初中宾语从句讲解及练习

宾语从句

在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。它在句中可以充当及物动词、介词或形容词的并与。宾语从句的三大考点即：引导词、时态和语序。

一、宾语从句的引导词

1.that引导的宾语从句

当宾语从句是陈述句时，用连接词that引导，that在口语、非正式文体中常被省略。

He says(that) he has been to Shanghai twice.他说他去过上海两次。

She said (that) she went to the park last week.她说她上周去公园了。

2. 特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句

当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，特殊疑问词就是引导词。特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句疑问词不可省略。

Could you please tell me where we will have a meeting?你能告诉我们将在哪儿开会

吗？

I wondered what I should do next.我想知道下一步该做什么。

3. if或whether引导的宾语从句

（1）当宾语从句由一般疑问句变来时，要用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。If和whether 只起到连接作用，不充当句子成分，一般情况下可互换，但if常用于口语中，whether 常用于正式文体中。

I want to know if /whether he is waiting for me.我想知道他是否在等我。

Could you tell me if /whether you have been to Australia? 你能告诉我你是否去过澳

大利亚吗？

（2）下列情况下一般只能用whether：

①与or not连用时

I don’t know whether he likes the movie or not. 我不知道他喜不喜欢这部电影。

②作介词的宾语时

Everything depends on whether we have enough time.一切取决于我们是否有足够的

时间。

③放在不定式前，与不定式组成词组时

She hasn’t decided whether to go or not.她还没决定去还是不去。

④作discuss等词的宾语时

We discussed whether we should close the shop.我们讨论了是否该关闭那家商店。二、宾语从句的时态

（1）如果主句是一般现在时，宾语从句可用其所需的任何时态。

He says (that) he has seen this film.他说他已经看过这部电影了。

He says (that) he is watching TV.他说他正在看电视。

（2）如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句常用过去的某种时态。

He said they would go to Hainan winter holiday.他说他们将去海南度假。

She didn’t know if they had seen the movie.她不知道他们是否看过那部电影了。

注意：

如果从句的内容表示的是客观真理或不可改变的自然现象等，虽然主句用了过去时态，从句仍然用一般现在时。

The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转动。

The teacher said light travels faster than sound.老师说光比声音传播得快。

三、宾语从句的语序

当宾语从句是疑问句时，要用陈述语序。

What’s his father’s name? 他父亲叫什么名字？

I don’t know what his father’s name is? 我不知道他父亲叫什么名字？

When will they leave for Shanghai?你们什么时候去上海？

Can you tell me when they will leave for Shanghai?你能告诉我他们什么时候去上海吗？

四、宾语从句的否定转移

当宾语从句表示否定意义时，如果主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect等词时，通常将否定转移到主句的谓语动词中。

I don’t believe he will come.我相信他不会来了。

I don’t think there is anything wrong with the radio.我认为这台收音机没有毛病。

注意：

1.当宾语从句的否定转移时，若主句的主语是第一人称，则该句的反意思疑问句由从句来

决定。

I don’t think he is an honest boy, is he ?我认为他不是一个诚实的孩子，对吗？

2.若主句的主语不是第一人称，则该句的反意疑问句由主句来决定。

Y o u believe he will come here soon, don’t you ?你相信他很快就会来这儿，不是吗？

练习

一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。

1. These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.

He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong.

2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.

My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound.

3. There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know.

Jack didn’t know _____ there _____ ____ a meeting in five days.

4. Can they speak French? I want to know.

I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French.

5. Are the children playing games? Tell me.

Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games.

6. Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.

Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang ____ _____ ____ ____ ___ homework yet.

7. How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?

Who knows ______ _____ _____ ____ _____ ______ in the picture?

8. Where did she park her car? Do you know?

Do you know _____ _____ ____ her car?

9. What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.

The girl wondered _____ _____ often ________ about.

10. Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know.

I don’ t know ____ _______ at the door so loudly.

11. Does he still live in that street? I don't know.

I don't know ______ he still _______ in that street.

12. What's his name? I asked him.

I asked him what _____ _____ _____.

13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.

Please tell me ________ _________ ________ _________.

14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys.

He asked the boys _______ they ______ fried chicken.

15. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know.

I don't know _______ the watch _______ made in Shanghai.

二、完成句子

1．I wanted to know_______________________________(她在和谁交谈)

2．He said_______________________________________(他以前见过我)

3．I'm sorry for__________________________________(我所做的事)

4．The teacher asked______________________________(谁能回答这个问题) 5．Jane said that__________________________________(她将乘飞机去那里) 6．I wanted to know_______________________________(她是否有一些钱) 7．We haven't decided____________________________(我们下一步该做什么) 8．I think that English is___________________________(没有数学难)

9．I'm not sure___________________________________(昨天天气是否晴朗) 10．He asked me__________________________________(是如何处理这件事的) 11．Do you know_________________________________(是否要下雨)

12．I wanted to know______________________________(她是否来还是不来)

三、用合适的连接词填空。

1. Jim told me ____ he didn't go fishing yesterday afternoon.（how, why）

2. Do you know ______ else is going to be on duty today？（who, whom）

3. She said _____ it wouldn't matter much.（that, if）

4. He always thinks ______ he can do better.（how, who）

5. I really don't know ________ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）

6. They don't know _______ to go or wait. (if, whether)

7. We are talking about ______ we’ll go back tomorrow. (whether, if)

8. I was really surprised at ______ I saw. (where, what)

9. I don't know ____ so many people are looking at him. (how, why)

10. Do you know ______ you are studying for? (why, what)

四、句型转换。

1. “Do you want to try it?” Tom's mother asked him.(同义句)

Tom's mother asked him _______ _______ ______ to try it.

2. I think this is a good idea.（改为否定句）

I _______ ________ this ________ a good idea.

3. Lucy hasn't decided which trousers to buy.（改为复合句

Lucy hasn't decided ________ _________ ________ _______ buy.

4. I don't know how I can get to the hospital.（改为简单句

I don't know ________ ________ ________ to the hospital.

5. I don’t suppose they will come, _______ ______ ? (改为反意疑问句)

五、用所给动词的正确形式填空。

1. We are sure that he ________ (go) to school tomorrow.

2. Do you know who ______ (be) the first man to walk on the moon?

3. Could you tell me where the post office ______ (is)?

4. Our father said that he _______ (will) buy a new computer.

5. I hear that he _______ (swim) in the sea yesterday.

6. The little boy tells us where his father _______ (work).

7. He said that he _________ (finish) his work already.

8. They thought they could _______ (hike) to the top of the mountain.

9. He was glad that so many people _____ (help) him.

10. She doesn’t know whether ________ (go) or wait.

六、选择填空。

( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said ____________________.

A. if you are free the next week

B. what color was it

C. the weather is fine

D. summer comes after spring

( ) 2. Tom asked my friend ________________.

A. where was he from

B. that the earth is bigger than the moon

C. when did he come back

D. not to be so angry

( ) 3. Let me tell you __________________.

A. how much is the car

B. how much does the car cost

C. how much did I pay for the car

D. how much I spent on the car ( ) 4. Peter knew _______________.

A. whether he has finished reading the book

B. why the boy had so many questions

C. there were 12 months in a year

D. when they will leave for Paris

( ) 5. Could you tell me ___________?

A. where do you live

B. who you are waiting for

C. who were you waiting for

D. where you live in

( ) 6. I can't understand ______the boy alone.

A. why she left

B. why did she leave

C. why she had left

D. why had she left

( ) 7. She told me the sun ______ in the east.

A. rise

B. rose

C. rises

D. had risen

( ) 8.I don't know ________ up so early last Sunday.

A. why did he get

B. why he gets

C. why does he get

D. why he got

( ) 9. The manager came up to see __________.

A. what was the matter

B. what the matter was

C. what the matter is

D. what's the matter

( ) 10. He asked his father _______.

A. where it happens

B. where did it happen

C. how it happened

D. how did it happen

( ) 11. No one tells us______, so we need your help.

A. how we should do

B. what should we do

C. how to do it

D. what to do it

( ) 12. Could you please teach me _______ the computer.

A. how check

B. to check

C. how to check

D. to how checking ( ) 13.They don't know _______their parents are.

A that

B what

C why

D which

参考答案：

一、1.that, were 2.that, travels 3.that, would be 4.if/whether they can speak 5.if/whether, are playing 6.if/whether he had finished his 7. how many people you can see 8.where she parked 9.what he, talked 10.who knocked 11.if/whether, lives 12.his name was

14.if/whether, wanted 15.if/whether, was

二、1. whom she was talking with

2. he had seen me before

3. what I have done

4. who could answer the question

5. she would go there by plane

6. if/whether she had any money

7. what we should do next

8. not so difficult as maths

9. if/whether it will be sunny tomorrow

10. what I did with the matter

11. if it is going to rain

12. whether she would come or not

三、1.why 2.who 3.that 4.how 5.how soon 6.whether 7.whether 8.what 9.why

10.what

四、1.if/whether he wanted 2.don’t think, is 3.which trousers she can 4.how to get 5.will they

五、1.will go 2.was 3. is 4.would 5.swam 6.works

7.had finished 8.hike 9.helped 10.to go

六、1—5: DDDBB 6—10:ACDBC 11—13:CCB

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