2008-2015专八改错真题与答案

2000 年 -2015年专八短文改错试题

2015 年 3 月 21 日专业八级考试改错

When I was in my early teens, I was taken to a spectacular show

on ice by the mother of a friend. Looked round a the luxury of the 1. ______

rink, my friend ’s mother remarked on the “plush ”seats we had been

given. I did not know what she meant, and being proud of my 2. ______ vocabulary, I tried to infer its meaning from the context. “Plush”

was clearly intended as a complimentary, a positive evaluation; that 3. ______

much I could tell it from the tone of voice and the context. So I 4. ______

started to use the word. Yes, I replied, they certainly are plush, and

so are the ice rink and the costumes of the skaters, aren’tthey? My

friend ’s mother was very polite to correct me, but I could tell from her 5. ______ expression that I had not got the word quite right.

Often we can indeed infer from the context what a word roughly

means, and that is in fact the way which we usually acquire both 6. ______

new words and new meanings for familiar words, specially in our7. ______

own first language. But sometimes we need to ask, as I should have

asked for Plush, and this is particularly true in the8. ______ aspect of a foreign language. If you are continually surrounded by9. ______ speakers of the language you are learning, you can ask them directly,

but often this opportunity does not exist for the learner of English.

So dictionaries have been developed to mend the gap.10. ______

2014 改错

There is widespread consensus among scholars that second language acquisition (SLA) emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s to early 1960s.

There is a high level of agreement that the following questions (1) ______

have possessed the most attention of researchers in this area: (2) ______

l Is it possible to acquire an additional language in the

same sense one acquires a first language? (3) ______

l What is the explanation for the fact adults have (4) ______

more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children have?

l What motivates people to acquire additional language?

l What is the role of the language teaching in the (5) ______

acquisition of additional languages?

l What social-cultural factors, if any, are relevant in studying

the learning of additional languages?

From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all (6) ______

the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far have

one thing in common: The perspective adopted to view the acquiring

of an additional language is that of an individual attempts to do (7) ______

so. Whether one labels it “learning ” or “acquiring ” an additional language, it is

an individual accomplishment or what is under (8) ______

focus is the cognitive, psychological, and institutional status of an

individual. That is, the spotlight is on what mental capabilities are

involving, what psychological factors play a role in the learning (9) ______

or acquisition, and whether the target language is learnt in the

classroom or acquired through social touch with native speakers. (10) ______

2013 专八短文改错试题．

Psycho-linguistics is the name given to the study of the psychological processes

involved in language. Psycholinguistics study understanding,

production and remembering language, and hence are concerned with(1) _____

listening, reading, speaking, writing, and memory for language.

One reason why we take the language for granted is that it usually(2) ______

happens so effortlessly, and most of time, so accurately.(3) ______

Indeed, when you listen to someone to speaking, or looking at this page,(4) ______

you normally cannot help but understand it. It is only in exceptional

circumstances we might become aware of the complexity(5) ______

involved: if we are searching for a word but cannot remember it;

if a relative or colleague has had a stroke which has influenced(6) ______

their language; if we observe a child acquire language; if(7) ______

we try to learn a second language ourselves as an adult; or

if we are visually impaired or hearing-impaired or if we meet

anyone else who is. As we shall see, all these examples(8) ______

of what might be called “language in exceptional circumstances ”

reveal a great deal about the processes evolved in speaking,(9) ______

listening, writing and reading. But given that language processes

were normally so automatic, we also need to carry out careful(10) ______

experiments to get at what is happening.

2012 年

The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely. The argument has been going since at least the first(1) ______

century B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19 th century, many writers

favoured certain kind of“free”translation: the spirit, not the letter; the(2) _______

sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter not(3) _______

the manner. This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who(4) _______

wanted the truth to be read and understood. Then in the turn of 19 th(5) _______

century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested that

the linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language(6) _______

was entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible(7) _______

gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must be as(8) _______

literal as possible. This view culminated the statement of the(9) _______

extreme “literalists ”Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov.

The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, the

nature of the readership, the type of the text, was not discussed. Too

often, writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified with

each other. Now, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains.(10) _____

2011 年专八真题改错部分

From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knew

that when I grew I should be a writer. Between the ages of about1__________ seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea, but I did so

with the conscience that I was outraging my true nature and that soon or later I should have to settle down and write books.

I was the child of three, but there was a gap of five years 2___________ 3___________ 4__________

on either side, and I barely saw my father before I was eight. For this

and other reasons I was somewhat lonely, and I soon developed

disagreeing mannerisms which made me unpopular throughout my5_____________ schooldays. I had the lonely child's habit of making up stories and

holding conversations with imaginative persons, and I think from the very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of 6_________ 7________

being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with words

and a power of facing in unpleasant facts, and I felt that this created a sort of private world which I could get my own back for my failure in everyday life. Therefore, the volume of serious — i.e. seriously

8________ 9________ 10________

intended — writing which I produced all through my childhood and

boyhood would not amount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my first poem

at the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation.

2010 年专八真题改错部分

So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally

complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is,

every language appears to be well equipped as any other to say1________________ the things their speakers want to say.2________________ There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive3________________ peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all

groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or

psychology or the cultivation of rice . Whereas this is not the4_____________

fault of their language. The Eskimos , it is said, can speak about

snow with further more precision and subtlety than we can in5______________ English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of those

sometimes miscalled 'primitive') is inherently more precise and

subtle than English. This example does not come to light a defect6______________

in English, a show of unexpected 'primitiveness'. The position is

simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in similar7____________ environments. The English language will be just as rich in terms8____________

for different kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which

Englishwas habitually used made such distinction as important.9_____________ Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language

could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture

or cricket if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos' life.10____________

2009

The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passes

from one school child to the next and illustrates the further difference(1)___________

between school lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse,

learnt in early childhood, is not usually passed on again when the(2)___________ little listener has grown up, and has children of their own, or even(3)____________ grandchildren. The period between learning a nursery rhyme and

transmitting it may be something from twenty to seventy years. With(4)_____________ the playground lore, therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed(5)___________ on within the very hour it is learnt; and in the general, it passes(6)_____________ between children of the same age, or nearly so, since it is uncommon

for the difference in age between playmates to be more than five

years. If ,therefore, a playground rhyme can be shown to have been

currently for a hundred years, or even just for fifty, it follows that it(7)__________

has been retransmitted over and over; very possibly it has passed(8)___________ along a chain of two or three hundred young hearers and tellers, and

the wonder is that it remains live after so much handling,(9)____________ to let alone that it bears resemblance to the(10)____________

2008 年专八真题短文改错

The desire to use language as a sign of national identity is a

very natural one, and in result language has played a prominent____1____

part in national moves. Men have often felt the need to cultivate____2____

a given language to show that they are distinctive from another____3____

race whose hegemony they resent. At the time the United States____4____

split off from Britain, for example, there were proposals that

independence should be linguistically accepted by the use of a____5____

different language from those of Britain. There was even one____6____

proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew. Others favoured

the adoption of Greek, though, as one man put it, things would

certainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to English____7____

and made the British learn Greek. At the end, as everyone____8____

knows, the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactory

solution of carrying with the same language as before.____9____

Since nearly two hundred years now, they have shown the world____10____

that political independence and national identity can be complete

without sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of a

common language.

customer.

2015

1.looked 改成 looking

2.she 后面加 had

3.去掉第二个a

4.去掉 it

5.polite 改成 politely

6.which 改成 that

7.specially 改成 especially

8.this 改成 it

9.continually 改成 often

10.mend 改成 narrow

2014

1.把 of 去掉。

2.把 possessed 改成 attracted，

3.把 a 改成 the

4.在 facts 和 adults 之间加个 that，

5.把第二个 the 去掉。

6.把第二个 of 改成 in

7.把 attempts 改成 attempt

8.把 or 改成 and

9.what 改成 how

10.把 touche 改成 touches

2013

1.production 改成 producing

2.去掉 the

3.去掉 accurately 前面的 so

4.looking 改为 look

5.we 前面加 that

6.去掉 colleague 后面的 has

7.their 改成 his

8.anyone 改成 pure 老师 someone

9.evolved 改成 involved

10.were 改成 are

2012

参考答案：

1． going ∧ since－加入 on

题解： go on 的意思是“继续” ，符合句子表达的含义“争论一直在继续”。

2． certain－改为 a certain

题解：此处要表达的意思是“很多作家喜欢一种自由的翻译方法” ，第一次出现这种方法应该加上不定冠词。3． rather－改为 not

题解：根据原句的句子结构，rather 应改为 not。

4． is －改为 was

题解：此句应该为过去时。

5． in －改为at

题解： at the turn of 19 th century“十九世纪之初”，是固定搭配。

6． the －删去第二个the

题解：这里并没有特指某种语言，所以不用定冠词。

7． view ∧ translation －加入 that

题解：在view 和 translation 之间加上that，可将“ translation was impossible ”看成 view 的同位语。

8． was－删去 was

题解：条件状语从句常可以省略主语和系动词。

9． culminated ∧the－加入 in

题解： culminate in 是“以 ......告终”的意思，符合上下文含义。

10． and －改为 but

题解：原句意思“现在背景变化了，但是基本问题依然存在”，两句话之间应该是转折关系

2011

1，在 grow 后加 up, 考固定短语

2，改 consience 为 consciousness 考词语区别， consience 翻译为“良心，道德心” , consiousness翻译为“意识”

3，改 soon 为 sooner， sooner or later 是固定短语

4，在 child 前加 middle, 考上下文理解。作者是三个孩子句中的那位

5，改 disagreeing 为 disagreeable ，disagreeing 只能作动名词，不能作形容词。disagreeable mannernisms 令人讨厌的习惯

6，改 imaginative 为 imaginary, 考词语区别imaginative 翻译为“有想象力的”，imaginary 翻译为“想象的，虚构的”

7，改 literal 为 literary , 考词义区别， literal 翻译为“字面的”，literary翻译为“文学方面的”

8，去掉 face 后的 in， face 接宾语时是及物动词。考动词的基本用法

9，在 world 后加 in 或者改 which 为 where, 考定语从句

10，改 Therefore 为 However 或者 Nevertheness, 考语境。

感悟： 11 专八改错相对前几年专八改错要简单一点。本人认为词义区别考得过多了。

2010

2010 年专八真题改错参考答案以及分词

1 be 后插入 as;as ? as引导的比较级

2 their 改为 its;its 代替 every language

3 There 改为 It;It 此处作为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式

4 Whereas 改为 But ；语境需要表示转折的连词，whereas 表示对比

5 further 改为 much further 不能修饰比较级

6 come 改为 bring;(sth)come to light , bring sth to light

bring to light the defect of English =bring the defect of english to light揭示英语的缺陷

7 similar 改为 different;根据语境应该用 different

8 will 改为 would;虚拟语气

9 as important 去掉 as;

10 the part 去掉 the 或者改 the 为 abe/become/form (a) part of是固定短语

2009

答案分析：

(1)the further difference 改为 a further difference （此次应该用不定冠词表示泛指）

(2)改 when 为 until, 结构 not...until 翻译为“直到??才”

(3)their 改为 his（代词与前文 a little listener 在单复数上保持一致）

(4)something改为anything此处指二十到七十的任何时段

(5)therefore 改为 however （根据上下文逻辑关系）

(6)in the general 去掉 the （习惯用法 in general 表示总的来说，一般不用冠词）

(7)currently 改为 current （这里起的是表语的作用，需要形容词而不是副词）

(8)it has passed 改为 it has been passed （与分号前的被动保持一致）

(9) live改为alive alive 翻译为“鲜活的”，一般作补语；live 翻译为“现场转播的；活的”，一般作定语

(10) to let alone 改为let alone (let alone 为习惯搭配，意思是“更不用说

2008

1. in result改成in consequence，

2 moves 改成 movements.

3 distinctive 改成 distinct 或 different

4在 time 后加 when 5

accepted 改成 realized

6 those 改成 that

7 删除 on,

8 At 改成 In

9 carrying with改成carrying on with

10 now 改成ago

2007

1, 改 and 为 or, any languagages today or recordsof ancient languages 是并列成分，在否定句中用or

2,改show为showing,现在分词作定语

3，删除 the,表示泛指

4，改 and 为 but, 根据语境此处是转折

5，改large 为 larger, 后面有 than,应该用比较级

6，改in为on, on other grounds基于其“它理由”，为固定搭配

7，改 return 为 response , in response to对??“作出反应”

8，删除 on, emphasize sth emphasize 是及物动词

9，在 large 前加 a, extent 是可数名词，前面要加冠词。"to a large extent" 翻译为“在很大程度上”10，改these 为 those those that/who 为固定形式

2006

1, 改 agreeing 为 agreed agreed conventions 翻译为“习俗”

2， words 前加 the,此处为特指

3，改 in 为 at at one’ s disposal为固定短语，翻译为“由某人做主”

4，改 enables 为 enable，定语从句与先行词vocabulary and a set of grammatical rules 保持一致

5，删除 the, 此处需要泛指

6，改old 为 older, 此处需要比较级

7，改 seen为 understood， system 应该是被理解

8．，删除 it take sth for granted take it for granted that?

9,改or为and,语境需要并列关系而不需选择关系

10， most 前加 the, 形容词最高级中that 一般不能省略

2005

1. investing 应改为 invested，过去分词作定语

2.在 irrespective 和 fluctuations 之间加上介词 of。irrespectiveOf 是一固定用法，意指“不论，不管，不顾，”等，此处指公司不顾收入的波动变化。

3.把 those 改为 that， that 此处代替 outlook

4．在fact和economic之间力口上关系代词that。这是一个同位语从语，that在同位语从句中是不能省

略的 .

5．把定冠词the 去掉 , in school 表示上学这个抽象意义

6．把形容词 poor 改为其比较级 poorer。这句中的 poor 与后面的 more 形成一对比较关系，表示“越??越??”7．在 ways 和 which 之间加上一个介词in。

8．这里应该用动词的—lng形式，即eliminating，以便使句型结构与前面的giving(students a governance role)保持一致，否则句子结构和意思都显得不正确。

9．将 shorten(缩短；使变短)改为 reduce/lesson/weaken。此处属于用词不当。

10．将 to give discounts on 改为 to give discounts to their best customer 。意为实业公司给最好的客户提供优惠。 Give discounts to sb 为固定短语

2004

1.,在 set 后加 up,set up“建立、成立”是固定短语

2.答案： consisted→ consisting/composed

3.答案： in→ on

【详细解答】固定搭配on ...occasions

4.答案rely 后加 on

【详细解答】固定搭配rely on sb. to do something

5.答案： make out → make

【详细解答】 make out 意思是“辨认出”，而此处意思是“对 ...做详细的研究”，故用“make detailed studies of...即”可。

6.答案：its→their

【详细解答】此处指代的是“investigations

7.答案：public→ the public

故”用,复数。

【详细解答】 the +adj.

8.答案： nevertheless 可表示某一类人，此处意思是

→ therefore/ thus

“面向公众”，故应用“the public 。”

【详细解答】此处不是表示意思的转折，而是与前文构成因果关系，故可改为

9.答案： interests→ interest

therefore或 thus。

【详细解答】10.答案： these 此处看成不可数名词为佳→ those

【详细解答】those指代witnesses ,即指代名词复数做定语从句的先行词，而these不行

2003

1. 答案：height→ high，high作为名词翻译为“最高水平”，又如reach an all-time high

2．答案：删除a

【详细解答】此处steady decline指稳定下降的行为、过程而不是其结果，为不可数名词，故应去掉定冠词a。

3．答案： went 后加 on

【详细解答】go on 为固定搭配，意为“持续”。

4．答案： high →higher

【详细解答】后面有 than，此处应为比较级。

5．答案： Europe→European

【详细解答】根据上下文，此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词counterparts。

6．答案：more

【详细解答】由上下文可知，more 与 equally 矛盾，故应去掉。

7．答案： nevertheless →also

【详细解答】由上下文可知，此处讲的内容与前部分内容之间为递进关系，而非转折关系。

8．答案：that →those

【详细解答】由上下文可知，此处所指代的应为前面复数形式的marriages，故指示代词也应该用复数形式。

9．答案：Since →Although （或While ）

【详细解答】10．答案：【详细解答】

从逻辑上讲，此处应表达让步关系，而非因果关系。in →to

to．．． extent 为固定搭配，意为“到?? 程度”

2002

答案与详解

1.答案： and → while/whereas

【详细解答】前半句意为“发音是在无意识之中学成的”，后半句意为“拼写是有意识地学成的”，它们之间是对比

关系，故应该用连词 while 来连接。

2.答案： with → of

【详细解答】be unconscious of 是固定搭配，意为“无意识地，未意识到”。即“我们之中很多人一辈子都

不知道自己的话听起来是什么样的”。

3.答案： speak 后加 it

【详细解答】 speak out 意为“大胆地说出”，在这里句意不通。在speak out中加上it，指代前面的speech，意为“当我们说出话后，自己听起来像什么”。

4.答案： firstly→ first

【详细解答】firstly 表示顺序中的“第一”，first则表示时间上的“第一次，首次”。这里是说“当我们第一

次听到自己的录音时，通常会震惊”。故应将firstly 改为 first 才合乎句意。

5.答案： which → that

【详细解答】在定语从句中，如果先行词是代词 something， everything ， nothing ， little ， few 等时，关系词

应用 that 而不是 which ，故此处应将 which 改为 that。

6.答案： went → go

【详细解答】本文通篇用的都是一般现在时，所以此处也应用一般现在时，使上下文保持时态一致。

7.答案：删除per 或 every

【详细解答】per 和 every 都是“每”的意思，在此属重复错误，故将两者去掉一个即可。

8.答案：This→ It

【详细解答】根据句子结构，句中缺少一形式主语，而作形式主语的只能是代词

不能用做形式主语，所以应将this 改为 it 。

it， this是“这”的意思，

9.答案： community 后加 together

【详细解答】hold 意为“抓住，占据，包含”。此处想表达的意思是“语言用作使社区具有凝聚力、给人

归属感的一种方式”，用 hold a community 不能表达此意；使

团结一致”的意思，符合句意。10.答案： far → away

hold sth．together 表示“使结合在一起不破，

【详细解答】要表达距离上的远近，在英语中通常用副词away。far表示“远，从（到）很远距离”，不合句意。

2001

1.答案：as → so

此处不是比较，so 2.答案： increasing 翻译为“如此”→increasingly

【详细解答】increasing 可用来修饰名词，表示“正在增加”，修饰名词

该用副词作状语修饰形容词favorite ，所以应该改用副词increasingly 。

3.答案： so→but

topic不合题意。本句中应

【详细解答】根据上下文判断，小麦价格在秋天不断下降，但是农民不能等着市场提升价格。

里应该是转折关系，而不是因果关系。

4.答案： soon 或 shortly

这

【详细解答】要表达“不久以后”，要么用

这种搭配。

5.答案： rich →richer

soon after，要么用shortly after ，就是没有soo n shortly after

【详细解答】根据上下文，这里是说由于价格上涨，投机商们变得更加富有，故应该改用形容

的比较级形式。

6.答案： asked 后加 for

词

【详细解答】 ask for 为固定搭配，意为

7.答案： involving→involved

“要求，请求”。

【详细解答】be involved in为一固定搭配，意为“被卷入?”，这里的be 为连系动词，可用become 替换。

8.答案：1ife→living

【详细解答】根据上下文，这里要表达的意思是

不能修饰costs。

9.答案：删除with

“生活费用”，应为living costs 。life则意为“生命”，

【详细解答】10.答案： total handle 为及物动词，应直接带宾语。→full

【详细解答】 total 英语中常用full authority 意为“总体的，全体的”，指一种整体的概念。而这里要表达的是

。

“全部的权威”，

2000

1.答案：删除seem后的the

【详细解答】本句中的most 为副词，不是最高级形式，故不用定冠词the。翻译为“极其”

2.答案： but →and

【详细解答】根据文章内容判断，but 后面的陈述与前文并不是相反之意，而是并列关系。

3.答案： in →to

【详细解答】 as opposed to 为固定搭配，意为“与?? 对照，与?? 相比”。

4.答案： misled →misleading

【详细解答】根据句意，这里的方式（ way）是对他人有误导，不是被他人误导。所以应该用 m islead 的现在分词表示主动的含义。

5.答案： away

【详细解答】 far away from意为“距离某处很远”，而far from being则意为“远不是，远够不上”。根据上下文，这里是说“远非毫无意义”，故应该用短语far from being 。

6.答案： single →only

【详细解答】此处用only 修饰 vehicle 比用 single 更符合习惯用法。

7.答案： as→in

in 表示“在??方面”， as 则无此意。

【详细解答】本句中的介词

8.答案： mean→means

【详细解答】 by no means 为固定搭配，意为“丝毫不，绝不”。

9.答案： have 后加 such

【详细解答】 such ? as是常见表达方式，用来举例说明。

10.答案： number 改为 deal/amount