Unit7 Would you mind turningdown the music 素材(人教版八年级下) (5)
Unit 3
过去进行时:
1.表示过去某一时间内（正在）进行的动作
如：I was doing my homework at 9 p.m. last Sunday.
句型
肯定句=主语(I/you/he/she/It/they/we)+was/were+doing+其它
否定句=主语(I/you/he/she/It/they/we)+was/were+not+doing+其它
一般疑问句及答语=Was/Were+主语(You/he/she/they/we)+doing+其它答语：Yes,主语was/were./No,主语wasn't. /weren’t
特殊疑问句=特殊疑问词+was/were+主语(I/you/he/she/they/we)+doing+其它
when 和while的用法区别
由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时；如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导，如：a. When the teacher came in, we were talking.
当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为：
While we were talking, the teacher came in.
b They were singing while we were dancing.
短语
Arrive at（小地点)/ in（大地点）get to / reach 到达in front of 在…前面in the front of…在。。。。里的前面cut（cut，cutting）hair 剪头发sleep late（adv.）睡懒觉be late for/arrive late for迟到。。stay up late 熬夜cook/make dinner 做晚餐get(got, getting)out of 从。。出来talk on the phone 讲电话land on 着陆在。。
take(took)off 起飞go into 进入(have a)look at看一看think about(doing)..考虑。。next to 在。。旁边see sb do sth 看见某人做某事see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事walk down/along 沿着。。走call the police 报警call at 拜访（某地）come in 进来two days ago 2天以前two days later 2天之后have an unusual experience 有一个不寻常的经历around/about 大约right 正好follow sb to do sth 跟随某人去做。。climb/go up the tree 爬树leave(left) 离开leave for 前往某地leave..for.. 离开。。去。anywhere 到处，用于否定句，疑问句中somewhere 用于肯定句中感叹句的结构：how+adj.+主+谓what+(a/an)+adj+名词+主+谓be surprised（修辞人）at (doing) sth对。。。感到惊讶be surprised to do sth 对做。。感到惊讶。amazing 修辞物amazed修辞人be amazed at/by sth/对。。感到吃惊be amazed to do sth 对做。。感到吃惊be scared/afraid （修辞人）of sb/sth 对。。感到害怕be scared to do sth 对做。。感到害怕shout at（因生气。愤怒有感情色彩）大喊shout to (因距离远)大叫jump down跳下。。jump on/onto 跳上run(ran, running)away 逃跑，跑掉be crowded 拥挤的in the tree 本身生长在树上的物品on the tree 不属于树的物品在树上another dog 另一只狗another 有一个，再一个，后接名词单数；another+ 基数词+名词复数finally/at last/in the end 最后outside the station 在车站外面 a car accident 车祸sth happens to sb 某事发生在某人身上happen to do sth 碰巧get out of bed 起床at the doctor’s在诊所in hospital 住院in the hospital 在医院over/more than超出it is +adj.+to do.. 做。。是。。one of+ 可数名词
的复数，谓语动为单数on具体到某天have fun doing sth 玩。。。非常开心hear sb do sth听见某人做某事in silence在沉默中hear sb doing sth 听见某人正在做某事hear of/about sb/sth 听说。。have meaning to 对。。。有意义hear from收到。。。的来信be killed 被杀被动语态：be+v。的过去分词+by.. stop to do sth停下来去做某事stop doing sth 停止做某事take place（有计划）发生as+adj./adv.原形as 与。。一样walk on the moom 登上月球for the first time 第一次in space在太空中 a national hero(es) 一个民族英雄all over the world 全世界Take turns to do sth 轮流做某事in history 在历史上on rainy days 在下雨天as soon as 一。。就。。。主句是将来时。从句为一般现在时be strict in 对某事严格be strict with sb 对某人严格。
unit 4
1）陈述句。用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that
2直接引语为特殊疑问句，改成间接引语时，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask（sb.）来表达，语序改为陈述句语序
直接引语变间接引语：
I am very glad to visit your school”, she said. ——>
She said she was very glad to visit our school.
Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music.” ——>
Tom said that they were listening to the pop music.
He asked:” why don’t you come for the meeting?”------〉
He asked me that why you didn’t come for the meeting.
1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如：
H e always says, “I am tired out.” ——>He always says that he is tired out.
2）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如：
He will say, “I’ll try my best to help you.” ——>He will say that he will try his best to help me. 3）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如：
He said, “I went to college in 1994.” ——>He told us that he went to college in 1994.
4）当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如：
He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school.” —
He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school.〉
5）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如：
Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” ——>
Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
6）当引语是谚语、格言时，如：
He said，“Practice makes perfect.” ——>He said that practice makes perfect.
7）当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时
He said, “She must be a teacher.”——> He said that she must be a teacher.
She said. "He will go to see his friend。"→She said he would go to see his friend。
短语
Watch soap operas 看连续剧have a surprise party for sb 为某人举办惊喜派对
on Friday night 在星期五晚上be mad at/be angry with 对。。生气not…anymore (no…more)不再。。bring..to.。here）.带来take…to…(there) 带去。。hope to do sth/wish sb to do sth 希望做某事first of all 首先Pass on sth 传递…(sth为代词时，必须放于其中间) pass on sth to sb 传递某物给某人take a message for sb 给某人捎信儿leave a message to sb 给某人留信儿work on 从事be supposed to(shoud) do sth 应该做某事give one’s answer to sb 把某人的答复给.. be good at doing)sth 擅长做某事do well in (doing) sth 在某方面表现好be sorry to hear that 听到这个消息感到很难过be well（adj.）身体健康be in good health 身体健康keep healthy/in health 保持健康finish doing sth 完成做某事finish end-of-year exams 完成年终考试get a report card 收到一张成绩单luck(n.)运气——lucky（adj.）幸运的------luckily(adv.)幸运地feel /be lucky 感到/是幸运的get/be nervous 变得紧张have a really hard time with 在。。方面比较吃力Find it +adj.+to do sth 发现做某事…another disappointing result 另外令人失望的结果(人)be disappointed in 对某人失望be disappointed at(doing)sth/to do sth 对某事失望/对做某事失望send one’s love (to sb)像某人问好could do better（well）能够做得更好I was hard-working/I work hard 我是勤奋的/我学习努力have a big fight 大吵一架The good news (is) 好消息（是）all the news 所以的消息for now 暂时copy one’s homework 抄袭某人作业start a bad habit 养成一个坏习惯get over 克服need to do sth 需要做某事Be sure (to do sth) 确定（做某事）do one’s own work 自己完成作业watching TV is ….V.ing作主语.谓语动词用单数open the book and listen to me 祈使句，动词原形往前走，否定DON’Y往前加。Sound like +n. 听起来像…graduate(s) (n.)毕业生们graduate(v) from…毕业于… change one’s life 改变某人的生活send sb to do sth 派某人去做某事send …to 将…送到/寄到…..at first 首先make sb do sth 使某人做某事make sb adj. 使某人。。。agree with sb(宾格)/what sb（主格）said 同意某人/同意某人所说make a decision 做一个决定both…and…/both of….两者都。。。between…and…在..和…之间there is no difference 没有不同feel sick 感觉不舒服sick people 生病的人be like 像。。/是…样子be able to 能够open up one’s eyes 开拓某人的视野give sb a good start 给某人一个好的开端have a good influence on Sb/sth 给。。一个好的影响after(介词)+doing Finish (doing) sth 完成（做）某事care for 照顾，关心in danger 处于危险中enjoy (doing) sth 喜欢（做）某事brothers and sisters 兄弟姐们in the city of Jingzhou 荆州的一个城市
Unit 5
If条件状语从句，表示主句动作发生的条件。由If引导的条件状语从句，可以在主句之前，也可以在主句之后。当在前时，和主句用逗号隔开。
如：if you ask him, he will help you---------He will help you if you ask him.
在条件状语从句中注意主从句事态呼应。主句用现在时，从句也用现在时。主句用过去时，从句也用过去的某种事态。
注意主句为将来时，（包括祈使句和含有情态动词的陈述句时）从句用一般现在时表将来。
如：If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go to the zoo.
Call me if anything happens.
If you don’t have ID card, you can’t go to the party.
短语
Have a great time/have fun/enjoy oneself 玩的开心wear jeans 穿牛仔裤let sb in=let sb come in 让某人进来let sb do sth study for a test 复习备考half the class/half of the students 一半的学生what will happen if…?如果…将发生什么? (人)be bored 是厌烦的…it is a good time to do sth 是做…的最佳时间take away sth(代词需放于其中间) 拿走ask sb (not) to do sth 叫某人(不要)做某事
So +主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词的确如此make a lot of money 赚很多的钱So +be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语….也是. Clean up 打扫清洁
Why not +动词原形（Why don’t +主语+动词原形）为什么不？
What/how about doing…? …怎么样？Shall we do…? Go to college 上大学travel all over/around the world 环游世界get an education 受到教育be famous as 后一般跟人，表“做为......人而闻名”be famous for 后一般跟事物,表“因/由于......而闻名”be famous to 后一般跟人，表“对......是熟悉的”，“为......所熟知的” seem like +n. 似乎是… make a living(by)doing sth 以…谋生have a chance to do sth 有机会做某事all the time 一直地follow sb everywhere 到处跟着…make life difficult 使生活困难be dangerous 是危险的be/get injured 受伤have a difficult time doing sth /have difficulty (in) doing sth 在做…是有困难have +n.+(in) doing spend time with sb 花费时间做某事spend on sth/(in) doing sth 花费…在…上/做某事laugh at 嘲笑go back home 返回家How to get to…如何去…疑问词+to do in class 在课堂上in fact 事实上
Unit 6
现在完成进行时：
结构：肯定句：主语+have(has)been +doing＋其他
否定句：主语+have(has) not been +doing +其他
一般疑问句：Have/has +主语+been +doing +其他
回答：Yes, 主语+have/has. No,主语+ haven’t/hasn’t
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？
注意：如果特殊疑问词在句中做主语或修辞主语时,句中的主语和谓语应按自然语序排列.
如: Who has been teaching you English since you came to this school?
基本用法：
表示从过去的某时间开始一直延续到说话时还在进行，而且可能还要持续下去的动作。它通常和for+一段时间或since+时间点这样的时间状语连用。
We have been studying here since 2007/ for 2 years.
短语：
How long….? For + 一段时间 a pair of shoes 一双鞋子two pairs of shoes
两双鞋子talk to/with 同…交谈raise money for…. 为…筹款every +n.单数each +n.单数/ each of.. several +n.复数the first one to do sth 第一个做…the whole five hours 整整5个小时
All the +n. / the whole +n.单数
(1) all the money/ all the time/ all the country/all the students/ all my life/ all my books
(2) a whole roast duck/ the whole class/the whole city/the whole nation/my whole life
一般来讲，whole 不能修饰复数可数名词，但是若复数可数名词前有具体的数量词时，则可以用whole three whole days / all three days all与whole都可以用来修饰专有名词，但是用whole修饰专有名词时，一定要带of 。the whole of China/ all China
Start doing sth 开始做…when I was…./at the age of…在…几岁时…three and a half years/three years and a half 三年半would like to do sth 想做…thanks for (doing) sth 为（做）..而感谢send sb sth/sth to sb 送某人某物run out of 某人用光了…. (物) run out 用光了on my seventh birthday 在我7岁生日名词+with+名词带有/附有anyone else 其他什么人else修辞不定代词或疑问代词须放于其后anyone 作主语，谓语动词为单数collectors’ club 收藏者俱乐部the most common hobby 最常见的爱好be interested in 对…感兴趣
My hobby is collecting/to collect stamps 我的爱好是收集邮票in English 用英语think of 想起，想到，对…的看法the capital of …的省会/首都be in …style 具有…的风格it is +adj. for sb to do sth 对某人而言，做某事很….For a foreigner like me 对于像我一样的外国人the +比较级…..the +比较级…越….越……. Far (away) from 离….很远be certain of sth/ to do sth 确信某事/做某事
Unit 7
Would you mind one’s/sb (not) doing sth 你是否介意某人（不要）做…..
回答”不介意” No, not at all/ certainly not/ of course not. /I don’t mind.
介意I’m sorry, but I do ./ I do mind. / you’d better not.
Would you mind doing可互换成do you mind if +从句..
Could you please (not) do sth ? 请你做….好吗? Yes, I can / No, I can’t
短语：
Turn on / off / up / down 打开/关掉/调高/关小turn down the music 把音乐关小
Play baseball 打棒球（球类前不加任何冠词）right away/ at once /in a minute 立刻，马上Do /wash the dishes 洗碗put on 穿上be long 太久，太长时间
Look terrible(adj.) 看起来很糟糕another pair 另外一条at a meeting 在开会
Go shopping 去购物need (to do )sth 需要（做）… finish these tasks 完成这些任务have to do sth 必须做某事help sb (to) do sth / with sth 帮助某人某事no problem 没问题give sb sth/ sth to sb 给某人某物wait in line 排队have a long telephone conversation 长时间讲电话follow me around 跟随我左右go back to the store again 不再去那家店be/get annoyed 变得恼火be polite 有礼貌的do the same thing 做同样的事情（same与the 连用）perhaps/maybe 可能（一般用于句首）try (not) to do sth 尽力（不要）做某事try one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大的努力做某事try doing sth 尝试做某事cut in line 插队the way to…去…的路Be excited to do sth 做…很激动/兴奋be useful to do 有利于/有益于for example 例如feel uncomfortable(adj.) 感到不舒服talk loudly 大声说话is not allowed 不被允许be impolite 不礼貌的even if 即使…
It is better to do / it is +adj.+ to do…. 做…是更好的in public places 在公共场所take care （not）to do sth 小心(不要)做某事put out 熄灭break the rules 违反规定give some suggestions 给一些建议the most polite ways is to …最礼貌的方式是（动词不定式做表语）be criticized 受到/被批评be careful with sth / doing sth 对某事要小心/ 做某事小心drop litter 乱扔垃圾see sb doing sth 看
见某人正在做某事pick up 捡起来