什么是被动语态？

什么是被动语态？

一、主动语态与被动语态的概念：

英语动词的语态有两种：⑴主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者

⑵被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者(常常没在有必要指出动作的执行

者情况下使用)

（主动语态）

English is spoken by them. （被动语态）

主谓介词短语

注：☆及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态。

例：⑴We listen to the teacher carefully in class.

主谓宾

→The teacher is listened to by us carefully in class.

主谓介词短语

⑵Ｗe laughed at him .

→He was laughed at by us.

二、被动语态的结构与用法：

㈠结构：be +done (过去分词)

被动语态中的be为助动词，无意义。be可能是am , is , are也可能是was ,were或原形be。

注：☆被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be后面的过去分词不变。

㈡用法：

例：①History is made by the people. (一般现在时)

②Ｔhe cars were made in Tianjing in 1995. (一般过去时)

③The tree will be cut down next year.(一般将来时)

④Ｔhe room must be kept clean.（含有情态动词的被动语态）

⑤The door is being opened.（现在进行时）

⑥The film has been seen by me.（现在完成时）

注：我们初中主要掌握前面四种的用法

时态动词的被动形式例句

一般现在时is done He is asked to do this.

一般过去时was done The story was told by her mother.

一般将来时will be done The problem will be discussed tomorrow.

现在进行时is being done The novel is being written.

过去进行时was being done At that time the desk was being made.

现在完成时have/has been done The house has been built.

过去完成时had been done They said that their work had been finished.

过去将来时would be done He said the trees would be planted soon.

三、被动语态的各种句型：

１、The song is liked by young people. (肯定句)

２、The song is n’t liked by young people（否定句）

３、Is the song liked by young people ?（一般疑问句）

４、Who is the song liked by ?=By whom is the song liked?（特殊疑问句）

四、主动语态改被动语态的方法：

方法分为三步：⑴把原句中的宾语改成主语

⑵动词改为变动形式be done(同时注意时态)

⑶原来的主语如果需要的话放在介词by后面，以指明做事的人或物，如果没有必

要则省去

例：The man killed a tiger.

→A tiger was killed by the man .(改的过程中要注意时态和语态两个方面)

五、特殊句型的被动语态：

⑴含有使役动词（make /let /have）或感官动词（hear ,see, listen to ,look at ,find ,watch, feel等）的句子，在主动语态中这些词后常跟不带to的动词不定式，但是在改成被动语态时，则一定要把省去的to再加上去，另外help这一个词在主动语态中后面的动词不定式可以带to,也可不带to, 但在被动语态中也必须把to加上去。

例：①Mother often makes me do some housework.

→I am often made to do some housework by mother.

②We saw him run into the classroom.

→He was seen to run into the classroom by us.

⑵teach ,give ,pass ,show ,buy, tell等动词常常带有两个宾语（双宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语），改为

被动语态时，两个宾语可以选其中任一个作主语。如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语（一般是人）前要加相应的介词to/for。

例：①She gave me a pen.= She gave a pen to me.

→I was given a pen by her.

→A pen was given to me by her.

②My father bought me a new bike.= My father bought a new bike for me.

→I was bought a new bike by my father.

→A new bike was bought for me by my father.

⑶由不及物动词（vi）+介词/副词＋宾语的句子改成被动语态时，介词或副词不能丢掉。(前面已举

过两例)

例：①Ｗe should speak to old people politely.

→Old people should be spoken to politely ( by us).

②He took away the box..

→The box was taken away by him.

⑷含有宾语补足语的句子改为变动语态。（宾补放在原来位置不变）

例：①We call him Xiao Ma.

主谓宾宾补

→Ｈe is called Xiao Ma by us.

②He found the book very interesting.

→The book was found very interesting by him.

六、没有被动语态的动词：

1.没有被动语态的词，表示状态或特征的及物动词如cost, fit, have, suit等没有被动形式，另外，诸如happen = take place, break out(爆发)，break down(坏了) 等不及物动词或短语以及诸如result from(缘于)，belong to, consist of等只用主动语态，而不用被动语态

２不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态: appear,die ,disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, last, lie, remain, sit, spread（传播）, stand, come true, fall asleep, ...

３.大多数系动词：be ,feel (摸起来)，sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，smell(闻起来) taste（尝起来）等词无被动语态，它们的主动形式表示被动意义。

例：①Ｔhe skirt feels very soft. 这件裙子摸起来很柔软。

②Many changes have happened in our hometown.

③The film lasted for 3 hours.