江苏省常熟中学最新 高考英语任务型阅读专题练习(附答案)

江苏省常熟中学最新高考英语任务型阅读专题练习(附答案)

一、高中英语任务型阅读

1．请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

There's a contradiction in the way many of us behave online: we know we're being watched all the time, and disapprove of the monitor by Google and the government. But the bounds of what's considered too personal to be uploaded or shared online seems to shrink by the day.

I complain about the lack of privacy, for example, and yet I willingly and routinely trade it for convenience. I no longer run the risk of unforeseen delays on public transport; Google Maps will inform me of the fastest route to my destination; I no longer need to remember my friends' birthdays; Facebook will urge me, and invariably appeal to me to post an update to remind people I exist. All I have to do is make my location, habits and beliefs transparent to their parent companies whenever they choose to check in on me.

So what's going on? “Visibility is a trap,” explained the French philosopher Michel Foucault in Discipline and Punish: the Birth of the Prison(1975). Allowing oneself to be watched, and learning to watch others, is both attractive and dangerous. He took for example “Panopticon”, a prison where prisoners were observed from a tower manned by an invisible occupant. The prisoners would believe in the presence of the mysterious watchman, whether or not anyone was actually inside, and behave themselves.

According to Foucault, the dynamics of the Panopticon are similar to how generally people self-monitor in society. In the presence of ever-watching witness, people police themselves. They don't know what the observers are looking for, or what the punishments are for disobedience (不顺从). But they willingly accept and follow this invisible discipline.

Foucault claimed that such monitoring is worrisome, not just because of what companies and states might do with our data, but because the act of watching is itself a terrible exercise of power, which may influence behavior without our fully realizing it.

But something's not right here. Why does the self-display continue when we are sure that we are watched from everywhere and nowhere?

Social media provides a public space that often operates more like a private one, where many people hold the belief that there they won't suffer the consequences of what they say online, as if protected by technology.

Plato would be alarmed by the lack of shame online. His point about moral knowledge is this: we already know the right way to live a just and fulfilling life, but are constantly distracted(转移) from that noble aim. For him, then, shame helps us be true to ourselves and to pay attention to the moral knowledge within. A man without shame, Plato says, is a slave to desire — for material goods, power, fame, respect. Such desire, by its nature, cannot be satisfied.

Phenomenon While people hate being monitored, the ________ of privacy is gradually becoming a more serious problem.

My experience I complain about the lack of privacy but still exchange it for convenience.

convenience* I ________ on Google maps for the fastest route to avoid delays on public transport.

* Facebook will remind me of my friends' birthdays, and

appeal to me to be updated.

cost I must make my ________ information available to relevant companies.

Michel Foucault's explanations Idea: Visibility is a trap.

An analogy:

* In the Panopticon, prisoners behave themselves just because they believed they were watched by an ________ watchman.

* In real life, the way people self-monitor ________ the dynamics of the Panopticon. They willingly follow the invisible discipline.

Worries: Our data may be ________ and monitoring may influence us to change our behavior ________.

Reasons for contraction Though being watched, self-display continues because some netizens think that they don't need to take ________ for what they say online.

Conclusion*Shame is essential in leading a just and fulfilling life.

*Shame helps us stay true to ourselves and focus on our ________.

*Shame can ________ us being a slave to desires for fame and fortune.

【答案】 invasion /violation /leak /lack

；depend /rely /count

；private /personal

；invisible

；resembles

；abused/ misused

；unconsciously

；responsibility

；morality /moral(s)

；prevent/stop

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，我们所有网上的行为都被监视，虽然网络给我们带来了便利，但隐私的泄露却给我带来了很大的影响。很多人尽管知道自己的行为被监视，却仍然在网上我行我素，认为自己的行为不会带来严重的后果，文章认为这主要是因为缺少羞耻心。

（1）考查同义转换。根据第一段中的“There's a contradiction in the way many of us behave online: we know we're being watched all the time, and disapprove of the monitor by Google and the government.”可知当我们上网的时候，我们的行为都收到了监视。我们的隐私被泄露

了，而且这已经成为一个有利于严重的问题。所以本句要填名词invasion /violation /leak /lack。

（2）考查同义转换。根据第二段中的“Google Maps will inform me of the fastest route to my destination”可知我依靠Google地图可以寻找到最快的路线。所以句中要填depend /rely /count。

（3）考查同义转换。根据第二段中的“All I have to do is make my loc ation, habits and beliefs transparent to their parent companies whenever they choose to check in on me.”可知如果我想得到便利，必须要把我的私人信息上传到相关的网站上。所以句中要填private /personal。（4）考查原词再现。根据第三段中的“He took for example “Panopticon”, a prison where prisoners were observed from a tower manned by an invisible occupant.”可知这所监狱里的囚犯行为得体主要是因为他们一直认为有他们看不见的人在监视着他们，句中出现了原词“invisible”，所以句中要填invisible。

（5）考查同义转换。根据第四段中的“According to Foucault, the dynamics of the Panopticon are similar to how generally people self-monitor in society.”可知现实生活里的人和监狱里的人一样，他们都认为有看不见的人在监视着他们，所以他们的举止得体。句中使用动词resemble与原句中be similar to语义一致，句中主语是单数名词the way，所以要填resembles。

（6）考查句意理解。根据第五段“…not just because of what companies and states might do with our data…”可知我们的隐私可能会被有关公司滥用，而我们自己却一点也不清楚。所以句中要填abused/ misused。

（7）考查同义转换。根据第五段最后“which may influence behavior without our fully realizing it.”可知这是在我们没有完全意识到的情况下对我们的行为会有影响。句中使用副词unconsciously替换介词短语“without our fully realizing it”，所以要填unconsciously。（8）考查句意理解。根据倒数第二段中的“where many people hold the belief that there they won't suffer the consequences of what they say online, as if protected by technology.”可知虽然很多人知道网络行为被监视，但他们仍然认为自己不会承担不好的结果。所以句中要填responsibility。

（9）考查句意理解。根据倒数第三句“For him, then, shame helps us be true to ourselves and to pay attention to the moral knowledge w ithin.”可知羞耻感会让人们保持真实性，并关注内心的道德。句中要填名词承担focus on的宾语，所以要填morality /moral(s)。

（10）考查句意理解。根据倒数第二句“A man without shame, Plato says, is a slave to desire —for material goods, power, fame, respect.”可知柏拉图认为没有羞耻感的人会成为欲望的奴隶。说明羞耻感可以阻止人们被欲望奴役。所以句中要填prevent/stop。

【点评】本题考点涉及同义转换，原词再现和句意理解等题型的考查，要求考生准确掌握所给材料内容，结合相关的词汇知识和词汇知识，写出正确的答案。

2．任务型阅读

A peer is a person who is about the same age as you. Peers affect your life, whether you know it or not, just by spending time with you.

________ Maybe another student in your science class taught you an easy way to remember the planets in solar system. Maybe you got others excited about your new favorite book and now everyone's reading it. However, sometimes peers affect one another in another way________ Maybe a kid in the neighborhood wanted you to steal with him.

Some kids give in to peer pressure because they want to be liked, to fit in, or because they worry that other kids may make fun of them if they don't go along with the group.________ The idea that “everyone's doing it” may influence some kids to leave their better judgments or their common senses behind.

Peer pressure can be extremely strong and hard to get rid of. Experiments have shown how peer pressure can influence someone to change her/his mind from what she/he knows for sure is a correct answer to the incorrect answer-just because everyone else gives the incorrect answer!________

________ Paying attention to your own feelings and beliefs about what is right and wrong can help you know the right thing to do. Inner strength and self-confidence can help you stand firm, walk away and resist doing something when you know better.

A. Peers can have a good effect on one another.

B. Peer pressure is the direct influence on people by peers.

C. Good peers may give you a hand when you are in trouble.

D. That holds true for people of any age in peer pressure situations.

E. Maybe one kid in school tried to get another to cut class with him.

F. It can be hard to walk away from peer pressure, but it can be done.

G. Others may go along because they are curious to try something new that others are doing. 【答案】A；E；G；D；F

【解析】【分析】本文是议论文。主要讲述同龄人之间的影响既好的效果也会有不好的影响。有些孩子屈服于同龄人的压力，也有些孩子可能非常强烈，很难摆脱，但只要坚定信念，也能抵制住这种压力。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据本段的内容可知，同伴之间可以相互影响的。同伴间既有好的影响同，也有不良的影响。而前半部分说的是好的效果。分析选项可知A项（同伴可以互相产生良好的效果。）符合题意，故答案选A正确。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段指同伴之间的相互影响，根据“. However, sometimes peers affect one another in another way”及下句“Maybe a kid in the neighborhood wanted you to steal with him.”可知，是不好的影响。再根据下句的句式，只是一种推测，分析选项可知E项（也许学校里有个孩子想找个同学和他一起逃课。）符合题意，故答案选E项。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。空后的下一句“The idea that “everyone's doing it” may influence some kids to leave their better judgments or their common senses behind.”可知，“每个人都这样做”的想法可能会一些孩子没有了更好的判断力或常识。”由此可判断G 项（其他人可能会一起做，因为他们很好奇尝试其他人正在做的新事物。）符合题意，故答案选这G项。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据第四段中的第一句“Peer pressure can be

extremely strong and hard to get rid of.”可知同龄人的压力可能非常强烈，很难摆脱。由此可判断，这这种情况，任何年龄段的人都适用，分析选项可知D项（在同龄人压力情况下，任何年龄段的人都适用。）符合题意，故答案选D项。

（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后的内容可知，自己要坚定信念，到底什么是正确的什么是错误的，这样就能让你知道该做什么。内在的力量和自信能帮助你不受同龄人的压力，就能抵制你不应当做的事情。由此可知，虽然摆脱同龄人的压力很难，但只要自己意志坚定，也可做到。分析选项可知，F项（很难摆脱同伴的压力，但这是可以做到的。）符合题意，故答案选F项。

【点评】阅读理解七选五解题技巧：词语复现

词语复现包括原词复现和同反义词复现，及正确选项和空格前后句子有相同的词或同反义词相互呼应。抓住这些复现线索，题目自然迎刃而解。

需要指出的是，词语复现法解题十分管用，但这并不意味着凡与上下文有复现词的选项就一定是正确选项，只是正确的可能性更大，在解题过程中需重点考虑或优选考虑而已。是否为正确答案，还得将选项代入原文，检验选项与上下文能否自然衔接，只有上下衔接紧密的才是正确选项。

3．Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Meal kits(餐具)cut food waste but packaging is a problem

Home delivery meal kits can slash(大幅消减)food waste by more than two-thirds, but suppliers need to switch to reusable packaging to make them environmentally friendly.

________ That means leftovers are minimized. But while the delivery services score well on reducing food waste, buying the same ingredients from the supermarket almost always saves energy overall simply because meal kits use so much single-use packaging. The good news is that if you have meals that are tailored for consumption, people won't over-buy and you have less food waste. You fine-tune the portions to what people will actually eat.

Beyond the cost of the waste itself, thrown-away food generates methane(甲烷)that contributes to climate change. ________ A 2018 report from the Boston Consulting Group found that the waste was set to soar by a third by 2030 when global food waste was estimated to reach 2.1 bn tonnes.

Meal kits can reduce transport emissions if they mean people take fewer trips to the supermarket. If people only went to buy goods that are unlikely to decay such as soap and toilet paper, they might only have to visit the supermarket once every couple of months. That delivery truck can carry meals for you and dozens of neighbors. ________

The study found that even if delivered meal kits reduced food waste to zero, they would still use up more energy overall than buying the same food from the supermarket unless the energy used for the meal kit packaging was cut by a fifth. ________ All the environmental benefits are lost. But if the packaging can be reused, you can get some benefits.

A. However, meal kits are likely heading for the mainstream.

B. If it's single-use and thrown away, the packaging is a killer.

C. In that case, you might replace dozens of car trips with one truck trip.

D. Meal knits arrive on your doorstep by truck filled with every ingredient you need.

E. Tailor-made meal kits save waste by providing precise quantities of fresh ingredients.

F. If food waste was a country, it would rank third in emissions behind the US and China.

【答案】 E；F；C；B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。套餐可以减少食物浪费，但包装是个问题。家庭送餐包可以减少超过三分之二的食物浪费，但供应商需要改用可重复使用的包装，使其更加环保。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“ That means leftovers are minimized.”这意味着剩菜要尽量减少。承接下文，E.Tailor-made meal kits save waste by providing precise quantities of fresh ingredients.“特制的餐盒提供精确数量的新鲜食材，节省浪费。”切题。下文中的that指该项的内容。故选E。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“ A 2018 report from the Boston Consulting Group found that the waste was set to soar by a third by 2030 when global food waste was estimated to reach 2.1 bn tonnes.”"波士顿咨询集团2018年的一份报告发现，到2030年，全球食品浪费预计将达到21亿吨，预计垃圾将飙升三分之一。承接下文，F.If food waste was a country, it would rank third in emissions behind the US and China.“如果食品浪费是一个国家，它的排放量将排在美国和中国之后，位列第三。”切题。故选F。（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ That delivery truck can carry meals for you and dozens of neighbors.”那辆送货卡车可以为你和几十个邻居送饭。承接上文，C.In that case, you might replace dozens of car trips with one truck trip.“在这种情况下，你可以用一次卡车旅行来代替几十次汽车旅行。”切题。故选C。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“ All the environmental benefits are lost. But if the packaging can be reused, you can get some benefits.”所有的环境效益都丧失了。但是如果包装可以重复使用，您可以获得一些好处。承接下文，B.If it's single-use and thrown away, the packaging is a killer.“如果一次性使用并被丢弃，包装就是一个杀手。”切题。故选B。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

4．任务型阅读

Why doesn't the conductor face the audience?________As the only person with his back to the audience, the conductor is a figure who is bathed in the spotlight, but his complex work requires a high degree of musical skill, as well as an ability to extract what he desires out of the group of artists he leads--his orchestra.

________A person may become a conductor without graduating from the conducting department of a music school or studying in any kind of conductor's training program. However, becoming the conductor of a famous orchestra requires a great deal more than what is needed

merely to join an orchestra.

________These naturally examine a conductor's technique and musical interpretation while he conducts an orchestra through a prepared piece of music, but they also involve a sight-reading element________The conductor then has to sit in a room and memorize the piece before coming out and leading the orchestra through the piece by memory. Not only does the conductor have to make his arm and hand motion properly, and signal all the entrances of each instrument, he has to point out intentional mistakes made by the orchestra members on the spot.

The least capabilities a conductor must have are: The ability to memorize an entire score. A good ear for distinguishing correct notes among the music of the entire orchestra.________

Of the conductors that meet these requirements, those with better musical insight and a higher level of charisma(魅力) will succeed.

A. The need for a common musical standard becomes necessary

B. The ability to lead a group of professional musicians

C. There are many conducting competitions

D. For this, the score of music is given to the conductor on site

E. This is how the role of the conductor came to be established

F. The role of the conductor is in fact not well understood

G. There are no examinations for becoming a conductor

【答案】F；G；C；D；B

【解析】【分析】为什么指挥不面向观众？本文就这一话题展开介绍了乐队的指挥总是背对着观众的原因，以及成为一名乐队指挥需要哪些方面的能力等。

(1)根据前面的“Why doesn't the conductor face the audience”可知，人们对乐队指挥这一工作不甚了解，再根据本空后的内容推断应选F项。故答案为F。

(2)根据本空后面的“A person may become a conductor without graduating from the conducting department of a music school or studying in any kind of conductor's training program”可知，乐队的指挥不需要毕业于专业的音乐学校或经过相关的训练，与G项的“不用考试”一致。故答案为G。

(3)根据空格后面的“These naturally examine a conductor's technique and musical interpretation while he conducts an orchestra through a prepared piece of music”，这里的These指的是C项中的competitions。故答案为C。

(4)根据后面的“The conductor then has to sit in a room and memorize the piece”，即把音乐的总谱现场给乐队指挥，然后指挥需要现场记忆。故答案为D。

(5)与前面的“The ability to memorize an entire score”中的ability是并列的。故答案为B。【点评】此类文体的文章的行文需要通过一定的衔接手段来实现，文章的衔接手段有：重复使用某一词语或子范畴词语，使用同义词表达，用总称指代指代具体事物或用具体事物指代整体。使用代词避免重复等。

5．Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

A problem shared can be a problem doubled

People discuss their problems with friends in the hope that they'll gain some idea on how to solve them. And even if they don't find a way to solve their problems, it feels good to let off some steam. Indeed, having close friends to trust is a good relief against poor mental health. ________ The term psychologist's use for negative problem sharing is "co-rumination". Co-rumination is the mutual encouragement to discuss problems too much, repeatedly going over the same problems, expecting future problems and focusing on negative feelings. It is more about keeping talking about problems than solving them. ________ In a study involving children aged seven to 15 years of age, researchers found that co-rumination in both boys and girls is associated with "high-quality" and close friendships. However, in girls, it was also associated with anxiety and depression (the same association was not found with the boys).

If we look at the theory behind why individuals ruminate, it may shed some light on why friends co-ruminate. ________ So if two people believe rumination is beneficial, then working together to co-ruminate to find answers may seem like a useful thing to do, as two heads may appear better than one. But focusing on problems and negative emotion together can increase negative beliefs and moods — and result in a greater need to co-ruminate.

Traditionally, therapy has not prioritised handling rumination or co-rumination directly as maintaining factors in psychological problems. Instead, approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) have aimed to challenge only the content of rumination. Humanistic approaches such as counselling have provided conditions to potentially ruminate on the content of problems. And psychodynamic (心理动力的) approaches such as psychoanalysis have aimed to analyze the content of rumination.

________ But if this occurs in therapy, a strong therapeutic relationship may well be a positive outcome of co-rumination — regardless of whether the client's symptoms improve or not.

And, on the social side, discussing problems with friends doesn't always have to lead to worsening mental health, as long as the discussion involves finding solutions and the person with the problem acts on those solutions. Then, relationships can be positive and beneficial to both parties, and a problem shared can really be a problem halved.

A. According to a leading theory on rumination, people believe that it will help them find answers and make them feel better.

B. How you co-ruminate matters too.

C. Focusing on the content of rumination runs the risk of fostering co-rumination between client and therapist.

D. How problems are discussed, though, can be the difference between halving a problem or doubling it.

E. Co-rumination with work colleagues can increase the risk of stress and tiredness, one study suggests.

F. Research shows that co-rumination is a double-edged sword.

【答案】 D；F；A；C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。与朋友过多地讨论问题，反复讨论同样的问题，期待未来的问题，并关注负面情绪，这种被称为"共同反刍"。共同反刍是一把双刃剑，可能

会让问题减半，也可能会让问题加倍。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前"Indeed, having close friends to trust is a good relief against poor mental health."可知拥有亲密的朋友确实可以很好地缓解心理健康状况。后文，也就是从第二段开始作者介绍了共同反刍的涵义和利弊。空格处需要承上启下，D. How problems are discussed, though, can be the difference between halving a problem or doubling it."但是，如何讨论问题可能是将问题减半或加倍问题的区别。"切题，故选D。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后"In a study…with anxiety and depression (the same association was not found with the boys)."可知下文介绍了一项涉及7至15岁儿童的研究，研究发现男孩和女孩的共同反刍与"高质量"和亲密的友谊有关。然而，在女孩中，它也与焦虑和抑郁有关。说明共同反刍既有利也有弊。承上启下， F. Research shows that co-rumination is a double-edged sword."研究发现共同反刍是把双刃剑"切题。F项的researches与后文的the study相呼应。故选F。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前"If we look at the theory behind why individuals ruminate, it may shed some light on why friends co-ruminate."可知作者想用个人反刍的理论来更好地解释朋友间的共同反刍。承接上文， A. According to a leading theory on rumination, people believe that it will help them find answers and make them feel better."根据反刍的主要理论，人们相信反刍会帮助他们找到答案并让他们感觉更好。"切题。A项 a leading theory on rumination与前文中的the theory behind why individuals ruminate相呼应。故选A。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后"But if this occurs in therapy, a strong therapeutic relationship may well be a positive outcome of co-rumination —regardless of whether the client's symptoms improve or not."可知在如果在治疗时出现了这件事(this)，强烈的治疗关系很可能是共同反刍的积极结果- 无论客户的症状是否有所改善。空格处需要解释后文this指代的是什么，即什么发生了。呼应下文， C. Focusing on the content of rumination runs the risk of fostering co-rumination between client and therapist."专注于反刍的内容存在促进客户和治疗师之间共同反思的风险。"切题。后文this指代的就是C项的内容。故选C。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

6．阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

Dear James,

It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden. I have just returned from a long bike ride to an old castle. It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon. It's my birthday in two weeks' time and I'll be 82 years old! I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.

This brings me to the real reason for my letter, my dear grandson. Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now your are finding it difficult to give it up. Believe me, I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is to stop. You see, during adolescence I also smoked and became addicted to cigarettes.

By the way, did you know that this is because you become addicted in three different ways? First, you can become physically addicted to nicotine（尼古丁）, which is one of the hundreds of chemical in cigarettes. This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it. So when the drug leaves your body, you get withdrawal symptoms. Secondly, you become addicted through habit. As you know, if you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically. Lastly, you can become mentally addicted. I believed I was happier and more relaxed after having a cigarette, so I began to think that I could only feel good when I smoked. Quitting smoking was really difficult because I was addicted in all three ways. But I did finally manage.

When I was young, I didn't know much about the harmful effects of smoking. I didn't know, for example, that it could do terrible damage to your heart and lungs or that it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant. Neither did I know that my cigarette smoke could affect the health of non-smokers. However, what I did know was that my girlfriend thought I smelt terrible. She told me that she wouldn't go out with me again unless I stopped! I also noticed that I became breathless quickly, and that I wasn't enjoying sport as much. When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it was time to quit smoking.

I am sending you some advice I found on the internet. It might help you to stop and strengthen your resolve. I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.

Love from

Grandpa （1）Why did the writer mention the long bike ride and his age in the letter? (no more than 15 words)

（2）What's the purpose of writing the letter? (no more than 10 words)

（3）What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean? (no more than 5 words)

（4）Why did the grandpa decide to quit smoking? (no more than 20 words)

（5）Do you think it easy or difficult to quit smoking? Please give James some possible advice to help him. (no more than 15 words)

【答案】（1）To tell he grandson that he has benefited from the healthy life he lives.

（2）He wanted to persuade James to quit smoking.

（3）He succeeded in quitting smoking.

（4）Because his girlfriend left him, he began to have some healthy problems and even was taken off the football team.

（5）Open.

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了爷爷给孙子的一些建议，要注意进行适当的锻炼，不要吸烟，文中提到他自己以前的不良的嗜好现在也克服了，经过不断的锻炼现在虽然八十多岁了身体扔然很硬朗，建议孙子放弃吸烟，保持有健康的身体很重要。

（1）考查信息提升能力。根据第一段中的“It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon. It's my birthday in two weeks' time and I'll be 82 years old! I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.”可知，作者爷爷提到年龄和骑自行车的事情，是为了说明身体健康的重要性，故得出答案：T o tell he grandson that he has benefited from the healthy life he lives.。

（2）考查信息提升能力。根据第二段中的“This brings me to the real reason for my letter, my dear grandson. Your mother tells me that your started smoking some time ago and now your are finding it difficult to give it up.”可知，爷爷写信的目的在于劝说孙子戒烟。因此答案He wanted to persuade James to quit smoking.

（3）考查信息提升能力。根据第三段中的“Quitting smoking was really difficult because I was addicted in all three ways.”可知，戒烟很难，但是本句句首but可知，爷爷成功了，故答案为He succeeded in quitting smoking.

（4）考查信息提升能力。根据倒数第二段中的“She told me that she wouldn't go out with me again unless I stopped! I also noticed that I became breathless quickly, and that I wasn't enjoying sport as much. When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it was time to quit smoking.”可知，当爷爷的女朋友离开了他，身体不适，被足球队给踢出来了，正是这些原因让他决定戒烟。因此答案为：Because his girlfriend left him, he began to have some healthy problems and even was taken off the football team.

（5）本题属于开放性问题，包含两个问题，第一个戒烟难不难？第二，给一些建议，建议言之有理即可。

【点评】本题涉及信息提升能力和开放题型的考查，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，，根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的语法知识，做出正确答案。

7．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

How much do you know about colors? The colors that you select create a distinct atmosphere in the room. ________

Pick the color for your room and you can create whatever you feel like. The color will also help you to enlarge the space or making it more inviting, which will also make differently all about it. However, the trick is to select the right version of that particular color. There are different hues (色调) for blues, for instance. ________ Here we have presented a guide that will let you gain a deep insight about the colors.

Blue

________ For kitchen, bathrooms and bedrooms it is an ideal choice. Of course it is also associated with sadness that means it may not strike note for each and everyone. It is a popular choice among people. Blue comes from the cold side of the color wheel, so it can make the room feel cold, unless and until it is south filling space. If you are attracted to blue color, think of going for purple, or mix red and purple.

Dark blue is best for a living room. Probably it is best reserved for high ceiling space. ________ Green

Like blue, green is also a calm shade. ________ It is the shade that reflects nature and renewal. Green produces a positive energy without the feeling of overstimulation.

A. Colors can light up the mood of the room.

B. You can use it for a living room or a bedroom.

C. They won't create similar effect and atmosphere generally.

D. Traditionally, blue is just related to calmness and comfort.

E. It is better that you select colors that are very warm like blue.

F. Dark blue will really make you feel the wall appear near to you.

G. But before diving into any decision, here's what you need to know.

【答案】 G；C；D；F；B

【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。我们为自己的房间所选的颜色会对我们的感受产生一定的影响。

（1）根据上文“The colors that you select create a distinct atmosphere in the room.”可知颜色的选择会在房间里创造了一种独特的氛围。本空指在你做任何决定之前，你需要了解“颜色”的相关知识，故选G。

（2）根据上文“However, the trick is to select the right version of that particular color. There are different hues (色调) for blues, for instance.”可知颜色有不同的版本，因此会产生不同的效果和氛围，故选C。

（3）根据标题可知，本段主要讲述“蓝色”带给人的感受，故根据标题Blue可定位到D选项：传统上，蓝色只与平静和舒适有关。故选D。

（4）根据上文“Dark blue is best for a living room. Probably it is best reserved for high ceiling space.”可知本段主要讲“Dark blue”故可定位到F选项：深蓝色会让你觉得墙离你很近。故选F。

（5）根据后文“Green produces a positive energy without the feeling of overstimulation.”可知绿色产生一种积极的能量，没有过度刺激的感觉。故绿色适合客厅和卧室，故选B。

【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤

1）分析选项，串联主题：了解文章的主题、大意，会让解题的方向更明确。 2）研究空格前后，对比选项，选择答案。3）复读短文，核对答案：为了保证答案的正确性，一定要把答案代入原文，进行核对检查。

8．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

The Silk Road was a historical network of trade routes that connected China and the Mediterranean Sea, allowing cultural and economic interaction between the East and the West. Begun in the 2nd Century B C, the Silk Road carried goods, ideas, and even illness for thousands of miles between great civilizations for more than a thousand years. ________ It was the creation of Germany's Ferdinand von Richthofen, who traveled to China several times in the second half of the 19th Century.

China's powerful Han Dynasty began expanding its trade routes towards the West in the years around 100 B.C. ________ Some shipments made it through to Europe and to northern and eastern Africa, through the port of Alexandria.

As its name suggests, the Silk Road was home to large amount of silk, which made its way from China to the Mediterranean and, to Rome. It wasn't only silk, however, that was carried along the Silk Road ________ Chinese traders brought delicate porcelain plates and thin but durable paper money. Romans brought delicately carved pottery (陶器）and jewelry to China.

________ Merchants carried shipments from major center, and then others carried the foods

farther on the route. Many merchants traveled in groups, called carvans (商队). Many carvans and individual merchants traveled with bodyguards because theft along the routes was not uncommon.

Several cities along the Silk Road became major trading centers. Some of the more famous of these were Alexandria, Karakorum, Antioch, Constantinople, and Persepolis. Local taxes placed on goods traveling along the route were quite common. ________

A. The name, however, is a modem idea.

B. Diseases also spread along the Silk Road.

C. It sent silk and other goods to other civilizations.

D. Merchants would prepare some supplies in advance.

E. Goods did not travel with the same person all along the route.

F. As a result, many goods traveled only part of the way due to the high cost

G. Many other things made their way from the East to the West, or from the West to the East.【答案】 A；C；G；E；F

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了丝绸之路的历史、发展及其对东西方文明的影响。

（1）上文说丝绸之路始于公元前2世纪，一千多年来，伟大文明之间的货物和思想都通过丝绸之路传输，下文又说这个称呼是由德国人Ferdinand von Richthofen发明的，19世纪中叶他曾多次访问中国，此处需要一个承上启下的句子，故A项（然而，这个名字是一个现代的概念）符合语境。

（2）根据本空后的“Some shipments made it through to Europe and to northern and eastern Africa, through the port of Alexandria.”可知，一些货物通过亚历山大港送往欧洲、东非和北非，此处是说货物通过丝绸之路运送到别的地方，故C项（它把丝绸和其他商品送到其他文明）符合语境。

（3）上文说沿着丝绸之路运送的不只是丝绸，下文又说中国商人带来了精致的瓷盘和薄而耐用的纸币，罗马人把雕刻精美的陶器和朱宝带到中国，此处是说丝绸之路还运送除了丝绸以外的东西，故G项（还有很多别的东西，从西到东，从东到西，都在这条路上运输）符合语境。

（4）根据本空后的“Merchants carried shipments from major center, and then others carried the foods farther on the route.”可知，商人们从主要的运输中心运送货物，然后其他人把货物运送到更远的地方，故E项（货物并不是一路由一个人运送的）符合语境。

（5）根据本空前的“Local taxes placed on goods traveling along the route were quite common.可知，对丝绸之路上运输的货物征收地方税是很常见的，此处说的是征收地方税的影响，故F项（因此，由于成本高，许多货物只能走一部分路）符合语境。

【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤

1）分析选项，串联主题：了解文章的主题、大意，会让解题的方向更明确。 2）研究空格前后，对比选项，选择答案。3）复读短文，核对答案：为了保证答案的正确性，一定要把答案代入原文，进行核对检查。

9．请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单

词。注意:每个空格只填1个单词。

Pretending you're someone else can make you creative

One great irony(讽刺) about our collective fascination with creativity is that we tend to frame it in uncreative ways. That is to say, most of us marry creativity to our concept of self: We are either "creative" people or we aren't, without much of a middle ground.

Pillay, a tech businessman and Harvard professor has spent a good part of his career destroying these ideas. Pillay believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to dismiss the conventional advice that urges you to "believe in yourself". In fact, you should do the exact opposite: believe you are someone else.

In a recent column for Harvard Business Review, Pillay pointed to a 2016 study showing the impact of stereotypes(刻板印象)on one's behavior. The authors, education psychologists Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar, divided their college student subjects into three categories, instructing the members of one group to think of themselves as "eccentric(古怪的) poets" and the members of another to imagine they were "rigid librarians" (people in the third category, the control group, were left alone for this part). The researchers then presented participants with 10 ordinary objects, including a fork, a carrot, and a pair of pants, and asked them to come up with as many different uses as possible for each one. Those who were asked to imagine themselves as "eccentric poets" came up with the widest range of ideas for the objects, while those in the "rigid librarian" group had the fewest. Meanwhile, the researchers found only small differences in students' creativity levels across academic majors—in fact, the physics majors inhabiting(寄生) the personas(伪装的外表) of "eccentric poets" came up with more ideas than the art majors did. These results, write Dumas and Dunbar, suggest that creativity is not an individual quality, but a "malleable(可塑的) product of context and perspective." Everyone can be creative, as long as they feel like creative people.

Pillay's work takes this a step further: He argues that identifying yourself with creativity is less powerful than the creative act of imagining you're somebody else. This exercise, which he calls "psychological halloweenism", refers to the conscious action of inhabiting another persona—an inner costuming of the self. It works because it is an act of "conscious unfocus", a way of positively stimulating the default mode(默认模式) network, a collection of brain regions that spring into action when you're not focused on a specific task or thought.

Most of us spend too much time worrying about two things: How successful/unsuccessful we are, and how little we're focusing on the task at hand. The former feeds the latter—an unfocused person is an unsuccessful one, we believe. Thus, we force ourselves into quiet areas, buy noise canceling headphones, and hate ourselves for taking breaks.

What makes Pillay's argument stand out is its healthy, forgiving realism: According to him, most people spend nearly half of their days in a state of "unfocus". This doesn't make us lazy people—it makes us human. The idea behind psychological halloweenism is: What if we stopped judging ourselves for our mental down time, and instead started using it? Putting this new idea on daydreaming means addressing two problems at once: You're making yourself more creative, and you're giving yourself permission to do something you'd otherwise feel guilty about. Imagining yourself in a new situation, or an entirely new identity, never felt so productive.

Title: Pretending you're someone else can make you creative

creativity；individual/personal；positively；subscribes；realistic/practical；forgive

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了假装你是别人会让你更有创造力。

（1）考查信息归纳。根据第一段中的“One great irony(讽刺) about our collective fascination with creativity is that we tend to frame it in uncreative ways.”可知，我们大多数人对自己要么有创造力要么没有创造力的想法印象深刻:两者之间不存在中间地带。故答案为fascinated/impressed。

（2）考查信息归纳。根据第二段中的“Pillay believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to dismiss the conventional advice that urges you to ’believe in yourself‘. In f act, you should do the exact opposite: believe you are someone else.”可知，与普遍的看法相反，皮莱的建议是，你应该相信你是别人。故答案为Contrary。

（3）考查信息归纳。根据第三段中的“instructing the members of one group to think of themselves as ’eccentric(古怪的) poets‘ and the members of another to imagine they were ’rigid librarians‘(people in the third category, the control group, were left alone for this part).”可知，其中一组被要求认为自己是“古怪的诗人”，另一组是“刻板的图书管理员”，第三组作为对照组。故答案为worked/acted/served/functioned。

（4）考查句义理解。根据第三段中的“The researchers then presented participants w ith 10 ordinary objects，including a fork, a carrot, and a pair of pants, and asked them to come up with as many different uses as possible for each one.”可知，前两组被要求为每个给定对象想出尽可能多的不同用途。故答案为given。

（5）考查句义理解。根据第三段中的“Meanwhile, the researchers found only small differences in students' creativity levels across academic majors—in fact, the physics majors inhabiting(寄生) the personas(伪装的外表) of ’eccentric poets‘ came up with more ideas than the art majors did.”可知，学生的创造力水平并不总是与专业类型成正比。故答案为creativity。

（6）考查原词复现。根据第四段中的“These results, write Dumas and Dunbar, suggest that creativity is not an individual quality, but a ’malleable(可塑的) product of context and perspective.‘”可知，因此，创造力可能是环境和视角的产物，而不是个人的东西。故答案为individual/personal。

（7）考查信息归纳。根据第五段中的”This exercise, which he calls“psychological halloweenism", refers to the conscious action of inhabiting another persona—an inner costuming of the self. It works because it is an act of ’conscious unfocus‘, a way of positively stimulating the default mode(默认模式) network.“可知，"psychological halloweenism"的实施是指通过积极刺激默认模式网络，有意识地成为他人的行为。故答案为positively。

（8）考查句义理解。根据最后一段中的”Pillay's work takes this a step further: He argues that identifying yourself with creativity is less powerful than the creative act of imagining you're somebody else.“可知，Pillay坚决支持把你想象成别人的观点，并建议我们不要担心自己有多成功或不成功。故答案为subscribes。

（9）考查概括总结。根据右栏内容可知这里在讲述“演习的现实意义”。故答案为realistic/practical。

（10）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的”You're making yourself more creative, and you're giving yourself permission to do something you'd otherwise feel guilty about. Imagining yourself in a new situation, or an entirely new identity, never felt so productive.“可知，我们完全有权利原谅自己注意力不集中，因为这不仅是人性的表现，而且还能让我们更有创造力和富有成效。故答案为forgive。

【点评】本题考点涉及信息归纳，句义理解，原词复现，概括总结和推理判断五个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。

10．阅读下列短文并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词，每空一词。

Ready for final year

Even though they're anxiously awaiting their gaokao, Senior 3 students feel relieved after having survived their busiest year of high school.

Your milestone year begins in just two months, so how can you make the most of it? Here, three graduates offer some practical advice to help you navigate (航行) your final year in the right

way.

Sun Hairuo, High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China, Beijing:

Think ahead about your major. Even though some universities allow students to switch to a new major after enrollment, it still involves a lot of effort to do. So while you're preparing for the gaokao, start to consider what field you want to major in at the same time.

When I was aware of my interest in social science, I began to collect information on the internet about what courses I'd like to take in university and what life would be like on campus if I chose this direction. Don't judge a major before you know everything about it, since your entire future depends on it.

Qian Wenjing, Hangzhou Foreign Language School, Zhejiang:

Enjoy a hobby alongside your studies. It's important to get high marks in all subjects, but if you have nothing that can distract you from the piles of homework, you'll have no motivation.

For example, I run a WeChat public account, which you can find by searching for “大嘴小个儿” on WeChat. On it, I share my reflections on life, recommend good books and introduce learning methods to others. I also make videos on how to write an interesting daily journal for the video platform https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d316713474.html,.

So, keep on top of your schoolwork, but make sure you find time to let your hair down sometimes too.

Wang Zixin, Beijing No 4 High School, Beijing:

Create your own system of knowledge using a notebook. In the review stage, find your weak points on every science subject after each exam. Summarize the knowledge behind the errors in your notebook — this will not only identify the problem, but will also save you time when you don't have to spend so long figuring out the answer.

As for liberal arts subjects such as Chinese and English, write down any memorable sentences you come across in your notebook.

And keep it in mind that improvements don't happen right away — it takes time to get better. Ready for final year

like；remember

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙，三位高中已毕业的学生分享他们在高三学习的经验，让现在的高三学子坚定信念，更好地迎接忙碌的高三生活。

（1）考查词义转换。根据第一段中的“Even though they're anxiously awaiting their gaokao, Senior 3 students feel relieved after having survived their busiest year of high school.”中关键词await，可以用短语wait for替换。故填waiting。

（2）考查原词重现。根据第二段中的“Here, three graduates offer some practical advic e to help you navigate (航行) your final year in the right way.”中的advice，注意首字母大写。故填Advice。

（3）考查词性转化。根据第三段中的“So while you're preparing for the gaokao, start to consider what field you want to major in at the same time.” 动词短语prepare for转化为名词短语make preparatio n for“为……做准备”。故填preparation。

（4）考查原词重现。根据第四段中的“When I was aware of my interest in social science, I began to collect information on the internet about what courses I'd like to take in university and what life would be like on campus if I chose this direct ion.”中aware在题中作状语。故填aware。

（5）考查词性转化。根据第五段中的“It's important to get high marks in all subjects, but if you have nothing that can distract you from the piles of homework, you'll have no motivation.”中的名词motivation转化为形容词motivational作表语。故填motivational。

（6）考查词义转换。根据第七段中的“So, keep on top of your schoolwork, but make sure you find time to let your hair down sometimes too.”中短语keep on top of (保持优势)，转换为keep the advantage。故填advantage。

（7）考查词义转换。根据第七段中的“So, keep on top of your schoolwork, but make sure you find time to let your hair down sometimes too.”中的let your hair down为俚语“放松一下”，转换为动词relax。故填relax。

（8）考查定语从句。根据文章第六段For example, I run a WeChat public account, which you can find by searching for “大嘴小个儿” on WeChat. On it, I share my reflections on life, recommend good books and introduce learning methods to others.中的On it，题中先行词WeChat public account，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where。故填where。（9）考查词义转换。根据倒数第二段中的“As for liberal arts subjects such as Chinese and English, write down any memorable sentences you come across in your no tebook.”中的such as 转换为like。故填like。

（10）考查词义转换。根据最后一段中的“And keep it in mind that improvements don't happen right away —it takes time to get better. ”中的keep … in mind转换为remember。故填

remember。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义转换，原词重现，词性转化等题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。

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