《美国文学选读》(第3版)本杰明

第1单元本杰明?富兰克林

1.1复习笔记

I.Introduction to author（作者简介）

Benjamin Franklin(1706—1790)was a rare genius in human history.He became everything:a printer,postmaster,almanac maker,essayist,scientist, inventor,orator,statesman,philosopher,political economist,ambassador,—“Jack of all trades.”

本杰明·富兰克林(1706—1790)是人类历史上少有的天才。他是出版家、邮政总长、历书作者、散文家、科学家、发明家、演说家、政治家、哲学家、政治经济学家、大使等等。

1.Life（生平）

He was born into a poor family.He was a voracious reader.At16he published essays under the pseudonym Silence Dogood.At17he ran away to Philadelphia to make his own fortune.He became a printer.He helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital,an academy which led to the University of Pennsylvania,and the American Philosophical Society.He was a preeminent scientist of his day.He signed the Declaration of Independence.He was one of the makers of the new nation.

富兰克林出生于一个贫穷的家庭。他非常勤奋好学。16岁时开始以笔名“静行善”发表评论文章。17岁时只身逃往费城谋生。后成为出版商。他帮助建立了宾夕法尼亚大学的前身——宾夕法尼亚医学院和北美哲学学会。他也是当时著名的科学家。他签署过《独立

宣言》。他是美国的缔造者之一。

2.Major works（主要作品）

Poor Richard’s Almanac(1732)《穷理查历书》（或译《格言历书》）

The Autobiography(1771—1790)《自传》

Ⅱ.Selected works（选读作品）

◆The Autobiography《自传》

1.Main content（主要内容）

It depicted the background of Benjamin Franklin,including his studying in his young age and his experiences of work.And his achievement in politics,science and economy were also mentioned in this book.

There are four parts in this book.The first part is the experiences of his first25 years of his life.The second part,written in Paris,is the accomplishments on science and the cause of public affairs.The third and fourth part,written in Philadelphia,is the record of his life from25to51-year-old.

这本书主要记叙了本杰明的成长经历，包括年少时的读书及工作经历。书中也讲述了他在政治、科学及经济领域取得的成就。

本书共有四部分。第一部分讲述了他一生前25年的经历。第二部分写于巴黎，侧重描写在科学上的成就及他所从事的公共事业。第三、四两部分写于费城，先后记叙了他从25岁至51岁的生活。

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e017837365.html,ments（赏析）

(1)The Autobiography was probably the first of its kind in literature.It is the simple yet immensely fascinating record of a man rising to wealth and fame from a state of poverty and obscurity into which he was born,the faithful account of the colorful career of America’s first self-made man.He represented in America all its ideas,that man is basically good and free by nature,endowed by God with certain inalienable rights of liberty and the pursuit of happiness.Through telling a success story of self-reliance,the book celebrates the fulfillment of the American dream.

(2)The Autobiography is also an eloquent elucidation of the fact that Franklin was spokesman for the new order of eighteenth-century enlightenment.It is also a Puritan document.It is a record of self-examination and self-improvement.The book is also a convincing illustration of the Puritan ethic that,in order to get on in the world,one has to be industrial,frugal and prudent.

(3)The style of The Autobiography reveals that it is the pattern of Puritan simplicity,directness and concision.

（1）《自传》是自传体文学中的上乘佳作。它简明而极其引人入胜地叙述了富兰克林由穷苦卑微而跃至富有、闻名的故事。它忠实地记录了美国第一位自力更生者光辉灿烂的职业生涯。他代表着在美国，人的本质是善良自由的，拥有上帝赋予的不可剥夺的自由及追求幸福的权利。该书通过讲述自力更生而获取成功的故事，歌颂了美国梦的实现。

（2）《自传》充分说明了富兰克林是18世纪美国启蒙运动的代言人。这也是一本清教文献。它记录了清教徒的自我反省和自我完善。它也是清教道德原则的最好说明，为了取得成功，人必须勤劳、简朴、谨慎。

（3）《自传》的文体体现出清教徒朴素、直爽、简洁的风格。

1.2课后习题详解

1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography?

Key:Because when he was young,he has“never had a pleasure in obtaining any anecdotes”of his ancestors,and he held that it was a great pity because he was curious about them.So,he thought that his son would also want to know the story of him and he himself also had responsibility to share it with his son.In addition,he thought that his experiences and success would give some useful advice to his son.With such consideration in mind,Franklin wrote his autobiography.

2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed?

Key:The altercation between Franklin and his brother made him decide to leave. His brother considered himself as Franklin’s master and treated him harshly and tyrannically.This kind of treatment annoyed Franklin,so he decided to leave.

3.How did he arrive in Philadelphia?

Key:He arrived in Philadelphia with great difficulties.At the very start,he set out in a boat for Amboy,and in crossing the bay he,along with his companions,met

with a squall that tore the rotten sails to pieces and drove him upon Long Island. On approaching the island,they had to drop anchor and swim out their cable towards the shore,etc.In a word,he went through many hardships on the way to Philadelphia.

4.What features do you find in the style of the above selection?

Key:This selection is written in the form of letters to his son.By this way,it can show the author’s honesty and frankness,which will make the reader stand close to him and actually feel and understand his emotions and experiences.Another feature is that this biography has a good narrative and reads like a story,which can arouse the readers’reading interest and curiosity.

1.3考研真题与典型题详解

I.Fill in the blanks.

1.If we say Jonathan Edwards represents the upper levels of the American mind, _____represents the lower levels.

【答案】Benjamin Franklin

【解析】美国文学评论家范·威克·布鲁克斯（Van Wyck Brooks）在《美国的成年》(America’s Coming Age)中指出乔纳森·爱德华兹和本杰明·富兰克林是美国18世纪的两位重要的哲学家，他们是不同阶层思想的代表。

2.In his autobiography,_____creates the image of a self-made man and demonstrates his belief that the new world of America was a land of_____which might be met through hard work and wise management.（天津外国语2011研）【答案】Benjamin Franklin;opportunities

【解析】富兰克林是美国启蒙时期与独立战争时期的代表人物。他的《自传》是美国第一部成功的传记体作品，文中树立的主人公形象激励了一代又一代的美国人去追求美国梦。

3.Franklin’s claim to a place in literature rests chiefly on his_____and_____.

【答案】Poor Richard’s Almanac;The Autobiography

【解析】富兰克林在文学上的取得的地位主要在于他的《穷理查历书》和《自传》。

4.Benjamin Franklin’s best writing is found in his masterpiece_____.

【答案】The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin

【解析】本杰明·富兰克林文学上最大的成就体现在他的作品《本杰明·富兰克林自传》上。该书以平易的文风叙述了富兰克林艰苦创业、自学成才、坚持不懈的奋斗历程。

5.Franklin was the epitome of the_____,the versatile,practical embodiment of rational man in the18th century.

【答案】Enlightenment

【解析】富兰克林是启蒙思想的缩影，是18世纪理性的代表。

Ⅱ.Multiple Choice

新视野视听说第三版第4册答案 Unit1 Sharing Task3 b c f d c a Task4 24 Task5 1.(1)anti-social 2.(1)appreciate 3.(1)tolerant 4.impress (2)aware of (2)attidude (2)come to an end(3)walk away Listening Task2activity2 Lark:Speaker 1 Owl:Speaker2 Speaker 6 Speaker3 Speaker4Speaker5Speaker7 Task2activity3 1.peaceful 2.beautiful 3.lovely part 4.party 5.with a passion https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e017837365.html,st second

7.walking their dogs 8.with a bounce 9.away 10. the best part of the day 11. thinking straight 12. at my sharpest 13. we had children 14. in the mornings 15. in the evenings Viewing Task2activity2 24 Role-playing Task1activity2 g a f h b d c e More practice in listening short conversations1 D A B C C long conversations C B D A Passages:Passage1 A C D C Passages:Passage2 1.distressing 2.desperate 3.urge 4.acquire

一、选择 1.多媒体计算机中的媒体信息是指( ) 。 ⑴数字、文字⑵声音、图形⑶动画、视频⑷图像 A ⑴ B ⑵ C ⑶ D 全部 2.多媒体技术的主要特性有( )。 （1）多样性（2）集成性（3）交互性（4）可扩充性 A （1） B （1）、（2） C （1）、（2）、（3） D 全部 3.目前音频卡具备以下哪些功能（）。 ⑴录制和回放数字音频文件⑵混音⑶语音特征识别⑷实时解／压缩数字音频文件 A ⑴⑶⑷ B ⑴⑵⑷ C ⑵⑶⑷ D 全部 4.在多媒体计算机中常用的图像输入设备是（）。 （1）数码照相机（2）彩色扫描仪（3）视频信号数字化仪（4）彩色摄像机 A （1） B （1）（2） C （1）（2）（3） D 全部 5.国际标准MPEG-Ⅱ采用了分层的编码体系，提供了四种技术,它们是（）。 A 空间可扩展性；信噪比可扩充性；框架技术；等级技术。

B 时间可扩充性；空间可扩展性；硬件扩展技术；软件扩展技术。 C 数据分块技术；空间可扩展性；信噪比可扩充性；框架技术。 D 空间可扩展性；时间可扩充性；信噪比可扩充性；数据分块技术。 6.视频卡的种类很多，主要包括（）。（1）视频捕获卡（2）电影卡（3）电视卡（4）视频转换卡 A （1） B （1）（2） C （1）（2）（3） D 全部 7.以PAL制25帧/秒为例，已知一帧彩色静态图像(RGB)的分辨率为256′256，每一种颜色用16bit表示，则该视频每秒钟的数据量为（）。 A 256′256 ′3 ′16′25 bps B 512′512 ′3′8′25 bps C 256′256 ′3′8′25 bps D 512 ′512′3′16′25 bps 8.全电视信号主要由（）组成。 A 图像信号、同步信号、消隐信号。 B 图像信号、亮度信号、色度信号。 C 图像信号、复合同步信号、复合消隐信号。 D 图像信号、复合同步信号、复合色度信号。 9.在视频信号实时处理技术中，如果电视扫描的正程时间为52.2ms，分辨率为512′512 ，实时意味着处理每个像素的时间近似为（）。 A 0.1ms B 0.2ms C 0.8ms D 0.4ms 10.下列哪种说法是正确的（）。 A 信息量等于数据量与冗余量之和。

Unit 3 Social Problems In-class Reading Passage 课内阅读练习答案 Part One Preparation 1. Describing the Pictures Picture A：A couple is dining at a restaurant. Both of them are smoking. But they call and complain to the waiter, saying that those sitting at the other tables are coughing too much and that bothers them. However, they have not realized that actually it is their smoking that has caused those people to cough. I have seen many people who behave like this couple. They never take other people’s interest into consideration. They are selfish and always ready to find fault with others. They never see their own wrong doings but always make a false counter-charge. They are despised by most other people. Picture B: In this picture I see a strange beggar. While most beggars beg for food or drinks, this guy begs for money in order to buy wines. He wants to try all the 596,704 wines existing in this world. He said he already tasted 38,279 wines out of that number. Suppose he tries one kind of wine one day, it would have taken him more than 100 years to come so far. He is really an ambitious man. However, if he has the ambition to try all the existing wines, he should work hard and make money himself instead of begging for other people’s money to enjoy what life can offer. There are some people like this beggar these days. They want to enjoy life, but not based on their own hard work or effort. They want a free lunch and many of them live on borrowed money. I don’t think this is a good attitude towards life. Everyone should work hard to make a good living. Picture C: I see a court with a judge, a defendant and probably a lawyer in the picture. What is strange about this picture is that I find a tip pot, which is usually placed in a restaurant for waiters or waitress. They get tips for their excellent services to their customers. Waiters or waitresses who get generous tips will provide even better service to customers. However, a court is a place for people to seek justice and fairness. It punishes the guilty and releases the innocent. If judges start to take tips, I doubt that there will be any more justice. People will no longer be treated equally and truth will not be valued. Judgment will not be made based on facts, but on how big the tip is. What an evil place! Picture D: In this picture I see two men behind bars. One is telling his fellow prisoner that he did not commit the crimes that he had been accused of committing. His mistake was that he stole the identity of a guy who had committed those crimes. The police took him for that guy and put him in jail. They actually got the wrong person. And he was innocent. Was he really innocent? I don’t think so. He was a thief, and he was not innocent at all. However, he received a heavier punishment than he deserved. So that was an irony. The guy stole another person’s identity and in a sense he inherited his crimes as well. So never take other people’s stuff, whatever it is. No one can escape

《多媒体技术教程（第三版）》习题解答第1章绪论 1．多媒体信息系统和多媒体计算机有什么不同？在概念上应如何看待两者之间的关系？ 多媒体信息系统是新一代高度集成的、功能强大的、智能化的计算机信息系统，它是提供多媒体信息、辅助人们对环境进行控制和决策的系统，是基于计算机、通信网络等现代化的工具和手段，服务于管理领域的信息处理系统。而多媒体计算机指的是硬件设施，多媒体计算机是多媒体信息系统得以应用的平台。 2．试归纳叙述多媒体关键特性以及这些特性之间的关系。 多媒体的关键特性主要包括信息载体的多样性、交互性和集成性这三个方面，这既是多媒体的主要特征，也是在多媒体研究中必须解决的主要问题。 信息载体的多样性是相对于计算机而言的，指的就是信息媒体的多样化，有人称之为信息多维化；多媒体的第二个关键特性是交互性，多媒体系统将向用户提供交互式使用、加工和控制信息的手段，为应用开辟更加广阔的领域，也为用户提供更加自然的信息存取手段；多媒体的集成性主要表现在两个方面，一是多媒体信息媒体的集成，二是处理这些媒体的设备与设施的集成。 信息载体的多样性是集成性的基础，没有多种信息媒体，也就无法进行多媒体信息的集成化处理；而处理多媒体的设备与设施的集成性是实现交互性的前提，没有系统、网络、软硬件设施的集成，就无法为用户交互式使用、加工和控制信息提供平台。 3．为什么说多媒体缩短了人类信息交流的路径？人类与计算机进行信息交流的目的是什么？ 与以往的方法相比，计算机在数据处理方面有了很大的改善。计算机所提供的功能强大的数据组织和构造技术，如传统数据结构中的数组、向量、队列、堆栈、树和堆等，为动态地加工和处理数据提供了基础。高效的算法和高速的网络通信，大大地加强了用文字和数据表示概念的能力并加速了它的传递过程。但人类并不是仅仅依赖文本这一类单一的数据形式来传递所有的信息和接受概念的，图像、声音等多媒体信息都是人类获取和传递信息极为重要的渠道。图像的信息量最大，一幅画胜过千言万语，最直观、最能一目了然。而动态的影像视频和动画则更生动、更逼真、更接近客观世界的原型、更能反映事物的本质和内涵。声音和文字也是信息的重要媒体，综合应用不仅有利于接受，也有利于存储（记忆）和保留。这就意味着必须同时启动大脑的形象思维和逻辑思维，才能更好地获得更多更有用的信息。因此，通过多种感觉器官用多种信息媒体形式向人提供信息才算是更好的表达方法，它不仅加速和改善了理解，并且提高了信息接受的兴趣和注意力。多媒体正是利用各种信息媒体形式，集成地用声、图、文等来承载信息，也就是缩短信息传递的路径。 人类与计算机进行信息交流的目的是为了高效的获取、传递以及使用信息。计算机的发展使得人类的信息处理手段得到加强，高速的计算能力扩展了对数据进行重复计算的能力，大规模的存储扩展了记忆信息的范围，高速通信网使得我们可以同远在异地他乡的同事、朋友、亲人甚至陌生人进行快速的信息交换。这些机器成为我们与他人进行交流的中介。 4．有人说，在未来信息系统中计算机和电视将合为一体，这意味着产生了新一代的信息系统，是革命性的转变，而不仅仅是某种设备功能的增强。你的看法呢？ 1 计算机和电视合为一体，是多媒体信息系统应用的一个实例，将提高家庭自动化程度，而并页1第页15共． 不是意味着新一代信息系统的产生。通过这种方式，将改变人们长久依赖被动接收信息的情况。将交互式手段融入到人们的日常生活中。交互可以增加对信息的注意力和理解力，延长信息在头脑中保留的时间。而在单向的信息空间中，这种接收的效果和作用就很差。借助于交互活动，人们可以获得所关心的内容，获取更多的信息；用户也可以找出想看的电视节目，可以快速跳过不感兴趣的部分，可以对某些所关心的内容进行编排等，从而改变现在观看电视节目的方法。

[新视野大学英语视听说教程3第三版答案全]新视野大学英语视听说教程3（第三版）答案 问题补充：如上 网友答案： Uint1 II. Basic Listening Practice Keys: 1.C 2.D 3. A 4.B 5.C III. Listening In Task 2: You forget my toast! Keys: FTFFF Task3: Memory-Improving Techniques Kes: 1A 2.C3. D 4.B 5.D VI. Further Listening and Speaking

Task1: The Role Memory Plays in Our Life Keys: 1.A 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.C Task 2: Where did the professor go? This is a true story, while happened to friends of ours in a small town in South Africa. They were a hospitable couple who often entertained their neighbors for drinks, tea or dinner. On this particular spring night, they have invited a retired professor to super. During the evening, it began to pour with rain, and the heavens really opened. Because he had walked there, they offered to put him up for the night. They pointed out that by staying overnight, he did not need to go to out in the bad weather. He agreed on the soundness of that idea, thanked his hosts profusely, and the matter seemed to be settled. But while they were washing the dishes after supper, the forgetful professor disappeared. No one could find him anywhere. Eventually, after40 minutes, the front door bell rang. There was the professor, soaked to the skin. When he was asked what on earth he has been dong in the rain, he replied that because

多媒体技术基础与应用的课后答案 第一章：多媒体技术概论 1 什么是多媒体？按照ITU 的定义，媒体是如何分类的？信息的表现形式多种多样，这些表现形式就称为媒体。媒体的分类：感觉媒体，表示媒体，显示媒体，储存媒体，传输媒体。 2 有关多媒体的定义有哪几种？应如何理解？多媒体就是各种感觉媒体的组合，也就是声音，图像，图形，动画，文字，数据，文件等各种媒体的组合。 定义1：多媒体技术就是计算机交互式综合处理多种媒体信息--- 文本图形，图像和声音，使多种信息建立逻辑连接，集成为一个系统并具有交互性 定义2：多媒体就是数值，文字，图形等由计算机处理的信息中，使静止图像，语言，影像等时间序列信息相互关联，同步处理的技术。 定义3：多媒体系统的特征是：用计算机对一些独立的信息进行一体化的制作，处理，表现，储存和通信，这些信息必须至少通过一种连续（时间有关）媒体和一种离散（时间无关）媒体进行编码。 3 多媒体有哪些关键特性? 交互性，多样性，集成性，同步性。 4 信息载体革命的3 个重要里程碑是如何划分的? 文字的出现是人类历史上第一次划时代的信息载体革命。印刷术的发明是继承文字出现之后的第二次信息载体革命。科学是研究者通常把电信业的出现视为人类历史上第三次信息（载体）革命。 5 多媒体应用领域主要包括哪些方面？娱乐，教育与培训，多媒体办公系统，多媒体在通信系统中的应用，多媒体在工业领域和科学计算中的应用，多媒体在医疗中的应用，各种咨询服务与广告宣传系统，电子出版物。 6 多媒体数据具有哪些特征？数据量大，数据长度不定，多数据流，数据流的连续记载和检索。 7 简述多媒体所涉及的关键技术？数据储存技术，多媒体数据压缩编码与解码技术，虚拟现实技术，多媒体数据库技术，多媒体网络与通信技术，智能多媒体技术，多媒体信息检索。 第三章：多媒体光盘储存系统 1相对于其他储存介质而言，光盘储存具有哪些特点？记录密度高，储存容量大，采

新编大学英语综合教程3 第三版课后答案 Reading Comprehension 1. Understanding the Organization of the Text 1) Introduction: (para.1) Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. 2) Reasons why shyness can have a negative effect: (para.2—3) People’s self-concept has a profound effect on all areas of their lives. People with high self-esteem usually act with confidence. People with low self-esteem are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. 3) Ways of overcoming shyness: (para.4—15) i) Recognize your personal strengths and weaknesses. ii) Set reasonable goals. iii) Don’t waste time and energy on destructive feelings such as guilt and shame. iv) Don’t be afraid to speak up and give your point of view. v) Do not make negative comments about yourself. vi) Accept criticism thoughtfully. vii) Profit from failures and disappointments by viewing them as learning experiences. viii) Do not associate with people who make you feel inadequate. ix) Set aside time to relax, enjoy hobbies, and reevaluate your goals regularly. x) Practice being in social situations. 4) Conclusion: (para.16) The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential. 2. Understanding Specific Information 1) F 2) T 3) T 4) T 5) F 6) T 7) F 8) F 3. Group Discussion 1) I think the most effective ways of overcoming shyness are the first and seventh ways. Recognizing our personal strengths and weaknesses is useful because if we know ourselves better, we can feel more self-confident. We can be more objective, instead of being blind. The seventh way is to profit from failures and disappointments as learning experiences. If we allow ourselves to get discouraged and sad when we fail, then we will feel more unsure of ourselves. But if we think of a failure as a learning experience, we are adopting a positive attitude. By analyzing objectively why we failed and planning how to set about doing things differently we will be more likely to succeed next time. 2) Modesty is used to describe a reserved appraisal of one’s merits, abilities or success. The opposite of modesty is arrogance or boastfulness. Modest people don’t want to talk about their

多媒体技术基础与应用试题(一) 一、选择 1.多媒体计算机中的媒体信息是指( ) 。 ⑴数字、文字⑵声音、图形⑶动画、视频⑷图像 A ⑴ B ⑵ C ⑶ D 全部 2.多媒体技术的主要特性有( )。 （1）多样性（2）集成性（3）交互性（4）可扩充性 A （1） B （1）、（2） C （1）、（2）、（3） D 全部 3.目前音频卡具备以下哪些功能（）。 ⑴录制和回放数字音频文件⑵混音⑶语音特征识别⑷实时解／压缩数字音频文件 A ⑴⑶⑷ B ⑴⑵⑷

C ⑵⑶⑷ D 全部 4.在多媒体计算机中常用的图像输入设备是（）。 （1）数码照相机（2）彩色扫描仪（3）视频信号数字化仪（4）彩色摄像机 A （1） B （1）（2） C （1）（2）（3） D 全部 5.国际标准MPEG-Ⅱ采用了分层的编码体系，提供了四种技术,它们是（）。 A 空间可扩展性；信噪比可扩充性；框架技术；等级技术。 B 时间可扩充性；空间可扩展性；硬件扩展技术；软件扩展技术。 C 数据分块技术；空间可扩展性；信噪比可扩充性；框架技术。 D 空间可扩展性；时间可扩充性；信噪比可扩充性；数据分块技术。 6.视频卡的种类很多，主要包括（）。（1）视频捕获卡（2）电影卡（3）电视卡（4）视频转换卡 A （1） B （1）（2） C （1）（2）（3）

D 全部 7.以PAL制25帧/秒为例，已知一帧彩色静态图像(RGB)的分辨率为256′256，每一种颜色用16bit表示，则该视频每秒钟的数据量为（）。 A 256′256 ′3 ′16′25 bps B 512′512 ′3′8′25 bps C 256′256 ′3′8′25 bps D 512 ′512′3′16′25 bps 8.全电视信号主要由（）组成。 A 图像信号、同步信号、消隐信号。 B 图像信号、亮度信号、色度信号。 C 图像信号、复合同步信号、复合消隐信号。 D 图像信号、复合同步信号、复合色度信号。 9.在视频信号实时处理技术中，如果电视扫描的正程时间为52.2ms，分辨率为512′512 ，实时意味着处理每个像素的时间近似为（）。 A 0.1ms B 0.2ms C 0.8ms

新视野大学英语(第三版)视听说3 答案 Unit 1 Sharing Task 2 (1)daredevil (2)bungee jumping (3)cup of tea (4)feel good (5)achievement Task 3 c-d-e-b-a Task 4 1, 2, 4 Task 5 BCBCB Task 6 1.(1) started off (2) a huge business empire 2.(1) teacher (2) taught me so much about life 3.(1) imprisoned (2) survived (3) impressed (4) ability or the skills Listening Task 2 Activity 1 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11 Viewing Task 2 Activity 1 3 Activity 2 e-g-c-b-f-a-d

Activity 3 1.90 minutes 2.true landmark 3.(1) 10 times (2) focus 4.make this challenge 5.seven miles 6.(1) four months (2) outstanding achievement Role-play Task 1 Activity 1 B Activity 3 1. Like I said 2. having said that 3. That's what I was saying Presenting Task 1 Activity 2 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11 Conversations Short BCADC Long BAAC Passage Task 1 DCAB Task 2 (1)believe in (2)circumstances (3)searching for (4) a strong sense of

多媒体技术基础及应用期末复习指导（本科） 多媒体技术基础及应用是中央电大计算机科学与技术专业的限定性选修课程。4学分，开设一学期。该课程使用的教材为《多媒体技术基础及应用》和《多媒体技术基础及应用——辅导与实验》，钟玉琢、冼伟铨、沈洪编著，清华大学出版社出版。 本课程综合讲述了多媒体计算机的基本原理、关键技术及其开发和应用。要求学生掌握的主要内容有：多媒体计算机的定义及其关键技术；视频音频信息的获取与处理；多媒体数据压缩编码技术；多媒体计算机硬件及软件系统结构、超文本和超媒体、多媒体计算机的应用技术。通过学习这些内容，为今后开展多媒体领域的研究和开发工作打下良好的基础。 为了电大的同学更好地复习和掌握这门课程的知识，下面按照教案大纲要求，对各章的复习要点进行归纳总结，并给出相应的练习题及解答，供大家复习时参考。 一、复习的主要内容 第一章多媒体计算机概述 1. 多媒体计算机的定义和分类 多媒体计算机的定义是：计算机综合处理多媒体信息（文本、图形、图像、音频和视频）使多种信息建立逻辑连接、集成为一个系统并具有交互性的技术。 简单地说：计算机综合处理声、文、图信息；具有集成性和交互性。 多媒体计算机的分类，从开发和生产厂商以及应用的角度出发可以分为两大类： 一类是家电制造厂商研制的电视计算机（Teleputer），是把CPU放到家电中通过编程控制管理电视机、音响。有人称它为“灵巧”电视-Smart TV； 另一类是计算机制造厂商研制的计算机电视（Compuvision），采用微处理器（80X86，68XXX）作为CPU，其它设备还有VGA卡，CD-ROM，音响设备以及扩展的多媒体家电系统，有人说它的发展方向是TV-Killer。 2. 多媒体计算机要解决的关键技术 （1）视频音频信息的获取技术； （2）多媒体数据压缩编码和解码技术； （3）视频音频数据的实时处理和特技； （4）视频音频数据的输出技术。 3. 多媒体技术促进了通信娱乐和计算机的融合 (1) 多媒体技术是解决数字化及HDTV的可行方案 应用多媒体技术制造高清晰度电视(HDTV)它可以支持任意分辨率的输出,而且输入输出分辨率可以独立,输出分辨率也可以任意地改变。可以用任意的窗口尺寸输出，同时还具备许多新的功能，如图形功能、视频音频特技以及交互功能。 高清晰度数字电视技术及交互式电视技术由于采用了数字式视频数字式音频及MPEG压缩编码算法以便于数据传输、存储及计算机控制和管理。国际标准MPEG-Ⅱ，提供了四种工具：空间可扩展性、时间可扩充性、信噪比可扩充性及数据分块等。 （2）利用多媒体技术制作VCD、DVD及影视音响 应用多媒体计算机技术可制作VCD、DVD、影视音响卡拉OK机等。VCD播放系统主要有两种，一种是MPEG播放卡，另一种是VCD播放机。MPEG卡由Mediamatics公司研制的，这种卡由三块主要的芯片：MX501、4Mbit-DRAM和40MHzOSC。它由视频音频解码

Unit 3 Born to Win (课后答案) Post-Reading Vocabulary I. 1. appreciate A 感激 B 欣赏，赏识 2. capacity A．容量，容积，容纳力 B．能力，才能 3. channel A．频道 B. 把。。。导向，引导 4. contribute A．捐献，捐赠，贡献出 B. 有助于，促成 5. flexible A.有弹性的，柔韧的 B. 灵活的，可变的 6. guilt A．罪，罪行 B. 自责，悔恨 7. potential A. 潜在的，可能的 B. 潜力，潜能 8. rigid A. 硬的，不易弯曲的 B. 严格的，刻板的 II．achieve - achievement genuine-genuineness expect - expectation respond-response depend – dependence aware – awareness limit – limitation/limit disappoint – disappointment cruel – cruelty capable- capability unique – uniqueness behave – behavior 1. expectations 2. limitations 3. capability 4. achievement 5. response 6. awareness 7. behavior 8. disappointment 9. cruelty 10. dependence III. 1. entered into 2. channeled… into 3. holds/held back 4. unaware of 5. separates… from 6. referred… to… 7. lived up to 8 calls for 9. contributes to 10. see/saw…as Translation 1. A lot of things contributed to the end of my relationship with that company. 2.She showed great courage in the face of serious illness. 3.We came to the conclusion that she was telling the truth. 4.His secretary failed to tell him about the meeting.

一、单项选择题1．多媒体技术未来发展的方向是( )。 （1）高分辨率，提高显示质量。（2）高速度化，缩短处理时间。 （3）简单化，便于操作。（4）智能化，提高信息识别能力。 A（1）（2）（3） B（1）（2）（4） C（1）（3）（4） D 全部 2．数字音频采样和量化过程所用的主要硬件是( )。 A 数字编码器 B 数字解码器 C 模拟到数字的转换器(A/D转换器) D 数字到模拟的转换器(A/D转换器) 3. 30分钟双声道、16位采样位数、22.05kHz采样频率声音的不压缩的数据量？( ) （A）1.26MB （B）2.52MB （C）3.52MB （D）25.20MB 4. 20秒钟NTSC制640×480分辨率24位真彩色数字视频的不压缩的数据量是多少？( ) （A）527.34MB （B）52.73MB （C）500.20MB （D）17.58MB 5.全电视信号主要由( )组成。 A．图象信号、同步信号、消隐信号。 B．图象信号、亮度信号、色度信号。 C．图象信号、复合同步信号、复合色度信号。 D．图象信号、复合同步信号、复合消隐信号。 6.下列哪种论述是正确的( )。 A.音频卡的分类主要是根据采样的频率来分,频率越高,音质越好。 B.音频卡的分类主要是根据采样信息的压缩比来分,压缩比越大,音质越好。 C.音频卡的分类主要是根据采样量化的位数来分,位数越高,音质越好。 D.音频卡的分类主要是根据接口功能来分,接口功能越多,音质越好。 7.下列哪种说法不正确( )。 A.预测编码是一种只能针对空间冗余进行压缩的方法。 B.预测编码是根据某一模型进行的。 C.预测编码需将预测的误差进行存储或传输。 D.预测编码中典型的压缩方法有DPCM、ADPCM。 8．下面哪些是MPC对图形、图象处理能力的基本要求（）。 （1）可产生丰富形象逼真的图形。 （2）实现三维动画。 （3）可以逼真、生动地显示彩色静止图象。 （4）实现一定程度的二维动画。 Ａ（１）（３）（４）Ｂ（２）（３）（４）Ｃ（１）（２）（３）Ｄ全部 9．下列的叙述哪些是正确的？（） （1）节点在超文本中是信息的基本单元。 （2）节点的容可以是文本、图形、图像、动画、视频和音频。

Unit 1 Personality V ocabulary 1. 1) self-conscious 2) self-confidence 3) self-esteem 4) self-destructive 5) self-worth 6) self-concept 7) Self-awareness 8) self-assurance/self-confidence 2. 1)B 2)I 3)L 4)A 5)H 6)D 7)E 8)N 9)J 10)M 11)C 12)F 13)G 14)K 3. 1) profound 2) jealousy 3) numerous 4) overweight 5) overcome 6) eventually 7) slim 8) compliments 9) diminish 10) reassurance 11) detrimental 12) isolated 13) self-esteem 14) accented 4. 1) reflected 2) concerned/worried 3) profound effect/influence 4) viewed/regarded 5)sensitive 6) respond/react 7)eliminated 8)overcome my fear 9) concentrate on 10) made no comment Translation 1) You should spend a reasonable amount of time relaxing and exercising. 2) In general children are healthier and better educated than ever before. 3) When the right opportunity comes along, he’ll take it. 4) Every day he sets aside some time to be with his family and enjoy life. 5) I remember those dark streets and walking hand in hand with my father. 6) He finally failed to live up to his parents’expectations. 7) In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously. 8) He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal weakness. Part Four Writing and Translation 2. Translation Practice

第一章：多媒体技术概论 1什么是多媒体？按照ITU的定义，媒体是如何分类的？ 信息的表现形式多种多样，这些表现形式就称为媒体。媒体的分类：感觉媒体，表示媒体，显示媒体，储存媒体，传输媒体。 2 有关多媒体的定义有哪几种？应如何理解？ 多媒体就是各种感觉媒体的组合，也就是声音，图像，图形，动画，文字，数据，文件等各种媒体的组合。 定义1：多媒体技术就是计算机交互式综合处理多种媒体信息---文本图形，图像和声音，使多种信息建立逻辑连接，集成为一个系统并具有交互性 定义2：多媒体就是数值，文字，图形等由计算机处理的信息中，使静止图像，语言，影像等时间序列信息相互关联，同步处理的技术。 定义3：多媒体系统的特征是：用计算机对一些独立的信息进行一体化的制作，处理，表现，储存和通信，这些信息必须至少通过一种连续（时间有关）媒体和一种离散（时间无关）媒体进行编码。 3多媒体有哪些关键特性? 交互性，多样性，集成性，同步性。 4信息载体革命的3个重要里程碑是如何划分的? 文字的出现是人类历史上第一次划时代的信息载体革命。印刷术的发明是继承文字出现之后的第二次信息载体革命。科学是研究者通常把电信业的出现视为人类历史上第三次信息（载体）革命。 5多媒体应用领域主要包括哪些方面？ 娱乐，教育与培训，多媒体办公系统，多媒体在通信系统中的应用，多媒体在工

业领域和科学计算中的应用，多媒体在医疗中的应用，各种咨询服务与广告宣传系统，电子出版物。 6多媒体数据具有哪些特征？ 数据量大，数据长度不定，多数据流，数据流的连续记载和检索。 7简述多媒体所涉及的关键技术？ 数据储存技术，多媒体数据压缩编码与解码技术，虚拟现实技术，多媒体数据库技术，多媒体网络与通信技术，智能多媒体技术，多媒体信息检索。 第三章：多媒体光盘储存系统 1相对于其他储存介质而言，光盘储存具有哪些特点？ 记录密度高，储存容量大，采用非接触方式读\写信息，信息保存时间长，不同平台可以互换，取代传统媒体储存介质，价格低廉。 2简述光盘驱动器的结构与工作原理. 激光二极管产生的一束激光束首先通过准直透镜变成平行光束，经过分光棱镜、反射镜后，由准直透镜将光束聚焦在旋转CD-ROM盘上的凹坑上。由于激光的相干性和凹坑性的衍射特性，在凹坑处的反射光变弱，而非凹坑区是高反射区，从而形成反射光的差异。反射光束沿原光路返回，由分光棱镜转向光电检测器（光检测二极管）。 3光盘标准是如何划分的？试分析CD标准的重要性。 标准对各类光盘的物理标尺寸、编码方式、数据记录方式以及数据文件的组织方式都有详细的规定。，可划分的标准有：ＣＤ－ＤＡ、CD-ROM、CD-R、ＶＣＤ、DVD、蓝光DVD。 4常见的光盘类型有哪些？各适应那些应用场合？

The Misery of Shyness Reading Comprehension 2. FTTT, FTFF Vocabulary 1 1) self-conscious 2) self-confidence 3) self-esteem 4) self-destructive 5) self-worth 5) self-concept 6) self-awareness 7) self-assurance/self-confidence 2 Section A GIAFC DJBEH Section B 1)profound 2) jealousy 3) overcome 4) eventually 5) compliments 6) diminish 7) reassurance 8) detrimental 9) isolated 10) accented 3 1）reflected 2) concerned/worried 3) profound effect / influence 4) viewed/regarded 5) sensitive 6) react/respond 7) eliminated 8) overcome my fear 9) concentrate on 10) made no comment Translation: 1. from feeling mild discomfort to high levels of anxiety 2. avoid arousing any suspicions 3. as criticism no matter what you say 4. L et’s not allow ourselves to be upset by trifles 5. Too much time spent dwelling on the past 6. People who believe they can accomplish goals and solve problems Further Development 1.BBABC, CCAAC Translation Practice 1.It is believed that pessimism often leads to hopelessness, sickness and failure. 2.Optimism, by contrast, can make you happy, healthy and successful. 3.When you fail in something, profit from the failure as a learning experience. 4.Think about your strengths and build up self-confidence when faced with problems or difficulties. 5.Don’t let negative thoughts hold you back.