何凯文基础写作课知识点整理
何凯文考研英语写作基础课程知识点整理
主讲：何凯文
整理：心理守夜人
一、作文构成：
（一）应用文10 分，分为书信和告示两大类，考生平均分 6 分，我们的目标是8 分。
（二）议论文20 分，分为图画作文（一般是英语1）和图表作文（一般是英语2），考生平均分8 分，我们的目标是14+分。议论文的分值包括奖励分（3 分）基准分（17 分）。奖励分要求：正确、正规、可读；基准分要求：内容、形式、语言（最重要）。
二、奖励分书写要求
（一）书写工整（很重要）
（二）标点规范
1. 句号为一点
2. 逗号不能连接两个句子
3. 不能写书名号，可用the book of+书名（首字母大写）代替
4. 引号” ”
5. 括号（）
6. 破折号—
7. 如&等标记不建议使用
（三）修改正确
1. 如需修改可使用/划掉错误的词，在正上方写上正确的词即可。
2. 如需添加，可用两单词空格下方加”佇并在上方加相加的词即可。
三、基准分
（一）内容
1. 有话说：万能角度（见2017写作高分攻略P55）,万能例子。
2. 别跑题：内容趋同，先字后图
（二）形式：分三段
（三）语言
1. 句式：正确、复杂、多变
2. 用词：正确、多样
3. 如何做到句式正确？
（1）.句子主干正确
（2）.五大基本句型：动词的用法
（3）.写作时态：现在时为主，偶尔用将来时，不主张过去时。
4. 如何做到句式复杂
(1) .力卩adj 或adv：n+adj; v+adv
(2) .加同位语：n或者句子
⑶加介词短语做状语：时间状语，地点状语
(4) .加定语从句
(5) .将两个句子写成一个句子
Note :万能状语
(1) .The spirit of creation is indispensably(二very) important in the times of knowledge explosi on, whe n the n ews,facts,op inions and eve n rumors have bee n bombardi ng us from every corner of the world.
(2) .The en vir onmen tal preservati on really matters,especially in Chi na,a n ati on with the huge populati on un dergo ing the remarkable rapid econo mic growth.
5. 如何做到句式多变
(1) .虚拟语气=观点的表达方式而不是事实
句式一：It is high time that+主语+动词过去式+ 其他
It is high time that we took effective initiatives to put the situation on hold.
句式二：It is imperative that +主语+(should)+动词+其他.意为必须做...
It is imperative that our media un dertake more research before they set
pen to paper.
It is imperative that corresponding laws and regulations be introduced and
enforced to curb and harness this urge nt problem.
句式三：虚拟条件句
If there were no sth,sb would not do sth.
If there were no reform and opening-up policy,we would not taste KFC or
McDonald' $? 如果能完整无误地拼写专有词汇比如人名、书名、商标名
等，会给阅卷老师留下好印象。)
If there were no Hope project,those childre n in remote area would not
taste the precious kno wledge.
Were there no the self-c on fide nce,the youn gster would not taste the real
happ in ess of the success.
⑵?倒装
句式一：部分倒装：是指将谓语动词的一部分如助动或情态动词置于主语之前。
否定词或only或带有否定含义的状语被置于句首，会引起句子的部分
倒装。
Only in this ways can we put the situati on on hold.
I think that...=No thi nking man would refuse to accept the idea that... 句式二：完全倒装：是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。通常只用于般现在时和过去时。
主系表倒装为表系主
On the stage sta nds a man.
In the sun shi ne sta nds a young tree.
系动词：be,exist come,go,stand,sit,run,walk,lie,swim,fly.
In the gree nhouse sta nds a delicate flower.
⑶.As引导的从句
As做代词时+定语从句
As做连词时+状语从句
As is show n above,.如上所示
As we all kno w,..众所周知
As you are old （状语从句），…当你老了
⑷.省略句
并列引起省略，省略相同的成分
状语从句的省略：
例1: When removed out of the shelter,the flower can not weather the storm.
例2：We need more drastic/dramatic measure to stop the environment moving further to the sorry state that it already has in the past three decades.
⑸.other than和rather than之类的插入语
例1:I am the best teacher.
I, rather than any else,am the best teacher.
No on e,other I,is the best teacher.
例2:否定+比较级=最高级
The problem of en vir onment is the most serious in Chi na.
The problem of en vir onment is more serious in no country other tha n Chi na.
In no country other than China,it has been said that (据说),is the problem of en vir onment more serious.
(6) .综合运用：
The educati on is very importa nt now.
The stakes involving educatio n have bee n the highest now.
The stakes involving educatio n have n ever bee n higher in any era of our n ati on tha n now.
Never/i n any era of our n ati on/ have/ the stakes involving educatio n bee n higher/ tha n now.
In no country other than China,according to a survey,is the phenomenon of
cultural excha nge more obvious.
In no doma in other tha n family educati on, accord ing to a survey,is the effect of role model more evide nt.
(四)用词如何做到多样
(1).替换very：同源修饰
in dispe nsably importa nt
Significantly important
Gracefully beautiful
⑵.a nd the like :意为等等，替换陌生词。
(3) adj转折修饰使文章更加有思辨色彩，见写作高分攻略P127。
⑷.反复取非P127。
(5)重视积累P121
⑹重复和押韵
Survival and success
In troduce and en force
Beauty and Beast
Aspire to in spire un til I expire.
四、考研英语写作逐段展开
第一段：描述图画
第二段：阐释寓意
第三段：给出评论/例子
（一）第一段的逐句展开（2~3句）
第一句：图画描述句
第二句：图画影响句（引起了关注）
第三句：图画意义句（意义很深刻）
第一句的写法：
如上所示：As is shown above用完全倒装描述中心对象的位置，用非谓语动词或定语从句描述中心对象的动作或状态，用独立主格结构描述周围事物或中心对象的某一部分。
（1）.As is show n above, on the stage sta nds a han dsome and gen tle but reas on able man ,holdi ng the microph one and givi ng the impressive lecture,with his excelle nt stude nts tak ing no tes and involving in the in teracti on positively.
（2）.As is shown above,in the sunshine stands a pretty American girl,who is in the traditional Chinese costume wearing the ea-rings and the like,with sweet smile on her delicate face.P47
Note :配图文字的处理
1.不处理
2处理
（1）?用独立主格+直接翻译
…,with a line going like this:...