英语语言学测试

英语语言学测试1

一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题2分，共20分)

1.The pair of words “lend”and “borrow”are ___.( )

A.gradable opposites

B.relational opposites

C.co-hyponyms

D.synonyms

2.The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar .( )

A.Jacob Grimm

B.Rasmus Rask

C.Franz Bopp

D.Sir William Jones

3.A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as __.( )

A.unusual

B.something to be feared

C.abnormal

D.natural

4.__produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.( )

A.Broca's aphasic

B.The linguistic deprivation

C.The damage on the angular gyrus

D.Wernicke's aphasic

5.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night” as “light”.This shows: .( )

A.They cannot pronounce/n/

B.Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongue

C.The teachers do not have a good teaching method

D.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds

6.A word with several meanings is called __word.( )

A.a polysemous

B.a synonymous

C.an abnormal

D.a multiple

7.The function of t he sentence “A nice day, isn't it?”is __.( )

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d118193513.html,rmative

B.phatic

C.directive

D.performative

8.The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in __ and vocabulary.( )

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d118193513.html,age

B.grammar

C.pronunciation

D.structure

9.__deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.( )

A.Linguistic geography

B.Lexicology

C.Lexicography

D.Sociolinguistics

10.The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as __.( )

A.+animate,+male,+human,-adult

B.+animate,+male,+human,+adult

C.+animate,-male,+human,-adult

D.+animate,-male,+human,+adult

二、填空题(每空1分，共10分)

11.A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises

a number of w________ to form a complete statement, q________ or command.

12. In sociolinguistic studies, speakers are treated as members of s__ g________.

13. Utterance is based on ________ ________ ;it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication, or simply in a context.

14. To many people, a linguist is the same as a ________,one who can speak several languages fluently.

15. Consonant sounds can be either v ________or v__, while all vowel sounds are v________.

三、判断说明题(判断下列各小题，正确的在题后括号内写“T”，错的写“F”，并说明理由。每小题2分，共20分)

16.All words may be said to contain a root morpheme.( )

17.Tense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning.( )

18.Linguistics is the course of language.( )

19.The part of a sentence which compriese comprises an infinite verb or

a ver

b phrase is grammatically called predicate.( )

20.Historical linguistics equals to the study of synchronic study.( )

21.The term dialect,as a technical term in linguistics,carries value judgement and not simply refers to a distinct form of language.( )

22.Morphology is translated as形态学。( )

23.The word “photographically” is made up of 4 morphemes.( )

24.The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph.( )

25.Semantics is the main part of linguistics.( )

四、名词解释(每小题3分，共30分)

26.general linguistics

27.suprasegmental features

28.root and stem

29.hierarchical structure

30.naming theory and conceptualist view

31.maxims of quality and manner

32.blending

33.sociolect

34.subvocal speech

35.contrastive analysis

五、论述题(每小题10分，共20分)

36.Paraphrase each of the following sentences in two different ways to show the syntactic rules account for the ambiguity of sentences.

(1)He saw young men and women present.

(2)They were surprised at the president's appointment.

37.Decide the meaning of the following affixes and give each affix two examples.

re-

un-

super-

-ize

-age

英语语言学试题及答案

英语语言学试题（1） I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%) 1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___. A、prescriptive B、sociolinguistic C、descriptive D、psycholinguistic 2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible. A、mouth B、lips C、tongue D、vocal cords 3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___. A、bound morpheme B、bound form C、inflectional morpheme D、free morpheme 4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A、coordinator B、particle C、preposition D、subordinator 5、"Can I borrow your bike?" _____ "You have a bike." A、is synonymous with B、is inconsistent with C、entails D、presupposes 6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___. A、semantics B、pragmatics C、sociolinguistics D、psycholinguistics 7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization. A、elaboration B、simplification C、external borrowing D、internal borrowing 8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication. A、Lingua franca B、Creole C、Pidgin D、Standard language 9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ . A、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus B、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex C、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons D、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area 10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. A、learning B、competence C、performance D、acquisition II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%) 11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k_______ of the rules of his language. 12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b______ . 13、M_______ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 14、A s______ is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command. 15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are called c______ synonyms. 16、The illocutionary point of r_____ is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said. 17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c______.

2016-英语语言学期末试题练习-+答案

英语语言学练习题 Ⅰ. Matching Match each of the following terms in Column A with one of the appropriate definitions in Column B. Column A 1.displacement https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d118193513.html,ngue 3.suprasegmental feature 4.deep structure 5.predication analysis 6.idiolect 7.pidgin 8.mistakes 9.interlanguage 10.motivation 11.arbitrariness https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d118193513.html,petence 13.broad transcription 14.morphology 15.category 16.errors https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d118193513.html,ponential analysis 18.context 19.blending 20.culture 21.learning strategies 22.selectional restrictions 23.phrase structure rules 24.culture diffusion Column B A.Learners’ independent system of the second language, which is of neither the native language nor the second language, but a continuum or approximation from his native language to the target language. 9 B.Learner’s attitudes and affective state or learning drive, having a strong impact on his efforts n learning a second language. 21 C.The rules that specify the constituents of syntactic categories. 23 D.Through communication, some elements of culture A enter culture B and become part of culture B. 24 E. A personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations. 6 F. A special language variety that mixes or blends languages and it is used by people who speak different languages for restricted purposes such as trading. 7 G.The kind of analysis which involves the breaking down of predications into their constituents- ---- arguments and predicates. 5 H.They refer to constraints on what lexical items can go with what others. 22 I.The structure formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head’s subcategorization properties. 4 J.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. 3 K.The study of the internal structure of words, and the rules that govern the rule of word formation. 14 L.The abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. 2 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d118193513.html,nguage can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. It is one of the distinctive features of human language. 1 N.Learner’s conscious, goal-oriented and problem-solving based efforts to achieve learning efficiency. 10 O.The total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community. 20 P.The common knowledge shared by both the speaker and hearer. 18

英语语言学试题库

英语语言学 Ⅰ.Directions：Read each of the following statements carefully，Decide which of the four choices completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets. 1.There are ( )main areas of phonetic study. A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5 ANSWER:B 2.The term( )linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages. A.synchronic B.diachronic https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d118193513.html,parative D.historical comparative ANSWER:B 3.Foreign language learning always contain ( ) A language historical process learning B.input and language learning C inter language in language learning D.grammar and language learning ANSWER:BCD 4.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+ last name, ( )and kin term. A title+ first name B title+ title

英语语言学考研真题与典型题详解

I. Fill in the blanks. 1. The features that define our human languages can be call ed ______ features. (北二外2006研) 2. Linguistics is usually defined as the ______study of language. (北二外2003研) 3. Language, broadly speaking, is a means of______ communication. 4. In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences based on limited rules. This feature is usually ter med______ 5. Linguistics is the scientific study of______. 6. Modern linguistic is______ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rules for people to observe. 7. One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of ______ over writing. 8. The branch of linguistics which studies the sound patterns of a language is called ______. (北二外2003研) 9. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words is called______ . (北二外2004研) 10. ______mainly studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription. (北二外2005研) 11. Semantics and ______investigate different aspects of linguistic meaning. (北二外2007研) 12. In linguistics, ______ refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language, or simply, the study of the formation as sentence. (中山大学2008研) 13. ______can be defined as the study of language in use. Sociolinguistics, on the other hand, attempts to show the relationship between language and society. 14. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of sentence is called _______. (北二外2008研) 15. Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual ph enomena or data of linguistics (utterances) as and . The former refers to the abstract linguistic linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and the latter is the concrete manifestation of language either through speech or through writing. (人大2006研) 16. The description of a language as it changes through time is a ______ study. 17. Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure’s langue and Chomsky’s______. 18. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is ______ and parole. The former is the French word for “language”,which is the abstract knowledge necessary for s peaking，listening， writing and reading. The latter is concerned about the actual use of language by peop le in speech or writing. Parole is more variable and may change according to contextu al factors. 19. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is and performance. (人大2006研) 20. Chomsky initiated the distinction between ______ and performances. (北二外2007研) II. Multiple Choice 1.Which of the following is NOT a frequently discussed design feature? (大连外国语学院 2008研) A. Arbitrariness B. Convention C. Duality of the following words is entirely arbitrary? (西安交大2008研) A. tree B. crash C. typewriter D. bang

英语语言学试题(2)及答案-2002年1月

英语语言学试题（2） 一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题2分，共20分) 1. The pair of words “lend”and “borrow” are ___. A. gradable opposites B. relational opposites C. co-hyponyms D. synonyms 2. The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar____ . A. Jacob Grimm B. Rasmus Rask C. Franz Bopp D. Sir William Jones 3. A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as ___. A. unusual B. something to be feared C. abnormal D. natural 4. ___produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense, often as unintelligible. A. Broca's aphasic B. The linguistic deprivation C. The damage on the angular gyrus D. Wernicke's aphasic 5. Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night” as “light”. This shows:___ A. They cannot pronounce/n/ B. Interlangue interference because there is not the sound /n/in their mother tongue C. The teachers do not have a good teaching method D. They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds 6. A word with several meanings is called __word. A. a polysemous B. a synonymous C. an abnormal D. a multiple 7. The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it?” is __. A. informative B. phatic C. directive D. performative 8. The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in __ and vocabulary. A. usage B. grammar C. pronunciation D. structure 9.__deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space. A. Linguistic geography B. Lexicology C. Lexicography D. Sociolinguistics 10.The semantic c omponents of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as __. A. +animate, +male, +human,-adult B. +animate, +male, +human, +adult C. +animate, -male, +human,-adult D. +animate,-male,+ human, +adult 二、填空题(每空1分，共10分) 11. A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of w________ to form a complete statement, q ________or command. 12. In sociolinguistic studies, speakers are treated as members of s____ g________. 13. Utterance is based on ________ ________ ;it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication, or simply in a context. 14. To many people, a linguist is the same as a ________, one who can speak several languages fluently. 15. Consonant sounds can be either v ________or v____, while all vowel sounds are v________. 三、判断说明题(判断下列各小题，正确的在题后括号内写“T”，错的写“F”，并说明理由。每小题2分，共20分) 16. All words may be said to contain a root morpheme.( ) 17. Tense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning.( ) 18. Linguistics is the course of language.( ) 19. The part of a sentence which comprises an infinite verb or a verb phrase is grammatically called

英语语言学考研真题与典型题详解1

1.3考研真题与典型题详解 I. Fill in the blanks. 1. The features that define our human languages can be called ______ features. (北二外2006研) 2. Linguistics is usually defined as the ______study of language. (北二外2003研) 3. Language, broadly speaking, is a means of______ communication. 4. In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences ba sed on limited rules. This feature is usually termed______ 5. Linguistics is the scientific study of______. 6. Modern linguistic is______ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rul es for people to observe. 7. One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of ______ over writing. 8. The branch of linguistics which studies the sound patterns of a language is called ______. (北二外2003研) 9. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words is called______. (北二外2004研) 10. ______mainly studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription. (北二外2005研) 11. Semantics and ______investigate different aspects of linguistic meaning. (北二外2007研) 12. In linguistics, ______ refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a lang uage, or simply, the study of the formation as sentence. (中山大学2008研) 13. ______can be defined as the study of language in use. Sociolinguistics, on the other hand, attempts to show the relations hip between language and society. 14. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of sentence is called _______. (北二外2008研) 15. Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics (utteran ces) as and . The former refers to the abstract linguistic linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and the latter is the concrete manifestation of language either through speech or through writing. (人大2006研) 16. The description of a language as it changes through time is a ______ study. 17. Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure’s langue and Chomsky’s______. 18. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is ______ and parole. The former is the French word for “language”, whi ch is the abstract knowledge necessary for speaking，listening， writing and reading. The latter is concerned about the actual use of language by people in speech or writing. Parole is more variable and may change according to contextual factors. 19. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is and performance. (人大2006研) 20. Chomsky initiated the distinction between ______ and performances. (北二外2007研) II. Multiple Choice 1.Which of the following is NOT a frequently discussed design feature? (大连外国语学院2008研) A. Arbitrariness B. Convention C. Duality 2.Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary? (西安交大2008研) A. tree B. crash C. typewriter D. bang 3. A linguist regards the changes in language and languages use as______. A. unnatural B. something to be feared C. natural D. abnormal 4. Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, d ue to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation? A. Transferability. B. Duality. C. Displacement. D. Arbitrariness: 5. The study of physical properties of the sounds produced in speech is closely connected with______. (大连外国语学院2008研) A. articulatory phonetics B. acoustic phonetics C. auditory phonetics 6. Which of the following statements is true of Jacobson’s framework of language functions? A. The referential function is to indulge in language for its own sake. B. The emotive function is to convey message and inf ormation. C. The conative function is to clear up intentions, words and meanings. D. The phatic function is to establish communion w ith others.

英语语言学试题试卷

黄冈师范学院2011年下学期 结业考试 英语语言学试题试卷 注意：学员证号和姓名不写、不写全或写在密封线外者，试卷作废。 1. There are __ __ (number) phones, __ __ (number) phonemes in the word ―loyalty ‖ 2.Of all the speech organs, the __ ___ is the most flexible, and is responsible for varieties of articulation than any other. When the vocal cords are drawn wide apart, letting air go through without causing vibration, the sounds produced in such condition are __ ____. 3. The two words ―autumn ‖ and ―fall ‖ are __ __ synonyms. 4. The _ ___ meaning of a word is its dictionary meaning while _ meaning refers to ―the implication of a word, apart from its primary meaning. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d118193513.html,plementary distribution means that the _ __ of the same phoneme always occur in different phonetic environments. 6. Generally speaking, we can divide phonetics into at least three branches: articulatory phonetics, _ __ phonetics and acoustic phonetics. 7. Chomsky defines _ _ as the ideal speaker ’s knowledge of the rules of his language, and performance is the actual realization of this knowledge. 8. The phenomenon ―holiday meant a day of religious significance before, but today it signifies any day on which we don ’t have to work ‖ is _ __of the meaning 9.In Engllish, nouns, verbs adjectives and adverbs make up the largest part of the vocabulary, they are called __ __ class words ,while conjunctions, prepositions, articles and pronouns are regarded as closed class words. 10. Morphology is the study of the internal __ __ of words and the way in which words are formed. 11. The word ―disapproval ‖ has ___ ___ (number) morphemes while the word ―unchecked ‖ has __ ___ (number) morphemes. 12. _ _ are independent units of meaning and can be used freely all by themselves. 13.In English, _ _ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form. 14. A lingustic study is _ _ if it describes and analyses the language people actually use; it is prescriptive if it tries to lay down rules for ―correct ‖ behavior. 15.Suprasegmental features include stress, tone and _ __. 1. （ ）There is only one argument in the sentence ―Children play basketball.‖ 2. （ ）Linguists think Black English is non-standard language while the received English is standard language. 3. （ ）There is only one type of affixes in the English language. 4. （ ） Pragmatics is related to and also different from semantics. 5. （ ） To a linguist, though all language forms can fulfill communicative functions, some languages are somewhat superior to the others. 6. （ ）A synchronic study of language is a historical study. 7. （ ）Deep structure is the same as surface structure. 8. （ ）One of the recent trends of language change is moving towards greater formality. 9. （ ）The distinction between langue and parole was proposed by F. de Saussure. 10.（ ） Culture is one part of language, because language embodies cultural reality. Column A Column B 1.（ ） arbitrariness A. basic element of meaning, which cannot be divided 2.（ ） maxim of quantity B. the meaning of a word can be divided into meaning component 3.（ ） culture C. the same one word may have more than one meaning 4.（ ） morphemes D. conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon, and phonology. 5.（ ） Sequential rule E. make someone ’s contribution as informative as required 6.（ ） assimilation rule F . there is no connection between a linguistic symbol I. Fill in the blanks (2’×15=30’) Ⅱ. Decide the following statements true or false: ( T for True and F for False).(1’×10=10’) III. Match the terms in column A with the descriptions in column B. (1’×10=10’)