Pathogen Removal in UASB reactors
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Pathogen removal in Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB)
Reactors
Rosa Elena Yaya Beas*, Grietje Zeeman*, Marc Dengremont*, and Jules B. van Lier**,
* Sub-Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University , Bomenweg 2, P.O. Box 8129, 6700EV
Wageningen, The Netherlands
Environmental Engineering Faculty, National University of Engineering,
(E-mail: rosa.yayabeas@wur.nl; grietje.zeeman@wur.nl;shiryu_marco@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d516502957.html,)
** Section of Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Delft
University of Technology, P.O Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
(E-mail: J.B.vanLier@tudelft.nl])
Abstract
Pathogen removal in UASB reactors is generally perceived as very poor. However, the removal of
nematode eggs in UASB systems is conflictingly documented, ranging from reasonable to
excellent. Research is conducted to elucidate the pathogen removal capacity of UASB reactors
with a focus on Helminth eggs. The removal capacity applying different hydraulic conditions was
estimated by using artificial latex beads, simulating Helminth eggs. Additionally, the Helminth
eggs removal is assessed in a UASB reactor treating domestic wastewater located in Lima (Peru).
The most common Helminth eggs found in the studied wastewater were Ascaris, Trichuris and
Strongyloides. The study demonstrated that with upflow velocities exceeding 1.5 m.h-1 a Helminth
egg removal efficiency exceeding 80% is feasible. Total and faecal coliforms removal varied from
0 to 82.60%. Results show that when pathogen removal is targeted, the UASB reactor must be
followed by an adequate post treatment system for treating the remainder of Helminth eggs and
faecal coliforms.
Keywords
Pathogens, UASB reactor, sludge, helminths ova, Faecal coliforms
1 INTRODUCTION
The presence of microbial pathogens in polluted, untreated and treated waters poses a considerable
health risk to the general public. Particularly when treated wastewaters are used for agricultural
purposes, the presence of pathogenic organisms may limit its application potential. Pathogenic
organisms in wastewater are very diverse and include bacteria, viruses, protozoan cyst and helminth
eggs (see Table 1). The pathogenic organisms can be classified in 4 groups: bacteria, protozoa,
viruses and Helminths .
Bacteria are microscopic organisms ranging from approximately 0.2 to 10 μm in length. One the
most common pathogenic bacteria found in municipal wastewater belongs to the genus Salmonella.
Other bacteria isolated from wastewater include Vibrio species (i.e. Vibrio cholerae),
Mycobacterium, Clostridium, Leptospira an Yersinia species. Coliform bacteria are commonly used
as indicators of faecal contamination and the presence of pathogenic species. While coliforms
generally respond similar to environmental conditions and treatment systems as many bacterial
pathogens, coliform bacteria determinations by themselves do not adequately predict the presence
of pathogenic viruses and protozoa (Asano, 1998).
Protozoa is a collective term for unicellular eukaryotes lacking cell walls. Previously considered as
a separate phylum, protozoans are often now classified along with algae and other simple
unicellular eukaryotes in the kingdom Protista. The pathogenic protozoa of most interest in water
and wastewater are Giardia intestinalis (formerly Giardia lamblia ) and Cryptosporidium parvum.
They exist in water and wastewater as cysts (approximately 15 μm) or oocysts (from 3 to 6 μm) (Toze, 1999; Metcalf & Eddy, 2003).
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites able to multiply only within a host cell, where they are assembled as complex macromolecules utilizing the cell′s biochemical systems. From the health viewpoint, the most important human enteric viruses are enteroviruses (polio, echo, and coxsackie) (Metcalf & Eddy, 2003). Viruses occur in various shapes and range in size from 0.1 to 0.3 μm in cross-section. Of the viruses that cause diarrheal disease only Norwalk virus and rotavirus have been shown to be major waterborne pathogens. (Asano, 1998).
Helminths are pluricellular worms; they are not microbes although their eggs are microscopic and range in size from 10μm to more than 100μm. Helminths worms vary from around 1mm to several metres in length. The life cycle of Ascaris lumbricoides, a common nematode egg in domestic wastewater, illustrates well this complexity (Metcalf & Eddy, 2003). Through the blood, Ascaris travels to the heart, lungs and the bronchus tubes. It then travels to the trachea from where it is ingested again returning to the intestine. It is estimated that around 200,000 eggs per day can be excreted with the faeces of an infected person (Ellis et al., 1993). Helminthiasis diseases have different manifestations, but in general they cause intestinal wall damage, haemorrhages, deficient blood coagulation and undernourishment. Helminthiasis can degenerate into cancerous tumours (Jimenez,2007).
Table 1 Infectious agents potentially present in untreated domestic wastewater
Organism Disease Remarks / symptoms Ref. Bacteria Campylobacter jejuni Gastroenteritis Diarrhoea 3 Escherichia coli
(enteropathogenic)
Gastroenteritis Diarrhoea 3
Legionella pneumophila Legionaires’ disease Malaise, myalgia, fever, headache, respiratory
illness
3
Leptospira spp. Leptospirosis Jaundice, fever (Weil’’s diseasse) 3
Salmonella(≈2100 erotypes)Salmonellosis Food poising 3
Salmonella typhi Typhoid fever High fever, diarrhoea, ulceration of small intestine 3
Shigella (4 spp.) Shiguellosis Bacillary dysentery 3
Vibrio cholerae Cholera Extremely heavy diarrhoea, dehydration 3
Yersinia enterocolitica Yersiniosis Diarrhoea 3 Protozoa Balantidium coli Balantidiasis Diarrhoea, dysentery 3 Cryptosporidum parvum Cryptosporidiosis Diarrhoea 3
Cyclospora cayetanensis Cyclosporasis Severe diarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea, and
vomiting lasting for extended periods
3 Entamoeba histotytica Amebiasis Prolonged diarrhea with bleeding, abcesses of the
liver and small intestine
3 Guiardia lamblia Giardiasis Mild to severe diarrhea, nausea, indigestion 3 Helminths Ascaris lumbricoides Ascariasis Roundworm infestation 3 Enterobius vermicularis Enterobiasis Pinworm 3
Fasciola hepatica Fascioliasis Sheep liver fluke 3
Hymenolepis nana Hymenolepiasis Dwarf tapeworm 3
Taenia saginata Taeniasis Beef tapeworm 3
Trichuris trichiura Trichuriasis Whipworn 3
Strongyloides Strongyloidosis Epigastric pain, tenderness, diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, constipation, and weight loss
2
Viruses Adenovirus Respiratory disease Cause of self-limiting infections of the respiratory
or gastrointestinal tract.
1
Entoroviruses Gastroenteritis, heart
anomalies, meningitis Cause neurological diseases, including aseptic meningitis, encephalitis,
and poliomyelitis-like paralysis
3
Hepatitis A virus Infectious hepatitis Jaundice, fever 3 Norwalk agent Gastroenteritis Vomiting 3 Rotavirus Gastroenteritis 3
At present, the use of treated wastewater in agriculture and aquaculture is receiving growing interest. Treated wastewater is considered a valuable resource regarding its water and nutrients content (van Lier and Huibers, 2010). Using recycled water also reduces the pressures on the environment by reducing the uncontrolled discharge of polluted waters in the environment (Shuval 1990; Van Lier & Huibers, 2004; Toze 2005; Rose 2007). However, the main constraint related to the use of treated wastewaters is the presence of a large number and wide variety of pathogenic organisms in the effluent. The first group of people being exposed to these pathogens are the farmers and/or field workers. Ultimately, the health of the consumers is at stake when pathogen control is not taken seriously. However, a large fraction of the pathogens can be died off at the agricultural field by solar radiation, taking a minimum time between the final irrigation and the harvest. Solar radiation is, however, non-effective on nematode eggs, protozoa cysts, and/or bacterial cysts. Therefore, Helminth egg removal is of high importance in emerging countries like Peru, when the reuse of urban waters is considered in agriculture and/or aquaculture.
The UASB reactor technology has been selected for the current research as the optimization of its parameters are promising in terms of Helminths ova removal efficiency. Moreover it is an appropriate technology for emerging countries as it is relatively cheap, compact and it can provide public health protection, environmental protection, and resource recovery in a sustainable way (Foresti E. et al, 2006). Since the UASB system can be operated with limited or no electricity demand, it is ideal for decentralised sewage treatment. Moreover, in addition to the positive energy balance, it produces a nutrient rich effluent as well as stabilized sludge, which is produced in much lower quantities compared to conventional aerobic treatment techniques.
The UASB reactor is an anaerobic biological reactor that can remove helminth ova through sedimentation and filtration in the sludge bed (Jimenez et al, 2007). However, there are not much details known about helminths ova removal in general and especially on effect of operational conditions when using a sludge bed system reactor.
Our current research is focused on helminth ova removal from domestic sewage using a UASB reactor operated under different hydraulic conditions.
2 METHODOLOGY
Helminth ova are characterised by different sizes, shapes and physical properties, complicating the process of helminth ova removal. For this reason the study was divided in two phases. The first phase was conducted using latex beads particles and the second phase was conducted using wastewater containing helminth ova.
Source of inoculum
For the first experimental phase anaerobic dispersed sludge was taken from a primary sludge digester of the domestic wastewater treatment plant located in Ede (The Netherlands), , the total solids and volatile solids concentration was 52 and 33 g.L-1respectively.
For the second experimental phase anaerobic flocculent sludge was taken from the pilot-scale UASB reactor located at UNITRAR the domestic wastewater treatment plant from the National University of Engineering Located in Lima (Peru). The inoculum was taken from 1.5m height , the total solids and volatile solids concentration was 283 and 254 g.L-1respectively. The density of this sludge was 1096 g.L-1 .
Experiments with latex beads
First experiments were done using settled wastewater from the wastewater treatment plant of Ede (Wageningen, The Netherlands) as influent. Raw influent was pumped in a 100L tank, where it was settled for approximately a day. Hereafter, the supernatant (70L) was pumped into a second tank where it was mixed with the latex beads with a mechanical stirrer. Four identical acrylic lab-scale UASB reactors with a height of 40 cm and a diameter of 9 cm were used for the experiments. They were located in the experimental hall on the ground floor (average room temperature: 18-19°C) from the Sub-Department of Environmental Technology, from December 2008 to February 2009. Latex particles have been used in the experiments to simulate Helminth ova as their shape, size and density are very similar to common Helminthes ova (Quinzanos et al., 2008). Two types of particles were used: Latex beads Coulter? CC Size standard L20: ?=20 μm and L90: ? =90 μm with a density of 1.05 mg/L (Miami, USA). Four up flow velocities were tested, i.e. 0.3, 0.5, 1, 1.5 m/h. Experiments were done in triplicate. The four reactors were fed with exactly the same influent by means of four peristaltic pumps (2 Masterflex, UK, and 2 Watson Marlow, USA). The effluent was collected separately for each reactor in order to be able to take separate samples. Before each experiment, as suggested by Mahmoud et al. (2005), a washing phase for the sludge was applied in order to avoid the interference with other particles present in the sludge.
Experiments with helminth ova
The influent of these experiments was the influent of the domestic wastewater treatment plant located at San Juan de Miraflores (Lima - Peru). Two identical lab-scale UASB reactor made of Pyrex were used for the experiments (Figure 1). Reactor height was 125 cm and diameter 4cm. Both reactors were inoculated with 0.140 litres of sludge. They were located in the research lab of UNITRAR, with an average room temperature of 20 - 28°C in the period between December 2009 to February 2010. Experiments were done in duplicate.
For these experiments wastewater was placed in a vessel with permanent mixing using a stirrer, then it was pumped to the UASB lab-scale reactors by using 2 peristaltic pumps (Masterflex, USA). Before each experiment a washing phase for the sludge was applied: the volume of the collected effluent during the washing step equalized the reactor volume. This group of experiments were done in order to compare previous experiments. Five up flow velocities were tested, i.e. 0.39, 1.58, 2.83, 3.16 and 4.12 m.h-1. It means that the hydraulic retention time for each short term experiment was 0.27, 0.35, 0.39, 0.70 and 2.86 hours respectively.
Figure 1 Set up of the experiments
Analysis
For the experiments using latex beads particles the following methodology was developed: samples were collected in a one litre vessel, the sample was settled for two hours in a graduated cylinder of 1L, 90% of the sample is removed (i.e. 900mL) to concentrate the settled particles in 100mL, the sample is settled again for 2 hours in an graduated cylinder of 100mL, 90% of the sample is removed (i.e. 90mL) to concentrate the settled particles in 10mL, an aliquot is taken from those thoroughly mixed 10mL of sample and placed in a two chamber counting cell (Mc Master worm eggs 2 cell, Hawksley, Lancing, UK). The latex beads were counted using a macroscope (Nikon SM7800, Japan).
For experiments with helminth ova, the flotation method described by Ockert and Teichmann, WHO, IT-778, Geneva, 1989 was used. Total Coliforms were determined according to the Standard Total Coliform Fermentation Technique, APHA 9221 B (2005), Faecal coliforms were analysed according to the Faecal Coliform Procedure, APHA 9221 E (2005).Total solids and volatile solids were performed according to Standard Methods (APHA,1998). Density of sludge was measured using a Gay-Lussac-Pycnometer of 25 ml (PYREX, USA).
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Results
Experiments with latex beads
Results of the latex beads removal efficiencies are shown in Figure 2 . The three repetitions are
Figure 2 Latex beads removal efficiency as a function of the upflow velocity. Each point is the average of 4 samples. Results of three repetitions.
Figure 3 Number of latex beads removed as a function of the upflow velocity. Each point is the average of 4 samples. Results of three repetitions.
Increasing the upflow velocity leads to a decrease in the removal efficiency. At an upflow velocity of 0.3 m/h, the three runs showed that 100% removal was reached. That means that no latex beads were found out of four samples. At an upflow velocity higher than 1 m/h the removal efficiency drops under 90% for the three runs. Figure 3 shows that in all cases the number of latex beads removed per litre were higher than 2366.
Experiments with helminth ova
Results of this experiment are shown in Table 2 .
Table 2 Results of the experiment conducted with helminthes ova conducted at UNITRAR.
Flow Upflow
velocity Helminthes ova
COD Faecal Coliforms Total Coliforms (*) I E Name I E I E I E
m3/day m.h-1 Ova.L-1Ova.L-1mg.L-1mg.L-1MPN/100mL MPN/100mL MPN/100mL MPN/100mL
0.0099 0.39 2 0 T, A 748 400 9.20x107 1.60 x1079.20 x108 1.60 x108
0.0408 1.58 2 2 T,A 748 510 9.20 x1079.20 x1079.20 x1089.20 x108
0.0729 2.83 5 2 T,A,S 866 704 5.40 x107 3.50 x107 5.40 x107 5.40 x107
0.0815 3.16 5 6 A 1016 641 1.60 x107 1.60 x107 1.60 x108 1.60 x108
0.1064 4.12 5 0 T,A,S 866 585 5.40 x107 5.40 x107 5.40 x107 5.40 x107 (*): The area of the UASB reactor was 1.075 x 10-3 m2
I: Inffluent; E: Effluent; R: Removal efficency; COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand; T:Trichuris; A Ascaris; S: Strongyloides.
Results of the helminth ova removal efficiencies were analysed at different upflow velocities (Figure 4). Each point is the average of two samples.
Figure 4
velocities were 0.39, 1.58, 2.83, 3.16 and 4.12 m.h-1 respectively.
Lab results also show that the most common helminth ova present in the wastewater was Ascaris, Trichuris, and Strongyloides. The efficiency of Total and Faecal Coliforms was also analysed during the experiment with helminthes ova.Tested upflow velocities were 0.39, 1.58, 2.83, 3.16 and 4.12 m.h-1 respectively. No significant efficiency removal of both microbiological analysis. The highest reported efficiency was 82.61% for an upflow velocity of 0.39 m.h-1 showing a decrease of one log of the reported value in the influent concentration. Other velocities showed values below 40%.
Discussion
Both, the result of the experiment using latex beads and those using helminth ova show a negative relation between the applied upflow velocity and Helminth ova removal efficiency. For upflow velocities less than 1.5 m/h the achieved helminth ova removal will be higher than 80%. In addition, it was observed that the density of the used sludge of 1096 g.L-1was very close to the density of helminth ova, which varies from 1050 g.L-1to 1150 g.L-1(Jimenez, 2007) therefore, it is possible that helminth ova and sludge stay in the same layer inside the UASB reactor, but the achieved equilibrium can be affected by the upflow velocity, water temperature and the helminth ova's present in the wastewater.
Results from the domestic sewage measurements in Lima show that there are mainly three kinds of Helminth ova in the wastewater:Ascaris, Trichuris and Strongyloides. In addition to upflow velocity, other factors could also affect the efficiency of this ova filtration capacity of the UASB sludges like density and shape of particular helminthes ova, and sludge characteristics. The presence of extracellular polymeric compounds might be relevant in ova filtration and depends on the applied sludge retention times. (Mahmoud et al, 2006).
Ascaris was the most common helminth ova present in all wastewater samples, which is in agreement with the results of Jimenez (2007). Regarding to Total and Faecal coliforms, no significant removal was shown during experiments in phase 2. Likely, there is insufficient adsorption of the pathogenic organisms to the sludge and the resulting HRT is simply too short for a significant die-off (Rangeby et al, 1996, Uemura et al, 2002).
4 CONCLUSIONS
The results of the experiment with latex beads indicate a decreased removal efficiency at an increased influent helminth ova (latex beads) concentration.
This study demonstrates that the sludge filtration capacity is reciprocally correlated to the upflow velocity. For the studied domestic wastewater at an ambient temperature of 20 - 28°C, results show that at an upflow velocity less than 0.39 m.h-1about 80% of Helminth eggs will be removed. Removal efficiency of faecal and total coliforms was below 80% in all analysis.
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Universitat Ramon Llul from Barcelona (Spain) supported bacteriological and physicochemical analysis and UNITRAR, National University of Engineering (Peru) provided the lab to do the filterability tests. SEDAPAL and the Enterprise of Drinking and Sewerage Service of Lima (SEDAPAL) provided the wastewater for experiments with helminth ova. Wageningen University provided a scholarship to R.E. Yaya Beas.
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Von Sperling M, Chernicharo C.A.L, Soares A.M.E and A.M. Zerbini (2003). Evaluation and modelling of helminth eggs removal in baffled and unbaffled ponds treating anaerobic effluent. Water Science and Technology. 48 (2), 113-120
JOIN IN 学生用书1 Word List Starter Unit 1.Good afternoon 下午好 2.Good evening 晚上好 3.Good morning 早上好 4.Good night 晚安 5.Stand 站立 Unit 1 6.count [kaunt] (依次)点数 7.javascript:;eight [eit] 八 8.eleven [i'levn] 十一 9.four [f?:] 四 10.five [faiv] 五 11.flag [fl?g] 旗 12.guess [ges] 猜 13.jump [d??mp] 跳 14.nine [nain] 九 15.number ['n?mb?] 数字 16.one [w?n] 一 17.seven ['sevn] 七 18.six [siks] 六 19.ten [ten] 十 20.three [θri:] 三 21.twelve [twelv] 十二 22.two [tu:] 二 23.your [ju?] 你的 24.zero ['zi?r?u] 零、你们的 Unit 2 25.black [bl?k] 黑色26.blue [blu:] 蓝色 27.car [kɑ:] 小汽车 28.colour ['k?l?] 颜色 29.door [d?:] 门 30.favourite [feiv?rit]javascript:; 特别喜爱的 31.green [gri:n] 绿色 32.jeep [d?i:p] 吉普车 33.orange ['?:rind?] 橙黄色 34.pin k [pi?k] 粉红色 35.please [pli:z] 请 36.purple ['p?:pl] 紫色 37.red [red] 红色 38.white [wait] 白色 39.yellow ['jel?u] 黄色 Unit 3 40.blackboard ['bl?kb?:d] 黑板 41.book [buk] 书 42.chair [t???] 椅子 43.desk [desk] 桌子 44.pen [pen] 钢笔 45.pencil ['pensl] 铅笔 46.pencil case [keis] 笔盒 47.ruler ['ru:l?] 尺、直尺 48.schoolbag [sku:l] 书包 49.tree [tri:] 树 50.window ['wind?u] 窗、窗口 Unit 4 51.brown [braun] 棕色 52.cat [k?t] 猫
常用整流二极管 型号VRM/Io IFSM/ VF /Ir 封装用途说明1A5 600V/1.0A 25A/1.1V/5uA[T25] D2.6X3.2d0.65 1A6 800V/1.0A 25A/1.1V/5uA[T25] D2.6X3.2d0.65 6A8 800V/6.0A 400A/1.1V/10uA[T60] D9.1X9.1d1.3 1N4002 100V/1.0A 30A/1.1V/5uA[T75] D2.7X5.2d0.9 1N4004 400V/1.0A 30A/1.1V/5uA[T75] D2.7X5.2d0.9 1N4006 800V/1.0A 30A/1.1V/5uA[T75] D2.7X5.2d0.9 1N4007 1000V/1.0A 30A/1.1V/5uA[T75] D2.7X5.2d0.9 1N5398 800V/1.5A 50A/1.4V/5uA[T70] D3.6X7.6d0.9 1N5399 1000V/1.5A 50A/1.4V/5uA[T70] D3.6X7.6d0.9 1N5402 200V/3.0A 200A/1.1V/5uA[T105] D5.6X9.5d1.3 1N5406 600V/3.0A 200A/1.1V/5uA[T105] D5.6X9.5d1.3 1N5407 800V/3.0A 200A/1.1V/5uA[T105] D5.6X9.5d1.3 1N5408 1000V/3.0A 200A/1.1V/5uA[T105] D5.6X9.5d1.3 RL153 200V/1.5A 60A/1.1V/5uA[T75] D3.6X7.6d0.9 RL155 600V/1.5A 60A/1.1V/5uA[T75] D3.6X7.6d0.9 RL156 800V/1.5A 60A/1.1V/5uA[T75] D3.6X7.6d0.9 RL203 200V/2.0A 70A/1.1V/5uA[T75] D3.6X7.6d0.9 RL205 600V/2.0A 70A/1.1V/5uA[T75] D3.6X7.6d0.9 RL206 800V/2.0A 70A/1.1V/5uA[T75] D3.6X7.6d0.9 RL207 1000V/2.0A 70A/1.1V/5uA[T75] D3.6X7.6d0.9 RM11C 1000V/1.2A 100A/0.92V/10uA D4.0X7.2d0.78 MR750 50V/6.0A 400A/1.25V/25uA D8.7x6.3d1.35 MR751 100V/6.0A 400A/1.25V/25uA D8.7x6.3d1.35 MR752 200V/6.0A 400A/1.25V/25uA D8.7x6.3d1.35 MR754 400V/6.0A 400A/1.25V/25uA D8.7x6.3d1.35 MR756 600V/6.0A 400A/1.25V/25uA D8.7x6.3d1.35 MR760 1000V/6.0A 400A/1.25V/25uA D8.7x6.3d1.35 常用整流二极管(全桥) 型号VRM/Io IFSM/ VF /Ir 封装用途说明RBV-406 600V/*4A 80A/1.10V/10uA 25X15X3.6 RBV-606 600V/*6A 150A/1.05V/10uA 30X20X3.6 RBV-1306 600V/*13A 80A/1.20V/10uA 30X20X3.6 RBV-1506 600V/*15A 200A/1.05V/50uA 30X20X3.6 RBV-2506 600V/*25A 350A/1.05V/50uA 30X20X3.6 常用肖特基整流二极管SBD 型号VRM/Io IFSM/ VF Trr1/Trr2 封装用途说明EK06 60V/0.7A 10A/0.62V 100nS D2.7X5.0d0.6 SK/高速 EK14 40V/1.5A 40A/0.55V 200nS D4.0X7.2d0.78 SK/低速 D3S6M 60V/3.0A 80A/0.58V 130p SB340 40V/3.0A 80A/0.74V 180p SB360 60V/3.0A 80A/0.74V 180p SR260 60V/2.0A 50A/0.70V 170p MBR1645 45V/16A 150A/0.65V <10nS TO220 超高速
1.塑封整流二极管 序号型号IF VRRM VF Trr 外形 A V V μs 1 1A1-1A7 1A 50-1000V 1.1 R-1 2 1N4001-1N4007 1A 50-1000V 1.1 DO-41 3 1N5391-1N5399 1.5A 50-1000V 1.1 DO-15 4 2A01-2A07 2A 50-1000V 1.0 DO-15 5 1N5400-1N5408 3A 50-1000V 0.95 DO-201AD 6 6A05-6A10 6A 50-1000V 0.95 R-6 7 TS750-TS758 6A 50-800V 1.25 R-6 8 RL10-RL60 1A-6A 50-1000V 1.0 9 2CZ81-2CZ87 0.05A-3A 50-1000V 1.0 DO-41 10 2CP21-2CP29 0.3A 100-1000V 1.0 DO-41 11 2DZ14-2DZ15 0.5A-1A 200-1000V 1.0 DO-41 12 2DP3-2DP5 0.3A-1A 200-1000V 1.0 DO-41 13 BYW27 1A 200-1300V 1.0 DO-41 14 DR202-DR210 2A 200-1000V 1.0 DO-15 15 BY251-BY254 3A 200-800V 1.1 DO-201AD 16 BY550-200~1000 5A 200-1000V 1.1 R-5 17 PX10A02-PX10A13 10A 200-1300V 1.1 PX 18 PX12A02-PX12A13 12A 200-1300V 1.1 PX 19 PX15A02-PX15A13 15A 200-1300V 1.1 PX 20 ERA15-02~13 1A 200-1300V 1.0 R-1 21 ERB12-02~13 1A 200-1300V 1.0 DO-15 22 ERC05-02~13 1.2A 200-1300V 1.0 DO-15 23 ERC04-02~13 1.5A 200-1300V 1.0 DO-15 24 ERD03-02~13 3A 200-1300V 1.0 DO-201AD 25 EM1-EM2 1A-1.2A 200-1000V 0.97 DO-15 26 RM1Z-RM1C 1A 200-1000V 0.95 DO-15 27 RM2Z-RM2C 1.2A 200-1000V 0.95 DO-15 28 RM11Z-RM11C 1.5A 200-1000V 0.95 DO-15 29 RM3Z-RM3C 2.5A 200-1000V 0.97 DO-201AD 30 RM4Z-RM4C 3A 200-1000V 0.97 DO-201AD 2.快恢复塑封整流二极管 序号型号IF VRRM VF Trr 外形 A V V μs (1)快恢复塑封整流二极管 1 1F1-1F7 1A 50-1000V 1.3 0.15-0.5 R-1 2 FR10-FR60 1A-6A 50-1000V 1. 3 0.15-0.5 3 1N4933-1N4937 1A 50-600V 1.2 0.2 DO-41 4 1N4942-1N4948 1A 200-1000V 1.3 0.15-0. 5 DO-41 5 BA157-BA159 1A 400-1000V 1.3 0.15-0.25 DO-41 6 MR850-MR858 3A 100-800V 1.3 0.2 DO-201AD
Join in 小学五年级英语教案 介休市宋古二中上站小学庞汝君 Unit 6 Friends 单元目标: 1、单词:sport music kite cap car book dog cat rat frog spider butterfly 2、句型:Who is your best friend ? (重点) How old is he ? When is his birthday ? What’s his favourite food ? 3、段落:介绍自己的好朋友 My best friend’s name is Toby . He is ten years old . His favourite colour is red . His birthday is in May . He has got a dog . 4、语法:第三人称的人称代词和物主代词(难点) 他he 他的his 她she 她的her 一般现在时第三人称单数动词+s
5、故事:Emma , Jackie and Diana . Are you all right ? What’s the matter ? Don’t be silly . We can play together . The first class 一、教学目标: 两个句型1、Who is your best friend ? 2、How old is he ? 二、教学过程: 1、Talk about your best friend . (1)教师说句子Who is your best friend ? My best friend is Anna. 让学生先领会句子的意思,然后模仿, 小组练习对话并上台表演。 (2)第二个句子How old is he ? He is nine years old . 象上面一样练习,等到学生掌握后把两个问句连起来做 问答操练。
二极管封装大全 篇一:贴片二极管型号、参数 贴片二极管型号.参数查询 1、肖特基二极管SMA(DO214AC) 2010-2-2 16:39:35 标准封装: SMA 2010 SMB 2114 SMC 3220 SOD123 1206 SOD323 0805 SOD523 0603 IN4001的封装是1812 IN4148的封装是1206 篇二:常见贴片二极管三极管的封装 常见贴片二极管/三极管的封装 常见贴片二极管/三极管的封装 二极管: 名称尺寸及焊盘间距其他尺寸相近的封装名称 SMC SMB SMA SOD-106 SC-77A SC-76/SC-90A SC-79 三极管: LDPAK
DPAK SC-63 SOT-223 SC-73 TO-243/SC-62/UPAK/MPT3 SC-59A/SOT-346/MPAK/SMT3 SOT-323 SC-70/CMPAK/UMT3 SOT-523 SC-75A/EMT3 SOT-623 SC-89/MFPAK SOT-723 SOT-923 VMT3 篇三:常用二极管的识别及ic封装技术 常用晶体二极管的识别 晶体二极管在电路中常用“D”加数字表示,如: D5表示编号为5的二极管。 1、作用:二极管的主要特性是单向导电性,也就是在正向电压的作用下,导通电阻很小;而在反向电压作用下导通电阻极大或无穷大。正因为二极管具有上述特性,无绳电话机中常把它用在整流、隔离、稳压、极性保护、编码控制、调频调制和静噪等电路中。 电话机里使用的晶体二极管按作用可分为:整流二极管(如1N4004)、隔离二极管(如1N4148)、肖特基二极管(如BAT85)、发光二极管、稳压二极管等。 2、识别方法:二极管的识别很简单,小功率二极管的N极(负极),在二极管外表大多采用一种色圈标出来,有些二极管也用二极管专用符号来表示P极(正极)或N极(负极),也有采用符号标志为“P”、“N”来确定二极管极性的。发光二极管的正负极可从引脚长短来识别,长
五年级下英语月考试卷-全能练考-Join in剑桥英语 姓名:日期:总分:100 一、根据意思,写出单词。(10′) Fanny:Jackie, ________[猜] my animal,my ________最喜欢的 animal.OK? Jackie:Ok!Mm…Has it got a nose? Fanny:Yes,it’s got a big long nose,…and two long ________[牙齿]. Jackie:Does it live in ________[美国]? Fanny:No,no.It lives ________[在] Africa and Asia. Jackie:Can it ________[飞]? Fanny:I’m sorry it can’t. Jackie:Is it big? Fanny:Yes,it’s very big and ________[重的]. Jackie:What ________[颜色] is it?Is it white or ________[黑色]? Fanny:It’s white. Jackie:Oh,I see.It’s ________[大象]. 二、找出不同类的单词。(10′) ()1 A.sofa B.table C.check ()2 A.noodle https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d516502957.html,k C.way ()3 A.fish B.wolf C.lion ()4 A.bike B.car C.write ()5 A.tree B.farm C.grass ()6 A.big B.small C.other ( )7 A.eat B.listen C.brown
Join In剑桥小学英语(改编版)入门阶段Unit 1Hello,hello第1单元嗨,嗨 and mime. 1 听,模仿 Stand up Say 'hello' Slap hands Sit down 站起来说"嗨" 拍手坐下来 Good. Let's do up Say 'hello' Slap hands Sit down 好. 我们来再做一遍.站起来说"嗨"拍手坐下来 the pictures. 2 再听一遍给图画编号. up "hello" hands down 1 站起来 2 说"嗨" 3 拍手 4 坐下来说 3. A ,what's yourname 3 一首歌嗨,你叫什么名字 Hello. , what's yourname Hello. Hello. 嗨. 嗨. 嗨, 你叫什么名字嗨,嗨. Hello, what's yourname I'm Toby. I'm Toby. Hello,hello,hello.嗨, 你叫什么名字我叫托比. 我叫托比 . 嗨,嗨,嗨. I'm Toby. I'm Toby. Hello,hello, let's go! 我是托比. 我是托比. 嗨,嗨, 我们一起! Hello. , what's yourname I'm 'm Toby. 嗨.嗨.嗨, 你叫什么名字我叫托比.我叫托比. Hello,hello,hello. I'm 'm Toby. Hello,hello,let's go! 嗨,嗨,嗨.我是托比. 我是托比. 嗨,嗨,我们一起! 4 Listen and stick 4 听和指 What's your name I'm Bob. 你叫什么名字我叫鲍勃. What's your name I'm Rita. What's your name I'm Nick. 你叫什么名字我叫丽塔. 你叫什么名字我叫尼克. What's your name I'm Lisa. 你叫什么名字我叫利萨. 5. A story-Pit'sskateboard. 5 一个故事-彼德的滑板. Pa:Hello,Pit. Pa:好,彼德. Pi:Hello,:What's this Pi:嗨,帕特.Pa:这是什么 Pi:My new :Look!Pi:Goodbye,Pat! Pi:这是我的新滑板.Pi:看!Pi:再见,帕特! Pa:Bye-bye,Pit!Pi:Help!Help!pi:Bye-bye,skateboard! Pa:再见,彼德!Pi:救命!救命!Pi:再见,滑板! Unit 16. Let's learnand act 第1单元6 我们来边学边表演.
1N 系列常用整流二极管的主要参数
反向工作 峰值电压 URM/V 额定正向 整流电流 整流电流 IF/A 正向不重 复浪涌峰 值电流 IFSM/A 正向 压降 UF/V 反向 电流 IR/uA 工作 频率 f/KHZ 外形 封装
型 号
1N4000 1N4001 1N4002 1N4003 1N4004 1N4005 1N4006 1N4007 1N5100 1N5101 1N5102 1N5103 1N5104 1N5105 1N5106 1N5107 1N5108 1N5200 1N5201 1N5202 1N5203 1N5204 1N5205 1N5206 1N5207 1N5208 1N5400 1N5401 1N5402 1N5403 1N5404 1N5405 1N5406 1N5407 1N5408
25 50 100 200 400 600 800 1000 50 100 200 300 400 500 600 800 1000 50 100 200 300 400 500 600 800 1000 50 100 200 300 400 500 600 800 1000
1
30
≤1
<5
3
DO-41
1.5
75
≤1
<5
3
DO-15
2
100
≤1
<10
3
3
150
≤0.8
<10
3
DO-27
常用二极管参数: 05Z6.2Y 硅稳压二极管 Vz=6~6.35V,Pzm=500mW,
公司登记(备案)申请书 注:请仔细阅读本申请书《填写说明》,按要求填写。 □基本信息 名称 名称预先核准文号/ 注册号/统一 社会信用代码 住所 省(市/自治区)市(地区/盟/自治州)县(自治县/旗/自治旗/市/区)乡(民族乡/镇/街道)村(路/社区)号 生产经营地 省(市/自治区)市(地区/盟/自治州)县(自治县/旗/自治旗/市/区)乡(民族乡/镇/街道)村(路/社区)号 联系电话邮政编码 □设立 法定代表人 姓名 职务□董事长□执行董事□经理注册资本万元公司类型 设立方式 (股份公司填写) □发起设立□募集设立经营范围 经营期限□年□长期申请执照副本数量个
□变更 变更项目原登记内容申请变更登记内容 □备案 分公司 □增设□注销名称 注册号/统一 社会信用代码登记机关登记日期 清算组 成员 负责人联系电话 其他□董事□监事□经理□章程□章程修正案□财务负责人□联络员 □申请人声明 本公司依照《公司法》、《公司登记管理条例》相关规定申请登记、备案,提交材料真实有效。通过联络员登录企业信用信息公示系统向登记机关报送、向社会公示的企业信息为本企业提供、发布的信息,信息真实、有效。 法定代表人签字:公司盖章(清算组负责人)签字:年月日
附表1 法定代表人信息 姓名固定电话 移动电话电子邮箱 身份证件类型身份证件号码 (身份证件复印件粘贴处) 法定代表人签字:年月日
附表2 董事、监事、经理信息 姓名职务身份证件类型身份证件号码_______________ (身份证件复印件粘贴处) 姓名职务身份证件类型身份证件号码_______________ (身份证件复印件粘贴处) 姓名职务身份证件类型身份证件号码_______________ (身份证件复印件粘贴处)
小学三年级英语(上册)重要知识点归纳 一、单词 Unit 1学习文具:pen (钢笔) pencil (铅笔) pencil-case ( 铅笔盒) ruler(尺子) eraser(橡皮) crayon (蜡笔) book (书) bag (书包) sharpener (卷笔刀) school (学校) Unit 2身体部位:head (头) face( 脸) nose (鼻子) mouth (嘴) eye (眼睛)leg (腿) ear (耳朵) arm (胳膊)finger (手指) leg (腿) foot (脚)body (身体) Unit 3颜色:red (红色的) yellow (黄色的)green (绿色的)blue (蓝色的) purple (紫色的) white (白色的) black (黑色的) orange (橙色的) pink (粉色的)brown (棕色的) Unit 4动物:cat (猫)dog (狗)monkey (猴子)panda (熊猫)rabbit( 兔子) duck (鸭子)pig (猪)bird (鸟) bear (熊)elephant (大象)mouse (老鼠) squirrel (松鼠) Unit 5食物:cake (蛋糕)bread (面包) hot dog (热狗) hamburger (汉堡包) chicken (鸡肉)French fries (炸薯条)coke (可乐)juice (果汁)milk (牛奶) water (水)tea (茶) coffee (咖啡) Unit 6数字:one (一) two (二) three (三)four (四) five (五)six( 六)seven (七) eight (八) nine( 九) ten( 十)doll (玩具娃娃) boat (小船)ball (球) kite (风筝) balloon (气球) car (小汽车)plane (飞机) 二、对话 1、向别人问好应该说――A: Hello! (你好!) B: Hi! (你好!) 2、问别人的名字应该说-――A:What's your name? 你的名字是什么? B:My name's Chen Jie. 我的名字是陈洁。 3、跟别人分手应该说――A: Bye.\ Good bye!(再见) B: See you.(再见) \ Goodbye.(再见) 4、A: I have a pencil\ bag\ruler 我有一只铅笔\书包\尺子。 B: Me too . 我也有。 5、早上相见应该说-――A: Good morning. 早上好!
1N系列稳压管
快恢复整流二极管
常用整流二极管型号和参数 05Z6.2Y 硅稳压二极管 Vz=6~6.35V,Pzm=500mW, 05Z7.5Y 硅稳压二极管 Vz=7.34~7.70V,Pzm=500mW, 05Z13X硅稳压二极管 Vz=12.4~13.1V,Pzm=500mW, 05Z15Y硅稳压二极管 Vz=14.4~15.15V,Pzm=500mW, 05Z18Y硅稳压二极管 Vz=17.55~18.45V,Pzm=500mW, 1N4001硅整流二极管 50V, 1A,(Ir=5uA,Vf=1V,Ifs=50A) 1N4002硅整流二极管 100V, 1A, 1N4003硅整流二极管 200V, 1A, 1N4004硅整流二极管 400V, 1A, 1N4005硅整流二极管 600V, 1A, 1N4006硅整流二极管 800V, 1A, 1N4007硅整流二极管 1000V, 1A, 1N4148二极管 75V, 4PF,Ir=25nA,Vf=1V, 1N5391硅整流二极管 50V, 1.5A,(Ir=10uA,Vf=1.4V,Ifs=50A) 1N5392硅整流二极管 100V,1.5A, 1N5393硅整流二极管 200V,1.5A, 1N5394硅整流二极管 300V,1.5A, 1N5395硅整流二极管 400V,1.5A, 1N5396硅整流二极管 500V,1.5A, 1N5397硅整流二极管 600V,1.5A, 1N5398硅整流二极管 800V,1.5A, 1N5399硅整流二极管 1000V,1.5A, 1N5400硅整流二极管 50V, 3A,(Ir=5uA,Vf=1V,Ifs=150A) 1N5401硅整流二极管 100V,3A, 1N5402硅整流二极管 200V,3A, 1N5403硅整流二极管 300V,3A, 1N5404硅整流二极管 400V,3A,
有限合伙企业登记注册操作指南 风险控制部 20xx年x月xx日
目录 一、合伙企业的概念 (4) 二、有限合伙企业应具备的条件 (4) 三、有限合伙企业设立具备的条件 (4) 四、注册有限合伙企业程序 (5) 五、申请合伙企业登记注册应提交文件、证件 (6) (一)合伙企业设立登记应提交的文件、证件: (6) (二)合伙企业变更登记应提交的文件、证件: (7) (三)合伙企业注销登记应提交的文件、证件: (8) (四)合伙企业申请备案应提交的文件、证件: (9) (五)其他登记应提交的文件、证件: (9) 六、申请合伙企业分支机构登记注册应提交的文件、证件 (9) (一)合伙企业分支机构设立登记应提交的文件、证件 (10) (二)合伙企业分支机构变更登记应提交的文件、证件: (10) (三)合伙企业分支机构注销登记应提交的文件、证件: (11) (四)其他登记应提交的文件、证件: (12) 七、收费标准 (12) 八、办事流程图 (12) (一)有限合伙企业创办总体流程图(不含专业性前置审批) (12) (二)、工商局注册程序 (15)
(三)、工商局具体办理程序(引入网上预审核、电话预约方式) (16) 九、有限合伙企业与有限责任公司的区别 (16) (一)、设立依据 (16) (二)、出资人数 (16) (三)、出资方式 (17) (四)、注册资本 (17) (五)、组织机构 (18) (六)、出资流转 (18) (七)、对外投资 (19) (八)、税收缴纳 (20) (九)、利润分配 (20) (十)、债务承担 (21) 十、常见问题解答与指导 (21)
JOIN IN英语三年级下册课本重点Start unit 1 Words morning afternoon evening night 2 Sentences Good morning !早上好 Good afternoon !下午好 Good evening!晚上好 Good night!晚安 3 Phrases clap your hands 拍拍手 jump up high 往高跳 shake your arms and your legs 晃动你的胳膊和腿 bend your knees 弯曲你的膝盖 touch your toes 摸摸你的脚指
stand nose to nose 鼻子对鼻子站着 Unit 1 Pets 1 Words cat猫dog狗bird 鸟mouse老鼠fish鱼rabbit 兔子frog青蛙hamster仓鼠 budgie鹦鹉tiger老虎monkey 猴子panda熊猫giraffe 长颈鹿elephant 大象bear 熊run跑sit坐fly飞swim游泳roar吼叫eat吃 2 Grammar ★名词的复数:一般在词尾直接加s,不规则变化要牢记: fish-----fish mouse------mice 3 Sentences 1.Have you got a pet ? 你有宠物吗?Yes ,I have. 是的,我有。/No, I haven’t. 不,我没有。 2.2. What have you got ? 你有什么宠物吗?I’ve got a dog . / A dog. 我有一只狗。 3.What colour is the cat ? 你的猫是什么颜色的?It’s black. 它是黑色的。 What iswizard’s pet? 巫师的宠物是什么? 4.What is it ? 它是什么? It’s a rabbit .它是只兔子。
→客户提供:场所证明租赁协议身份证委托书三张一寸相片 →需准备材料:办理税务登记证时需要会计师资格证与财务人员劳动合同 →提交名称预审通知书→公司法定代表人签署的《公司设立登记申请书》→全体股东签署的《指定代表或者公共委托代理人的证明》(申请人填写股东姓名)→全体股东签署的公司章程(需得到工商局办事人员的认可)→股东身份证复印件→验资报告(需到计师事务所办理:需要材料有名称预审通知书复印件公司章程股东身份证复印件银行开具验资账户进账单原件银行开具询证函租赁合同及场所证明法人身份证原件公司开设临时存款账户的复印件)→任职文件(法人任职文件及股东董事会决议)→住所证明(房屋租赁合同)→工商局(办证大厅)提交所有材料→公司营业执照办理结束 →需带材料→公司营业执照正副本原件及复印件→法人身份证原件→代理人身份证→公章→办理人开具银行收据交款元工本费→填写申请书→组织机构代码证办
理结束 →需带材料→工商营业执照正副本复印件原件→组织机构正副本原件及复印件→公章→公司法定代表人签署的《公司设立登记申请书》→公司章程→股东注册资金情况表→验资报告书复印件→场所证明(租赁合同)→法人身份证复印件原件→会计师资格证(劳动合同)→税务登记证办理结束 →需带材料→工商营业执照正副本复印件原件→组织机构正副本原件及复印件→税务登记证原件及复印件→公章→法人身份证原件及复印件→代理人身份证原件及复印件→法人私章→公司验资账户→注以上复印件需四份→办理时间个工作日→办理结束 →需带材料→工商营业执照正副本复印件原件→组织机构正副本原件及复印件→公章→公司法定代表人签署的《公司设立登记申请书》→公司章程→股东注册资金情况表→验资报告书复印件→场所证明(租赁合同)→法人身份证复印件原件→会计师资格证(劳动合同)→会计制度→银行办理的开户许可证复印件→税务登记证备案办理结束
Starter Unit Good to see you again知识总结 一. 短语 1. dance with me 和我一起跳舞 2. sing with me 和我一起唱歌 3. clap your hands 拍拍你的手 4. jump up high 高高跳起 5.shake your arms and your legs晃晃你的胳膊和腿 6. bend your knees 弯曲你的膝盖 7. touch your toes 触摸你的脚趾8. stand nose to nose鼻子贴鼻子站 二. 句子 1. ---Good morning. 早上好。 ---Good morning, Mr Li. 早上好,李老师。 2. ---Good afternoon. 下午好。 ---Good afternoon, Mr Brown. 下午好,布朗先生。 3. ---Good evening,Lisa. 晚上好,丽莎。 ---Good evening, Bob. 晚上好,鲍勃。 4. ---Good night. 晚安。 ----Good night. 晚安。 5. ---What’s your name? 你叫什么名字? ---I’m Bob./ My name is Bob. 我叫鲍勃。 6. ---Open the window, please. 请打开窗户。 ---Yes ,Miss. 好的,老师。 7. ---What colour is it? 它是什么颜色? 它是蓝红白混合的。 ---It’s blue, red and white. 皮特的桌子上是什么? 8. ---What’s on Pit’s table? ---A schoolbag, an eraser and two books. 一个书包,一个橡皮和两本书。 9. ---What time is it? 几点钟? 两点钟。 ---It’s two. 10.---What’s this? 这是什么? ---My guitar. 我的吉他。
JOIN IN英语三年级下册 Start unit 1 Words morning afternoon evening night 2 Sentences Good morning !早上好Good afternoon !下午好Good evening!晚上好 Good night!晚安 3 Phrases clap your hands 拍拍手 jump up high 往高跳 shake your arms and your legs 晃动你的胳膊和腿 bend your knees 弯曲你的膝盖 touch your toes 摸摸你的脚指 stand nose to nose 鼻子对鼻子站着 Unit 1 Pets 1 Words cat猫dog狗bird 鸟mouse老鼠fish鱼rabbit 兔子frog青蛙hamster仓鼠 budgie鹦鹉tiger老虎monkey 猴子panda熊猫giraffe 长颈鹿elephant 大象bear 熊run跑sit坐fly飞swim游泳roar吼叫eat吃 2 Grammar
★名词的复数:一般在词尾直接加s,不规则变化要牢记: fish-----fish mouse------mice 3 Sentences 1.Have you got a pet ? 你有宠物吗? Yes ,I have. 是的,我有。/No, I haven’t. 不,我没有。 2.What have you got ? 你有什么宠物吗?I’ve got a dog . / A dog. 我有一只狗。 3.What colour is the cat ? 你的猫是什么颜色的?It’s black. 它是黑色的。 What is wizard’s pet? 巫师的宠物是什么? 4.What is it ? 它是什么? It’s a rabbit .它是只兔子。 5.How many budgies /mice are there? 这里有多少只鹦鹉/老鼠? There are + 数字budgies/mice. 这里有------只鹦鹉/老鼠。 6.Fly like a budgie. 像鹦鹉一样飞。Run like a rabbit. 像兔子一样跑。 Swim like a fish. 像鱼一样游泳。Eat like a hamster. 像仓鼠一样吃东西。 Sit like a dog. 像狗一样坐。Roar like a tiger. 像老虎一样吼叫。 7.What are in the pictures. 图片里面是什么?Animals. 动物。 8. What animals? 什么动物? 9.How many pandas (elephants /bears/ giraffes/ monkeys/ budgies) are there?有多少.? How many + 可数名词的复数形式 Unit 2 The days of the week
G ENERAL PURPOSE RECTIFIERS – P LASTIC P ASSIVATED J UNCTION 1.0 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 SMA/DO-214AC G ENERAL PURPOSE RECTIFIERS – G LASS P ASSIVATED J UNCTION S M 1.0 GS1A GS1B GS1D GS1G GS1J GS1K GS1M SMA/DO-214AC 1.0 S1A S1B S1D S1G S1J S1K S1M SMB/DO-214AA 2.0 S2A S2B S2D S2G S2J S2K S2M SMB/DO-214AA 3.0 S3A S3B S3D S3G S3J S3K S3M SMC/DO-214AB F AST RECOVERY RECTIFIERS – P LASTIC P ASSIVATED J UNCTION MERITEK ELECTRONICS CORPORATION
U LTRA FAST RECOVERY RECTIFIERS – G LASS P ASSIVATED J UNCTION
S CHOTTKY B ARRIER R ECTIFIERS
S WITCHING D IODES Power Dissipation Max Avg Rectified Current Peak Reverse Voltage Continuous Reverse Current Forward Voltage Reverse Recovery Time Package Part Number P a (mW) I o (mA) V RRM (V) I R @ V R (V) V F @ I F (mA) t rr (ns) Bulk Reel Outline 200mW 1N4148WS 200 150 100 2500 @ 75 1.0 @ 50 4 5000 SOD-323 1N4448WS 200 150 100 2500 @ 7 5 0.72/1.0 @ 5.0/100 4 5000 SOD-323 BAV16WS 200 250 100 1000 @ 7 5 0.8 6 @ 10 6 5000 SOD-323 BAV19WS 200 250 120 100 @ 100 1.0 @ 100 50 5000 SOD-323 BAV20WS 200 250 200 100 @ 150 1.0 @ 100 50 5000 SOD-323 BAV21WS 200 250 250 100 @ 200 1.0 @ 100 50 5000 SOD-323 MMBD4148W 200 150 100 2500 @ 75 1.0 @ 50 4 3000 SOT-323-1 MMBD4448W 200 150 100 2500 @ 7 5 0.72/1.0 @ 5.0/100 4 3000 SOT-323-1 BAS16W 200 250 100 1000 @ 7 5 0.8 6 @ 10 6 3000 SOT-323-1 BAS19W 200 250 120 100 @ 100 1.0 @ 100 50 3000 SOT-323-1 BAS20W 200 250 200 100 @ 150 1.0 @ 100 50 3000 SOT-323-1 BAS21W 200 250 250 100 @ 200 1.0 @ 100 50 3000 SOT-323-1 BAW56W 200 150 100 2500 @ 75 1.0 @ 50 4 3000 SOT-323-2 BAV70W 200 150 100 2500 @ 75 1.0 @ 50 4 3000 SOT-323-3 BAV99W 200 150 100 2500 @ 75 1.0 @ 50 4 3000 SOT-323-4 BAL99W 200 150 100 2500 @ 75 1.0 @ 50 4 3000 SOT-323- 5 350mW MMBD4148 350 200 100 5000 @ 75 1.0 @ 10 4 3000 SOT-23-1 MMBD4448 350 200 100 5000 @ 75 1.0 @ 10 4 3000 SOT-23-1 BAS16 350 200 100 1000 @ 75 1.0 @ 50 6 3000 SOT-23-1 BAS19 350 200 120 100 @ 120 1.0 @ 100 50 3000 SOT-23-1 BAS20 350 200 200 100 @ 150 1.0 @ 100 50 3000 SOT-23-1 BAS21 350 200 250 100 @ 200 1.0 @ 100 50 3000 SOT-23-1 BAW56 350 200 100 2500 @ 70 1.0 @ 50 4 3000 SOT-23-2 BAV70 350 200 100 5000 @ 70 1.0 @ 50 4 3000 SOT-23-3 BAV99 350 200 100 2500 @ 70 1.0 @ 50 4 3000 SOT-23-4 BAL99 350 200 100 2500 @ 70 1.0 @ 50 4 3000 SOT-23-5 BAV16W 350 200 100 1000 @ 75 0.86 @ 10 6 3000 SOD-123 410-500mW BAV19W 410 200 120 100 @ 100 1.0 @ 100 50 3000 SOD-123 BAV20W 410 200 200 100 @ 150 1.0 @ 100 50 3000 SOD-123 BAV21W 410 200 250 100 @ 200 1.0 @ 100 50 3000 SOD-123 1N4148W 410 150 100 2500 @ 75 1.0 @ 50 4 3000 SOD-123 1N4150W 410 200 50 100 @ 50 0.72/1.0 @ 5.0/100 4 3000 SOD-123 1N4448W 500 150 100 2500 @ 7 5 1.0 @ 200 4 3000 SOD-123 1N4151W 500 150 75 50 @ 50 1.0 @ 10 2 3000 SOD-123 1N914 500 200 100 25 @ 20 1.0 @ 10 4 1000 10000 DO-35 1N4148 500 200 100 25 @ 20 1.0 @ 10 4 1000 10000 DO-35 LL4148 500 150 100 25 @ 20 1.0 @ 10 4 2500 Mini-Melf SOT23-1 SOT23-2 SOT23-3 SOT23-4 SOT23-5 SOT323-1 SOT323-2 SOT323-3 SOT323-4 SOT323-5