高中英语Unit2SportseventsSectionⅢGrammar——情态动词教案(含解析)牛津译林版必修4

Section ⅢGrammar——情态动词

一、基本概念

情态动词作为谓语的一部分，无人称和数的变化(have to除外)，要与谓语动词构成完整谓语，但在简略回答时，可单独使用。情态动词有can(could)，may(might)，must，have to，shall(should)，will(would)，dare(dared)，need(needed)，ought to等。

二、基本用法

1．can(could)

(1)表示能力，can表示现在的能力，could主要指过去的能力。

You can tell the significance of climate change to us.

你可以告诉我们气候变化的重要意义。

I simply couldn't figure out his intention.

我简直揣摩不透他的用意。

[名师点津]

can表示能力的时候，还可以用be able to代替，can用于一般现在时，could用于一般过去时。can(could)表示具备这样的能力，但不一定做了，而be able to表示不但具备这样的能力，而且经过努力做了。

Can you come to the party tomorrow?

明天你能来参加聚会吗？

He was a good swimmer so he was able to swim to the riverbank when the boat sank.

他是一个很擅长游泳的人，所以当船下沉时，他能够游到河岸上。

(2)表示请求许可。

当请求允许做某事时，两者均可用，但用could语气更委婉。当表示允许某人做某事时，一般要用can，而不用could。

—Can/Could I use your bike tomorrow morning?

—Yes，you can./No.I'm afraid not.

——我明天早晨能用你的自行车吗？

——是的，可以。/不，恐怕不行。

You can go with them if you like.

如果你愿意的话，可以和他们一起去。

(3)表示推测。

can表推测时一般用于否定句和疑问句中(could一般无此限制)。表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定时，常用“can/could＋have＋过去分词”的否定或疑问形式。

It can't/couldn't be true.

那不可能是真的。

Can/Could he have heard the news?

他过去听说这个消息了吗？

(4)表示客观的可能性(并非主观推测)，意思是“有时候可能会”。

The weather in Shanghai can/could be very cold in winter.

上海冬季可能很冷。

(5)表示惊异、怀疑，不相信的态度(主要用在否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)。

How can you be so careless!

你怎么那么粗心呀！

[即时训练1] 选词填空：can，could，be able to

①Man can not live without air.

②Being a wise person，he finally was able to find the place.

③The cheater said that he could turn stone into gold.

2．may(might)

(1)表示允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。

You may come if you wish.

如果你想来，你就来。

May(Might)I ask for a photo of your baby?

我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？

[名师点津]

对may的一般疑问句的肯定回答可用may或can，但作否定回答时要用mustn't或can't。

—May I smoke here?

—No，you mustn't.You'd better not.

—我可以在这里吸烟吗？

—不，不可以。你最好不要吸烟。

(2)表示可能。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气不肯定。

He may be at home at the moment.

他现在可能在家。

She may not know about it.

她可能不知道这件事。

(3)用于表祝愿的句子中。

May both the bride and groom have long and happy lives.

祝新娘新郎幸福长寿。

3．must(have to)

(1)must表示必须，没有时态变化。强调的是一种主观看法，也表示责任或义务。have to 表示“必须，不得不”，是由于某种外界(客观)原因而“必须，不得不”做某事。mustn't表示禁止做某事；have to的否定形式表示“不必”。have to可用于多种时态中。

My brother was very ill，so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.

我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)

He said that he must work hard.

他说他必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)

[名师点津]

回答must引出的疑问句时，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustn't，而要用needn't或don't have to。

—Must we hand in our exercise books now?

—Yes，you must.(No，you needn't./No，you don't have to.)

——我们现在就必须要交练习本吗？

——是的，必须。(不，不必。)

(2)must表示猜测。意为“想必，准是，一定”等，只用于肯定句。

The book must be the one you want.

这本书一定是你要的那本。

She's wearing a diamond necklace.She must have a lot of money.

她戴着钻石项链，一定很有钱。

(3)must还可表示“偏要”。表示说话人不耐烦、不满的情绪。

Why must it rain on Sunday?

为什么偏要在星期天下雨？

[即时训练2] 用适当的情态动词填空

①My sister is ill；my mother has to look after her.

②There's a lot of noise from next door.They must be having a party.

③—Must I return all the books in three days?

—Yes，you must．(No，you needn't/don't have to．)

④If you must go，at least wait until the storm is over.

4．shall

(1)表示征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。

Shall I get you some more tea?

再来点茶好吗？

Shall the boy wait outside?

让那男孩在外面等吗？

(2)表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。

You shall come on time.

你必须准时到。(命令)

He shall have the book when I finish reading it.

我读完这本书就给他。(允诺)

Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan.

没有什么事情能阻止我们实施这项计划。(决心)

No reader shall remove a book from the library without permission.

未经许可，读者不准把书带出图书馆。

[即时训练3] 选择下列句中shall的含义

A．允诺B．警告C．威胁D．征求意见

①You shall fail if you don't work harder.

②You shall get an answer from me tomorrow.

③You shall be punished for what you've done.

④Shall I watch TV for a while？

[答案] ①B②A③C④D

(1)表示义务、责任。意为“应该”，用于各种人称。

You should be polite to your teachers.

你对老师应该有礼貌。

(2)表示可能性很大的猜测，意为“想必一定，照说应该，估计”等。

The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors.

这部电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。

(3)表示说话人的惊讶、愤怒、失望等特殊情感，意为“居然，竟然”。

Amazing！You should wear slippers at work.

真令人惊讶，你竟然穿着拖鞋上班。

6．will(would)

(1)表示意志或意愿。will指现在，would指过去，用于否定句表示“不肯，不乐意”。

I will never do that again.

我决不会再做那种事了。

(2)表示征求意见或提出请求。主要用于第二人称疑问句中，will和would均可用，would 此时不表示过去，而是表示委婉语气。

Will/Would you pass me the book?

请你把书递给我好吗？

(3)will和would可分别表示现在和过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向，意为“总是；常常”。

Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词填空

1．Accidents can happen on such a rainy day.

2．The fire spread through the hotel quickly but everyone was able to get out.

3．The school rules say that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day.

4．I saw her go out just now. She can't be at home now.

5．—Must we hand in the homework before school is over?

—No, you needn't. You can hand it in tomorrow morning.

6．My younger sister dare not go out alone at night.

7．You should/ought to do something for your aged parents.

8．When we worked in the same office, we would have coffee together.

9．Why must you always smoke in the office?

10．I'm sorry that you should think so badly of me.

1．他准是病了，他看起来苍白无力。

He must be ill. He looks so pale.

2．我告诉你，有一天他会为这件事后悔的。

He shall be sorry for it one day；I tell you.

3．多年的努力工作，他有能力获奖。

After years of hard work he was able to win the prize．

4．如果你一定要抽烟，至少你应该用个烟灰缸。

If you must smoke，at least you could use an ashtray.

5．我祖母八十岁身体仍很健朗，看书不需要眼镜。

My grandma is well over eighty, and she can read without glasses．

6．他们本应该现在到达上海的。

They should/ought to have arrived in Shanghai by now.

7．Harry上大学时，他常常每天晚饭后去阅览室。

When Harry was at college，he would go to the reading room after supper every day．

8．——谁告诉你我的邮箱地址的？

——我记不清了。可能是Karen。

—W ho told you my e-mail address?

—I don't remember clearly.It may have been Karen.

9．在我家乡三月份通常是很温暖的，但有时天气会相当冷。

It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometimes．10．既然你已经做了十足的准备，那么通过道路考试应该不会有困难。

Now that you have made thorough preparations，there shouldn't be any difficulty in passing the road test.

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