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英国文学史复习资料(三年级专业生期末考试必备)

英国文学史复习资料(三年级专业生期末考试必备)
英国文学史复习资料(三年级专业生期末考试必备)

英国文学史资料British Writers and Works

I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages

贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons

Epic:long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.

e.g. Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey

Artistic features:

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/da17360008.html,ing alliteration

Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a

sentence begin with the same consonant sound(头韵)

Some examples on P5

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/da17360008.html,ing metaphor and understatement

Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled

way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their

ideas

Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里?乔叟1340(?)~1400

(首创“双韵体”,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿(John Dryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。)

The father of English poetry.

It is ____alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive (综合的,广泛的)realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life. ( A )

A. Geoffrey Chaucer

B. Matin Luther

C. William Langland

D. John Gower

writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.

坎特伯雷故事集:

first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English

特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德

声誉之宫

Medieval Ages’ popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)

Famous three:King Arthur

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

Beowulf

II The Renaissance Period

A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream

of the English Renaissance.

Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.

Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival:

1.new discoveries in geography and astrology

2.the religious reformation and economic expansion

3.rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture

The most famous dramatists:

Christopher Marlowe

William Shakespeare

Ben Johnson.

1.Edmund Spenser埃德蒙?斯宾塞1552~1599

(后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。)The poets’ poet.The first to be buried in the Poet’s corner of Westerminster Abbey

12. Which of the following statements is not the reason for that Edmund Spenser is famous for “the poet’s poet”? ( B )

A. Spenser’s idealism

B. his struggle for criteria

C. his love of beauty

D. his exquisite melody

仙后(for Queen Elizabeth)

The theme is not “Arms and the man”, but something more romantic “Fierce wars and faithfull loves”.

Artistic features:

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/da17360008.html,ing Spenserian Stanza

Definition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc.

Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic

hexameter.

牧人日历

The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind.

爱情小唱

2. Thomas More托马斯?莫尔1478~1535

One of the greatest English humanists

乌托邦

3. Francis Bacon弗兰西斯?培根1561~1626

(哲学家、散文家;在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断;近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。)Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.

Writing style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to man’s reason.

学术的推进

随笔(famous quotas: )

The theme of Of Studies: uses and benefits of study and different ways

adopted by different people to pursue studies.

4. Ben Jonson

狐狸

5. Christopher Marlowe柯里斯托弗?马洛1564~1595

“University Wits”, the pioneer of English drama(完善了无韵体诗。)

Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.

14. Marlowe gave new vigor to ____ with his “mighty lines” ( D )

A. the Petrarchan sonnet

B. sestina

C. terza rima

D. blank verse

浮士德博士的悲剧(根据德国

民间故事书写成)

帖木耳大帝

马耳他的犹太人

6. William Shakespeare威廉?莎士比亚1564~1616

①Historical plays:Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ;Richard

II;Henry VIII

②Four Comedies: 皆大欢喜; 第十二夜;

仲夏夜之梦;

Venice>威尼斯商人

③Four Tragedies:哈姆莱特; 奥赛罗;

尔王; 麦克白

④Shakespeare Sonnet :154

Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg

A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in

iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme. III The 17th Century

1. John Milton约翰?弥尔顿1608~1674

(诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。)

①Epics: 失乐园

复乐园

②Dramatic poem: < Samson Agonistes>力士参孙

论出版自由

为英国人民声辩

我的失明

This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde,

typical of Italian sonnet.

Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best

sho can endure the suffering best.

2. John Bunyan约翰?班扬1628~1688

(代表作《天路历程》,宗教寓言,被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”,是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。)

Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人)

①Religionary Allegory:天路历程

3. John Donne

the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人).

Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗):(用语)the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poet’s beloved, with god, or with himself.(主题:love, religious, thought)

Artistic features:

1.conceits or imagery奇思妙喻

2.syllogism三段论

① Meditations 沉思录

The Flea 虱子

② Songs And Sonnets

Holy Sonnets

③Valediction:

IV The 18th Century:Enlightenment同时为美国独立战争与法国大革命提供了框架,

并且导致了资本主义和社会主义的兴起,与音乐史上的巴洛克时期以及艺术史上的新古典主义时期是同一时期。

A revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感) and accuracy

The Age of Enlightenment/Reason:the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(rationality), equality&science(the 18th century)

小说崛起:In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised(realistic novel现实主义小说)

Gothic novel(哥特式小说):mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century)

1. Alexander Pope亚历山大?蒲柏1688~1744

(18世纪英国最伟大的诗人,其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/ “ heroic couplets”。

词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。)

As a representative of the Enlightenment,Pope was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England....

Eg. Among the representatives of the Enlightenment, who was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England? ( C )

A. John Bunyan

B. Daniel Defoe

C. Alexander Pope

D. Jonathan Swift

批评论

Artistic features:

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/da17360008.html,ing “heroic couplets”

卷发遇劫记

道德论

人论

愚人记

2. Samuel Johnson塞缪尔?约翰逊1709~1784

①Dictionary =英语大词典

3. Jonathan Swift乔纳森?斯威夫特1667~1745

(十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist。)

格列佛游记(fictional work)

Four parts:

Lilliput 小人国Brobdingnag 大人国

Flying Island 飞岛Houyhnhnm 马岛

一个小小的建议

书战

木桶的故事

一个麻布商的书信

4. Daniel Defoe丹尼尔?笛福1660~1731

(小说家,新闻记者,小册子作者;十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。)

He is the first writer study of the lower-class people, his language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel.

鲁宾逊漂流记

It praise the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan.

Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life.

It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for

24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England.

5. Henry Fielding亨利?菲尔丁1707~1754

(英国小说家,戏剧家,被誉为“英国小说之父”。)

He is called “Father of English novel”. He was the first to write a “Comic epic in prose”(散文体史诗), and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.

① novels:

弃婴汤姆?琼斯

约瑟夫?安德鲁

大诗人江奈生?威尔德

爱米利亚

② plays:

一七三六年历史记事

堂吉柯德在英国

6. Oliver Goldsmith奥利弗?格尔德斯密斯1730~1774

①poems:

旅游人

荒村

② novel:

威克菲尔德牧师传

7. Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德?布林斯利?施莱登1751~1816

情敌

造谣学校

8. William Blake威廉?布莱克1757~1827

天真之歌

A happy and innocent world from children’s eye.

经验之歌

A word of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a

melancholy tone from men eyes.

Include:

Lamb is a symbol of peace and purity

Tyger is a symbol of dread and oiolence

天堂与地狱的婚姻

9. Robert Burns罗伯特?彭斯1759~1796

The greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century.

Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗

约翰?安德生,我的爱人

一朵红红的玫瑰

往昔时光

不管那一套

我的心在那高原上

V The Romantic Period

The romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s , and end in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott’s death.

Romanticism:It emphasize the specialqualitie of each individual’s mind.(人

应该是独立自由的个体)

In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change

from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of

the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules,

imagination, nature, commonplace.

Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic).

“The Lake Poets”湖畔诗人,who lived in the lake district.

William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert Southey

1. William Wordsworth威廉?华兹华斯1770~1850

(与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。The Lake Poets)

抒情歌谣集(with Samuel Taylor Coleridge)

Theme:1.Nature embodies human beings in their diverse

circumstance. It is nature that give him “strength and

knowledge fullof peace”

2.It is bliss to recolled the beauty of nature in poet mind

while he is in solitude.

Comment:The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful

sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the

reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and

lovely daffodils(水仙) and poet’s philosophical

ideas and mystical thoughts.

③Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey

④The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女

序曲

2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔?泰勒?科尔律治1772~1834

The Lake Poets

古舟子颂

柯里斯塔贝尔

忽必烈汗

Artistic features: mysticism, demonism with strong imagination,

a strange territory

半夜冰霜

忧郁颂

抒情歌谣集(with William Wordsworth)

3. George Gordon Byron乔治?戈登?拜伦1788~1824

(拜伦式英雄Byronic heroes孤傲、狂热、浪漫,却充满了反抗精神。内心充满了孤独与苦闷,却又蔑视群小。恰尔德·哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个“拜伦式英雄”。)

“Byronic hero”is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin, against tyrannical rules or moral principles.

唐?璜

恰尔德?哈罗德尔游记

该隐

当初我们俩分别

4. Persy Bysshe Shelley波西?比希?雪莱1792~1822

①Poetic Drama:解放了的普罗米修斯

Theme: the drama celebraies man’s victory over tyranny and

oppression

麦布女王

伊斯兰的反叛

钦契一家

诗辩

无神论的必要性

③Lyrics:

西风颂

Theme: The author express his eagerness to enjoy the boundless

freedom from the reality. Compare the west wind to

destroyer of the old who drives the last signs of life from

the trees, and preserver of the new who scatter the seads

shich sill come to life in the spring.This is a poem about

renewal, about the wind blowing life back into dead things,

implying not just an arc of life (which would end at death) but a

cycle, which only starts again when something dies.

Comment: Percy Bysshe Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind" is written in

iambic pentameter. It contains five sonnet length stanzas, each

with a closing couplet. The rhyming scheme form is aba bcb cdc

ded ee. The tone is poignant. Many will agree that this poem is an

invocation for an unseen force to take control and revive life.

Artistic features:

Using rerza rima(三行诗aba bcb cdc ded efe …)

致云雀

5. John Keats约翰?济慈1795~1821

(“美即是真,真即是美”是他的著名诗句。)

①Four great odes: 希腊古瓮颂

夜莺颂

心灵颂

忧郁颂

秋颂

Theme: The theme of John Keats' poem, "To Autumn", is that

change is both natural and beautiful. The poem praises

the glories of the fall season by using almost every type

of imagery to both charm and appeal to the reader.

Comment: The speaker in the poem acknowledges that time passes

by, but also asserts that this change usually yields

something new and better than what came before. Each

of the poem's three stanzas represents the evolving of

two different types of change. One type of change

shown in the poem is the change of periods in a day.

6. Jane Austen简?奥斯丁1775~1817

She compared her works to a fine engraving upon a literary piece of ivory only inches squire.

理智与感情

傲慢与偏见(chapter I)

【Elizabeth Bennet & Darcy】in the end false pride is humbled and

prejudice dissolved

【Collins & Charlotte Lucas】see the reality of marriage as a

necessary step if a woman is to avoid

the wretchedness of aging

spinsterhood

【Lydia & Wickham】shown the dangers of feckless relationships

unsupported by money.

【Mr.&Mrs. Bennet, Mr. Collins, Lady Catherine de Burgh】comic

characters

曼斯菲尔德庄园

爱玛

诺桑觉寺

劝导

7. Walter Scott沃尔特?斯科特1771~1832

(历史小说之父”)Father of history novels

罗伯?罗伊

艾凡赫

VI The Victorian Period 1832-1900

Common sense and moral propreity, again became the predominant preoccupation. Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the common people and everyday events.

1. Charles Dickens查尔斯?狄更斯1812~1870

(批判现实主义小说家)critical realist writer

匹克威克外传

奥利弗?特维斯特(雾都孤儿)

老古玩店

圣诞颂歌

董贝父子

大卫?科波菲尔

荒凉山庄

艰难时世

双城记(London & Paris)

远大前程

我们共同的朋友

是英国19世纪小说繁荣时期最杰出的代表作家,影响遍及欧美以及世界各国。他那富有社会批判意义的现实主义小说不仅使英国文坛焕然一新,而且对世界文学的发展也产生了深远的影响。

2. William Makepeace Thackeray威廉?麦克匹斯?萨克雷1811~1863

or a Novel without a Hero名利场(the name is an excerpt

from by John Bunyan)

3. Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂?勃朗特1816~1855

简?爱

Jane Eyre, a plain little orphan, was sent to Lowood, a charity school. There she suffer a lot and 8 years later she left school and

became a boverness at Thornfield Hall. There she falls in love with the

master,Mr. Rochester.

It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society, e.g. charity institution such as Lowood School

It is a successful introduction to the first governess heoine in the English novel, whom represents those middle-class working women

struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human

being.

雪莉

教师

4. Emily Bronte艾米莉?勃朗特1818~1854

① < Wuthering Heights>呼啸山庄

A story about two familie and an intruding stranger.

【TheEarnshaw Family】Mr. Earnshaw, his wife, the son Hindley, the

daughter Catherine, Heathcliff

【The Linton Family】Mr.Linton, his wife, son Edgar, daughter Isabella

② < Old Stoic>

5. George Eliot乔治?艾略特1819~1880

弗洛斯河上的磨坊

② < Adam Bede>亚当?比德

③ < Silas Marner>织工马南

④ < Middlemarch>米德尔马契

6. Alfred Tennyson阿尔弗莱德?丁尼生1809~1892

(维多利亚时代最具代表性的伟大诗人)

Poet Laureate (桂冠诗人)

① < In Memoriam>悼念

To memorialize his friend

② < Break, Break, Break>

③ < Idylls of the King>国王叙事诗

7. Robert Browning罗伯特?白朗宁1812~1889

① < My Last Dutchess>我已故的公爵夫人

海外乡思

Elizabeth Barrett Browing:

葡萄牙十四行诗

8. Robert Louis Stevenson

金银岛

9. Thomas Hardy托马斯?哈代1840~1928

(小说多以农村生活为背景;自然主义小说家。Wessex novels; novels of character and environment)

⑴ Novels

德伯家的苔丝

Theme:experience is as to intensity, and not as to duration

② < Jude The Obscure>无名的裘德

③ < Under The Greenwood Tree>绿荫下

④ < Far From The Madding Crowd>远离尘嚣

⑤ < The Mayor Of Casterbridge>卡斯特桥市长

⑥ < The Return of the Native>还乡

⑵ Poems

Wessex Poems And Other Verses

Poems Of The Past And Present

The Dynasts 列国

VII 1900~1950 The 20th Century

Playwrights

① Oscar Wilde

② George Bernard Shaw

1. Oscar Wilde奥斯卡?王尔德1856~1900

(The Aesthetic Movement: Art for Art’s Sake)

① 4 Comedies:

认真的重要

温德米尔夫人的扇子

一个无足轻重的女人

理想的丈夫

② Novel:

多利安?格雷的画像

③Fairy Stories:

快乐王子故事集

2. George Bernard Shaw乔治?伯纳?萧1856~1950

(英国杰出的批判现实主义剧作家)critical realistic dramatist

⑴ Plays

① Plays Unpleasant

华伦夫人的职业

鳏夫的房产

② Plays Pleasant

武器与人

左右命运的人

③Plays

人与超人

匹格玛利翁

苹果车

圣女贞德

Novelists (Realists)

1. Joseph Concrad

吉姆爷

黑暗的心

1.Why the book’s title is Heart of Darkness?

The story happened in Congo, the heart of Africa, and the color of people’s skin in there is black. Most important point about the title is to

the evil in humans’ heart.

2.What is the symbolism of black and white

【Black / dark- 】death, evil, ignorance, mystery, savagery, uncivilized

Middle Ages, when science and knowledge was

suppressed, as the Dark Ages.

According to Christianity, in the beginning of time all

was dark and God created light.

According to Heart of Darkness, before the Romans

came, England was dark. In the same way, Africa was

considered to be in the “dark stage”.

【White / light】life, goodness, enlightenment, civilized, religion.

Yet, in Concrad, the usual pattern is reverse and

darkness means truth(The truth within, therefore dark

and obscure.), whiteness means falsehood. This

contrast tells a political truth about colonialism in the

Congo.The contrast also suggests a psychological truth

about Marlow and the Europeans mind.

White also suggests any number of unpleasant moral

truths. The trade in ivory is white and dirty.Kurtz the

white man is totally corrupt

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/da17360008.html,ment

The book implies that civilizations are created by the laws and codes that encourage men to achieve higher standards. The law acts as a

buffer to prevent men from reverting back to their darker tendencies.

Civilization, however, must be learned. London itself, in the book a symbol of enlightenment, was once "one of the darker places of the

earth" before the Romans forced civilization upon the Britons.But

civilized society does not get rid of primeval savage tendencies which

lurk in the background.

This savagery is seen in Kurtz. Marlow meets Kurtz and he finds

a man that has totally thrown off the restraint of civilization and has

de-evolved into a primitive state.

4.Character

【Kurtz】represents what every man will become if left to his own intrinsic desires without a protective, civilized environment.

【Marlow】represents the civilized soul that has not been drawn back into savagery by a dark, alienating jungle.

5.Narrative Structure

In Heart of Darkness, we have an outside narrator telling us a story he has heard from Marlow. The story Marlow tells centers around

Kurtz.However, most of what Marlow knows about Kurtz, he has

learned from others.They have good reason for not being truthful to

Marlow. Therefore Marlow has to piece togeth er much of Kurtz’s story.

2. William Somerset Maugham

人性的枷锁

3. Edward Morgan Foster (E.M.Foster)

印度之行

霍华兹别墅

Modernists

⑴ 3 Novelists

① James Joyce

② David Herbert Lawrence

③ Virgirnia Woolf

1. David Herbert Lawrence戴维?赫伯特?劳伦斯1885~1930

儿子与情人(autobiographical)

【Mrs. Morel】, daughter of a middle-class family, is "a woman of

character and refinement", a strong-willed, intelligent and ambitious

woman who is fascinated by a warm, vigorous and sensuous coal miner,

Walter Morel, and married beneath her own class.Then, she was

desponded at her husband and put her love to her sons. She h opes that they

will become outstanding

【Paul Morel】depends heavily on his mother’s love and help to make

sense of the world around him. He struggle to free from his mother’s

influence, but he failed. After his mother has died and he is left alone, in

despair.

Theme:

Lawrence was one of the first novelists to introduce themes of psychology into his works. He believed that the healthy way of the

individual’s psychological development lay in the primacy of the life

implulse, or in another term, the sexual impulse.huaman sexuality was,

to Lawrence, a symbol of life force.by presenting the psychological

experience of indivudual human life and of human relationships,

Lawrence has opened up a wide new territory to the novel

Oedipus Complex is a thematic feature of D. H. Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers

恋爱中的女人

查特莱夫人的情人

2. James Joyce詹姆斯?乔伊斯1882~1941

(爱尔兰小说家,意识流小说的代表人物)stream-of-consciousness

尤利西斯(S_O_C)

一个青年艺术家的肖像

芬尼根的苏醒

都柏林人

3. Virginia Woolf弗吉尼娅?沃尔芙1882~1941

(意识流小说的代表人物)stream-of-consciousness

① Novels

达洛维夫人

到灯塔去

雅各布的房间

奥兰朵

幕间

⑵ 2 Poets

① W. B. Yeats (William Butler Yeats )

② T.S. Eliot ( Thomas Sterns Eliot )

1.William Butler Yeats威廉?勃特勒?叶茨1865~1939

(爱尔兰诗人,剧作家;The Irish nationalist movement 爱尔兰独立运动;

The Irish Literary Revival 爱尔兰文艺复兴;The Irish Literary Theater, or the Abbey Theater 爱尔兰民族剧团)

⑴ collections

苇风

责任

旋转的楼梯

⑵ Poems

复活节,1916

第二次来临/再世

到拜占庭航行

2. Thomas Sterns Eliot(诗人,剧作家,批评家)

⑴ Poems

四个四重奏

⑵ Plays ① 大教堂谋杀案

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2014-2015英国文学史及选读期末试题B

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班级_________________学号姓名考试科目英美文学史及作品选读【(1)】B卷闭卷共 5 页 学生答题不得超过此线····································密························封························线································

班级_________________学号姓名考试科目英美文学史及作品选读【(1)】B卷闭卷共 5 页 学生答题不得超过此线····································密························封························线································

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