2016年湖南农业大学外国语言学及应用语言学811综合知识考研真题考研试题硕士研究生入学考试试题

2016年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码：811 综合知识

适用专业：外国语言学及应用语言学

考生需带的工具：

考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；

②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。

一、解释题：从下面挑选5个术语进行简单解释并可根据需要举例说明(共计10

分，每小题2分，多做依作答前5题记分)

1. design features

2. prescriptive linguistics

3. assimilation

4. inflection

5. semantics

6. trace theory

7. speech act

二、填空题：在下面每空填一个词，其中部分首字母已给出(共计10分，每空1分)

1、In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences based on limited rules. This feature is usually termed P_________.

2、P_________ function refers to expressions that help define and maintain interpersonal relations.

3、If a single movement from one element to a second element of the tongue is involved, the combing vowels are called d_________.

4. P_________ refers in the sound which is capable of distinguishing one word or one shape of word from another in a given language.

5. B_________ is a reverse process of derivation, and therefore is a process of shortening.

6. Phrase structure rules can generate an infinite number of sentences and sentences with infinite length, due to their r_________ properties.

7. “Words are names of labels for things”. This view is called N_________ theory in semantic studies.

8. While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized, that of u_________ is concrete and context-dependent.

9. C_________ are those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action.

10. Such errors as “teached” and “womans” are caused by o_________.

三、判断题：根据语言学常识判明正误，对者在该题括号里标T,错者在该题括号里

共4页第1页

英语语言学试题(1)及答案

英语语言学试题（1） I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%) 1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___. A、prescriptive B、sociolinguistic C、descriptive D、psycholinguistic 2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible. A、mouth B、lips C、tongue D、vocal cords 3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___. A、bound morpheme B、bound form C、inflectional morpheme D、free morpheme 4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A、coordinator B、particle C、preposition D、subordinator 5、"Can I borrow your bike?" _____ "You have a bike." A、is synonymous with B、is inconsistent with C、entails D、presupposes 6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___. A、semantics B、pragmatics C、sociolinguistics D、psycholinguistics 7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization. A、elaboration B、simplification C、external borrowing D、internal borrowing 8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication. A、Lingua franca B、Creole C、Pidgin D、Standard language 9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ . A、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus B、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex C、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons D、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area 10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. A、learning B、competence C、performance D、acquisition II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%) 11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k_______ of the rules of his language. 12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b______ . 13、M_______ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 14、A s______ is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command. 15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are called c______ synonyms. 16、The illocutionary point of r_____ is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said. 17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c______.

全国自考2016年10月00541《语言学概论》历年真题及答案

2016年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 语言学概论试卷(课程代码 00541) 第一部分选择题 一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题l分，共20分) 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题卡” 的相应代码涂黑。未涂、错涂或多涂均无分。 1.下面各项中，属于汉语北方方言的是 A.广州话 B.福州话 C.重庆话 D.上海话 2.汉语拼音字母b、p、m都是 A.舌尖音 B.唇齿音 C.正齿音 D.双唇音 3.下面各项属于自源文字的是 A.英文字母 B.甲骨文 C.腓尼基字母 D.希腊字母 4.儿童“以词代句语言”出现在 A.单词句阶段 B.语法句阶段 C.简单句阶段 D.复杂句阶段 5.“叶子岀水很高，像亭亭的舞女的裙”一句采用的修辞手法是 A.比拟 B.仿写 C.夸张 D.比喻 6.下面各项中含有轻声音节的是 A.渐渐 B.妈妈 C.声声 D.人人 7.“在家休息”是一个 A.动宾词组 B.主谓词组 C.偏正词组 D.兼语词组 8.不同行业有自己的“行话“行话”属于 A.地域方言 B.社会方言 C.亲属语言 D.混合语言 9.“半两棉花——免弹（谈)”采用的方法是 A.转移欢关 B.语义汉关 C.语音双关 D.替代双关 10.下面各项属于语言符号特点的是 A.约定性 B.自然性 C.固定性 D.想象性 11.一种语言的共同语是在某一个方言的基础上形成的，这种方言叫 A.母方言 B.底层方言 C.基础方言 D.原始方言

12.谈话体属于 A.书面语体 B.宣传语体 C.文学语体 D.口语语体 13.唐太宗名李世民，唐代人便把“世”改为“代'把“民”改成“人”，这是为了 A.避讳 B.图吉利 C.讨口彩 D.自谦 14.中国历史上推行“书同文”措施的是 A.齐桓公 B.秦始皇 C.汉武帝 D.唐玄宗 15.汉语中“罗汉、菩萨、塔、阎罗”等词的出现，是因为 A.儒家学说的兴盛 B.道教的兴起 C.名教的影响 D.佛教的传入 16.“弟弟吃苹果”不能说成“苹果弟弟吃'这是受制于语言符号的 A.组合关系 B.聚合关系C联想关系 D.分类关系 17.音高取决于声波的 A.振幅 B.数量 C.长短 D.频率 18.“这是革命的春天，这是人民的春天，这是科学的春天”，这个句子是 A.反复句 B.顶真句 C.对偶句 D.回环句 19.中国叫“绥远、定远”之类名字的地方，往往当年 A.水草丰美 B.山川秀丽 C.曾发生战乱后被抚平 D.人口特别多 20.—个民族的全体或部分成员放弃使用本民族语言转而使用另一民族语言的现象叫 A.语言混合 B.语言转用 C.克里奥尔 D.双语现象 二、多项选择题(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分) 在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。未涂、错涂、多涂或少涂均无分。 21.下面关于语言和民族、国家关系的说法中，正确的有 A.—个民族只能说一种语言 B.—个民族可以说多种语言 C.一个国家只有一种语言 D.—个国家可以有多种语言 E.不同民族可以说同一种语言 22.下面各项中，属于元音的有 A.[a] B.[f] C. [l] D.[o] E.[p] 23.下面各项中属于发散思维的表现形式的有 A.音乐 B.舞蹈 C.绘画 D.推理 E.文学 24.下面各项中彼此有亲属关系的语言有 A.日语 B.葡萄牙语 C.老挝语 D.朝鲜语 E.英语 25.下面各项中，属于借词的有

2021复旦大学英语语言文学考研参考书真题经验

复旦大学 英语语言文学考研经验

从决定考研开始就一直查各种资料和各种考验心得，经常在high研看师哥师姐们的热血经历，也得到了很多师哥师姐们的帮助，在这里先谢谢大家了。 我准备考研比较早，元旦左右就开始了，因为大三课比较多，所以前期复习时间较短，速度有点慢，因此，如果大家已经有目标，建议越早开始越好The early bird catches the worm! 政治： 暑假开始复习政治，一直到最后都是跟着肖秀荣老师的书在走，1000题很重要，可以抓很多细节性的知识，建议不要在书上直接写，方便后期反复利用。暑假期间可以先看去年大纲，大概有个印象，最后冲刺时四八套题一定要好好背，今年肖老师大题基本都中了。政治最好每天都分配一定的时间，这一科记得快忘的也快。 考研政治每门课都是一个庞大的体系，有着大量的内容。因此需要建构每门课的大体系框架，通过一个框架把整门课连接起来，背李凡政治新时器就够了。以中国近现代史纲要为例，以时间顺序可以把中国近现代史纲要分为两部分，即以1949年10月为分界限的中国近代史和中国现代史。 中国近代史又可分为两部分，即以“五四运动”为界限的旧民主主义运动和新民主主义运动两部分。在这两个阶段有一条非常明显的主线：列强对中国的侵略和中华民族各个阶层为了中国的独立所做出的努力。 根据这条主线旧民主主义运动又可以分为几个部分，即地主阶级、资产阶级维新派、资产阶级革命派、农民阶级做出的尝试，分别是“洋务运动”“戊戌变法”“辛亥革命”“太平天国运动”和“义和团运动”。“五四运动”后的新民主主义运动也可根据主线分为几个阶段，即第一次国内革命战争时期，国共十年对峙时期，抗日战争时期，解放战争时期。 中国现代史就是新中国的建设史，可以根据这条主线分为几个阶段，即1949~1956年的过渡时期，1956~1966年的社会主义建设时期，1966~1976年的“十年文革”时期，1976以后的社会主义建设新时期。 二外法语： 本科学校教材是新大学法语，我复习用过的资料有：考研必备，二外法语考研综合（肖红），和圣才出版的名校历年二外真题，不过这些书提供的答案有些

英语专业考研 语言学复习题附答案

英语专业考研语言学复习题附答案 Chapter I Introduction I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False: 1. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. 2.Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general. 3. A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks. 4. In the study of linguistics, hypotheses formed should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts. 5. General linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole. 6. General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other areas, studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study. 7. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication. 8. Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaningful sentences. 9. The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to form words is called morphology. 10. Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not only studies the morphemes, but also the combination of morphemes into words and words into sentences. 11. The study of meaning in language is known as semantics. 12. Both semantics and pragmatics study meanings. 13. Pragmatics is different from semantics in that pragmatics studies meaning not in isolation, but in context. 14. Social changes can often bring about language changes. 15. Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society. 16. Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive. 17. Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar. 18. A diachronic study of language is the description of language at some point in time. 19 Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not the written language. 20. The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussure. II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given: 21. Ch omsky defines “ competence” as the ideal user’s k__________ of the rules of his language. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/df17934382.html,ngue refers to the a__________ linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules. 23.D_________ is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless

英语语言学考研真题与典型题详解

I. Fill in the blanks. 1. The features that define our human languages can be call ed ______ features. (北二外2006研) 2. Linguistics is usually defined as the ______study of language. (北二外2003研) 3. Language, broadly speaking, is a means of______ communication. 4. In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences based on limited rules. This feature is usually ter med______ 5. Linguistics is the scientific study of______. 6. Modern linguistic is______ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rules for people to observe. 7. One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of ______ over writing. 8. The branch of linguistics which studies the sound patterns of a language is called ______. (北二外2003研) 9. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words is called______ . (北二外2004研) 10. ______mainly studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription. (北二外2005研) 11. Semantics and ______investigate different aspects of linguistic meaning. (北二外2007研) 12. In linguistics, ______ refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language, or simply, the study of the formation as sentence. (中山大学2008研) 13. ______can be defined as the study of language in use. Sociolinguistics, on the other hand, attempts to show the relationship between language and society. 14. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of sentence is called _______. (北二外2008研) 15. Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual ph enomena or data of linguistics (utterances) as and . The former refers to the abstract linguistic linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and the latter is the concrete manifestation of language either through speech or through writing. (人大2006研) 16. The description of a language as it changes through time is a ______ study. 17. Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure’s langue and Chomsky’s______. 18. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is ______ and parole. The former is the French word for “language”,which is the abstract knowledge necessary for s peaking，listening， writing and reading. The latter is concerned about the actual use of language by peop le in speech or writing. Parole is more variable and may change according to contextu al factors. 19. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is and performance. (人大2006研) 20. Chomsky initiated the distinction between ______ and performances. (北二外2007研) II. Multiple Choice 1.Which of the following is NOT a frequently discussed design feature? (大连外国语学院 2008研) A. Arbitrariness B. Convention C. Duality of the following words is entirely arbitrary? (西安交大2008研) A. tree B. crash C. typewriter D. bang

自考或考研语言学概论自考试题及答案

2008和2009自考语言学概论真题及答案一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。 1．下列关于“语言”的说法，不正确的一项是（） A．语言就是人们说出来的话 B．语言是一种有声符号系统 C．语言系统由多个子系统组成 D．语言是人类最重要的交际工具 2．下列属性中，风声、雨声、喷嚏声、咳嗽声均不具有的一项是（） A．生理属性 B．自然属性 C．社会属性 D．物理属性 3．下列各组元音中，都属于圆唇元音的一组是（） A．[i，u] B． C． D．[o，y] 4．下列词语中，不属于派生构词的一项是（） A．rewrite B．cats C．teacher D．unafraid 5．下列词语中，不属于偏义复合词的一项是（） A．妻子 B．国家 C．开关 D．忘记 6．下列各项中，不属于“语”的是（）A．惯用语 B．歇后语 C．成语 D．术语 7．美国语言学家乔姆斯基创立的语法理论是（） A．结构语法理论 B．功能语法理论 C．生成语法理论 D．认知语法理论 8．在“这道题我们做过”这个语言片段中，“这道题”和“我们做过”的性质是（）A．既是成分，也是组合 B．是成分，不是组合 C．不是成分，也不是组合 D．是组合，不是成分 9．英语“John loves she”这句话是病句，其错误在于（） A．性 B．格 C．数 D．态 10．下列关于义项的表述，正确的一项是（） A．义项只包括词的理性意义 B．义项包括词的临时意义 C．义项是词典释义的最小单位 D．词的多个义项并非总有关联 11．下列关于语义场的表述，不正确的一项是（） A．语义场是词义系统性的重要表现 B．语义场与上下位词关系密切 C．语义场是一个层级体系 D．不同语义场的系统性是均衡的 12．“行为”和“行径”在词义上最主要的差别在于（） A．感情色彩不同 B．形象色彩不同 C．语体色彩不同 D．理性意义不同 13．下列文字系统中，属于自源文字的是（） A．苏美尔文字 B．阿拉伯文字 C．腓尼基文字 D．拉丁文字 14．由意音文字换用表音文字，属于（）A．文字的创制 B．正字法改革 C．文字类型改革 D．字符类型改革 15．下列关于“语言转用”的表述，不正确的一项是（） A．语言转用是语言统一的重要形式 B．双语现象并非一定导致语言转用 C．语言转用以民族融合为必要条件 D．语言间的密切接触是语言转用的重要条件16．语汇系统中最为稳固而不易变化的是（） A．一般语汇 B．基本语汇 C．通用语汇 D．专用语汇 17．感性思维（前思维）活动不包括（）A．视觉和听觉 B．触觉和知觉 C．记忆和想象 D．情感和意志 18．一般儿童能跟成年人差不多一样地说话的年龄是（） A．1岁左右 B．3岁左右 C．5岁左右 D．12岁左右 19．下列关于母语教学的表述中，不正确的一项是（） A．母语教学主要指中小学阶段的语言教学B．母语教学的目的就是学会使用一种语言C．母语教学的任务包括提高逻辑思维能力D．母语教学也注重提高文化素质 20．对于中介语的错误类型，目前较多采用的分类是（） A．系统前错误、系统错误、系统后错误B．语法错误、语汇错误、语音错误 C．可容忍的错误、部分容忍的错误、不能容忍的错误 D．目标语判断性错误、来源语干扰性错误二、多项选择题（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选、少选或未选均无分。21．下列关于书面语的表述，正确的有（） A．是经过提炼的口语书面形式 B．与口语相比缺少了一些内容 C．不存在与口语严重脱节现象 D．会具有相对独立的发展历史 E．不会影响和促进口语的发展 22．从发音机制上看，辅音的音质决定于（） A．发音方法 B．发音部位 C．唇形圆展 D．舌位高低 E．舌位前后 23．“奥林匹克”这个词属于（）

语言学理论考博试题

北京师范大学汉语文化学院语言学及应用语言学2005年考博试题 一、名词解释（每个4分） 1、萨丕尔《语言论》 2、"预设 3、"语境 4、"化石化 5、"亲属语言 二、简述第一语言和第二语言学习/习得的异同。（10分） 三、语言变异的种类及原因（10分） 四、语言层次性理论在语言规范工作的运用。（20分） 五、 1、"语言动态理论对语言研究的影响（20分，二选一） 2、中介语理论是什么？在中国近二十年来的发展情况。 六、 1、"词类划分有没有必要？有必要的话，哪种标准最实用，请从中文信息处理的角度或对外汉语教学的角度论述。（20分，二选一） 2、怎样解决中文信息处理中的“瓶颈”问题。 中国传媒大学2010年考博试题 专业： 语言学及应用语言学 考试科目：

理论语言学 考试时间： 2010年3月27日14：00—17：00 一．请就语言规划或语言规范化研究尽你所知展开论述。（40分） 二．以下两题任选一道作答。（30分） A．请论述话语（语篇或篇章）的研究。 B．论述形式主义语言学与功能主义语言学的区别。 三．分析题。（3×10分=30分） 1．请分析下面三个四字格短语的联系，并分析造成这种区别的原因以及每个短语的表达效果。 喜鹊登枝、喜上梅梢、喜上眉梢 2．请从认知的角度解释为什么“我后悔死这件事了”能变换为“这件事后悔死我了”，而“我后悔这件事”不能变换成“这件事后悔我了”？ 3．运用预设理论分析下面这句话： 北京又开始打击非法一日游了。 考试科目： 应用语言学的历史及理论 考试时间： 2010年3月28日8：30—11：30 （第1题为必答题， 2、"

英语语言学试题库

英语语言学 Ⅰ.Directions：Read each of the following statements carefully，Decide which of the four choices completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets. 1.There are ( )main areas of phonetic study. A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5 ANSWER:B 2.The term( )linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages. A.synchronic B.diachronic https://www.wendangku.net/doc/df17934382.html,parative D.historical comparative ANSWER:B 3.Foreign language learning always contain ( ) A language historical process learning B.input and language learning C inter language in language learning D.grammar and language learning ANSWER:BCD 4.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+ last name, ( )and kin term. A title+ first name B title+ title

语言学考研真题

北京师范大学一九九年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题·语概·现汉专业：汉语言文字学 研究方向：训诂学与汉语词汇学、汉字学、汉语语法学、修辞学 考试科目：语言学概论及现代汉语 语言理论部分(共50分) 一、解释下列名词或术语(20分) 语法范畴历史语言学结构语言学语义场音位 二、回答下列问题(30分) 1、“汉藏语系”与“印欧语系”是根据什么标准划分的？这两种语系的主要区别表现在哪些方面？ 2、怎样认识语言符号的“任意性”与“强制性”？ 3、按照功能分类法，世界文字大致可经划分为几种类型？现代汉字属于哪种类型？ 现代汉语部分(共50分) 一。、回答下列问题(20分) 1、什么是“异读词”？它与多音多义字有何区别？ 2、现代汉字的标准化包括哪些内容？怎样进行现代汉字的整理和规范？ 3、什么是基本词汇？其主要特征有哪些？ 4、什么叫歧义句式？什么叫同义句式？ 安徽师范大学1996年招收研究生考题·语言学 招生专业、研究方向：现代汉语考试科目：语言学基础 一、解释下列术语：（17分） 音位（3分）变词语素（3分）态（一种语法范畴）（3分）语言融合（4分）言内意外（4分） 二、结合汉语词类的划分谈谈组合关系和聚合关系之间的联系。（10分） 三、元音和辅音有哪些区别？（6分） 四、怎样确定音位的区别特征？请举例加以说明。（12分） 五、汉语中的助词“们”与英语里表示名词复数的“-6”相比有哪些不同？请举例说明。（13分） 六、语言的结构类型有哪四种？它们主要有哪些特点？（10分） 七、结合同义词、反义词现象谈谈词的理性意义和附加意义（附加色彩）之间的关系。（12分） 八、外业词进入汉语以后会发生哪些变化？试举例说明。（10分） 安徽师范大学1994年招收研究生考题 招生专业、研究方向：现代汉语考试科目：语言学基础 一、简述语言系统中的组合关系和聚合关系。（10分） 二、人类语言和动物的交际方式的本质区别表现在哪几个方面？试简述之。（12分） 三、普通话音位系统的区别特征有哪几对？试举例说明。（16分） 四、简述词义的概括性的几种表现形式。（10分） 五、举例说明词语搭配（组合）所受到的语义条件限制（12分） 六、不同的语言的词类体系相同不相同？为什么？（10分） 一、举例说明语法规则的递归性。（10分） 二、运用变换的方法，辨析下列句子句法意义的细微区别。（10分） A、院子里站着许多人。 B、院子里唱着黄梅戏。

英语专业考研语言学试题集锦

语言学的资料很少，看完书后想找些习题或往年试题做做，可以起到练兵，巩固所看书本知识的作用。我收集了一些高校语言学的往年试题供大家参考，讨论，交流一下做题的感受，也希望大家可以把自己所考学校的往年试题发表在上面，给大家一起讨论。 1 One of the main features of our human language is arbitrariness .Can you briefly explain what is this feature refers to ? Give examples if necessary(10 points). < 北师大2003年试题） 2 In english we can describe a story as "a successful story" or "a success story ".Do you think they mean the same ? Please explain and give your reasons(10 points) ,< 同上》 3 Expain the following terms ,giving examples where necessary.(50 points) <中山2003》 design feature macrolinguistics vowel minimal pair folk etymology aspect anopho r error analysisr metaphor 4 Language can change through blending ,metanalysis ,back-formation, analogical creation and borrowing.Give two english words for each of them ( 5 points) 清华 2000年试题 5 Answer the following question briefly.clearly,grammatically and correctly.(10 Points ) 湖南师大2003年 What is it wrong to assume that the meaning of a sentence is the sum of the meaning of the words which compose it ? 7 Define the following terms.(10 points) 中国海洋大学1999 Phoneme ,consonant,morpheme,lexicon,syntax,endocentric construction,semantics,hyponymy ,language ,design feature 8 Define the following terms .(20 points) 苏州大学1997 allophone morpheme assimilation internal authority interlanguage phatic communion closed-class word government semantica triangic lingua franca

英语语言学试题(2)及答案-2002年1月

英语语言学试题（2） 一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题2分，共20分) 1. The pair of words “lend”and “borrow” are ___. A. gradable opposites B. relational opposites C. co-hyponyms D. synonyms 2. The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar____ . A. Jacob Grimm B. Rasmus Rask C. Franz Bopp D. Sir William Jones 3. A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as ___. A. unusual B. something to be feared C. abnormal D. natural 4. ___produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense, often as unintelligible. A. Broca's aphasic B. The linguistic deprivation C. The damage on the angular gyrus D. Wernicke's aphasic 5. Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night” as “light”. This shows:___ A. They cannot pronounce/n/ B. Interlangue interference because there is not the sound /n/in their mother tongue C. The teachers do not have a good teaching method D. They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds 6. A word with several meanings is called __word. A. a polysemous B. a synonymous C. an abnormal D. a multiple 7. The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it?” is __. A. informative B. phatic C. directive D. performative 8. The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in __ and vocabulary. A. usage B. grammar C. pronunciation D. structure 9.__deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space. A. Linguistic geography B. Lexicology C. Lexicography D. Sociolinguistics 10.The semantic c omponents of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as __. A. +animate, +male, +human,-adult B. +animate, +male, +human, +adult C. +animate, -male, +human,-adult D. +animate,-male,+ human, +adult 二、填空题(每空1分，共10分) 11. A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of w________ to form a complete statement, q ________or command. 12. In sociolinguistic studies, speakers are treated as members of s____ g________. 13. Utterance is based on ________ ________ ;it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication, or simply in a context. 14. To many people, a linguist is the same as a ________, one who can speak several languages fluently. 15. Consonant sounds can be either v ________or v____, while all vowel sounds are v________. 三、判断说明题(判断下列各小题，正确的在题后括号内写“T”，错的写“F”，并说明理由。每小题2分，共20分) 16. All words may be said to contain a root morpheme.( ) 17. Tense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning.( ) 18. Linguistics is the course of language.( ) 19. The part of a sentence which comprises an infinite verb or a verb phrase is grammatically called