓语之外的所有句子成分，包括主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。

1. 动词- ing 形式的构成:由构成。

2. 动词- ing 形式的句法功能

A．动词- ing 形式做语

①直接做主语

Playing with fire is dangerous.

(live) without an aim is like sailing without a compass.

②用it 做

为了保持句子的平衡，避免头重脚轻，在下面一些结构中，常用it做形式主语，而把真正的主语动词- ing 形式。

It is no use (try) to persuade him.

It is a waste time (argue) about it

a. It is 后接等名词。

b. It is 后接等形容词。

B．动词- ing 形式做语

做表语常用来说明主语的。

The dinner looks inviting.

His job is (deliver) newspapers.

C．动词- ing 形式做语

做定语时，放在它所修饰的名词或代词的前面,叫；放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面,叫。

a. 前置定语单个v.-ing形式做定语，一般前置。

作用有：；

a smoking room , a sleeping car ,a (walk) stick, (drink) water, drawing board, (teach) method

；

a sleeping baby, a (puzzle) question, (boil) water

b.后置定语做定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在The building being built now is a hospital. Those (wish) to join this club should sign here.

D．动词- ing 形式做语

可以充当部分的宾语，也可以充当的宾语

①做宾语

You had better avoid (go) there.

The teacher suggested (doing)the experiment in another way.

②做的宾语

A parrot learns new words by (copy) what people say.

We insisted on your leaving the place before the enemy came.

He has little hope of - (pass) the examination.

What about (go) to the park?

E．动词- ing 形式做宾语补足语

①做“致使”类动词的宾语补足语的词有:

I am sorry to have kept you waiting for me so long.

The joke set everybody laughing.

What she has told left us thinking that she experienced much when she was young.

②做类动词的宾语补足语

He saw the children playing in the yard.

I must say I don’t like to hea r you talking like that.

F．动词- ing 形式做语

可以做状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示等。

①表时间相当于一个

While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.

Turning around, she saw a car driving up.

②表原因一般位于，相当于一个

Being tired out, he could not walk any further.

Not knowing how to work out this maths problem, she turned to the teacher for help.

③表结果可扩展为一个含有。

The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable.

④表条件相当于一个

Being more careful, you can make fewer mistakes.

Knowing anything about it, I will tell you all.

⑤表让步

Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.

Admitting what you say, I still think you are wrong.

⑥表行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明

一般位于句末，可以扩展为一个。

I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.

He was walking along the street, looking this way and that.

*为了使动词-ing形式做状语所表达的时间、条件、让步意思更明确，我们可在动词-ing形式前加上适当的连词（如等）。G．动词- ing 形式做插入语

在句中作独立成分，用来表明说话人的态度

Generally speaking, the Chinese prefer tea to coffee.

Judging from this fact, he must be an honest man.

Judging from/by…Considering （that）…

Allowing for---- Taking…into consideration

Generally speaking…Properly speaking…

Frankly speaking…Concerning---

Talking of--- Supposing that… According to…

* 被动式的用法:当动词-ing形式与其逻辑主语是关系时,用被动式:

* 如果用never 否定，用

①一般式的用法:动名词一般式表示的是一般性的动作，或表示与谓语动作

发生,有时也可以表示动作发生在谓语动作:

⑴一般性动作: Working hard will produce good results.

Teaching is learning.

⑵谓语动作:

“Can’t you read?” Mary said angrily pointing to the notice. This is he computer being repaired by Tom.

⑶发生在谓语动作之:

I remember mailing the letter.

I appreciate being invited to your home.

②完成式的用法

动词-ing形式的完成式表示的动作通常发生在谓语动作，特别强调动作。

Having watered the vegetables, we began to dig the ground.

He regrets not having worked hard at school.

(give) such a good chance, how could she let it slip?

(never handle)a compute, she met with a lot of difficulties at first.

4.动词-ing形式的逻辑主语

什么是动词-ing形式的逻辑主语呢？在句子中，除了原有的句子主语之外，动词-ing形式有时需要自己的"主语"，称为动词-ing形式"逻辑主语"，或动词-ing 形式的复合结构。一般在v-ing 前加物主代词或名词所有格。在口语中，当这种结构用作宾语时，可以用宾格或名词通格代替。

1. His coming here helped us a lot.

2. Tom's escaping from the prison made trouble for the jailer.

3. Do you mind my /me smoking in the room? (逻辑主语my, 动名词smoking)

4. He insisted on Mary's / Mary staying there.(逻辑主语Mary, 动名词staying)

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