人大附中高中英语新高考语法一轮复习讲义(16)助动词(be,do,have,shall,will,should)用法知识点总结整理

2021届人大附中高中英语新高考语法一轮复习讲义（16）助动词（be,do,have,shall,will,should）用法知识点总结整理语法笔记第18期——助动词的用法（上）

前面我们学习了可做主语的词类、动词、连词、关系词和

非谓语动词的种类和具体用法，接下来我们主要要学习助动词

和一些易用错的动词的用法

助动词顾名思义就是一种帮助类的动词，英语中称为helping verb或auxiliary，置于动词的前面，使得动词能表

现出时态、语态、疑问句等变化。

例：

I must go home at once. （我必须立刻回家）

May I go home now？(我现在可以回家了吗？）

助动词的种类

助动词的种类

Be (am、is、are、were、have/has/had been)

have (has、had)

do (does、did)

shall (should)

will (would)

can

(could)

May (might)

must

ought to

need

dare

used to

下面先详述be、do、have、will和shall、should等助动词的用法

—— be

之前我们说过be为不完全不及物（系动词），但当be动词接现在分词或过去分词表进行时态或被动语态，此时be动词就称为助动词

be + 现在分词= 进行时

例：He is reading a book （他正在读书）

be + 及物动词的过去分词= 被动语态

例：He was elected chairman.（他被选为主席）

—— have

have/has/had + 过去分词译为“已经……”

现在完成时：He has written the letter.（他已经把信写好了）

过去完成时：I had finished the task before he came （在他来之前我已经完成了这个任务）

——do

do、does和did等助动词可形成下列结构

do、does和did等助动词可形成下列结构

DO Does did +Not+动词原形

例:

He did not see me (他没看见我)

1 didn't know what to do (我不知道要怎么做)

注意：

①任何动词要用not连用形成否定，一定要靠do、does、did再加上not协助，千万千万不可形成这样的句子：

I not love her（错）.而应该改为I don't love her.

②动词前若置not以外的否定词，如：never（从来不）、seldom（不常）、rarely（很少）、hardly（几乎不）、scarcely （几乎不）等，则不需要与do/does/did连用。

例1：He never lived here.（他从未住过这儿）

例2：He seldom sings.（他很少唱歌）

do、does和did可形成疑问句

例1：Did you understand it?（你懂吗？）

例2：Where does he live？（他住在哪儿？）

do、does和did加强语气

即在肯定句的动词前，按时态人称置入do/does/did，再将动词改为原形，此时do/does/did译成“的确”

He loves her.（他爱她）

→He does love her（他确实爱她）

He worked hard.（他很用功）

→He did work hard.（他确实很用功）

do、does和did也可作代动词，用来代替已出现过的动词及其后的其他动词

Did you read this book?（你读过这本书吗）

Yes ,I did.（是的，我读过）

——shall和will

shall和will表“将要”时，之后接原型动词

现在的英语中，表单纯的一般将来时，不论主语为第几人称，都使用will，很少用shall。

例：

I will tell you the truth tomorrow.（明天我会告诉你事实的真相）

He will be twenty the day after tomorrow（后天他就20岁了）

但是在下列结构中仍然使用shall

①征求意见时：shall I……

例. Shall I open the door?（需要我开门吗？）

②请求对方合作时：shall we……

例. Shall we go for a work.（我们散个步，好吗？）

③命令对方时也可用You shall……你必须……

= You must

例. You shall obey the law（你必须遵守法律）

——should用法

should之后接原形动词

should 的主要功能是表示一种义务，译为“应该”，此时等于ought to

例. You should finish your homework (你应该完成你的家庭作业）

在下列结构中习惯上也用should，但有不同的意思

译为“会”和“应当”

下列句型should分别翻译为“会”和“应当”

It is

Natural (自然的)

Proper (合适的)

Right (正确的)

Advisable (恰当的)

Desirable (理想的)

No wonder (无疑的)

that ... should (会)....

例: It is natural that he should get angry (他会生气是很自然的是)

It is proper that one who works hard should be successful (努力的人会成功是合理的)

It is

Necessary (必须的)

Imperative (必要的)

Essential (基本的)

Important (重要的)

Urgent (急迫的)

that ... should (应当)…

例: It is necessary that he (should) finish the work before leaving (他必须在走之前完成这个工作)

Should可以省略，保留后面的原形动词

译为“居然”

下列句型should译为“居然”

It is surprising、amazing that .... should

令人惊讶的是....居然....

例: It is surprising that he should be so kind (令人惊讶的是，他居然这么善良)

It is a pity、a regret Regrettable that .... should

令人遗憾.....居然...

例: It is a pity that he should be so rude (令人遗憾的是，他居然这么粗鲁)

意志类动词如“建议（recommend、suggest、proposed）”，“要求（ask、demand、desire、require、request）”，“规定（rule、regulate）”等之后若有that从句作宾语时，从句中使用should，而should通常予以省略。

例：

He suggested that we （should）leave at once（他建议我们立刻离去）

They demanded that he （should）be quiet（他们要求他安静）

lest译为“以免”，为副词连词，所引导的从句亦使用should，而should也可省略

例：He came early lest he (should) be late

= He came early for fear that he might be late

(他怕迟到来得很早）

If从句若表示与将来状况相反时，应该使用should，表“万一”的意思

If you should be late again,you will spoil the plan

(你要是再迟到，就会破坏这个计划）

在一般过去时中，要用should

I told him that I should be at home that evening

（我告诉他那天晚上我会在家）

should have +过去分词，表示与过去事实相反的语气，译为“早应……”

例：You should have done it earlier (你应该早点做好的）

If you had not helped me, I should have died.（你要是没救我，我早死了）

(完整版)初中英语语法八大时态总结,推荐文档

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小学英语语法：助动词do 的用法 1) 构成一般疑问句，例如： Do you want to pass the CET? 你想通过大学英语测试吗? Did you study German? 你们学过德语吗? 2) do + not 构成否定句，例如： I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批评。 He doesn't like to study. 他不想学习。 In the past, many students did not know the importance of English. 过去，好多学生不知道英语的重要性。 3) 构成否定祈使句，例如： Don't go there. 不要去那里。 Don't be so absent-minded. 不要这么心不在焉。 说明：构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。 4) 放在动词原形前，增强该动词的语气，例如： Do come to my birthday party. 一定来参加我的生日宴会。 I did go there. 我确实去那儿了。 I do miss you. 我确实想你。 5) 用于倒装句，例如： Never did I hear of such a thing. 我从未听说过这样的事情。

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