长安大学英语
Part One
Sentence Translation
1许多城里人已经厌烦城市生活，而越来越多的乡下人正准备往城里搬。
Many people in the city are bored about the city life while more and more folks in the country are moving to the city.
2据说今年我校的6546个毕业生要去竞争仅仅4826个岗位。
6546 graduate students in Chang’an Universi ty were said to compete for 4826 positions this year.
3她很会说话，整天也穿得整整齐齐的，但家里常年四季都是乱七八糟。
She can talk in good tastes and is always dressed neatly, but her room is often at sixes and sevens.
4汲取上次事件的教训后，我决定还是亲自去施工现场和工人对话为好。
Sucking from the last experience, I decided to have a face-to-face talk with the workers on the spot myself.
5考前她悄悄去看了老师，希望能得到有关考试的情况，可一无所得。
She secretly called on her teacher before the exam in the hope of getting some hints about the exam but in vain.
6当得知老师会这样来考我们时，大家全都给蒙住了，不知道如何动手。
When we learnt that we should be tested in that way, we were at a loss and didn’t know where to start.
7中国经济的高速发展应该归功于邓小平的市场经济和后来的南巡讲话。
We should owe the rapid development of China’s economy to DengXiaoping’s Market economy and his remarks during his tourism i n China’s South.
8现在市场上之所以假货屡禁不止是因为他们造假货比造真货赚钱多。
The reasons why the fake products cannot be stopped in the market are that the manufacturers can make more money from producing fake ones than from genuine ones.
9布什政府当初在中东地区所采取的军事行动最后还是以失败而告终。
The Military attack in the Middle East by Bush administration ended with a failure at last.
10作为一名即将退休的高级干部，他特害怕将他的所作所为登在报上。
As a high-rank cadre to be retired soon, he is very afraid that what he has done will find its way into the newspapers.
11作为一个科技人员，你应该随时用现代科技来武装自己的头脑，十分了解自己专业领域的最新进展，这样才能很快出人头地。
As a scientific worker, you should arm yourself with modern science and technology and always keep yourself well informed about the latest development in your own field so that you can get ahead soon.
12在大学教育中，知识教育靠教师，而校园教育靠校园的整个环境，两者都不可缺。
In colleges, knowledge education depends on teachers while campus education relies on the whole environment, both of which are important.
13之所以要求人人都学数学就在于用它可以解释清楚我们日常生活中所好奇的这样或那样的事物。
The reason why we are asked to learn to Math is that it can make us know why things in our daily life happen the way they do.
14令我们谁也想不到的是，一个在美国呆了多年的博士竟说不了几句英语，看不懂这样的文章。
To our surprise, the doctor who lived in USA for years could not speak English and read such an easy article.
15由于他最近心里有事情不能集中精力工作，这篇5000多字的论文花了整整11个小时才修改完。
Recently he has something in mind and could not focus himself on the work; he took 11 solid hours to review the 5000-word thesis.
16某些概念、原理和定律往往能构成基以建立一门新学科的其它概念、原理和定律。
Some ideas, principles and rules often form the basis on which a new branch of science may be established.
17虽然计算机不能进行创造性的工作，但其工作速度要远远比设计它的人快得多。
Although it cannot do creative work, a computer can work faster than its designer.
18由于条件越来越严，许多高校教师都放弃了晋升教授的努力，整体在混日子。
Because the qualifications become more and more rigid, many college teachers have given up striving for being promoted and they killed their time everyday.
19环境与建设的协调发展是当前许多工程技术人员十分感兴趣且在努力研究的课题。
The coordinated development between environment and construction is a subject what many engineers are very interested and
work hard at.
20既然如此，你现在当紧要做的就是找到有力的证据来使别人信服你是清白的。
As it is, what you should do now is to find strong evidences to convince others of your innocent.
21随着社会的发展，越来越高的生活要求使我们只得求助现代实验室来创造大自然无法给我们提供的东西。
With the development of society, the higher and higher demands of life make us to turn to the modern Lab to create what nature cannot provide us.
22产品销路不好，职工下岗，收支无法相抵。因此，如不加大改革力度，许多企业将无法生存。
As the products are on bad sale, the workers are laid off and they cannot make both ends meet. Many enterprises will not survive themselves if further reforms will not be carried out.
23追求美并没有什么不好，但如果只有美丽的容颜，而没有出色的工作照样被人瞧不起。
It is not bad to pursuit beauty. However, people will be looked down upon if they have a good look/appearance but never do well in work.
24心理医生告诫人们：家庭成员之间的正常关系是人们健康生活中一个不可忽视的方面。
Psychologists warned us that the normal relationship among the family members is an important aspect (that should never be ignored) in people’s healthful life.
25人人都知道吸烟有害健康。但对于一个烟瘾很大的人来说，戒除这类坏习惯很难。
Everyone knows that smoking is harmful to health. But it is hard to get rid of it for a chain smoker.
26一个年轻领导，只要他工作上勤政廉洁，作风上不摆架子，就会很快得以提拔。
A young cadre, as long as he is diligent and clean and never puts on airs before the public, can be promoted soon/sooner.
27 在西部大开发中，我们一是要与旧的观念作斗争，二是要走可持续发展的道路。
In the west development campaign, we should, firstly fight against old ideas and secondly stick to the sustainable development.
28 他本来只想照导师说的那样去做，但实验一开始，他的兴趣就转到别的地方去了。
He intended/meant to do as his instructor said, but his attentions shifted to a different gear after the experiment was carried out/began.
29 煤矿安全是过去、现在一直强调的问题，但接二连三的事故证明我们的工作很不力。
The safety in coal mines is the problem that was and is still stressed but the accidents in a row show our poor work about it. 30 经过多年的艰苦谈判和不断沟通，各国代表最后才就共同控制全球污染的问题达成共识。
Through hard negotiations and continuous communications for years, the representatives from all countries finally arrived at an agreement for/about the control of the global pollution.
31 市政府关闭市区所有的燃煤锅炉和污染企业后，西安良好天气的天数一年比一年多了。
After municipal government has closed all coal-burning boilers and heavily-polluting enterprises, there are more and more fine days in Xi’an year by year.
32 我们日常饮用的水的性质与组成水的氢和氧分子的性质不同。
The properties of water we drink everyday are different from those of hydrogen and oxygen that water is composed of.
33 人们常常通过将一个物体在空气中和水中的重量来确定它的比重。
The specific gravity of an object is often determined by comparing its weight in air with that in water.
34 分子可以被认为是在不改变其性质的情况下仍存在的物质的最小微粒。
Molecule can be considered as the smallest particle of matter that without changing its nature.
35 人像汽车一样，在大大低于其获得体能的情况下工作时效率最高。
The human body, like a car, functions (the) most efficiently well below its acquired capacity.
36 流体与小管道之间的摩擦力要比它与大管道之间的摩擦力相对的大。
The frictional force between the fluid and the pipe is comparatively greater in smaller pipes than in larger ones.
37 工程师们应该知道结构材料的选择应使其在外在条件下保持有弹性。
The engineers should know that the material for structural purpose should be chosen so that they can behave elastically under the environmental conditions.
38 铁在氧气燃烧中所生成的物质不同于它在生锈时所生成的物质。
The substances formed by burning iron in oxygen are different from those produced when iron rusts.
39 同水相比，电的便利之处在于它能很容易从生产的地方输送到需要的地方。
Compared with water, the convenience of electricity is that it can be easily transmitted from where it is generated to where it is needed.
40 西安市正在加大基础设施建设，以使自己能在西部的城市中始终保持领头羊的地位。
Xi’an is constructing its basic facilities on a large scale so that it can keep its lead among the western cities.
41 在设计设备时，工程师应该考虑到电动机功率的大小受其尺寸大小控制之道理。
The engineer should know that the output of an electric motor is controlled by its size in designing equipment/devices.
42 在大型建设项目实施之前应进行实地调查，使其数量合理、位置恰当、与环境协调。
Field survey should be conducted before the implementation of a large-scale construction project so that it can be made reasonable in numbers, proper in location and coordinate in environment.
43 在日常生活中，我们常常忽视像沙子和石头这些普通的物质。实际上，它们存在着我们可以加以利用的无穷的能量。In our every day, we often neglect some common substances such as sand and stone. In fact, there exists inexhaustible energy we can make use of in them.
44 由于这些新型的塑料重量轻，强度大，所以它在许多机械制造业中被广泛采用。
As the new type of plastics is light in weight and strong in strength, it has found wide application in many machine-making factories.
45 太阳能、风能、核能将是我们解决未来能量短缺问题的最有可能、最可靠的途径。
Solar energy, wind energy and nuclear energy are the most possible and reliable ones for us to solve the problem of energy shortage in future.
46 由于水要么容易漏掉，要么会很快被蒸发，所以它永远也不能成为很好的润滑剂。
As water may either leak out easily or evaporate quickly, it cannot be a good lubricant.
47 当一个物体与另一个物体接触时，只要产生运动，总会有摩擦力反抗其相对运动。
Whenever an object moves while it is in contact with another one, a frictional force often opposes its relative motion.
48 这种金属在市场上之所以遭到冷落的主要原因是其熔点低限制了它的使用范围。
The main reason why this metal is on bad sale in the market is that its low melting point limits its usefulness.
49 卫星总是要飞离地球，而结果却被地球引力拉回来，拉回来的距离与飞出去的距离相等。
The satellite is always escaping from the earth, only to be pulled back by it’s gravity ，with the same distance as it escapes. 50 直到如今，只有几种稀有元素才能通过原子裂变的方式将聚集的能量释放出来。
Till now, there are only a few rare elements where the locked energy can be released by atom fission.
Part two
Translation for paper titles
1 亚洲文化对企业国际化管理的影响
Influence of Asian Culture on Globalization Management for current Enterprises
2 社会主义新农村建设中出现的问题及对策研究
Problems Existing in Constructing Socialist New Villages and Strategy Study
3 试探和谐社会与法制社会之间的关系
Discussion on the Relationship between Harmonious Society and Legal Society
4 新版“十万个为什么”及它对青少年的影响
New Edition of 100,000 whys and its Influencing on Children
5 科学发展观的内涵意义及对中国未来发展的深远影响
Implications of Scientific Outlook on Development and its Significance for China’s Future Development
6 科教学评估中出现的问题及我们应采取的有效措施
Problems from Undergraduate Teaching Evaluation and Effective measures to be taken
7 高校目前进行的教学质量工程的几点建议
Some Suggestions for the On-going Teaching Quality Projects in universities
8 高等学校贫困生的心理问题及其对策研究
Psychological Problems of Poverty-stricken college students and Strategy Study
9 高校学生工作面临的形势、问题和对策研究
Present Situation and Problems for College Student Moral Education and Strategy
10 中国大学新名校面面观及我的一点看法
New Names of China’s Universities and my opinions about them
11 现代科技与信息化浪潮对大学生的影响与对策研究
Influence of Modern Science and Information Tide to College Students and Strategy Study
12 图书馆在营造大学文化建设及学术氛围中的作用
Roles of Library in Constructing College Culture and Academic Atmosphere
13 中国远程教育的发展趋势及应注意的几个问题
Trends of China’s Long-distance Education and Existing Problems
14 国外部分高校人力资源的基本情况对比研究
Comparison for the Basic Situation of Human Resources in Some Foreign Universities
15 非英语专业研究生全国口语考试模式之我见
My Opinions for Nation Oral English Test modes of Non-English Major Graduate Students
16 科技论文摘要写作中存在的问题及建议
Problems and advices in Abstract Writing for Scientific Papers
17 试论专业名称修改后的利及对学生就业的弊
Advantages of Specialty Names after their Adjustment and its Disadvantages Brought to Student's Employment 18 资源意识与实施可持续发展战略
Resource Awareness and Implementation of Sustainable Development
19 城市可持续发展与地下空间开发
Sustainable Development for Urban Areas and Exploitation for Underground Dimension
20 农村土地制度对目前城市化的制约及解决方案
Restrains from Rural Land Systems to Urbanization and Suggested Solutions
21 项目环境影响预评价及减缓措施的建议
Pre-assessment for Project Environment Impact and Suggestions for Impact-Reducing Measures
22 高速公路建设对现代化社会的利弊分析研究
Advantages and Disadvantages from Expressway Construction to Modern Society
23 加大基础设施投资，加快西安现代化城市建设步伐
Increasing investment on Infrastructure and Speeding up the Construction for Modern Xi’an
24 道路交通事故多发点的分析与改善
Analysis for Black Spots and Their Improvement
25 低温下沥青混合料抗裂性能研究
Research on Anti-cracking Performance for Asphalt Mixture in Low Temperatures
26 青藏公路路基下冻土稳定性研究
Research on Permafrost Stability under Road Sub-grade of Qinghai-Tibet Highway
27 沥青路面结构可靠性验证方法的探讨
Discussions on Examination Methods for the Reliability of Asphalt Pavement Structure
28 高等级公路沥青路面结构设计参数的统计分析研究
Statistical Analysis on Designing Parameters for Asphalt Pavement Structure of High-grade Highways
29 高速公路交通流动态模型的参数识别
Parameter Recognition for Traffic Flowing Model of Expressway
30 混凝土配合比设计中几个问题的研究
On the problems for Concrete Mixture Design
31 决策优化方法在选择公路养护方案时的应用
Application for Decision Optimization in Road Maintenance Schemes
32 对工程监理中处理工程索赔方法的探讨
Discussion on the Treatment of Claims in Project Supervision
33 政府在公路建设中的定位与作用研究
Position of the Governments in Highway Construction and Their Roles
34 空气动力学特性对汽车操纵稳定性的影响
Influence of Aerodynamic properties on the Stability of Auto-Steering
35 汽车运用工程专业发展历程的简要回顾
Brief Review on the Development History of Automobile Application Engineer
36 制动试验台结构差异对检测结果影响的分析
Analysis on the Influence of Structural Difference of Braking-test Platforms on the Examination Results
37 理想状态下的理论方法及适应范围
Theoretical Methods and Their Applicability Range under Ideal Conditions
38 从材料科学的发展看现代科技发展的特点
Characteristics of Modern Science and Technology in Material Development
39 论信息在当今各行业中的重要作用
On the Important Roles of Information in All Trades
40 邓小平社会主义市场经济理论的形成及其意义
Formation of Deng Xiaoping Socialist Market Economy and Its Implications
41 入世后我国商业银行面临的挑战与几个问题
Challenges and Problems Confronted by China's Commercial Banks after the Entry of WTO
42 关于现代企业会计制度的几种认识误区
Some Misunderstanding for the Accounting System in Current Enterprise
43 交通运输系统中价值理论分析的研究
Analysis on Value Theory in Transportation System
44 港口化学污水处理技术路线的研究
Examination on the Technical Routes for Waste Water Treatment in Ports
45 在技术基础课教学中双语教学的尝试与实践
Trials and Practices of Bilingual Teaching in Basic Technical Courses
46 谈《工程制图》教学中画图能力和看图能力的培养
Cultivation for Students Drawing Ability and Draw-recognition Ability in Engineering-Drawing Teaching
47 试论长安建筑和城市制度对现代建筑学的影响
Influence of Chang'an Buildings and Urban System on Modern Architecture
48 对外开放条件下中国名牌的创立与保护
Creation and Protection for China's Famous Brands under Opening-up Situation
49 试论民营企业在西部开发中的作用
Roles of Private Enterprises in the West Development Campaign
50 关于高新技术产业开发带发展优势与重点领域的分析
Analysis on the Key fields and Their Advantages in Hi-tech Development zone
2008年第一部分句子翻译
1我读博的目的是想用现代科学技术知识来武装自己的头脑，以便很快出人头地。
My purpose to pursue doctor degree is to arm myself with modern science and technology so that I can get ahead sooner.
2作为当代的工程技术人员，不断地了解自己所从事专业领域的最新进展是十分重要的。
As a present-day technical worker, it is important to keep himself well-informed about the latest progress in his field.
3数学是重要性在于你用它可以解释你所好奇这样或那样的事情。
The importance of math lies in its magic in which it can explain everything you are curious about.
4大学教育包括知识教育和校园教育，而知识教育又内涵知识教育和想象。
College education includes knowledge education and campus education. And the former in turn includes education for pure knowledge and cultivation for full imagination.
5由于我最近心中有事不能集中精力工作，一篇5000字的论文花了整整11个小时才修改完。
As I was troubled by something and could not concentrate myself on the work, it took me 11 solid hours to revise the 5,000 paper.
6一门新学科的建立往往要基于其它学科的某些概念、原理和定律。
A new science is usually established on the basis of some ideas, principles and laws of other science.
7虽然计算机不能进行创造性的工作，但其工作速度要远远比设计它的人快的多。
Although computer can’t do creative work, its processing speed is far faster than that of its des igner.
8由于条件越来越严，许多教师彻底放弃了晋升教授的努力，整天在浑日子。
As the qualifications are becoming more and more rigid, many teachers have given up starving for professor and kill their time every day.
9治理“三废”是当前许多科学技术工作者十分感兴趣且在努力研究的课题。
The treatment of “three waste” is the su bject many scientists interested in and make good effort to study.
10.你现在当紧要做的就是找到有力的证据来使别人信服你是清白的
What you have to do now is to find strong evidence to convince other of your innocent.
11.中国经济的高速发展应该归功于邓小平的市场经济和后来的南巡讲话
The rapid growth of China’s economy should be attributed to Deng Xiaoping’s market economy and his remarks during his touring in the south.
12.由于造假货比真货赚钱多得多，他们哪能顾及到消费者的利益
As they can make more money from producing fake products than manufacturing genuine ones, how can they care about the interest of consumers?
13.随着社会的发展，越来越高的生活要求使我们只得求助现代实验室来创造大自然无法给我们提供的东西
With social development, we have to turn to the laboratory to create what nature can’t provide for us as we have more and mor e demand for it.
14产品销路不好，职工下岗，收支无法相抵。对于这些问题如不加大改革力度，许多企业将无法生存。
As the product are on bad sale, workers are laid off one after another and they can’t make both ends meet, many enterprises can’t survive themselves ,if they don’t conduct in-depth reform..
15.追求美并没有什么不好，但如果只有美丽的容貌，而没有出色的工作照样被人瞧不起。
It’s not bad to pursue beauty but if you only have a good look and don’t work well, you will still be look down upon by others.
16.心理医生告诫我们：家庭成员之间的正常关系是人们健康生活中一个不可忽视的方面。
Psychologist warn people that :the normal relationship among family members is an important aspect that should not be ignored in the healthful life.
17.人人都知道吸烟有害健康。但对于一个烟瘾很大的人来说，戒除这类坏习惯很难。
Everyone knows that smoking is harmful for health, but it’s difficult for the chain smokers to get rid of such bad habit as smoking.
18.一个年轻领导，只要他工作上勤政廉政，作风上待人不摆架子，就会很快得以提拔。
As a young leader, he will be quickly promoted as long as he is industrious and honest in work and never put on airs before others.
19.作为一名即将退休的高级干部，他特害怕将他的所作所为登在报上。
As a senior cadre to be retired, he is afraid that what he has done will be found its way into the newspaper
20.在西部大开发中，我们一是要与旧的观念做斗争，二是要走可持续发展的道路。
In the west development campaign, we should firstly fight against the out-of-date ideas and secondly we should stick to the way of sustainable development.
21.他本来只想照导师说的那样去做，但实验一开始，他的兴趣就转到别的方向去了。
He intended to do as his tutor said, but when the test started, his attention was shifted to a different gear.
22.煤矿安全是过去、现在一直强调的问题，但接二连三的事故证明了我们的工作不力。
The safety of coal mining was and still is the problem that is stressed, but the accident in a raw show our poor work for it.
23.越来越多的城里人已厌烦城市生活，而许多乡下的人正准备往城里搬。
More and more city people are tired of city life, while many country people are planning to move to the city.
24.近千家造纸厂的关闭必然会造成成千上万的工人下岗，但从长远的观点来看这实际上是件好事。
The shutting down of the nearby on thousand paper-making factories will cause thousands of workers (employees) to be laid off. But it is, in fact, good in the long run.
25.虽然她很会说话，整天也穿得整整齐齐，但家里老是乱七八糟。
Although she is a good talker and is dressed neatly, her home is always at sixes and sevens.
Or: although she can talk in good taste and is dressed neatly, her house is in a mess.(or in a disorder.)
26. 经过几个小时的思考，我决定亲自去现场和工人对话为好。
After hours thought, I decided to go to construction site myself to have face-to-face talk workers.
28. 当得知老师会这样考我们时，大家全给蒙住了，不知道如何动手。
When we know that we should be tested in that way, all of us were at a loss and didn’t to know where to start.(or how to do i t.)
29. 经过十多年的艰苦谈判，双方才就假如WTO的事宜达成共识。
Through over 10 years talks, the two parts, at least, arrived at the agreement for the entry of WTO.
30．市政府关闭市区所有的燃煤锅炉和污染企业后，西安良好天气的天数一年比一年多了。
After the city government have taken measures to close all the coal—burned boilers and pollution enterprises, there are more and more fine days of weather in Xi’an year after year.
(注：much, many, more不做表语)
31．现在还很难说布什政府对对伊拉克的军事打击最后是否回达到他们预想的目的。
It is hard to say whether Bush’s government military attack on Iraq can arrive at its expected purpose.
32. 同水相比，电的便利之处在于它能很容易从发电的地方输送到需要的地方。
The convenience of electricity, compared with water, it that it can be transported from where if is generated to where it is needed.
33. 基础设施薄弱、拳头产品太少、国民生产总值低是导致西安在西部城市中失去领头羊地位的主要因素。
Being poor basic facilities, two few world-famous products and the low in GDP is the main factor that affect the leading position of Xi’an in China’s west cities.
34.在设计大型设备时，你应该考虑电动机功率的大小受其尺寸控制之道理。
When designing large- scaled machine, you should know that output of electricity power is controlled by its size.
35．在大型项目实施以前应进行实地考察，使其数量合理，位置恰当，与环境协调。
Before carrying out a large-scale construction, you should conduct on the spot, so that it will be suitable in numbers, proper in location and harmonious with the environment.
36．在日常生活中，我们常常忽视想沙子和石头这些普通的物质。实际上，它们存在着我们可以利用的无穷的能量。In our daily life, we often neglect the ordinary substance such as sand and stone. In fact, there exists inextensible energy that we can utilize.
37. 已翻过。
38．在中国经济大开发过程中还存在着观念落后、资金匮乏、人才短缺这些问题。
There are some problems such as being backward in ideas, deficient fund and shortage of human resources.
39.由于这些塑料重量轻，强度大，所以它在许多机械制造业中被广泛应用。
As the plastic has light weight and strong strength,(or: as the plastic is light in weight and strong in strength), it has found wide application( or : it has been widely used) in industries.
40.太阳能、风能、核能将是我们解决未来能量短缺问题的最有可能、最可靠的途径。
The solar energy, wind energy and nuclear energy are the most possible and reliable forms of energy we may use in the future for our energy shortage.
41. 由于水是那么容易漏掉，要么会很快被蒸发，所以它永远不会成为很好的润滑剂。
As water can either easily leak out or quickly evaporate, it can never be a lubricant.
42. 我们日常饮用的水的性质与组成水的氢和氧的性质不同。
The properties of water we drink every day are different from those of hydrogen and oxygen that water is made of.
43.我们常常通过将一个物体在空气中和水中的重量来确定它的比重。
We usually determine the specific gravity of an object by comparing its weight in air with that in water.
44.当一个物体与另一个物体接触时，只要产生运动，总会有摩擦力反抗其相对运动。
Whenever an object moves while it is in contact with another one, the frication force always opposes its relative motion.
45.这种金属在市场上只所以遭到冷落的主要原因是其熔点低限制了它的使用范围。
The main reason why the metal has bad sale in market is that its low melting point limits its usefulness
46.卫星总是要飞离地球，而结果却被地球引力拉回来，拉回来的距离与飞出去的距离相等。
The satellite is always escaping from the earth only to be pulled back by gravity with the same distance as it escapes. 47.人像汽车一样，在大大低于其获得体能的情况下工作时效率最高。
The human body, like a car, functions the most efficiency well bellows its acquired capacity.
48.流体与小管道之间的摩擦力要比它与大管道之间的摩擦力相对的。
The frication force between the fluid and the pipe is relatively greater in smaller pipe than in larger one.
49.直到如今，只有几种稀有元素才能通过原子裂变的方式将聚集的能量释放出来。
Until now, there’re only a few rare elements where locked energy can be released by breaking up their atoms.
50.分子可以被认为是在不改变其性质的情况下能存在的物质的最小微粒。
Molecule can be considered as the smallest particle of matter that exists without changing its nature.
第二部分标题翻译
1 亚洲文化对企业国际化管理的影响
Influence of Asian Culture on Globalization Management for Current Enterprises
2全球化对中国文化的影响及其对策研究
Influence of Globalization on Chinese Culture and Strategy Research
3 试探和谐社会与法制社会之间的关系
Discussion on The Relationship Between Harmonious Society And Local Society
4新版“十万个为什么”及它对青少年的影响
New Edition of “100,000 Whys” and its Influencing On Children
5 科学发展观的内涵意义及对中国未来发展的深远影响
Implication of Scientific Outlook On Development and Its Significance for China
6 本科教学评估中出现的问题及我们应该采取的有效措施
Problem existing in the Undergraduate Teaching Evaluation and Effecting Means to be Taken
7 对高校目前进行的教学质量工程的几点建议
Some Suggestions for the on-going Teaching Quality Project in Universities
8 高等学校贫困生的心理问题及其对策研究
Psychological Problems of Poor Students in Universities and Strategy Study
9高校学生工作面临的形势、问题和对策研究
Present Situation and Existing Problems for College Students Moral Education and Strategy Study
10 中国大学新校名面面观及我的一点看法
New Names of China’s University and my Opinions about Them.
11现代科技与信息化浪潮对大学生的影响及对策研究
Influence of Modern Science And Information Tide To College Students And Strategy Study
13 中国远程教育发展的趋势及应注意的几个问题
The Development Trend of China’s Long-distance Education and the Existing Problems
14 国外部分高校人力资源的基本情况对比研究
Comparison of Basic Situation for Human Resource in Some Universities of Foreign Counties
15非英语专业研究生全国口语考试模式之我见
My Opinions Of Nation Oral English Test Mode Of Non-English Major Post Graduates.
16 科技论文摘要写作中存在的问题及建议
Existing Problems in abstract Writing of Scientific Paper and Some Suggestions
17试论专业名称修改后的利及对学生就业的弊
Advantages of Specialty Names after Their Adjustment and Disadvantages Brought to Student's Employment
18资源意识与实施可持续发展战略
Awareness of Resources and Implementation of Sustainable Development
19城市可持续发展与地下空间开发
Sustainable Development for Urban Area and Exploitation for Underground Space
20 农村土地制度对目前城市化的制约及解决方案
Restriction from Rural Land System Urbanization and Suggested Situations to it
21 项目环境影响预评价及减缓措施的建议
Pre-Assessment for Project Environment Impacts and Suggestion for Impact-Reducing Measures
22 高速公路建设对现代化社会的利弊研究
Advantages and Disadvantages from Expressway Construction to the Modern Society
23 加大基础设施投资，加快西安现代化城市建设步伐
Increasing Investment Infrastructure（Basic Facilities）and Speeding Up Construction for the Modern Xi’an 24道路交通事故多发地点的分析与改善
Analysis for Black Spots of Traffic Accidents and Their Reconstruction
25低温下沥青混合料抗裂性能研究
Study of Anti-Cracking Performance for Asphalt Mixture in Low Temperatures
26青藏公路路基下冻土稳定性研究
Study o f Permafrost Stability under Sub-Grade of Qinghai-Tibet Highway
27沥青路面结构可靠性验证方法发探
Discussion on the Examination Method for Reliability for Asphalt Pavement Structure
28高等级公路沥青路面结构设计参数的统计分析研究
Statistical Analysis on Designing Parameters for Asphalt Pavement Structure of High-Grade Highway
29高速公路交通流动态模型的参数识别
Parameter Recognition for Traffic Flowing Model on Expressway
30混凝土配合比设计中几个问题的研究
On Problems of Concrete Mixture Design
31 决策优化方法在选择公路养护方案时的应用
Application for Decision Optimization in highway Maintenance Scheme
32对工程监理中处理工程索赔方法的探讨
Discussion on The Treatment of Claims on Project Supervision
33 政府在公路建设中的定位与作用研究
The Position of the Government in Highway Construction and Their Role Study
34空气动力学特性对汽车操纵稳定性的影响
Influence of Aero-dynamic Properties on the Stability of Auto Steering
35汽车运用工程专业发展历程的简要回顾
A Brief Review for Development History of Automobile Application Engineering
36 制动实验台结构差异对检测结果影响的分析
Analysis for Influence of Structure Difference of Baking Test Platform on Examination Result
37理想状态下的理论方法及适用范围
Theoretical Methods and Their Applicability Range under Ideal Condition
38从材料科学的发展看现代科技发展的特点
Characteristics of Modern Science and Technology in Material Development
39论信息在当今各行各业中的重要作用
On Important Effect of Information in All Trades
40邓小平社会主义市场经济理论的形成及其意义
Formation of Deng Xiaoping's Socialist Market Economy and its Implications
41．入世后我国商业银行面临的挑战与几个问题
Challenges and Problems Faced by China's Commercial Banks after the Entry of WTO
42．关于现代企业会计制度的几种认识误区
Some Misunderstandings for Accounting System In Current Enterprise
43交通运输系统中价值理论分析的研究
Analysis on Value Theory of Traffic Transportation System
44港口化学污水处理技术路线的研究
Examination on Technical Routes for Waste Water Treatment in Ports
45 在技术基础课教学中双语教学的尝试与实践
Trial and Practice of Bilingual Teaching in Basic Technical Courses注：Trials表示反反复复的动作，Try表示一次性动作。46谈《工程制图》教学中画图能力和看图能力的培养
Cultivation for Students Drawing Ability and Drawing -Recognition Ability in Engineering Drawing Teaching
47试论长安建筑和城市制度对现代建筑学的影响
Influence of Chang'an Buildings and Urban System on Modern Architecture
48对外开放条件下中国名牌的创立与保护
Creation for China's Brand-New Productions and Their Protection under Opening up Situation
49试论民营企业在西部开发中的作用
Roles of Private Enterprises in China's West Development Campaign
50关于高新技术产业开发带发展优势与重点领域的分析
Analysis on Key Field and Their Advantages in Hi-Tech Development Zones
第三部分段落翻译
1数学非常重要，你到处都可用上它。你可能不像有些人：只要生活过得愉快，不关心其它事，就可日复一日地过。你对生活，对其他人以及为什么会发生这样或那样的事感兴趣。你不想知道雪事怎么形成的，星星事什么东西，收音机怎样工作的。总之，你对一切都好奇。要想知道所有这些，你就得学习数学。再没有其它办法可使你弄清出你所好奇的东西。
Mathematic is very important, you can use it everywhere. You may not like people who may go on from day to day, having a good time and not carrying about anything else. You are interested in life, in other people and in what makes things happen the way they do. You also want to know what makes it snow, what the stars are and how radio works. In a word, you are curious about everything. If you want to know all those, you have to know something about math. There will be no other way to understand the things you are curious about.
2目前西安市交通条件差，车辆拥挤，市区环境污染严重。另外，市区建筑十分拥挤，绿地面积少，对环境的调节能力差，城市的环境卫生也不好。拟建的高架快速干道必然会导致沿线地区发展成为主要的工商业区，形成新的环境污染源，还会进一步增加市区人口密度，有碍西安市发展成为国际著名旅游城市的格局。
At present, Xi'an is poor in traffic condition, congested with all kinds of vehicles and serious in environment pollution in inner city. To make matters worse, the buildings in the city are crowed, the sanitation is bad and the green space is scarce, which has poor capability of regulating the environment. The construction of the viaduct will turn the area into a main commercial quarter and increase the population density in it, forming new pollution sources, which will hinder the original plan to build Xi'an to an internationally famous tourist city.
3同全国一样，省内的道路交通安全状况不容乐观。在1990~1994年中平均每年发生道路交通事故7860起，死亡1540人，受伤4290人。由于中国处在大规模工业化进程中，正在迅速机动化，汽车保有量的年增长率高达10~20%，使道路交通事故增多的危险进一步加大，交通安全问题将成为制约道路交通发展的重要因素。
The traffic safety situation in Shaanxi province is no better than that in other parts of the country. From 1990-1994, about 7860 traffic accidents occurred annually, among which 1540 were killed and 4290 were injured. As China is now in the progress of large-scale industrialization and rapid motorization, the auto possession has been increased by as high as 10% to 20% each year, which will result in greater occurrences of traffic accidents. Accordingly, traffic safety problem have become the main factor to restrain the further development of road traffic.
4如果这些洗车废水都向外排放的话，一方面每个服务站都得建立一个供水厂，另一方面如此大量的废水也必将对附近水环境造成污染。事实上，汽车废水经沉淀处理后可循环使用，这样既可以解决供水问题，又防止了废水对环境的污染。因此，每个服务站都应建立废水处理场。生活污水不宜用来冲洗车辆，这些水由于用量较小，不含有毒物质，且有一定肥效，因此可用作灌溉。这样既解决了排放问题，又增加了农业生产。
If the waste water from rinsing vehicles is discharged, there will have to be a water supply plant in each service center. Besides, such great quality of wastewater will pollute the surrounding water environment. In fact, the polluted water can be recycled after settlement, which will not only solve the problem of water supply, but also prevent it from polluting the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to set up a waste water treatment plant in every service center. As to the domestic water, because it is small in quantity, poison-free in content and fertile in function, it cannot be used for rinsing vehicles, but for irrigating farmland, which will not only solve the drainage problems, but also increase agricultural production.
6 随着国民水平的提高，高等级公路发展日新月异。就我省而言已建成西~临、三原~铜川和西~宝全封闭高等级公路，为长期在混合交通、低等级公路上行驶的车辆提供了良好的行车环境，视野开阔，行车速度大大提高，节省了行车时间，降低了油耗和运输成本，从而使交通量急剧增长。
With the improvement of the national economy, the development of high-class highways has been undertaken at a high-speed. In Shaanxi, Xi'an-Lintong, Sanyuan-Lintong and Xi'an-Baoji high-class highway with complete enclosure which has provided good driving environment for drivers who, for a long time, have suffered from driving on the low-grade roads with mixed traffic. Now they have good view, greatly raise driving speed, saving driving time and lower the oil consumption and transportation cost. Accordingly, there has a sharp increase of traffic volume.
7 根据统计资料，1990年发生的188次交通事故中，157起发生在平交路口，占83.51%，1991年发生的192起交通事故中，有101起就发生在平交路口，占总交通事故的52.6%。从通车以来，全线发生死亡事故的14个地点中全部是在车辆通过村庄或路口时发生的，而且有8处连续发生死亡事故。
According to the statistical, among the 188 traffic accidents in the year of 1990, 157 0ccured at the grad-crossings,
accounting for 83.51%; and among 192 ones in 1991, 101 took place on the similar spots, accounting for 52.6%. along the highway, the 14 places where casualties often took place since its service, were village and cross entrance ,8 of which had a high occurrence of casualties (since its service , the casualties often took place on such 14 places as villages and road entrance when vehicles passed there, 8 out of 14 had a high occurrence of casualties)
8该高速公路自建成通车以来，在该地区的改革开放和经济建设中发挥了显著的效益，被誉为“经济腾飞之路”。但是，由于该线路没有实施封闭，混合交通十分严重。另外，原线路上平交路口太多，车辆行驶达不到设计时速，交通事故频繁，严重恶性事故时有发生，给民众生命财产造成严重损失，严重影响了其社会、经济效益的发挥。所以，实施封闭工程已成为一项亟待解决的重要工程项目。
Since the highway open to service (traffic), it has display its full role in the local economic construction so it is called “a way to economic take-off”. However, as it is no enclosed, and there too many grade-crossing mixed traffic along the line is becoming more and more serious. Because of these , the vehicles can not reach the design speed, and traffic accidents especially serious ones, which take place there, which ha s produced great loss to people’s lives and their properties, and seriously effected i ts full display for social and economic benefits. Accordingly, the enclosure project has become urgent and key one now.
9. 道路交通事故发生过程的不重视性影响交通安全评价研究结果的准确性。交通事故是不可逆事件，传统的统计记录已发生事故的资料为根据的交通安全研究实质上是一种建立在道路交通事故现场勘察结果基础上的逆向不完全推断，极大地依赖于有关人员的事故勘测与分析鉴定水平。按照目前的事故勘测条件和事故分析技术并不能保证对每起交通事故的发生过程及原因得出准确的鉴定结果，由此产生的推断误差也是影响安全评价研究结果可靠性的重要原因之一The less attention to the occurring process of traffic accidents often affects the accuracy of safety assessment. As the traffic accidents are irreversible events, the traditional traffic safety research on the basis of record accident information is essence, an incomplete deduction established by on the spots survey research on this basis of the recorded accidents ,which greatly depends on the professional levels of the technicians in their survey and analysis, the present surveying condition of analysis levels for traffic accidents cannot guarantee the accurate assessment for the process and caused of each accidents. Hence, the deduction errors from those have become one of the important causes that may affect the reliability for the safety assessment. 10各种运输方式中，运输工具价值高，固定资产所占比例大，则对市场波动反映十分敏感，风险大。而换一种角度来思考，又可得出另一个重要结论：提高高价值运输工具的使用强度并保证其使用率，将会大大降低其运输经济成本。应根据运输方式的价值结构，从使用强度和效率来寻找各种运输方式的发展空间。
In all kinds of transportation modes, the higher of the value of transportation means, the greater the percentage of fixed assets, the more sensitive it is to the market fluctuation and the more risks there will exist. In another thought, another important conclusion can be deduced (drawn). If the service intensity of high-valued transportation means can be increased and the service ratio can be ensured, the transportation cost can be greatly lowered. Therefore, it is possible to hunt for the development space of the transportation modes from the value structure, the service intensity and the service ratio of transportation means.
11 青藏公路从1973年开始大规模建设以来，路基不均匀沉降、路面波浪病害在多年冻土区内大范围产生。针对这些病害，从1992年开始全面整治。采取大幅度加高路堤，以保护路基下多年冻土上限不下降或有所回升。经整治情况有所改善，但远未达到预期效果，掌握多年冻土的现状，有针对的采取有效合理的工程措施，是整治工程成效的关键Since the large-scale reconstruction in 1973, the non-uniform settlement of sub-grade and wave-like impairment of pavement have appeared in many permafrost places along Qinghai-Tibet highway (here-in-after Q-T highway). In order to fight against these diseases, another thorough reconstruction was started in 1992, including the great raising of embankment, so as to protect the upper limit of permafrost layer in the sub-grade from descending ( or lowing or make it have a bit of rise). Although things have been improved to some extent, after the reconstruction, they are far from the expected results. This has made the technical workers aware that they have to learn thoroughly the permafrost performance in these places and took more effective measures in the construction.
12．沥青面层的施工质量是决定沥青路面使用质量的一个重要方面。大量事实均表明，路面病害大部分与施工质量控制不好有关，特别是在气候环境特殊地区。规范中虽对一般气候地区沥青路面的施工有较为详细的技术要求，但对气候特殊的地区没有涉及。以青藏公路为例，常年低温、昼夜温差大，这给沥青路面的施工带来诸多不利影响，如施工期短、沥青混合料温度散失快，难以碾压成型等。
The construction quality of asphalt surfacing is an important factor to determining the quality of asphalt pavement. A lot of facts had shown that most of the pavement diseases have due to poor control over the construction quality, especially in the climate-peculiar (meteorologically peculiar) area. Although there are detailed technical requirements for the asphalt pavement
construction in the areas with ordinary weather condition, nothing is mentioned for work in the areas with that weather. The Q-Z highway runs in the area where there are great difference of temperature round the clock, as well as low temperatures throughout the year, which brings about a lot of troubles for construction of asphalt mixture temperature and great difficulties for compacting and shaping.
13自通车以来，沿线村镇的农民都把该路当作一条发财之路。村镇向路边延伸，新建街道向路边靠拢，大小商店在路边开业。原来选线时远离村镇的设想被破坏，造成了对高速行驶车辆的严重威胁。
Since its service, the local people along the route line have made the road a way to make money. The villages are extending themselves to the roadside, the newly built streets are stretching to the roads and shops with different sizes are being opened one after another. Because of these (Therefore), the original consideration of its being away from villages has been ruined, which has become a great threat to the high-running vehicles.
14. 统计结果表明，约91%的公众赞同修建公路；约82%的地方政府、村委会、企业单位认为修建公路有利于本地区、本村、本单位的经济发展，有利于提高生活水平，改善生活环境。对于修建公路占用土地、拆迁房屋等方面的意见是：73%的人没有意见，他们表示为了国家的利益宁愿牺牲个人的得失；另有27%的人对此有意见，有些人不愿拆迁自己的房屋，还有些人对补偿安置政策不清楚或心有疑虑。
The statistics shoes that 91% of the public support the construction of the highway and about 82% of the local governments, village committees and enterprise believe that it will be beneficial to the economic for them, to the raising of their living standard and to the improvement for their living environment. As to the land acquisition and house demolition, 73% of the them are willing to make contribution to the country by scarifying their personal interests. There are really some people who are not clear or somewhat suspicious about the compensation policies for their resettlement. This group of the people accounts for about 27% and very few people dislike to have their house demolished.
15．在城市同样也依赖汽车运输。在美国所有城市的往返旅客中，96%靠汽车，3%靠公共汽车，1%乘地铁或高架铁路。这些数字不仅仅表明私人汽车在城市旅客流动中的突出作用，而且也显示出行驶在辅筑路面上的胶轮汽车承担着公共运输的主要载荷。
Urban areas also depend on auto transportation. In all the cities of the United States, 96% of the passengers’ trips are by auto, 3% by bus and 1% by subway or elevated railway. These figures not only show the predominate roles of the private cars in the passengers movement in cities, but also show that the rubber-tired wheels traveling on the pavement has carries the major burden of the public transit.
16 陕西省是中国的内陆省份，地处中西部交接区域是连接东部、中部与西北、西南地区的交通枢纽。根据1995年统计，省内公路通车总里程已达39620公里，其中高速公路16公里，一级公路2271公里，二级汽车专用公路70公里，普通二级公路1478公里，三级公路10946公里，四级公路19461公里，等外公路7421公里。公路运输以其迅速、方便、机动、灵活的特点得以飞速发展，成为交通行业中最有活力，发展最快的运输方式。
Shaanxi is an inland province, meeting the central land the west parts of country. It is the communications hub connecting the east and central regions with the northeast and southeast areas of the country. According to the statistics in 1995, the total mileage of highway in service in the province reached 39620 kilometers, among which 16 kilometers were expressway , 227 kilometers were class-one highway, 70 kilometers auto-only class -two highway, 1487 kilometers ordinary class two highway,10946 kilometers class-three highway, 19461 kilometers class-four highway, and 7421 kilometers substandard highway。As the highway transportation is characterized by its rapidity convenience and flexibility, it has been developed at a high speed and become one of the most vigorous and rapid development transportation modes.
17本课题有五个单位共同承担，各单位应本着对委托单位和世界银行负责的态度，相互协作积极配合，按计划完成各自承担的任务，以保证整个项目的顺利实施。
The research project will be undertaken by 5 units. All the participants should live up to the hope of the entrusting and the World Bank, be active and cooperative and finish their share of work according to the schedule so as to ensure a smooth implementation of the whole research work.
18．辅道交通量小，建设工程量也较小。在路线方案中有38.7%公里可利用现有地方道路进行拓宽改造，所以对沿线地区的环境影响较小，而给该地区带来的社会效益是明显的。但是施工的噪声、降尘、安全等应重视，营运期应定期对噪声和大气进行监测。
As there will be smaller traffic volume on the relief road, the quantity of construction works will be smaller. Besides, 38.7% of the works in the route line can be completed simply by widening the existing local roads so the environment impacts on the
route line area will be not great, but social benefits to it will be obvious. Still, noise, falling dust and safety should be paid attention to during the construction period and noise condition and atmosphere should be regularly monitored during the service period.
19 从各地制定的“九五”规划和2010年远景目标来看，随着交通事业的发展，投资环境的改善，第一、二、三产业将有巨大的飞跃，文教、科技、信息、通讯、金融将有巨大的发展，各产业科技含量随之增加。各地区充分注意到在抓经济的同时抓人口的增长因素，始终将出生率和自然增长率控制在7‰左右，不使成为拖累，确保人民生活水平的提高。From the 9th5-year plan and the 2010 long-rang objectives, it is obvious that the traffic development will foster the rapid improvement of investment environment, great leap of the first, second and tertiary industry, culture and communication, finance and trade, hence an increase of technological content of all of them. The government at all levels, while making great efforts to develop their economy, should strictly control the birthrate so as to restrict the natural growth rate to 7‰ . Onl y in this way, can people’s living standards be ensured.
20四川省地处我国西北、西南、华中的结合部，地理位置优越，人口众多，市场广阔，资源丰富，工农业基础雄厚，是一个人才、经济、基础工业极具潜力的大省。是全国生产力由东向西推进不可忽视的前进基地。“九五”国家对长江上游经济开发区的重点就放在四川。有中央对外改革开放政策的支持，原定2000年国内生产总值在1996年业已完成。Sichuan province lies on the joint parts of the northwest, southwest and center regions of the country. It is good in geographic location, great in population, broad in markets, rich in natural resource and firm in agricultural and industrial basis. It's a big province with great potentials in talents, economy and basic industry. It is an important b ase for the country’s productive movement from the east to the west, and the key economic zone in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River during the 9th 5-year plan. With the support from the party Central Committee and policies granted by the central government, the province had already accomplished its GDP in 1996 set for the year of 2000
21．本文针对利用高速公路发展区域经济、提高公路建设间接效益的问题，研究高速公路立体交叉周边区域企业选址的条件，分析比较日、美等国不同类型企业实际选址的特点和要求，探讨如何在立体交叉周遍区域创造条件，从而有目的地知道企业选址以推动相关区域经济发展。
The author in this paper studies the problem of how to gain indirect benefits in the expressway development zones and how to choose suitable sites for enterprises in the interchange surrounding area. Through analysis for the consideration of the Japanese, American and others when they choose sites for different enterprises, the author puts forward his suggestion of how to create conditions in the area so as to direct these enterprises to do the work and promote the economic development in the region.
第二种译法：The author in this paper ，directing against a better use of the regional economy during the expressway development to gain the indirect benefits, discusses the condition for the choice of enterprise sites in the interchange surrounding areas, analyses the original consideration of the Japanese, Americans and others for the different enterprise, and put forward his suggestion of hoe to create condition in the areas so as to direct these enterprises to do the work and promote the economic development in the regions.
22工程师的主要任务是探索新的途径，找出解决问题的新办法以及设计新的装置。在一项工程的研究阶段，工程师通常已找到一个新的途径来做这项工作，并对此加以分析，看看计划是否切实可行，可能的实施情况会怎样。随后就是开发阶段，这是在实验室里做出来的。不同的工程过程也不尽相同，但基本点是一致的。
The main tasks of engineers are to explore new ways, to invent solutions to problems and to (design) new devices. In the research stage of project, the engineers often had found a new way to do the job, and analyze it so as to see how feasible it is and how well it works. Then the development follows. Here the ideas are done in the lab. The process often varies with different project, but the basic point is the same.
23本项目实施后将最大限度地减少省内公路交通事故的数量，降低事故的伤亡和损失程度，对促进本地区公路交通运输事业的发展起到积极的促进作用，对交通事业步入良性，协调发展的轨道十分重要。
After the implement of the project, the occurrence of traffic accidents can be greatly decrease, and the number of injury and death and degree of property loss can be lowered, which will obviously, play an active role in promoting the development of the area’s highway transportation and guiding the highway transportation to a good and coordinate development.
24 由于此项目由世界银行资助，课题的研究及实施的难度较大，涉及的因素和部门也较多，而且其研究的内容和深度迄今为止在国内该领域尚未进行过如此大规模的研究，因此，为确保项目的顺利实施和达到预期的目标，决定在研究工作期间聘请外籍专家给咨询和指导。
This research project is sponsored by the World Bank. As the research and implementation will meet with difficulties, and
involve in the participants of many departments, and as a project with a such large scale and such extensive contents has never been done, so far, in the country, the research group, in order to ensure smoother implementation and easier realization of its goals, has decided to invite some foreign consultants for guidance during the whole research work.
25 1995全市完成国内生产总值713。67亿元，按可比价格计算，比1990年增长1.1倍，“八五”期间年平均增长16%，高于“七五”和“六五”期间的年平均增长率，是历史上全市增长最快的时期。与全国同期增长率相比，还高出4。3个百分点，比全省同期增长率高5。0个百分点。国内生产总值与全省由1990年的16。36%提高到1995年的20。19%，人均国内生产总值7388元，比1990 年平均增长14。7%。比全省平均高出130。8%。截止1994年，国内生产总值在1980年的基础上已实现翻两翻的目标，1995年人均国内生产总值也实现了翻两翻的目标。
The GDP (gross domestic product) of the city gained (reached) 71367 million Yuan, which, in terms of the comparable price, was 1.1 times higher than that in 1990. The period during the 8th five-year plan was a good time in history because there was an annual increase of 16% in GDP, which was higher than that of the year during the 6th five-year plan and the 7th five-year plan. It was also 5.0% higher than that of the whole province and 4.3% higher than that of the whole country in the same period. The percentage of this city’s GDP in that of the province increased from 16.36% in 1990 to 20.19% in 1995. in 1995, the GDP per capita reached 7388 Yuan, which was increased by 14.7% annually and 130.8 higher than the average of the province. By the end of 1994, the GDP of the city had been quadruped on the basis of that in 1980 and by the end of 1995; the GDP per capita was also quadruped.
26 科学技术的发展在很大程度上依赖于经济、政治以及社会发展的种种因素，以至于人们无法对电气工程和电子工程领域的未来倾向做出精确地预测。但是对未来可能会发生的技术倾向则有可能做出一些预测。当然这些预测不可避免会出现两个极端，而未来的事实或许会居之二者中。
The development of science and technology depends so much on such factors as economy, politics and other variables in the social development that it is impossible for people to make accurate prediction of the future trends for electrical and electronic engineering. However, it is possible to discern some technical trends that are expected to occur. Inevitably, there will be two extremes, but the truth is probably somewhere in between.
27 此工程是一个大型工程项目，投资额大，工程任务艰巨，建设环境保障难度大。它是省政府为彻底改善一级公路的交通状况，充分发挥高等级公路的社会效益和经济效益而决定在95年度开始实施的一个重点建设项目。
This project is a huge one that is great in investment, hard to be finished and difficult for environment guarantee. It is the key project the provincial government decided to start in 1995 in order to thoroughly improve the present traffic condition of the first-class highway and fully display the social and economic benefits of high-class highways.
28 可持续发展是一个全新的、全球性的、富有战略意义的发展概念，是人类21世纪的主题。公路交通可持续发展是理想的宏伟目标，要靠具体的微观目标来实现，解决发展与协调的关系，才能达到理想的可持续发展。本文正是从这一角度出发，对公路交通与经济、社会、人口、资源和环境发展进行了尝试性的探讨，以期探索中国公路交通可持续发展之路。
The sustainable development is a new, global and strategic idea and it is the main theme of the 21st century. The sustainable development in highway transportation has its ideal and huge target which can only be realized by achieving all the microscopic goals and by solving the problem of development and coordination. Directed against this, this paper carries out a trial discussion on the relationship between highway transportation and the factors as economy, society, population, resource and environment in the hope of finding a better road to the sustainable development of China’s highway transportation.
Translation Course Part One
1．我妹妹本想在法国再住半年，可我妹夫家的人不同意。
My sister intended (meant) to stay in France for another half a year, but the other members of her family didn't agree
2．我导师花了整整八个小时才将我毕业论文的初稿修改完。
My tutor spent 8 solid hours in revising the first draft of my graduation thesis (dissertation)
3．出于做假药比做真药赚钱多，他们哪能顾及到药是否管用？As they can make more profit from making fake medicines than from genuine medicines, how can the manufacturers care they work.
4．老王在闲聊中的失言引起了那小两口之间的激烈争吵。
Lao Wang’s slip of tongue in their chat resulted (caused) in a bitter quarrel between the couple.
5．既然这样，咱们还是亲自去施工工地解决为好。
As it is, we might as well go to construction site to solve it ourselves.
6．我家隔壁老张的夫人和他的女儿长的一模一样。
Lao Zhang's wife and his daughter, next to me (next door to us), are alike in every way.
7．把自己美貌看得过分的女孩往往学习上较差劲。
The girl too proud of her beauty (beautiful appearance) does poorly in school.
8．这些图片使我想起了多年前在城里打工时的艰苦生活。
These pictures reminded me of the hard life when I did manual work (earned a living) in town.
9．在政府机构改革中，许多人都在费尽心思想得到提拔。
In the structural reforms of the government, a lot of people try every way to get promoted.
10．在那家当保姆时，她除了看小孩，还得收拾屋子和洗衣服。
When she earned her living in the family, she had to do picking up and washing besides looking after children.
11．尽管这件蓝色内衣的款式和那件红色的很相似，但面料差异很大。
Although the blue underwear and the red one are similar in style, they are different in material.
12．社会治安是当前一个深受关注又迫切需要解决好的问题。
The public security is deeply concerned problem that calls for urgent better solution.
13．她接二连三出错的原因是心中有事，不能集中精力工作。
The reason why she made mistakes in a row (one after another) is that she had something to worry about (she was trouble by some thing) and could not concentrate herself on the work.
14．令全世界人人惊讶的是一百多层高的大楼怎么在瞬间就变成了废墟？
To shock (surprise) of the people all over the world, an over 100 stories building became in a ruin in a twinkling (in a instant).
15．这位可怜的姑娘想尽办法来摆脱那些麻烦，可还是不成。
The poor girl tried one way or another to get rid of the trouble but in ruin.
16．人生的工作时间只有三分之一，因为大多数时间是睡眠和做其他事。
The working time accounts for only third of his whole life, for he spends most of it (in) sleeping and doing something. 17．那些男男女女的海外侨胞们一踏上自己的国土就忙着拍照。
As soon as overseas Chinese in the both sexes set foot on their motherland, they were busy (in) taking pictures.
As soon as overseas Chinese in the both sexes set foot on their motherland, they occupied themselves with taking pictures. 18．现在还没决定他退下来后谁将接替这个工作。
It has not been decided who will take over his work after he retires.
19．是中国现代化的总设计师邓小平最早提出一国两制的构想。
It is Deng Xiaoping, the general architect of China’s modernization, who first put forward the idea of one country two systems (one country with two systems).
20．上中班的人白天能做点事，晚上也不太影响休息。The person on the afternoon shift can do something during the day and also has a considerable amount of time to sleep at night.
21．他在南巡时的讲话对后来经济的快速发展产生了很大影响。
His talk (remarks) during his tourism in the south had a great effect on the later rapid development of China’s economy. 22．高级领导与百姓的不同之处就是要有应付各种复杂局面的能力。
The difference between a higher ranked leader and a small potato are that the former should have the ability to deal (cope) with all kind of complicated situations.
23．经过多日的激烈讨论，委员会最后就代表的数目问题达成了协议。
After hot debated for days (After days heated discussion, or hot debate), the committee arrived at (reached, came to) the agreement for the number of the representatives.
24．许多人把老师比作蜡烛，这不是没有道理的。
Many people compare teachers to candles which is a good comparison.
25．那时夫妻分居的很多，他们基本上都是每隔半年见一次面。
At that time, many couples lived apart and so they could only meet each other at intervals of half a year.
26．当听到周总理逝世的消息时，全国各地的人们都十分悲痛。On hearing the premier Zhou passed away, people at every corner of the country (throughout the country) plunged into deep sorrow.
27．随意抽样是保证调查可靠性的重要手段。
Sampling at random is one of the important ways (means, measure) to ensure (guarantee) the reliability of the investigation.
28．我们现在的好日子都应归功于党的改革开放政策。
We should owe the good life what we have achieved to our party’s policy of the reforms and opening-up.
29．既然这事与你毫不相干，你就得想办法来使人相信你是无辜的。
Since the matter has nothing to do with you, you have to think of a method to convince others of your innocence.
30．许多城里的人都羡慕乡间的生活，可真正准备搬去的却寥寥无几。
Many people in the city are longing for the country life, but fewer of them are ready to move out there.
31．一些领导就喜欢讲话，但讲起来从来就抓不住重点。
Some leaders enjoy delivering speeches, but they can not , more often than not, beat the point(get to the point).
32．作为一名高级领导干部，他应该对他的所作所为感到羞耻。
As a high-rank leader, he should be ashamed of what he has done.
33．许多艺术家的杰作只能从整体的角度来欣赏。
The master pieces from many artists can only be appreciated as a whole.
34．分别三十年后，母女俩一见面便大声哭起来。After they were separate for 30 years, both the mother and her daughter burst into tears once (as soon as) they sew each other.
35．刘先生最近很倒霉，竟被一个黄毛丫头利用姿色给骗了。
Mr. Liu has black days recently, for he was deceived (cheated) by a young girl who taken advantage of her beauty.
36．许多顾客抱怨这家餐馆汤不烫但很辣。
Many customers complained that the soup was not hot in temperature but hot in taste.
37．虽然她人在教室，可坐在那儿开小差。
She sat in the classroom absented minded.
38．那伙逮徒在绝望中引暴了大楼，他们也自绝于命。
Those terrorists (bandits, bad eggs) exploded a bomb in the building in despair, and they also killed themselves in it. 39．拿到考卷时，我前几分钟脑子里一片空白，不知道怎么动手。
After I got test paper, I was at loss for the first few minutes and didn’t know where to start (how to start).
40．这个不速之客的出现给热闹的婚宴投下了一个阴影。
The appearance of the unwelcome person cast (throw) a shadow on the hot (stirring) wedding ceremonially
41．他正在讨好这些记者们，因为他害怕那事登在报上。
He is currying favor with the reporters, for he was afraid what he has done will find its way into the newspaper.
42．我和马克约定在电影院碰头，但我没见到他。
Mark promised to meet me at the cinema, but he didn’t show up (appear)
43．车站上大约有几百人在等车，不知道公交公司咋搞的。
There were hundreds of people waiting at the bus stop, we did not know what was wrong with the utility company? 44．就学英语而言，从零开始比有点基础更容易掌握。
As for learning English, it is easier to start from nothing than have A B C of it.
45．许多看起来很健康的人实际上正处于亚健康状态。
Some people who look healthy are actually in sub-healthy conditions.
46．他承认自己错了，所以想找个机会悄悄地把书放回去。
As he admitted his mistake and wanted to get a chance to return the book without being found.
47．口试时，你们要在考官面前尽力地表现得自然点。
During an interview (an oral examination), you should be at ease before the interviewers.
48．我老同学的办公室就在你对面，见她时请代我向她问好。
As the office of my former classmate is opposite to yours, please say hi to her for me (please send my regards to her) when you meet each other.
49．据说今年我校的5546个毕业生要去竞争仅仅4826个岗位。The 5546 graduates from our university were said (known, believed, supposed, reported) to compete for only 4826 positions this year
50．不管受到哪方面的威胁，我们都不能向这些不合理的要求让步。
No matter who threatens us (whom we are threatened be), we should not give a way to these unreasonable demands. 51．考前他悄悄地去了老师家，希望得到有关考试的情况。
He secretly called at the teacher’s home (called on the teacher) in the hope of getting some hints before examine.
52．老板翻遍了所有的地方，就是没找到那份丢失的文件。
The boss looked for the missing file (document) everywhere (high and low), but didn’t (couldn’t) find it.
53．校务会将很快出台今年招聘新教师的条件。
The school board will put forward qualifications for enrolling new teachers.
54．恋爱是盲目的，女孩子在情人面前智商常常是零。
Love is blind, the girls’ IQ if often as low as zero before their lovers.
55．对任何事我们都应该坚持原则，但不能搞的太死。
We should stick on the principles in doing every things (any thing), but it cannot be too rigid.
56．她的性格就是随心所欲地做事，无忧无虑地生活。
She has got a character of doing everything at will, and living a life as it goes.
57．他们准备将这片旧房子推倒给一座高层写字楼腾地方。
They planned to (were going to) pull down these old houses to make room for a high-story office building.
58．除非想点办法，否则下岗的职工就会越来越多。
If we don’t think of a way, there will be more and more laid-off workers.
Unless something is done, more and more workers will be laid off.
If something is not done, more and more workers will be laid off.
Unless we take some effecting measures, more and more workers will be laid off.
59．令人想不到的是现在不养孩子溜狗竟成了一些年轻人的时尚。
It is surprised that not breeding a child but walking a dog has become a fashion to some young people.
60．虽然没了工作，但她也不想在这种老板手下遭此受罪。
Though she has lost her job, she does not expect unkind treatment under the hand of such a boss.
Part Two
61．老人们这种过分勤俭是由于他们那时所生长的环境所致。
The old peoples' being too economical (economic) is due to the environment in which they lived.
62．当我们晓得这次试验结果比预期的要好时，我们才放下了心。
When we knew that the test results were better than (we had) expects we were at ease.
63．经济生活中的败家子从来就不考虑少花钱多办事的理财之道。
The spend thrift (black sheep in the economic life) never know the idea of spending less on doing more things.
64．他新买的房子真大，进去百十来人看起来也很空荡。
His newly bought house is so large that more than (about) 100 people seem to be lost in it.
65．没有什么电视节目能与一本好书相比给人们提供更多的乐趣。
Few(er) TV programs can bring us more pleasure than a good book.
66．由于金融危机的影响，我们老总只得削减他往返美国的次数。
As a result of financial crisis, our boss has to cut down his trips to and from the U.S.A
67．我们这次培训的目的就是以最新的科技知识来武装好我们的高级领导。
The purpose of this training is to arm the leaders at all leaves with the latest knowledge science and technology.
68．你应当教育孩子不要把灯一会儿打开一会儿又关掉，因为这样来回折腾不好。
You need (should) tell your children that it is not good practice to turn on or off lights over and over again.
69．考虑到在路上会耽误一些时间，我们提前十分钟就离开了家。
We left home 10 minutes earlier to allow for some delay on the way.
70．我们不仅要建立一个勤政廉政的政府，而且还要不断地反对行业不正之风。
We will not only build an industrious and honest government, but also persist in fighting against malpractice in all trades.
71．目前最大的一项政治体制改革就是让部分干部带职分流。
At present, one of the greatest structure reforms is to channel some cadres with their original material benefits.
At present, one of the greatest structure reforms is to channel some cadres while still enjoying their original material benefits.
72．除了相貌相似，这孪生姐妹的爱好和举止几乎没有相似之处。
The twin sisters have no common in tastes and manners besides their appearance.
73．她是成名了，但她那一肚子难言之苦向谁诉说？
She does become famous, but to whom can she utter her suffering ?
She became famous indeed, but to whom can she utter her suffering?
74．有时，在冷静下来后，你才能说得清楚自己刚才为什么大怒。
Sometimes, only after you calmed down, can you explain the rage you were in.
Sometimes, only after you calmed down, can you explain why you were in rage.
75．从长远的观点看，关闭长期亏损企业有利于整个国民经济的好转。In the long-term (long run), it is better for the economic recovery of the national to close (shut down) the enterprises operating at a loss for a long time.
76．由于这些教室面朝二环路，过往车辆的噪声常常淹没讲课人的声音。
As the classroom face the second-ring road, the noise from passing vehicle makes the speakers (lecturers, teachers) unheard.
As The classroom face the second-ring road, the teachers can not make themselves by the noise from passing vehicle. 77．对于一个烟瘾很大的人来说，必须要有一个坚强的毅力才能戒除这类坏习惯。
For a heavy smoker (chain smoker), he must have a strong will to get rid off such bad habits as smoking.
78．年幼的孩子，不像某些成年人那样善于自欺欺人，常说的是真话。
The innocent children are more likely to tell truth than some adults who are good at deceiving themselves as well as other. 79．计算机的问世从根本上推动了科学技术的革命和办公的自动化。The invention of computer has fundamentally pushed on the revolution of science and technology and automation of office work.
80．女性在体力上与男性的差别不应该妨碍女性社会地位的提高。The difference between the male and the female in the (their) physical strength should not interfere with the rise of the later's social status.
81．污染、饥饿和核战争是全世界科学家过去、现在和将来一直在消除的三件大事。Pollution, hanger and nuclear war are the three important things that all the scientists in the world fought, are fighting and will fight against
82．尽管他已当上了省级领导，可从来不在老百姓面前摆架子。Though he has become a provincial-leader, he never puts on airs before the public (or us, small potatoes, masses, ordinary people).
83．她自己经常穿得整整齐齐，可家里老是乱七八糟。
She often dresses (or is dressed) herself neatly while her home is in a mess (or at sixes and sevens, in disorder).
84．那女的很会说话，因此到处受到人们的欢迎。
That girl can talk in good taste, so she is popular with people.
85．由于交通事故导致了许多列车晚点，车站的候车室里人山人海。
As the traffic accident resulted in the delay of many trains, thousands of people were delayed (crowed) in the railway station.
86．张艺谋导演的作品给人们留下了深刻的印象以至于他和他们雇佣的演员一样出名。The films directed (produced) by Zhang Yimou leave so deep impression (such a clear mark) on people that he is as famous as the actors he employs. 87．在农村时，我们虽然靠野菜粗粮为生，可谁也没叫一声苦。Though we lived on a coarse food(s) and wild plants (vegetables) in the countryside, no one complained about it (uttered the bitterness).
88．我们步行去图书馆所需的时间与走到教室去的一样。
It takes the same (amount of) time for us to go to the library on foot as to walk to the classroom.
It takes the same time for us to walk to library as to classroom.
89．那小子看起来傻头傻脑的，但心里可有主意啦。
The fellow looks stupid (foolish) but he always has something on mind.
90．在修建高速公路时，我们同样要坚持“质量重于泰山”的这个硬道理。
During the construction of expressway, who should stick to the essential criterion the quantity is as heavy as Mount Tai. 91．老师们一个个都去了合资企业，这教学工作咋办？
Teachers are going the join ventures one after another, how can me manage the teaching work?
92．由于条件越来越严，许多教师都放弃了晋升教授的努力。As the qualifications become more and more rigid many teachers have given up their efforts to be promoted for professors (striving for professors promotion).
93．这一年的基层锻炼为他的顺利升迁铺平了道路。
The one year grass-root practice paned the way for (to) his smooth promotion.
94．据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。
China was reported have launched another man-made satellite again.
China was reported to have succeeded in launching another man-made satellite again.
95．他的聪明就是在不同人面前以不同的方式使人信服他的假产品。
His cleverness is to convince different people of his fake products with different ways.
注：一组句型，warn……of……，inform……of……, charge……of……, cure……of……，convince……of……。96．在联合国大会上，许多国家的代表都呼吁尽快结束对伊拉克的。
At the UN conference, the representatives from many countries appealed for earlier end of the military attack on Iraq. 97．精神上的疾病往往是由于病人生活的圈子太小，或遭受打击所致。
The mental disease is often due to patients' small circle of life or to their sudden attack.
98．一个演员是否优秀并不取决于她的容貌，而在于她的素质和才能。
Whether an actress is excellent or not does not depend on (rely on) her appearance, but by her quality and talents.
99．你写论文必须要有新的见解，不要重复书中的一些过时的理论。You should put some original ideas into your paper and must not repeat some theories from books out of date (that are behind the time, or , that followed the time).
100．两个好朋友整个晚上坐在电视机前慢慢喝茶、聊天。
The two good friends sat in front of TV, talking (chatting) over a cup of tea for the whole night.
101．他本来只想照老师说的那样去做，但实验一开始，他的兴趣就转到别的方向去了。
He intended to do as his tutor said, but when the test began, his attention shift to a different gear.
102．所有的报纸都传递这样一个信息：中东和平进程有望新进展。
All (the) newspapers convey an impression that the peace in the middle east expected to make some new progress. 103．人们常嘲笑他娘娘腔，因为他过分多愁善感。
He is often teased for his being womanish because he is too sensitive (sentimental).
104．她工作得很出色，因而被安排负责这个新成立的高科技部门。
As she exceeded herself in work, she is assigned to take the charge of the newly establish high-tech department.
105．家庭成员之间的正常关系不容忽视，因为家庭问题是造成人们精神压力的一个主要因素。The normal relation among family members should not ignore for the family problem is one of the main factor of mental pressure.
106．她现在的设计比原来的更进了一步，的确无可挑剔，所以我们决定采用。
As her design goes a step further than the former one and is really faultless, we have decided to adopt it.
107．一个当今的工程技术人员必须不断地了解自己所从事的专业领域内的最新进展. A present-day technical worker should keep himself well-informal about the latest development in his own (professional) field.
108．许多国家都在大力发展通信卫星，因为通信卫星能使远距离传送各种图像成为可能。Many countries are developing communications satellite on a large scale which (, for it) makes it possible to transmit all kinds of picture over long distance.
109．一个非常重大的全球性问题是由于人口的增长对于土地的压力在迅速增加。
One of the important (vital) global problems is the rapidly-increasing pressure of population on land.
110．现在人们常常求助于实验室去创造大自然不能为他们提供的东西。
People often turn to labs to create what (something that) nature cannot provide for them.
111．现在无论在大城市还是在小城镇，新建的房子各式各样，大小不一。
No matter where you go, to big cities or small towns, you can see that the new building come in sizes and styles. 112．电的便利之处是它能容易地从发电的地方输送到需要的地方。
The convenience of electricity is that it can be easily transmitted from where it is generated to where it is needed. 113．这台计算机的程序设计得使它能从外层空间广泛收集信息。
The program in the computer is designed to collect widely range of information from out-space.