英美概况复习资料
美国
5. In area, the United States is the ____ largest country in the world.
A 2nd
B 3rd
C 4th
D 5th
C 按领土面积计算：美国是继俄罗斯，加拿大，中国之后的第四名。
6. Mauna Loa, the world’s largest active volcano, is located in ____
A Hawaii
B Alaska
C Texas
D Perth
A,Mauna Loa（摩纳罗亚山）是世界上最大的活火山。位于美国Hawaii（夏威夷）。
8.The United States has less than 6% of the world’s population; yet it produces about ____ of the total world output.
A 20%
B 25%
C 30%
D 35%
B 美国人口低于世界人口总值的6%，但是美国经济生产总值占世界25%，是高度工业化国家。
9.What forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the United States?
A The Rio Grande River
B The southern Rocky Mountains
C The Colorado River
D The Gulf of California
A The Rio Grand River（格兰德河）形成了美国与墨西哥的自然分界线。
10. The emblem of the Democratic Party is ____.
A elephant
B donkey
C bear
D bull
B 19世纪70年代，在美国的《哈泼斯周刊》上，曾先后出现了政治漫画家托马斯·纳斯特的两幅画，分别以长耳朵的驴和长鼻子的象比拟美国民主党Democratic Party和共和党。后来，纳斯特又在一幅画中同时画进了象和驴，比喻当时的两党竞选。自那以后，驴和象就逐渐成为美国两大党的象征，两党也分别以驴、象作为党徽的标记。
11.In 1620, 201 Pilgrims, to escape religious presecution, sailed to the New World in a ship called Mayflower. They arrived at ____.
A New York
B Georgia
C Virginia
D Plymouth
D 1620年，朝拜者为了逃离宗教迫害，乘坐五月花号，在新英格兰的普来冒斯落脚。
12.The Grand Canyon in south-western ____ is one of nature’s most impressive sights.
A Utah
B Arizona
C Nevada
D Idaho
B 大峡谷位于美国西南部的亚利桑那州。
13.American presidents are elected ____.
A every two years
B every four years
C every five years
D every six years
B 美国总统任期四年，必须是35岁以上的出生于美国的本国公民。
14.In the United States, the first larges immigration movement took plane ____
A right after the War of Independence
B in the mid-1800
C at the turn of the 20th century
D right after the Civil War
C 1815年至1917年间发生了美国历史上的三大移民。第一次是1800年中开始，第二次是1860到1890年，第三次，也是移民人数最多的一次，是1890年到1914年。
15.The theme of Thanksgiving has always been ____
A friendship and happiness
B Peace and plenty, health and happiness
C cooperation and rich reward
D love and happiness
B 感恩节的主题是：和平，富足，健康和幸福。
17. The world-famous Harvard University is in _____.
A Massachusetts
B New York
C Washington D.C.
D Maine
A, 哈佛大学位于马萨诸塞州的剑桥(Cambridge)镇。
19 _____ is a symbol of American theatre and world-class entertainment.
A Broadway
B Wall Street
C The Fifth Avenue
D Times Square
A, 百老汇是一条由南向北贯穿曼哈顿全岛的大道，其中心地带是在第42借“时代广场”附近，周围云集了几十家剧院，上演被称为现代歌舞剧的剧目。
20 ____ is not a tourist attraction in the United States.
A Yellowstone National Park
B Grand Canyon
C St. Patrick’s Cathedral
D Stonehenge
D, Stonehenge 在英国UK，是古代城池的遗迹。
22.New Englanders were originally known as _____, which come to stand for all Americans.
A Hippies
B Yankees
C Uncle Sam
D Brother Jonathan
B, Yankees 一词具有丰富的含义。现在用于代表美国人，俗称美国佬。在美国南部，Yankee是指美国北部各州的居民，即北方佬；而对多数美国人来说，Yankee 意味着新英格兰人。
23. On the 30th of April 1789, George Washington took the oath of office in _____, which housed the government then.
A New York
B Washington D.C.
C Philadelphia
D Boston
A, 1789年George Washington 在纽约宣誓就职，1790年首都迁往费城。1800年以后定都华盛顿。
24. Henry Fond was the first man to _____.
A design a plane
B fly an aero plane
C mass-produciton
D design and make a car
C, Henry Ford 早期是一名技师，虽然没有发明汽车，但他是第一位批量生产汽车的人。
26. Hollywood, the centre of American movie industry, is closest to which city?
A Los Angles
B Chicago
C New York
D Washington
A, 好莱坞和迪士尼均位于洛杉矶。
28. The first Puritans came to America on the ship _____.
A Codpeed
B Susan Constant
C May Flower
D Discovery
C, 首批清教徒到美国时乘坐的船是“五月花号”。
29. Americans celebrate Memorial Day on the last Monday in May to honor those who have _____.
A given their lives for their country
B made great scientific discoveries
C won American great reputation in sports
D donated large amounts of money to the country
A, Memorial Day 是美国的阵亡将士纪念日。
30. “Trick or Treat” is a phrase that children often use when they celebrated _____.
A New Year’s Day
B Veteran’s Day
C Halloween
D Christmas
C, 万圣节是美国的传统节日。万圣节前夜，孩子们带着各种面具，穿着奇异的衣服，跑到邻居家门前，高声喊着：“Trick or Treat”，向大人们讨要糖果。不给的邻居就会遭到小孩的恶作剧。
31. The Easter egg and the hare, two of the symbols most frequently associated with Easter, are considered to present _____.
A vigor and bravery
B fertility and new life
C originality and speed
D happiness and fun
B, 复活节彩蛋和兔子是“多产和新生”的象征。
34. The New Deal was started by _____.
A Franklin Roosevelt
B J.K. Kennedy
C George Washington
D Thomas Jefferson
A, 新政是罗斯福为了应对美国经济大萧条而提出的。
35. The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by _____.
A Teachers
B students
C headmaster
D boards of education
D, 对此有决定权的是教育委员会。
36. The Bill of Rights consists of _____.
A 10 very short paragraphs in an amendment
B 10 amendments adopted in 1787
C 10 amendments added to the Constitution in 1791
D the amendments concerning the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press and the freedom of religion C, 人权法案是于1791年增补到宪法法案上来的前十条修正案。
37. The United States produces as much as much as half of the world’s _____.
A wheat and rice
B cotton
C tobacco
D soybeans and corn
D, 美国出产占世界一半的是大豆和玉米。
38. The District of Manhattan is in the city if _____.
A Washington D.C.
B San Francisco
C New York
D Chicago
C, 曼哈顿是纽约市的著名经济和商业区，也是纽约的中心地带。
39. The seats in the Senate are allocated to different states_____.
A according to their population
B according to their size
C according to their tax paid to federal government
D equally
D, 美国每一个州在参议院中均有两位议员作为代表，与各州人口无关和众议院不同）。
40. Harvard University was founded in ___.
A 1366
B 1633
C 1636
D 1363
C.Harvard University(哈佛大学)，美国最古老、最负盛名的大学，于1636年建于马萨诸塞州剑桥。以其第一位捐助人约翰。哈佛的姓氏命名。
41. The state to which the Mayflower sailed is ___.
A Florida
B Maine
C Virginia
D Massachusetts
D.Mayflower “五月花”号是1620年一皮英国移民前来美州时所乘的木帆船。这只船于1620年12月26日到达Massachusetts(马萨诸塞州)的Plymouth “普利茅斯”，他们在那里建立了第一个永久性的新英格兰殖民地。
42. In the Civil War, Lincoln issued the famous ___.
A the Bill of Rights
B the Emancipation Proclamation
C the Federalist Paper
D the Declaration of Independence
B.the Emancipation Proclamation(《解放黑奴宣言》)，南北战争期间，由亚伯拉罕.林肯总统于1863年1月1日颁布的行政命令，规定自即日起废除南部联邦各州的奴隶制度，宣布所有黑人奴隶获得自由，并被赋予参加联邦军的权利。
44. Who was considered as father of modern astronomy and forward his theory that the sun, not the earth, is the centre of the universe?
A Copernicus
B Kepler
C Galileo
D Newton
A.Copernicus(哥白尼，1473--1543)，波兰天文学家，创立太阳是宇宙的中心的“日心说”，推翻了托勒密的“地心说”，使自然科学开始从神学中解放出来，著有The revolution of Heavenly Orbs(《天体运动论》)。哥白尼被认为是“现代天文学之父”。
47. ___ is considered America’s unique contribution to music.
A Jazz
B Rock and Roll
C Country Music
D Western Music
A. Jazz(爵士乐)，由美国南方黑人文化发展而来、惟一对西方国家音乐产生重大影响的美国本土音乐。最初出现于19世纪末，当时路易斯安那新奥尔良（New Orleans）——一些街头乐队所演奏的音乐是最早的爵士乐，该市New Orleans 被称为爵士乐的诞生地
48. “God help those who help themselves” is a citation from the work of _____.
A Paine
B Franklin
C Freneau
D Jefferson
B, 该句是富兰克林的名句。
英国
1. When did the Renaissance reach its height with its centre moving to Milan, then to Rome and created High Renaissance?
A in the 16th century
B in the 15th century
C in the 11th century
D in the 17th century
A.欧洲的文艺复兴开始于意大利的佛罗伦萨和威尼斯，随后随着其中心移到米兰，再到罗马，文艺复兴在16世纪达到了High Renaissance(鼎盛时期)（1493--1530）。
2. Who was the first woman Prime Minister in British history?
A Elizabeth I
B Elizabeth II
C Margaret Thatcher
D Diana Princess of Wales
3. How many members are there in the House of Commons?
A 650
B 524
C 72
D 651
D, 下议院共有651名议员。
5. The Tories were the forerunners of _____, which still bears this nickname today.
A the Labour Party
B the Conservative Party
C the Liberal Party
D the Social Democratic Party
B, 托利党是英国保守党的前身。
6. The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britain’s _____ decline.
A political
B educational
C military
D economic
D, 现在“英国病”这一术语经常用来指英国经济上的衰退。
7. The 1980s was remembered as the decade of _____.
A globalization
B nationalization
C privatization
D competition
C, 正如20世纪40年代被看作是国有化的时代一样，20世纪80年代被看作是私有化的时代。包括英国石油、航空、钢铁、电讯在内的几乎40% 的国有公司实现了私有化。
8. Today, in Britain, ______ is called a “sick” industry.
A coal mining
B iron and steel
C textiles
D shipbuilding
A, 英国煤矿业被称为生病工业。英国的煤产量在一战前达到顶点，如今的英国的煤矿业衰退，从而导致矿工的数量、煤矿的总产量大大下降。
9. The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor ____ modified and improved the design in 1765.
A Abraham Darby
B James Watt
C John Kay
D Richard Arkwrightthe
B, 第一台蒸汽机是Thomas Newcomer 在17世纪末设计的，后来苏格兰发明家瓦特在1765年对原有的设计进行了改进提高，生产出了第一台高效的蒸汽机并应用到纺织和其他机械业中。
10. _____ created the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to trade unionism.
A The Chartist Movement
B The Industrial Revolution
C The French Revolution
D The Glorious Revolution
B, 工业革命产生了工人阶级，即无产阶级。后来形成了工会制度。
13.The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the center of London, was built by ____
A King Harold
B Robin Hood
C Oliver Cromwell
D William the Conqueror
D 伦敦塔名为“塔”，实际上是公元11世纪处于罗马统治时期的一座城堡式建筑。
14.When Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, and was succeeded by his son____, the regime began immediately to collapse.
A Henry
B Hamilton
C Richard
D Charles
C Oliver Cromwell的儿子在父亲过世后继承王权，但是不久后掌控的政体瓦解。1660年，议会扶植流浪法国的前国王儿子Charle二世当国王。
16.The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of _____ crosses.
A one
B two
C three
D four
C, 英国国旗为红白蓝三色的米字旗（也叫“Union Jack”），是由三个十字组成。
19. Which one is not the reason for the very limited influence of Roman to Britain?
A The Romans always treated the Britons as a subject people of slave class.
B The Romans and Britons never intermarry during the 4 centuries
C The Romans didn’t like the Britons.
D The Romans had no impact on the language or culture of ordinary Britons.
C, 尽管罗马人征服了英国，但是罗马文化对英国的影响十分有限。这主要是因为：罗马人一直把英国人看作是社会地位相当于奴隶的被降伏的民族；在长达四个世纪的时间里从来没有罗马人跟英国人通婚；罗马人对英国平民阶层的语言和文化没有任何影响。
20. The H undred Years’ war with France ended by the English being driven out of France. By 1453 _____ was the only part of France that was still in the hands of the English.
A Dover
B Calais
C Southampton
D Portsmouth
B, 英法之间的百年战争以英国人被赶出法国而告终。到1453年战争结束时，只有法国北部的加莱港还在英国人手里。
21.Which war had little effect on ordinary people but gave a death blow to feudalism?
A The Wars of the Roses
B The Hundred Years’ War
C The English Civil War
D World War I
A, 尽管玫瑰战争持续了30年，但对老百姓的生活几乎没什么影响，反倒使英国的封建主义受到致命打击，贵族阶层受到了削弱。
22. The English Civil War, also called the Puritan Revolution, is generally regarded as the beginning of modern ____ history.
A European
B Scottish
C Welsh
D world
D, 英国内战也叫“清教徒革命”，这是因为反对国王的人大部分是那些清教徒。英国内战不仅推翻了英国的封建制度，也动摇了欧洲封建统治的基础。所以，从这个角度讲，英国内战通常被看作现代世界史的开端。
25. Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?
A The Anglo-Saxon
B The Normans
C The Vikings
D The Romans
A, 英国民族的前身是安格鲁萨克森人。
26. Which is the largest city in Scotland?
A Cardiff
B Edinburgh
C Glasgow
D Manchester
C, 格拉斯格是苏格兰最大的城市和经济中心。
27. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 _____.
A can legally receive completely free education
B can legally receive partly free education
C cannot receive free education at all
D cannot receive free education of their parents are rich
A, 英国小孩5—16岁的教育是免费的。
28. The Industrial Revolution started in _____.
A the Great Britain
B the United States
C Canada
D Australia
A, 工业革命起源于英国。
29 Which is the correct name to use to refer to Britain in a political way?
A Great Britain
B The British Isles
C The United Kingdom
D England
C, 提起英国，很多人会使用名字“Britain”，“England”或“British”，但这往往会惹恼苏格兰人，威尔士人以及北爱尔兰人。从政治角度来讲，“the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”或“the United Kingdom/UK”是英国正确的叫法。“the British Isles”则是地理意义上的名字，包括Great Britain，the whole of Ireland （Northern and Southern），the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man 这些岛屿。
31. The river Thames is in _____.
A Wales
B Scotland
C England
D Northern Ireland
C, 泰晤士河位于英格兰。
32. Which of the following is true under Thatcher’s administration?
A The proportion of owner-occupation decreased.
B Public housing became more important.
C Many public houses were sold to people.
D The UK became more European-like in its housing arrangement.
C, 1979年撒切尔夫人成为英国第一任女首相。她提出的政策称被为“撒切尔主义”。其内容包括国有企业私有化，采用货币主义政策以控制通货膨胀，削弱工会的影响，加强市场因素在经济中的作用，将公有住房卖给公众，强调法律和秩序。在一定程度上讲，她的计划是成功的。她领导英国经济度过了一段最繁华的时期。
36. The War of 1812 was fought between _____.
A England and France
B England and the United States
C France and the United States
D Britain, Canada and the United States
D, 1812年6月，美国向英国宣战，其真实用意在于夺取加拿大。成为第二次美英战争。三国都卷入战争。
37. The largest river in the United Kingdom, which runs 355 kilometers and empties into the Bristol Strait, is _____.
A the Seven River
B the Clyde River
C the Thames River
D the Potomac River
A, 英国最长的河是塞文河。
39. In 1588 the English fleet defeated the _____ Armada and established its supremacy over the sea.
A Portuguese
B Italian
C Spanish
D Japanese
C, 1588年英国舰队摧毁西班牙无敌舰队，从而树立了海上霸权。
40. Big Ben is a famous ____ in London.
A statue
B bridge
C hotel
D clock
D, Big Ben 是英国著名的“大本钟”。
41. In 1066, _____ led the Norman army in invading and defeating England.
A William the Conqueror
B Julius Caesar
C Alfred the Great
D Claudius
A, 1066年，威廉大帝率诺曼底远征英格兰，大获全胜。这是外族侵略英国的最后一次成功。
42. Which of the following sports was not invented in Britain?
A Football
B Tennis
C Archery
D Cricket
C, 起源于英国的运动是足球、网球和板球，射击不是。
43. Britain was the first country to industrialize because of the following factors except _____.
A Britain was well placed geographically to participate in European and world trade.
B Britain had many rivers, which were useful for transport.
C British engineers had sound training and the inventors were respected.
D British government was increasingly interested in overseas and colonies after the 17th century.
D, 英国之所以能成为世界上最早开始工业化的国家,原因有很多。但英国是从17世纪以后逐步开始对海外贸易和开拓海外殖民地产生浓厚兴趣的。
44. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The _____ has very little power.
A queen
B monarch
C prime minister
D king
B, 英国是君主立宪制国家，国王或女王（君主）几乎没什么实质性的权力。
45. Which party has always had strong links with the trade unions and received financial support from them?
A the Labor Party
B the Conservative Party
C the Liberal Party
D the Social Democratic Party
A, 保守党和自由党是英国最早成立的两个党派。大致来说，保守党是中上层阶级的党，它得到大公司财政上的支持；而工党，主要得到工会的支持，它的支持者主要是中产阶级和知识分子。
46. During World War II, as a war leader, _____ received massive popular support and led his country to final victory in 1945.
A Harold Wilson
B Edward Heath
C Franklin Roosevelt
D Winston Churchill
D, 在第二次世界大战中，当时的英国首相丘吉尔作为战争统帅受到了英国人民的广泛拥戴，并带领英国人民赢得了战争的最后胜利。
47. In Britain, a _____ is held when a Member of Parliament dies, retires or resigns.
A civic election
B by-election
C popular election
D general election
B, 英国的下院议会成员中有人去世、退休或辞职时，就要进行补缺选举。
48. In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of _____.
A the Lord Chancellor
B the Monarch
C the Prime Minister
D the King
C, 在英国，部长们是由首相推荐，女王加以任命的。
49. It is known that Irish landscape in featured by ___.
A bogs
B mountains
C grassland
D rivers
A,众所周知，爱尔兰地貌特点是沼泽地。本题属于地理类问题。
52. ___ is the capital of Scotland.
A Dublin
B Edinburgh
C Cardiff
D New Castle
B,爱丁堡市是苏格兰首都。本题属于历史类问题。
56. The real centre of power in the British Parliament is ___.
A the King or the Queen
B the House of Commons
C the House of Lords
D the Cabinet
B,英国议会由王室（the Crown）、上议院（the House of Lords）和下议院（the House of Commons）构成。其中具有实权和立法权的是下议院，自1964年以来，上议院无权阻止被下议院通过的立法。
57. The oldest part of British Parliament is ___.
A the House of Lords
B the House of Commons
C the Shadow of Cabinet
D the Chamber
A,英国议会中最古老的部分是上议院（the House of Lords），它是由国王咨询会议(Great Council)发展而来的。
58. Who led The Peasants Uprising in Britain?
A Watt Tyler
B Henry Turner
C Richard
D Stephen
A,由于百年战争并没有改变农民的生活条件，又加上人头税（the Poll Tax）的征收。1381年(Watt Tyler)瓦特.泰勒领导了农民起义。
60___ is the first weekday after Christmas, a legal holiday in English, Wales, Northern Ireland, New Zealand,Australia and South Africa.
A Thanksgiving Day
B Anzac Day
C St.Valentine’s Day
D Boxing Day
D,Boxing Day(礼节日)。英国法定假日，是圣诞节的次日，遇星期日天延顺。按英国习俗，这天向邮递员、仆人、雇员等赠送盒装“节礼”，故称节礼日。
62. Which of the following king was executed in the civil war?
A James I
B Charles I
C James II
D Charles II
B,Charles I (查里一世，1600---1649，英国斯图亚特王朝国王)。其统治期间，对抗国会，压迫清教徒，引起内战，1647年别Oliver Cromwell(克伦威尔)领导的军队俘虏。1649年被国会判处死刑。
63. From 1649 to 1658 English was called a Commonwealth. It was ruled first by Oliver Cromwell as ___.
A President
B Lord Protector
C Lieutenant General
D Commander of the New Model Army
B,从1649到1658年的英国被称为共和国（Commonwealth）。共和国的第一位统治者Oliver Cromwell(克伦威尔)成为英格兰共和国的Lord Protector(护国公)。Oliver Cromwell(克伦威尔),1618年当选为议员，为清教徒领袖。英国内战爆发后，他率领铁甲军的骑兵击败了保皇党部队，是处死查理一世的主要人物，1653年将国会解散，自称Lord Protector(护国公)，成为英格兰共和国的首脑。
美国
2. The 50th state in America is Hawaii
1959年，Alaska和Hawaii分别为第四十九个和第五十个加入美国的州。
4. The US formally entered the Second World War in 1941_
1941年的珍珠港事件把美国带入了第二次世界战争，与苏联，英国共同对战法西斯。
5. The Presidents during the American Civil War was Abraham Lincoln.
Abraham Lincoln是美国第十六届总统，带领美国人走过美国内战，解放奴隶，但是在战争结束不到一周被暗杀。
7. In America the judicial is headed by the Supreme Court
美国宪法规定，司法部门由美国最高法院管理。
8. In the United States, the party, which wins the second largest number of seats in the House Commons, becomes the official opposition.
在选举中结果下议院得到票数最多的叫做大多数党，第二的叫做对立党。
9. The Rocky Mountains is located in North America.
落基山脉位于美国西北部，向东南延伸。
10.The U.S. is called a “melting pot” because people from different races live there.
美国被称之为“大熔炉”是因为来自世界各地的人们所带来的各自的文化在此交融形成独特的多元文化特征。
11. The world’s largest freshwater lake is Lake Superior.
Lake Superior(苏必利尔湖)是世界上最大的淡水湖。位于美国和加拿大之间，是五大湖中最北、最西和水位最高的一个湖。五大湖为：安大略湖（Lake Ontario）、伊利湖（Lake Erie）、休伦湖（Lake Huron）、密歇根湖（Lake Michigan）和苏必利尔湖 (Lake Superior)。
12. The Declaration of the Independence was signed in on July 4th1776, signaling the independence of America.
the Second Continental Congress(第二次大陆会议)，1775年5月10日在费城召开的，会议决定组建大陆军，并任命华盛顿为大陆军总司令。第一次大陆会议是于1774年9月5日在宾夕法尼亚州的费城召开的。1776年7月4日的大陆会议通过了the Declaration of Independence(《独立宣言》)，宣告美利坚合众国的成立。
英国
1. Britain was by 1830 the "workshop of the world " because of industrial revolution
十九世纪的工业革命使英国成为世界闻名的世界工厂。
2. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed Prime Minister by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.
在英国，按照传统，多数党的领导人由君主任命为首相，首相从本党内部挑选一些领导人担任各部部长职位。
3. In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the second largest number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition Party.
在英国，在下议院中赢得第二席位的政党为反对党，它也有它自己的领导和影子内阁（shadow cabinet）。
4. To its full sense, the British Parliament consist of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons
具体的说，英国的议会是有元首，上议院和下议院组成。其中，元首没有实权，上议员由大法官（Lord
Chancellor）掌权，是由神职议员（the Lord Spiritual）和世俗议员（the Lord Temporal），下议院的成员是通过选举产生的651名议员,以首相为首。
5. Roman invasion was considered as the beginning of British history.
英国的历史是从罗马人的入侵开始的。恺撒，这位伟大的罗马将军，在公元前55年第一次带兵入侵并征服了英国。
7. The Times is the British oldest daily newspaper?
英国历史上最悠久的日报是《泰晤士报》。
8. There are two major national parties in Britain: the Conservative party and the Labour Party. 英国奉行的是两党制。其两大主要政党是保守党和工党。
9. “God Save the Queen” is the national anthem of Britain.
《上帝拯救女王》是英国的国歌。
10. On accepting Bill of Rights, the age of constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament, began.
《权利法案》的签署，标志着英国进入了君主立宪制时代，一个君主几乎没有什么实质性权力并受制于议会的时代。
11. In Britain, the House of Commons has the ultimate authority of legislation.
在英国，下院拥有最高立法权。本题术语发展现状类问题。
12. In history, Romans occupied Britain for about 400 years.
历史上，罗马人曾占领英国约有400年之久。本题属于历史类问题。
13. The Great Charter (Magna Carta) was signed by ___ in 1215 King John.
The Great Charter(英国大宪章)，是1215年英国国王（1199--1216）亨利二世之子——King John(约翰)在以兰顿（Langton）为首的贵族和教士们的压力下签署的重要政治法律文件。该宪章主要内容为保障贵
族利益，限制王权。大宪章被认为是维护公民权不受王权侵犯的重要文件。
16. Among the most typical English sports, having been in existence since the 16th century, is cricket.
英美概况期末考试名词解释整理
The industrial revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Britain was the first country to industrialize. The industrial revolution A period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, production, and transportation had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions in Britain. The Industrial Revolution, was a period of unprecedented technological, economic and social change that completely transformed British culture from a largely rural, static society with limited production and division of labour into the world's first modern industrial society. the Black Death It was the deadly bubonic plague who spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England without warning and any cure, and sparing no victims. It killed between half and one-third of the population of England. Thus, much land was left untended and labor was short. It caused far-reaching economic consequences. The Black Death----It was one of the deadliest pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1350. It is widely thought to have been an outbreak of bubonic plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestisis and have started in Central Asia. It came without warning, and without any cue.The Black Death is estimated to have killed30% to 60% of Europe's population and had profound effects on the course of European history. In England, it killed almost half of the total population, causing far-reaching economic consequences. the Progressive Movement The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding government regulation of the economy and social conditions. It spread quickly with the support of large numbers of people across the country. It was not an organized campaign with clearly defined goals.(Rather, it was a number of diverse efforts at political, social, and economic reforms. In spite of limitations of the movement, it brought about changes and improvement in many fields.) Roman Britain was the part of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between AD 43 and about 410. Britannia already had cultural and economic links with Continental Europe, but the invaders introduced new developments in agriculture, urbanisation, industry and architecture, leaving a legacy that is still apparent today. The first Romans to campaign extensively in Britain were
英语国家概况的复习资料
英语国家概况考试题型如下： 1.选择题（30 X 1’） 2.填空题（20 X 1’） 3.简答（10 X 2’）--必须回答完整的句子 4.分析题（6 X 5’）-- 必须回答完整的句子 总分100 分 主要内容包括： 一．U.S. Geography 1.Full name of U.S.. 2.Number of States: 50 states. 3.After President Jefferson brought the Louisiana territory from France there was a desire for territorial expansion among many frontier men. 4.The U.S. has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometers. The fourth largest countries. 5.Taxas is the largest mainland state of the U.S.. Alaska is the largest state of the U.S.. 6.Hawaii is in the Pacific Ocean. 7.America’s movies are mostly made in Hollywood near the city of Los Angeles in south California. 二．U.S. People 1.The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the US is the Blacks (Afriican-Americans). 2.The “first Americans” were the Indians. 3.The Asian-Americans are the fastest-growing racial and ethnic group in the United States. 4.The first permanent settlement in North America was established in today’s V erginia in the year of 1607. 5.The “Three Faiths” in the U.S. refer to: ?Protestan ?Catholic ?Jewish 6.The majority of the Catholics in the U.S. are descendants of immigrants from Ireland, Italy and Poland. 7.American society is a stratified one in which power, wealth and pestige are unequally distributed among the population. 8.WASP stands for White Anglo-Saxon Protestant.
英美概况期末试题
I.Explain the following terms: 1.the British Isles 2.Poets’ Corner 3.EU 4.the Conservative Party 5.the Seven Year’s War 6.WASPs 7.“roaring 20s” 8.melting pot 9.British Empire 10.system of US politic I.Translate the following into Chinese: 1.Westminster Abby 2.the Church of England https://www.wendangku.net/doc/db17631472.html,monwealth 4.Mr. Speaker 5.Judicial System 6.the Great Charter 7.the House of Plantagenet 8.Puritans 9.monopoly capitalism 10.the first Pan-American Conferencce II.Multi-choices: 1.The longest river in Britain is the _____ River. (Severn, Thames, Mersey, Humber) 2.The leading anthracite coalfields in Britain are in__ (Scotland, England, Wales, ) 3.The English people are descendants of____ (Celts, Roman, Anglo-Saxons) 4.The established church of Britain is___ (the Church of England, Free churches, ) 5.Easter is kept, commemorating the __ (coming, birth, death, resurrection) of Jesus Christ. 6.In Britain, government cannot spend any money without the permission of___. (the Queen, the Prime Minister, the House of Commons, the House of Lords) 7.All the government ministers of Britain must be members of_____. (the House of Lords, the House of Common, the Privy Council, Parliament) 8.___ is the largest state of the US in area.(Hawii, Texas, Alaska, Pennsylvania) 9.The dominant ethnic group in the US today is_____. (the black people, WASPs, Asian Americans, Hispanics) 10.People in the US have kept moving westward for reasons except___. (religious freedom, fertile soil in the West, good climate in the west, discovery gold) 11.The Constitution of the United State was framed in ___in 1787. (Washington, Boston, New York, Philadelphia) 12.The President of the US exercises the ____ power. (legislative, executive, judicial, veto) 13.Congress can veto the President’s veto by a ___ vote of the full membership of Both houses.(two-fifths, two-thirds, three-fourths, three-fifths) 14.The Constitution of US says that only___ can declare war upon other nation.
英美文化概况之英国篇
英美文化概况之英国篇 英国早期人文历史常识 （一） 英国东邻北海，西、北面对大西洋，南面是英吉利海峡（the English Channel），与法国隔海相望。 地理上，这里被称为“不列颠群岛”（British Isles），由大不列颠岛（Great Britain）和爱尔兰岛（Ireland）这两大岛屿，以及其它几百个小岛组成。 大不列颠岛上分布着英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士（England,Scotland and Wales）三个区域，而爱尔兰岛则分成北爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国（Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland）两块。 政治上，大不列颠和北爱尔兰共同组成联合王国（the United Kingdom），而爱尔兰共和国则是独立于联合王国而存在的独立的国家。我们通常所说的英国，则是指联合王国。 联合王国的首都是伦敦（London）；而爱尔兰共和国的首都是都柏林（Dublin）。 大不列颠岛在政治上被划分成英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士三个区域，其中英格兰面积最大、人口最多，总的来说也最为富裕。因此很多人通常会用“英格兰人”（English）指代“不列颠人”（British），这点当然会引起苏格兰人和威尔士人（Scots and Welsh）的不满。不列颠在大约一百年前曾统治着世界上四分之一的人口和土地，其殖民地遍布全球各大洲。二战之后，随着不列颠国力衰退，各殖民地纷纷独立，不列颠帝国（the British Empire）在1931年起被英联邦所取代。
英联邦（the Commonwealth of Nations）是由英国和已经独立的前英国殖民地或附 属国组成的联合体。英国作为英联邦元首并无政治实权；各国在一定协议上相互进行政治、主要是经济方面的磋商和合作；各成员国也有权利选择退出英联邦。 （二） 英国地势西北高、东南低。其西北地区主要地形是高原；而东部和东南部则主要是低地，他们是整个欧洲平原（the Great European Plain）的组成部分。 英格兰占据了大不列颠南面的最大部分土地，那里地势平缓，多为平原、丘陵和沼泽地。特别是英格兰东部沿海地区，土地肥沃，适于耕种。 苏格兰多为山地、湖泊和岛屿，它拥有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地以及南部山陵。不列颠最高峰尼维斯峰（Ben Nevis）便座落于此，高1,343米。威尔士亦是多山地区，6%的土地被森林覆盖，大部分村庄以放牧为主。 北爱尔兰北部为多岩石、荒蛮的海岸，曲折蜿蜒。其东北部多为高地，东南部为山区，而中部则是低浅的盆地。 不列颠是个岛屿国家，四面环海，它隔着英吉利海峡与欧洲大陆遥遥相望。位处英法两国之间的英吉利海峡最窄之处被称作多佛海峡（Straits of Dover），仅有33公里宽度。1985年英国政府和法国政府决定在多佛海峡处修建海峡隧道。 总长153公里的隧道于1994年五月竣工通车，使得欧洲公路网得以连成一体，被誉为人类工程史上的一个伟业。 英国河流分布细密。塞文河（the Severn）是英国第一大河流，长338公里，它同西
英语国家概况全知识点题库题目汇编含答案
British Survey Test Part I Geography 2. England occupies the _____ portion of the U.K. A. northern B. eastern C. southern D . western 3. The most important part of the U.K. in wealth is _____. A. Northern Ireland B. England C. Scotland D. Welsh 12. London is situated on the River of _____. A. Parret B. Thames C. Spey D. Severn 43. _____ includes London, the centre of government for the whole nation. A. Scotland B. Northern Ireland C. Wales D. England 1.The capital of Australia is(). A.Canberra B.Sydney C.Darwin D.Melbourne The English Channel separates the island of Great Britain from _______ A. Denmark B. Belgium C. The Netherlands D.France 3. Australia’s National Day falls on(), the date of the first European settlement in Australia. A.January 26 B.February 15 C.July 4 D.November 11 6.()granted Canada full legislative authority in domestic and external affairs. A.Peace Treaty B.British American Act C.Act of Union D.Statute of Westminster 8. General elections are held about every()years in New Zealand with two main parties competing with each other. A.3 B.4 C.2 D.5 9. Most of Canada’s French Canadians live in the Province of() A.Quebec B.Ontario C.Nova Scotia D.Saskatchewan
英美概况考试试题集
英语专业考研英美概况自测题（一） British Survey Test Part I Geography 1. The total area of the U.K. is _____. A. 211,440 B. 244,110 C. 241,410 D. 242,534 2. England occupies the _____ portion of the U.K. A. northern B. eastern C. southern 3. The most important part of the U.K. in wealth is _____. A. Northern Ireland B. England C. Scotland 4. _____ is on the western prominence between the Bristol Channel and the Dee estuary. A. Wales B. Scotland C. England 5. Wales was effectively united with England in the _____ century. A. 14th B. 15th C. 16th 6. By the Act of Union of _____ Scotland and the kingdom of England and Wales were constitutionally joined as the Kingdom of Britain. A. 1707 B. 1921 C. 1801 7. Physiographically Britain may be divided into _____ provinces. A. 13 B. 12 C. 14 8. Mt. Ben Nevis stands in _____. A. the Scottish Highlands B. Wales C. England 9. The main rivers parting in Britain runs from _____. A. north to south B. south to north C. east to west 10. Cheviot hills lie along the border between _____ and England. A. Scotland B. Wales C. Vale of Eden 11. The longest river in Britain is _____. A. Severn B. Clyde C. Bann 12. London is situated on the River of _____. A. Parret B. Thames C. Spey 13. Edinburgh is the capital of _____. A. England B. Scotland C. Wales 14. The rivers flowing into the _____ are mainly short. A. North Sea B. English Channel C. Dee estuary 15. Mt. Snowdon stands in _____. A. Scotland B. Wales C. England 16. The source of the important River Thames is in the _____. A. Cotswolds B. Oxford Clay C. Pennines 17. About _____ of the water requirements are obtained from underground sources. A. 50% B. 38% C. 42% 18. Gaelic is mainly spoken in _____. A. Scotland B. England C. Northern Ireland 19. The Bank of England was nationalized in _____. A. 1964 B. 1946 C. 1694
英语国家概况考试复习要点
英语国家概况复习要点 Part One UK The Country 1.Different Names for Britain and its Parts Name：England Britain Great Britain (GB/G.B.) British Isles British Empire The Commonwealth The United Kingdom(The UK) The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Parts：England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland 2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Geographically, the British Isles includes Great Britain, the whole of Ireland, and all the offshore islands Politically, the British Isles is made up of U.K. and Republic of Ireland. 3. the highest mountain in Britain：Ben Nevis(本尼维斯山) the largest mountain range in Britain：the Grampians（格兰扁山脉） 4.the longest river：The Severn River (塞文河) The most important river in Britain and the second longest river: Thames（泰晤士河） 5. the largest lake in Britain：Lough Neagh（内伊湖）( Northern Ireland) 6. Backbone of England：the Pennies（奔宁山脉） The people 7.The first known settlers of Britain were the Iberians. 人们所知的英国最早居民是伊比利来人。 8.Basis of Modern English race? The earlist people known in Britain were nomads（游牧者）from mainland Europe in the Old Stone Age（旧石器时代）,followed by Neolithic（新石器时代）Iberians （伊比利亚人) and the Beaker Folk(比克人）in the Bronze Age（青铜器时代） 9.the contributions made by Anglo-Saxons to the English state? ①.established 'Old English' ②.laid the foundations of the English state ③. divided the country into shires ④. created the 'Witan' to advise the King(the basis of the Cabinet) 10.different invaders? First invasion—In 55 BC, Julius Caesar Second—Caesar's second raid in 54 BC Third and final—In 43 AD, Emperor Claudius, final and successful Roman invasion of Britain (recorded) Left—In 410, Germanic barbarian attack Rome, forcing Roman troops to leave Britain, and thus ending its occupation of the island History 9.Who is known as “ the father of the British navy” ? Sir Francis Drake 10. The Norman Conquest and its consequences The Norman Conquest (1066-1071) Fuse: Edward ruled for 24 years and died in January, 1066. Harold was chosen to be king. William, Duke of Normandy, heard the news of Harold’s coronation, he got very angry and claimed that he had the sole right to be king of England because
英美概况括考前知识点总结
英国概况 1，英国名称：The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) 2，地理位置：Great Britain is the largest island of the British Isles, the largest island in Europe and the eighth-largest island in the world. It lies to the northwest of Continental Europe, with Ireland to the west, and makes up the largest part of the territory of the state known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It is surrounded by over 1,000[citation needed] smaller islands and islets. 或者回答British mainland western Europe from Great Britain and Ireland, north-east and many nearby islands， She east by the North Sea, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, up to the North Atlantic off Iceland, Yugoslavia and the European continent, separated only by a strip of water, the English Channel 3, 英国首都：London 4,组成部分：England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland 5,民族：England Welsh、Scotch、Irish 6, 英国国旗：the Union Flag英国国歌：God Save The Queen 天佑女7，三次外族入侵：ⅠRoman Conquest；43AD, the roman empire
英美概况试题
上海海关学院 2011-2012学年第一学期期末考试试卷 《英美概论》A卷 考试时间：90分钟考试形式：闭卷 __________系_____级专业班姓名学号____________ 我承诺，遵守《上海海关学院考场规则》，诚信考试。考生签名：________________ I. You will be given fifteen American states and then match them with their corresponding number on the map. (2% x15=30%) ３0%)
1.Which invasion laid the foundation for English nation to be formed? A.Romans B. Anglo-Saxons C. Danes D. Normans 2. General election in the UK is held every____ years. A.2 B.3 C. 5. D.6 3. Wales was effectively united with England in the _____ century. A. 14th B. 15th C. 16th 4. By the Act of Union of _____ Scotland and the kingdom of England and Wales were constitutionally joined as the Kingdom of Britain. A. 1707 B. 1921 C. 1801 5.Which of the following is a holiday celebrated on November 5th in the UK and used to commemorate a plot to blow up the Houses of Parliament in 1605? A. First Footing B.Guy Fawk's Day C. Queen’s Birthday 6. Mt. Ben Nevis stands in _____. A. the Scottish Highlands B. Wales C. England 7..Boston is situated in Boston Bay, _____. A. Maine B. Massachusetts C. Connecticut 8.The following states are among the first thirteen colonies except _____. A. Maryland B. South Carolina C. Delaware D. Colorado 9.The First Continental Congress was held in _____ in September, 1774. A. Philadelphia B. Boston C. New York 10. Britain is basically an importer of _____. A. food B. raw materials C. manufactures D. both A and B 11. All of the following events are related to Henry VIII except: A. establishment of Church of England B. legal union of England and Wales C. beating Spanish Armada 12. Grand Canyon is in the state of ____. A. Arizona B. Utah C.Colorado 13. In 1689 the “Bill of Rights” was passed. _____ began in England. A. The Constitutional Monarchy B. All Estates Parliament C. House of Lancaster 14. England first became a sea power in the time of _____. A. Henry VII B. Elizabeth I C. Victoria 15. The Victorian Age began when the _____ was over. A. Edwardian Age B. Georgian Age C. Elizabethan Age 16. Public schools in the UK belong to the category of the _____ schools. A. state B. independent C. local 17. The pupils who had got the highest marks in the “eleven plus” examination would go to _____ school. A. grammar B. technical C. secondary modern 18. The universities of St. Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh are called the four _____ universities.
英美文化概况试题5
山东经济学院2010--2011学年第 1学期期末试题 英美文化概况（110126）试卷（5） 注意事项：所有的答案都必须写在答题纸上，答在试卷上一律无效 Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 1. Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. 2. The divine right of the king means the sovereign derived his authority from his subjects. 3. In Britain, Grammar schools select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education. 4. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain’s foreign policy. 5. The origin of Bowling lies in the victory celebration ceremony by the ancient warriors. 6. Americans have to join a political party in order to vote or to be a candidate for public office. 7. The Clinton Administration made national security, economic prosperity and promotion of democracy the three pillars of the American foreign policy. 8.It takes at least fours years to get a bachelor’s degree from an institution of higher learning in the US. 9. In Britain, Grammar schools select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education. 10. The president has the authority to appoint federal judges, and all such court appointments are subject to confirmation by the House of Representatives. 11.The main duty of the Congress is to make laws, including those which levy taxes that pay for the work of the federal government. 12.Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language, called “Gaelic” 13. When George W. Bush became President, his foreign policy has two prominent elements: isolationism and faith in military strength. 14. Harvard College was originally founded to train government officials. 15. There are about 60 members of the Commonwealth. 16. The state of Pennsylvania used to be inhabited by the Quakers. - 1 - （共页）
英美国家概况课后题及答案
英美国家概况课后题及答案 Chapter 2 1.The British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T) 2.The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC.(T) 3.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe--- the Britons.(T) 4.The Anglo--Saxons came to Britain in the mid--5th century.(T) 5.The chief or king of the Anglo--Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will.(F) 6.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T) 7.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T) 8.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople.(F) 9.The Hundred Years' War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans foe trade and territory.(F) 10.In an effort to make a promise between different religious factions,Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation.(T)