(英语)英语阅读理解专项习题及答案解析及解析(1)

一、中考英语阅读理解汇编

1．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

On April 26, 2017, a big Chinese ship caught the eyes of the whole world. China's first homemade aircraft carrier （航空母舰） hit the water in Dalian, Liaoning.

The new big ship is China's second aircraft carrier. It was designed in China and built in China, too. It is about 315 meters long and 75 meters wide. That is a bit larger than three soccer fields. An aircraft carrier is like an airport on the sea. It can carry planes and troops to war. Planes fly from the carrier and land back on it, and soldiers work and live on it, too. But building an aircraft carrier is like an airport on the sea. It can carry planes and troops to war. Planes fly from the carrier and land back on it, and soldiers work and live on it, too. But building an aircraft carrier is so hard and expensive. It costs a lot of money and needs a large amount of steel and other special materials. For example, a basic aircraft carrier is made of 60, 000 tons of steel. It also uses complex （复杂的） technologies, including radar, electrics, mechanics and weapons. Finally, it takes years to build one. Today, not many countries own an aircraft carrier or have the ability to build one. China has become the seventh country in the world that can build an aircraft carrier by itself, after the USA, Russia, England, France, Italy and Spain.

（1）In which year did China's first homemade aircraft carrier hit the water?

A. In 2017.

B. In 2016.

C. In 2018.

D. In 2019.

（2）What's the best title of this passage?

A. An Airport on the Sea

B. China Has Bought the Second Aircraft Carrier

C. China's Homemade Aircraft Carrier

D. The Sixth Country to Build an Aircraft Carver

（3）What is not needed to build the aircraft carrier?

A. special materials

B. technologies

C. steel

D. wood

（4）How many aircraft carriers does China have according to the passage?

A. one

B. two

C. three

D. four

（5）How does the writer feel about the homemade aircraft carrier in China?

A. proud

B. worried

C. upset

D. hopeless

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）D

（4）B

（5）A

【解析】【分析】主要讲了中国第一个国产的航空母舰在大连辽宁下水。

（1）细节题。根据On April 26, 2017, a big Chinese ship caught the eyes of the whole world. China's first homemade aircraft carrier （航空母舰） hit the water in Dalian, Liaoning.可知是在2017年，故选A。

（2）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了中国第一个国产的航空母舰在大连辽宁下水，故选

C。

（3）细节题。根据It costs a lot of money and needs a large amount of steel and other special materials. For example, a basic aircraft carrier is made of 60, 000 tons of steel. It also uses complex （复杂的） technologies, including radar, electrics, mechanics and weapons可知材料

有钢铁、特殊的材料和科技。没有木头，故选D。

（4）细节题，根据The new big ship is China's second aircraft carrier.新的大船是中国第二个

航空母舰，所以一共有2个航空母舰，故选B。

（5）细节题。根据On April 26, 2017, a big Chinese ship caught the eyes of the whole world.可

知中国制造的航空母舰吸引了全世界的眼球，所以作者感到骄傲，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题和主旨题常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

2．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Are you afraid of going to the dentist （牙医）? If so, you're not alone.

These fears could just be in our heads, however. According to a recent survey by Martin Tickle, a professor at Manchester University in the UK, the pain isn't felt most of the time in dental surgeries （牙科手术）. In fact. among the 451 interviewed patients, 75％ reported no pain at all during their visits, including situations when they had their teeth pulled out.

Could it be the sound of the drill （钻头）then?

"I found that the sound of drilling can evoke deep worry in dental patients. Actually they don't have any pain." Hiroyuki Karibe, a scientist at Nippon Dental University in Tokyo, told the Guardian.

To find the reason why a drill might bring on a racing heart, Karibe divided the volunteers into low-fear and high-fear groups based on how much they feared a trip to the dentist. Volunteers were played the sound of a drill while their brain activities were watched by a machine.

What Karibe found in the low-fear group was increased activity in the areas of the brain relative to auditory processing （听觉处理）, which means, for these people, the sound of dental drills is no different from other sounds

In the high-fear group, however, the brain area that was activated （激活） was different. It was the area that carries out a number of duties, including learning, feelings and, most importantly, memory. This means that these volunteers not only heard the sound, but they remembered it-they made connections between the sound of a drill and the worry it produced in the past, causing their worry to return.

Understanding how brains reply to the sounds of dentists ' drills could help scientists find ways to make patients more relaxed, according to Karibe, because patients who worry about going to the dentist might keep putting off their visits. But the best way is to keep your teeth healthy.

（1）How does the writer explain that the pain isn't felt most of the time in dental surgeries?

A. By showing facts with numbers.

B. By asking questions one by one.

C. By giving examples group by group.

D. By comparing results of patients.

（2）According to the fourth paragraph, what does the word "evoke" mean in Chinese? A. 减轻 B. 引起 C. 显示 D. 阻止（3）How did the sound of drilling produce different results to the volunteers in the study?

A. It produced some worry in the volunteers in the low-fear group

B. For the low-fear group, it activated the brain area dealing with learning, feelings and memory

C. For the high-fear group, it caused more activities in the brain area relative to auditory processing.

D. It made people in the high-fear group remember their past uncomfortable memories

（4）What is the last paragraph mainly about?

A. How the study might be useful.

B. Some new ways to treat teeth

C. The proper way to treat dental patients.

D. The importance of keeping our teeth healthy.

（5）What's the purpose of the passage?

A. To show us different areas of fear in brains.

B. To introduce us a recent survey by a scientist.

C. To help us have less fear of a trip to the dentist.

D. To make it clear that the sound of drilling is not terrible.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

（4）A

（5）B

【解析】【分析】主要讲了理解大脑对牙医的钻头声的反应可以帮助科学家找到让病人更放松的方法。

（1）细节题。根据In fact. among the 451 interviewed patients, 75％ reported no pain at all during their visits, including situations when they had their teeth pulled out.可知采访了451人，75%说一点不疼，可知用数字说明事实，故选A。

（2）细节题。根据后文To find the reason why a drill might bring on a racing heart可知是发现钻头引起担心的原因，所以意思是引起，故选B。

（3）细节题。根据but they remembered it-they made connections between the sound of a drill and the worry it produced in the past, causing their worry to return可知让他们记住过去的担心忧虑，故选D。

（4）细节题，根据Understanding how brains reply to the sounds of dentists ' drills could help scientists find ways to make patients more relaxed可知理解大脑对牙医的钻头声的反应可以帮助科学家找到让病人更放松的方法，即研究是有用的，故选A。

（5）细节题。根据全文可知主要讲了理解大脑对牙医的钻头声的反应可以帮助科学家找到让病人更放松的方法。，即介绍科学家的一项最近的研究，故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。

3．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Blue Lightning

Sally loved cars more than anything else. This spring she thought of building a go-kart to enter for the Go-Go Race. So she asked her dad for help.

"Well," he said. "How about this: you do some research first and then come back to me with a design."

A week later, Sally brought her notes and drawings to Dad. She named her go-kart "Blue Lightning". Dad looked over her work, thinking. "Well, that's interesting," he said. "Have a try. Just build Blue Lightning as you've designed."

Over three weekends of hard work, Sally turned her design into a real, working go-kart and painted it light blue. Dad asked her to take it for a test drive. Sally agreed.

After she did that, Sally drove back to Dad. "Well," she said. "Now I know why you wanted me to have a test drive."

"Oh, do you?" he said. "Please share."

"When I drove fast, there was a lot of pushback," she said. "I think it's because of the lightning bolt （闪电） shape."

"Very good!" Dad said.

"So, why didn't you tell me about that problem in the first place?" Sally asked.

Dad laughed. "Where's the fun in that? If you give a man a fish, he'll eat for a day. But if you teach a man to fish, he'll eat for a lifetime."

Sally said, "I see. Anyway, designing is half the fun!"

Dad smiled. "Good. Sometimes, learning happens during the process. We learn how to do something right by doing it a few times first and making mistakes along the way."

That encouraged Sally and she worked even harder. When she showed Dad her new go-kart, he nodded with pride.

Finally came the race. Sally wasn't worried about whether she would win—in her mind, she had already won, by building something better than ever before.

（1）Sally thought of building a go-kart to ________.

A. practice driving

B. enter for a race

C. play with friends

D. do some research （2）What did Sally's dad ask her to do after she built the go-kart?

A. To have a test drive.

B. To take a good rest.

C. To give it a cool name.

D. To paint it light blue.

（3）Sally's story mainly tells us that ________.

A. winning a race is important

B. fishing brings us a lot of fun

C. driving experience is necessary

D. learning happens during the process

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要讲述在过程中学习，我们通过做某事数次，然后发现错误，最后学会怎样正确地做某事。

（1）细节题。根据 This spring she thought of building a go-kart to enter for the Go-Go Race.可知她想造卡丁车参加比赛，故选B。

（2）细节题。根据 Dad asked her to take it for a test drive. 造好卡丁车后，爸爸叫她进行测试驾，故选A。

（3）主旨题。文章主要讲述我们通过做某事数次，然后发现错误，最后学会怎样正确地做某事，在过程中学习，故选D。

【点评】细节题和主旨题是阅读理解题中常考题型。细节题要从文中寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

4．根据短文内容，判断句子正误。

If someone says to you: "give me five", do not search your pocket to get five yuan! It will make others laugh! The person's not asking for your money, but your fingers.

In the US, "give me five" or "give me the high five" is a popular gesture （动作）. You can see it often in films or on TV. It means the clapping （拍） of each other's raised right hands together. People do it when they meet for the first time or something happy happens. For example, a student has good marks in exams or wins a lottery ticket （彩票）.If a football team wins a game, the players will give high fives to everyone around to celebrate.

This gesture may come from the old Roman gesture of raising the right arm for the emperor to show respect. This also showed that the person raising his arm did not have a sword （刀） in his hand.

Why not try to give the high five to your friends?

（1）"Give me five" is a gesture to ask for money.

（2）The gesture "give me five" is the clapping of hands .

（3）When you get good grades in your exam, you give your friends high fives.

（4）The gesture started in America according to the story.

（5）The Romans raised the right arm without a sword in his hand for the emperor to show their respect to the emperor.

【答案】（1）0

（2）1

（3）1

（4）0

（5）1

【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了美国的交际用语give me five的含义和由来。

（1）句意：Give me five 是一个要钱的动作。根据The person's not asking for your money,

but your fingers，这个人不是在问你要钱，而是你的手指，可知这不是要钱的动作，故答案为错误。

（2）句意：give me five的动作是拍手。根据It means the clapping （拍）of each other's raised right hands together，可知它意思是一起举起彼此的右手击掌，故答案为正确。（3）句意：当你考试取得好成绩时给朋友一个高举双手的手势。根据 For example, a student has good marks in exams or wins a lottery ticket （彩票）.If a football team wins a game, the players will give high fives to everyone around to celebrate，可知一个学生考试取得好成绩或者赢了彩票，如果一个足球队赢得比赛，运动员会高举双手来庆祝，故答案为正确。（4）句意：根据这个故事，这个动作起源于美国。根据This gesture may come from the old Roman gesture of raising the right arm for the emperor to show respect，可知这个动作来源于古罗马，为了向帝王表示尊敬，故答案为错误。

（5）句意：罗马人手里不拿刀，举起右手臂来向帝王表示尊敬。根据This also showed that the person raising his arm did not have a sword in his hand，这也表明举手的这个人手里没有刀，可知这是为了向帝王表示尊敬，故答案为正确。

【点评】考查阅读理解，注意理解选项意思，去文章找到相应内容，判断正误。

5．阅读理解

Students' Training Center

ENGLISH

Time: Mon, Thurs. & Fri. 8:00 am ﹣ 10: 00 am

Room: 305

Teacher: Mr. Li

Tel: 68882305

DRAWING

Time: Mon., Thurs. & Sun. 8:00 am ﹣ 10:00 am

Room: 406

Teacher: Miss Deng

Tel: 68882406

COMPUTER

Time: Tues., Wed. & Fri. 8:00 am ﹣ 10:00 am

2:00 pm ﹣ 4:00 pm

Room: 608

Teacher: Mr. Hu

Tel: 68882608

SWIMMING

Time: Thurs., Sat.& Sun. 8:00 am ﹣ 10:00 am

3:00 pm ﹣ 5:00 pm

Place: Swimming pool

Teachers: Miss Zhang & Mr. Song

Tel: 68882102

If Xiao Ming wants to learn how to use a computer, he can call the number . A. 68882305 B. 68882608 C. 68882406 D. 68882102

（2）Da Bao wants to learn drawing, then he must go to .

A. Room 305

B. Room 406

C. Room 608

D. Room 604

（3）If you are free on Thursday afternoon, you can go to learn .

A. English

B. drawing

C. swimming

D. Computer

（4）What time is Students' Training Center open every day?

A. 8:00 am-10:00 am.

B. 2:00 pm-4:00 pm.

C. 8:00 am-5:00 pm.

D. 3:00 am-5:00pm.（5）Which of the following is right?

A. Miss Deng and Mr. Zhang can teach you drawing.

B. Mr. Li and Miss Zhang can teach you English.

C. Miss Zhang and Mr. Hu can teach you how to swim.

D. Mr. Hu can teach you how to use a computer.

【答案】（1）B

（2）B

（3）C

（4）C

（5）D

【解析】【分析】大意；这是四则招生广告，介绍了上课时间，地点，授课老师和联系方式。

（1）细节理解题。根据COMPUTER：Room： 608 Teacher： Mr. Hu Tel： 68882608. 可知报计算机课程在608室找胡老师，电话：68882608，故答案选B。

（2）细节理解题。根据DRAWING：Room： 406 Teacher： Miss Deng Tel： 68882406. 可知绘画在406室找邓老师，故答案选B。

（3）细节理解题。根据SWIMMING：Time：Thurs. ，Sat. & Sun. 8：00 am ﹣10：00 am 3：00 pm ﹣ 5：00 pm P1ace： Swimming pool.游泳：时间：星期四，星期六，星期日早上8点到10点，下午3点到5点. 因此，星期四下午可以去游泳，故答案选C。

（4）细节理解题. 根据8：00 am ，可知中心最早早上8点开始，3：00 pm ﹣ 5：00 pm 最晚是游泳馆下午5点结束，故答案选C。

（5）细节理解题。根据COMPUTER：Room： 608 Teacher： Mr. Hu Tel： 68882608. 可知报计算机课程在608室找胡老师他可以教你计算机，故答案选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解能力，细节题是阅读理解题中常考题型。细节题要从文中寻找答案。

6．阅读理解

Tony is a student aged 15. He and his parents are going to travel around Beijing this summer. Below is some information that they have got.

The Palace Museum

Opening hours:

Tuesday—Sunday 8:30 —17:00

（Monday Closed）

Admission: adult: ￥60

student : ￥20

child （under 6）: free

The Summer Palace

Opening hours:

Monday—Sunday 6:30 —18:00

Admission: adult: ￥30

student : ￥15

child （under 6）: free

The Badaling Great Wall

Opening hours:

Monday—Sunday 6:00 —19:30

Admission: adult: ￥40

student : ￥20

child （under 6）: free

Beijing Zoo

Opening hours:

Monday—Sunday 7:30 —18:00

Admission: adult: ￥15

student : ￥7.5

child （under 6）: free

A. The Palace Museum

B. Beijing Zoo

C. the Summer Palace

D. the Badling Great Wall

（2）Tony and his parents can't go to visit the Palace Museum on _____________.

A. Monday

B. Tuesday

C. Saturday

D. Sunday

（3）How much will Tony and his parents pay if they visit the Summer Palace and the Badaling Great Wall?

A. ￥105

B. ￥140

C. ￥175

D. ￥210

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

【解析】【分析】文章大意：托尼暑假想去北京旅游，文章介绍了北京四个旅游景点的营业时间，门票价格等。

（1）细节理解题，根据Tony interested in animals 可知托尼对动物感兴趣，他应该去动物园，故答案是B。

（2）细节理解题，根据Opening hours:Tuesday—Sunday 8:30 —17：00可知故宫周一不营

业，故答案是A。

（3）数字计算题，根据Admission: adult: ￥30； student : ￥15和Admission: adult: ￥40；student : ￥20可知父母加托尼三个人去北戴河需要30x2+15=75，去八达岭需要40x2+20=100，一共需要75+100=175 ，故答案是C。

【点评】考查阅读理解，本文涉及到了细节理解题和数字计算题，细节理解题比较简单，可以直接从文章中找到答案，数字计算题则需要根据文章中的数字进行必要的计算得出结果。

7．阅读理解

Is there intelligent（有智力的） life on other planets? For years, scientists said "no" or "we don't know". But today this is changing. Seth Shostak and Alexandra Barnett are astronomers （天文学家）. They believe intelligent life exists（存在） somewhere in the universe. They also think we will soon contact these beings（人生物）.

Why do Shostak and Barnett think intelligent life exists on other planets? The first reason is time. Scientists believe the universe is about 12 billion years old." This is long enough for other planets to have intelligent life," say Shostak and Barnett. The second reason is size-the universe is huge." Tools like the Hubble Telescope（哈勃望远镜） have shown that there are at least 100 billion galaxies," says Shostak. "And our galaxy, the Milky Way, has at least 100 billion stars.

Some planets going around these stars might be similar to the Earth."

In the past, it was hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe. But now, powerful telescopes（高倍望远镜）allow scientists to discover smaller planets-the size of Mars or the Earth-in other solar systems. These planets might have intelligent life.

Have beings from space already visited the Earth?" Probably not," says Shostak. "It's a long way away. However, intelligent beings may contact us in other ways, such as radio signals（信号）. In fact, they may be trying to communicate with us now, but we don't have the right tools to receive their messages. However, this is changing. By 2025, we could make contact with other life forms in our universe and we might help each other."

（1）Seth Shostak and Alexandra Barnett are .

A. astronomers

B. farmers

C. singers

D. drivers

（2）What is the best title for Paragraph 2?

A. The Age and Size of the Earth

B. Our Galaxy; The Milky Way

C. Why Intelligent Life Might Exist

D. The Earth: The Only Planet with Intelligent Life （3）Why was it hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe in the past?

A. Because there were not any smaller planets.

B. Because there were not any powerful telescopes.

C. Because the astronomers were not interested in them.

D. Because the Milky Way didn't exist at that time.

（4）Why haven't beings from space visited us yet according to Shostak?

A. Because they're afraid of us.

B. Because it's a long way away.

C. Because they don't want to see us.

D. Because they don't know how to use radio signals.（5）What does the underlined phrase "life forms" in the last paragraph mean?

A. Messages.

B. Tools.

C. Intelligent beings.

D. Radio signals.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）B

（4）B

（5）C

【解析】【分析】主要讲了天文学家认为其他星球存在有智力的生命的原因及发现。（1）细节题。根据Seth Shostak and Alexandra Barnett are astronomers（天文学家）.可知他们是天文学家，故选A。

（2）细节题。根据Why do Shostak and Barnett think intelligent life exists on other planets?可知主要讲了其他星球存在有智力生命的原因，故选C。

（3）细节题。根据In the past, it was hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe. But now, powerful telescopes（高倍望远镜）allow scientists to discover smaller planets-the size of Mars or the Earth-in other solar systems.可知过去寻找有智力的生命是困难的原因是没有高倍望远镜，故选B。

（4）细节题。根据Have beings from space already visited the Earth?" Probably not," says Shostak. "It's a long way away.可知其他星球生命没来拜访我们的原因是还有很长一段路，故选B。

（5）细节题。根据全文可知主要讲了其他星球的有智力的生命，所以生命形式指的是有智力的生命，故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。

8．阅读理解

Art Training Course

Do you want to get $ 75~$ 200 each hour? You will get good jobs if you spend only a week on our courses about ads, TV programs, films and fashion.

Website: www. awardmakeupschool. com

Telephone number: 310—364—0665

Teaching English Overseas

A 4-week language course is offered monthly in Prague. It's helpful for you to get good jobs around the world.

Cost: $ 1,300 per month

Website: https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e118523863.html,

Looking for a Roommate

I'm Mary. I have a house with three bedrooms. There are many things in it, like a TV, a

washing machine and a fridge. You only need to pay $ 200 for it each month. And it includes the cost of surfing the Internet. There are two rules for you to obey: You mustn't make lots of noise in the house and you must keep the house clean.

E-mail: www.room.to.rent@hotmail. com

A. $75

B. $ 200

C. $ 1,300

D. $ 2,600

（2）Mary's house provides the following things EXCEPT __________.

A. a computer

B. a TV

C. a fridge

D. a washing machine

（3）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. The cost of the art training course is $ 75 each hour.

B. People should pay $ 1,300 for the language course each week.

C. If you often surf the Internet, you'd better not rent Mary's house.

D. People who want to live in Mary's house should pay $ 1,200 half a year.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）D

【解析】【分析】（1）细节理解题。根据文中的表格二Teaching English Overseas A 4-week language course is offered monthly in Prague．It's helpful for you to get good jobs around the world．Cost：1300per month可知学习英语每个人每个月1300元，两个月就是2600元，故选D。

（2）细节理解题。根据文中的表格三There are many things in it，like a TV，a washing machine and a fridge．可知房子里有电视，洗衣机和冰箱，没有提到电脑，故选A。

（3）细节理解题。根据文中的表格三You only need to pay 200for it each month可知一间卧室月租是200，半年就是200X6=1200，所以要想成为玛丽的合租室友，半年要付1200，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文主要考查细节理解题，首先仔细阅读文后的问题，弄清问题的大意；然后带着问题阅读短文，抓住关键信息，选择正确答案。

9．阅读理解

Schools in the UK are cutting time spent on PE lessons because of exam pressures. Secondary school teachers said that older teenagers were especially likely to miss out, because the time spent on physical education for 14-16 -year-olds had fallen in the past five years.

Teachers said that increased pressure to produce exam results was leading to children being pulled out of PE lessons. One in three said exam pressures were behind the decline, and they said subjects such as English and Maths had been given more time at the cost of PE.

Almost all of the teachers from the 487 schools said PE should be more valued for its advantages to young people. Mental health experts also warned that cutting down on exercise could increase children's mental health problems. Cal Strode, spokesman for the Mental Health Foundation, said cutting PE time would be "short-sighted and dangerous". He said, "It is worrying to hear that PE is being cut at a time when students are facing problems with stress and anxiety

in increasing numbers. There's a close relationship between mental and physical health."

Tom Madders, director of campaigns at charity Young Minds, said, "Schools' cutting down on physical education because of exam pressures is worrying. Schools that value health also do better in study, so it makes sense to keep good health, rather than putting children under more pressure."

Rising exam stress has been raised as a problem by experts who warn that children are under greater pressure because of a competitive jobs market. Ali Oliver, an expert, said, "The PE is good for physical and mental health. So cutting down physical education time is depriving young people of these advantages at a time when they need them most."

（1）What do we know about the text?

A. Schools that value health do worse in study.

B. Good physical health is good for mental health.

C. Many teachers don't realize the importance of PE

D. Children in the UK have serious mental problems.

（2）_______ said that Cutting PE time would be "short-sighted and dangerous".

A. The teachers in the UK.

B. Tom Madders

C. Cal Strode

D. Ali Oliver （3）According to the text, the exam pressure is from ______.

A. future work

B. poor mental health

C. parents' expectations

D. schools' requirements

（4）Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A. The importance of physical education

B. Teachers' support of getting more PE time

C. The serious problems of education in the UK

D. Schools' cutting down PE time for exam pressure

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍了学校因为考试的压力减少体育课的时间，以及减少体育课带来的问题。

（1）细节题。根据Mental health experts also warned that cutting down on exercise could increase children's mental health problems There's a close relationship between mental and physical health." 可知身体健康对心理健康有好处。故选B。

（2）细节题。根据 Cal Strode, spokesman for the Mental Health Foundation, said cutting PE time would be "short-sighted and dangerous".可知，故选C。

（3）细节题。根据 Rising exam stress has been raised as a problem by experts who warn that children are under greater pressure because of a competitive jobs market.可知考试的压力是来自于竞争激烈的就业市场，故选A。

（4）主旨题。根据文章内容，本文主要介绍了学校因为考试的压力减少体育课的时间，

以及减少体育课带来的问题。故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。细节题和主旨题都是常考题型。细节题要注意细节从文中找答案；主旨题需要通读全文了解大意之后找出中心思想。

10．阅读理解

Public holidays in the United States

Dates Official Names Remarks

January 1New Year's

Day It celebrates the beginning of the year. Festivities include counting down to midnight on the preceding night, New Year's Eve, even with fire-work display and party.

Last Monday Memorial Day It honors the nation's war dead from the Civil War onwards, and

marks the beginning of the summer season.

July 4Independence

Day It celebrates the signing of the Declaration of Independence（独立宣言）from British rule, also called the Fourth Day of July. Firework celebrations are held in many cities throughout the nation.

First Monday in September Labor Day It celebrates the achievements

of workers and the labor movement；marks the unofficial（非官

方的） end of the summer season.

Second Monday in October Columbus Day It honors Columbus, traditional discoverer of the Americas. In some areas it is Second, also a celebration of Italian culture.

（Traditionally October 12）.In some states, it is celebrated

as"Indigenous（土生土长的）People's Day"as a celebration of

the Native Americans, not Columbus.

Fourth Thursday in November Thanks-giving

Day

Traditionally it celebrates the giving of thanks for the autumn

harvest. raditionally it includes the sharing of a turkey dinner.

Traditional start of the Christmas and holiday season.

（1）Memorial Day is .

A. on May 30

B. to honor the Givil War

C. on last Monday in May

D. at the end of the summer season

（2）Which day is to honor the discoverer of the Americas?

A. Labor Day.

B. Columbus Day.

C. Thanksgiving Day.

D. Independence Day.（3）Traditionally Thanksgiving Day is a day of thanking for .

A. parents

B. god

C. the autumn

D. the autumn harvest （4）Which holiday is in September?

A. Memorial Day.

B. Columbus Day.

C. Labor Day.

D. Independence Day.【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文介绍了几个美国节日。

（1）推理题。根据 Last Monday 和 and marks the beginning of the summer season. 可知纪念日在5月份最后一个周一，故选C。

（2）细节题。根据 It honors Columbus, traditional discoverer of the Americas. 可知哥伦布日向美洲的发现者致敬，故选B。

（3）细节题。根据 Traditionally it celebrates the giving of thanks for the autumn harvest. 可知，传统上，它庆祝对秋收的感谢，故选D。

（4）细节题。根据First Monday in September 可知劳工节在九月的第一个星期一，故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。

11．根据短文内容，判断句子正误。

Dear Dr. Manners,

My close friend seldom says "please". She will say "Can you get me that bag?" or" Move it over there!" I have told her a lot of times that it is polite to use "please" and "thank you", but she hardly remembers. I feel that she is ordering me around without "please", and I always get angry. We have been close friends for over 10 years. It seems that I can't stand it any more. What should I do? Can you help me?

Sincerely,

Hawkins Dear Ms Hawkins,

When your friend docs not use polite words, it seems that she is ordering you to do something. So you have right（权利） to hate her behavior.

Ask her why she doesn't use "please" or "thank you". Explain to her that it makes you feel uncomfortable. Also, you don't need to do anything for her because she doesn't seem kind or pleasant when she asks you to.

Maybe your friend was not taught how to use "please" or "thank you" in the normal conversation. So you can try to teach her that. Remember it is difficult to find another close friend if you lose one.

Best regards,

Dr. Manners （1）Ms Hawkins doesn't know how to use "please" or "thank you".

（2）Ms Hawkins got to know her friend more than ten years ago.

（3）Dr. Manners thinks Ms Hawkins has right to hate her friend's behavior.

（4）Maybe Ms Hawkins' friend doesn't know the right way of talking in the normal conversation.

（5）Dr. Manners advises Ms Hawkins to break up （绝交） with her friend.

【答案】（1）0

（2）1

（3）1

（4）1

（5）0

【解析】【分析】文章大意：主要讲述了霍金斯女士对医生讲了她对于朋友的一些不礼貌行为的烦恼，并请求帮助。

（1）根据第一封信的内容中的“My close friend seldom says ‘please’.”以及“I have told her a lot of times that it is polite to use ‘please’ and ‘thank you’, but she hardly remembers.”可知是Ms. Hawkins的朋友不知道如何使用“please”和“thank you”而不是Ms. Hawkins，故选错误。（2）根据第一封信的内容中的“We have been close friends for over 10 years”可知。十多年前，霍金斯认识了她的朋友。故选正确。

（3）根据第二封信的内容中的“it seems that she ordering you to do something. So you have right（权利）to hate her behavior.”可知礼仪博士认为霍金斯女士有权讨厌她朋友的行为。故选正确。

（4）根据第二封信的内容中的“Your friend was probably never taught how to use ‘please’ or ‘thank you’ in normal conversation.”可知也许霍金斯女士的朋友在正常的谈话中不知道正确的说话方式。故选正确。

（5）根据第二封信的内容中的“Remember it is difficult to find another close friend if you lose one.”可知Dr. Manners并没有建议Ms. Hawkins和她的朋友绝交。故选错误。

【点评】考查理解判断题。审读题目，找出相关的依据。读懂短文内容再读题目，把握每一个待判定句子的含义，通过寻读法在原文中找出每一个问题相关的段落与词句，然后依据短文内容对试题所给出的句子进行是非判断。

12．阅读理解

In some western countries, a gap year（空档年）is regarded as a special celebration for teenagers. They think it is a necessary process for teens to develop into adults. Then what's a gap year？It's a short break from study for a year or less. It's normally between high school and university. During the gap year, the students usually take a break from their school education to travel, volunteer, study or work.

There are some reasons why students might want to take a gap year. They usually think it is a chance to get professional or personal experience. Some common reasons to take a gap year include：

★Open their eyes.

★Make international friends.

★Make some money.

★Get useful work experience and key skills.

Although teenagers can benefit from（从……获益）the gap year activities, there are many disadvantages. The parents are worried. Here are the reasons why parents disagree with the idea of taking a gap year.

★It may cost a lot of money to organize.

★They may get hurt or sick during the travels.

★They may simply find that they didn't get the experience they were hoping for.

A gap year is a new experience for not only teenagers but also people who were born in the 1960s. Maybe it's really a good chance for them to experience the retirement（退休生活）in advance（提前）.

（1）A gap year is a special celebration for ___.

A. parents

B. volunteers

C. teenagers

D. teachers

（2）A short break from study refers to（指的是）a certain period of time___.

A. before high school

B. between primary school and high school

C. during high school

D. between high school and university

（3）The second paragraph talks about the___ for taking a gap year.

A. chances

B. reasons

C. suggestions

D. methods

（4）The parents are worried because the students may___ in gap year activities.

A. get work skills

B. make some friends

C. open their eyes

D. get hurt or sick （5）From the last paragraph, we can infer that people who will retire may___ a gap year.

A. be interested in

B. be worried about

C. be disappointed at

D. be nervous about

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）B

（4）D

（5）A

【解析】【分析】本文介绍了西方国家空档年的情况。

（1）细节理解题，根据原文，In some western countries，a gap year（空档年）is regarded as a special celebration for teenagers.在一些西方国家，空档年被认为是一个为青少年而有的特殊的庆祝，故选C。

（2）推理题，根据原文It's normally between high school and university，通常会是在高中和大学之间，故选D。

（3）主旨题，根据原文，There are some reasons why students might want to take a gap year，为什么学生想要一个空档年是有很多原因的，Some common reasons to take a gap year include. 一些普遍的需要空档年的原因包括……可知这段主要讲了需要空档年的原因，故选B。

（4）细节理解题，根据原文They may get hurt or sick during the travels.他们可能在旅行中会受伤或生病，这是父母反对以及担忧的一点，而其他选项都是需要空档年的原因，故选D。

（5）细节理解题，根据原文，A gap year is a new experience for not only teenagers but also people who were born in the19605.Maybe it's really a good chance for them to experience the retirement in advance.一个空档年不仅是对于青少年来说，也对出生在60年代出生的人的来说，是一种新的体验，对于他们来说提前体验下退休可能真的是对于他们来说的一个很好的机会，可知这批即将退休的60年代的人可能对这个空档年会比较感兴趣，故选A。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，词义猜测题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

13．阅读理解

Big data（数据） is lot of sets of information that are put together so they can be used by a computer program. The computer program looks for different kinds of answers or patterns in the data. Big data can have different kinds of information from many sources, such as information that comes from schools, social media sites（社交媒体网站）, companies and governments. One set of data can have people's names and addresses. Another set can have what they like, where they go to school, and how much time they spend on the computer.

Big data can be used in many ways. The government uses it to understand how many people travel on buses or trains. This information is then used to make bus or train systems better. Some schools use big data to understand which children may need more help in class. The teacher can then give certain students more help or support so those students can succeed in school. Companies use big data, too. It helps them understand who buys their products. For example, one company uses weather data to see when people eat the most ice cream.

Big data can be used for good reasons. Some hospitals use big data to predict if a baby who is born too early will get sick. The hospital can then take extra steps to take care of that baby so he, she does not get sick. Big data can also be used for bad reasons. It can be used to predict which kinds of people are likely to break the law or hurt others, even if they have not done anything wrong.

How can big data be used for good and bad things? It is because the computer programs used to look at big data and understand it are written by people. People think a certain way. Because they think a certain way, they build a model of those ideas. These ideas are then used to look at the data. Sometimes, these ideas are helpful for people or businesses. Other times, bad ideas can cause problems for certain groups of people.

（1）This reading is about ______.

A. what big data is and how it is used

B. what schools and hospitals people like

C. where important data is collected and stored

D. how big data is controlled by governments and companies

（2）One company uses weather information to ______.

A. help children in need

B. know when people will visit the hospital

C. find out who tides the bus or train

D. understand when people will need ice cream （3）The main idea of Paragraph 3 is ____.

A. big data can be used for good reasons

B. we can use big data in a number of ways

C. big data can be used for both good and bad reasons

D. we can use big data to stop babies from getting sick

（4）The overall tone （总基调） of this reading is _________.

A. sad and personal

B. personal and scientific

C. informative but silly

D. scientific and informative

【答案】 （1）A

（2）D

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】文章大意：这篇文章主要讲的是什么是大数据以及如何使用它。

（1）主旨大意题，根据文章第一段第一句Big data （数据） is a lot of sets of information that are put together so they can be used by a computer program. 和第二段第一句Big data can be used in many ways.可知，大数据是将许多信息集合在一起，以便计算机程序使用，而且大数据可以以多种方式使用。由此可知，这篇文章主要讲的是什么是大数据以及如何使用它。故选Ａ。

（２）细节理解题，根据文章第二段最后一句For example, one company uses weather data to see when people eat the most ice cream.可知，一家公司使用天气数据来查看人们什么时候吃的冰激凌最多。故选Ｄ。

（３）段落大意题，根据文章第三段第一句Big data can be used for good reasons.和第四句Big data can also be used for bad reasons.可知，大数据既可以用于良性的改善救助，也可以用于预防恶性的行为。故选C 。

（4）推理判断题，这篇文章主要讲的是什么是大数据以及如何使用它。而且文章使用了很多例子，让读者更容易理解。整篇文章具有科学性且信息丰富，具有教育意义。故选D 。

【点评】考查阅读理解，本文涉及细节题、推断题、段落大意题和主旨题常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；段落大意题是通读整段，找出主题句；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

14．根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

Do you think your school rules are boring? Take a look at these rules. No hugging Some schools in Portland and Florida started the rule —No hugging in 2010.

Two years later some schools in New Jersey and Brooklyn made the same rule.

The reason is clear —to avoid "unsuitable interactions （不适当的互动）"

between students.

No bags into the classroom One high school in Michigan doesn't allow bags into the classroom at all. The school asks students to return to their lockers （储物柜）between classes for

their books in order to make sure they are safe in lunchrooms and classrooms.

No Ugg boots （Ugg靴子）

It might get very cold in winter in Pennsylvania, but students there aren't allowed to wear their Ugg boots into class. It's to stop them from hiding things like mobile phones in the boots.

No balls A Toronto school doesn't allow its students to bring any hard balls to school.

Why? A parent was taken to hospital with a concussion（脑震荡）after being

hit by a ball.

（1）When did some schools in New Jersey make the rule "no hugging"?

A. In 2008

B. In 2010

C. In 2012

D. In 2014

（2）Where are the students at Michigan school asked to keep their books?

A. In the lockers

B. In the classrooms

C. In the lunchrooms

D. In teachers' offices.（3）Mobile phones are not allowed into class in _________.

A. one Portland school

B. some schools in Florida

C. one Pennsylvania school

D. some schools in Brooklyn

（4）Who is the reason for a Toronto school's "no balls" rule?

A. A teacher

B. A doctor

C. A student

D. A parent

（5）Where is the material probably from?

A. A newspaper

B. A website

C. A speech

D. A diary

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

（5）B

【解析】【分析】本文介绍几个学校的规则。

（1）推理题。根据 Some schools in Portland and Florida started the rule—No hugging in 2010. Two years later some schools in New Jersey and Brooklyn made the same rule波特兰和佛罗里达的一些学校开始了这项规定——2010年禁止拥抱。两年后，新泽西和布鲁克林的一些学校也制定了同样的规则，可知新泽西的一些学校2012年制定了“禁止拥抱”的规则，故选C。

（2）细节题。根据 One high school in Michigan doesn't allow bags into the classroom at all. The school asks students to return to their lockers ，可知密歇根学校的学生被要求把书放在储物柜里，故选A。

（3）推理题。根据 students there aren't allowed to wear their Ugg boots into class. It's to stop them from hiding things like mobile phones in the boots 那里的学生不允许穿ugg靴子上课，为了阻止他们把手机之类的东西藏在靴子里，可知Pennsylvania 不允许上课使用手机，故选C。

（4）细节题。根据A parent was taken to hospital with a concussion（脑震荡）after being hit by a ball一名家长被球击中后因脑震荡被送往医院，可知多伦多学校“不准打球”规则的原因是因为一位家长，故选D。

（5）推理题。根据Interested? Click（点击） here to read more有兴趣吗？点击这里阅读更多，可知文章来自网站，故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。

15．阅读理解

It's late evening. Sun Tian is using her smartphone do her homework. The 15﹣year﹣old girl from Zhejiang uses an app to read English articles according to her teachers instructions.

These days, it's normal for teachers to give homework on apps. For example, students are asked to practice English or do math exercises. Some teachers also use Wechat chat groups to give homework. Bu now, Zhejiang province is moving to ban（禁止）teachers from giving homework on mobile apps because they worry about students' eyesight. More than 70 percent of middle school students in China are found to be nearsighted, according to the World Health Organization. Using mobile phones for long periods of time is bad for our eyes.

Do students like to do their homework on their phones？Zhang Hua, a 13﹣year﹣old boy from Fujian, said he doesn't. "Sometimes the apps can't recognize what I'm reading in English. I have to work on them for a long time to get a high score, "he said. He said his eyesight has gotten worse since he started using apps to do his homework.

However, Wang Xidi, from Anhui, 15, enjoys doing homework on apps. "The apps have big databases（数据库）of math exercises！And I can revise（修改）my answers easily, "She said. "But the bad part is that I can't help playing with other apps while doing my homework."

Zhou Tianyi, 12, from Sichuan, also thinks it's fun to do homework with apps. Her teachers ask their students to dub（配音）English videos and make their own short videos. "But if I have too much other homework to do, I feel like it's too much for me to finish, "she said.

（1）From Paragraph 2, we know that .

A. all teachers must give homework on mobile apps

B. it's unusual for teachers to give homework on apps

C. using mobile phones for a long time is bad for our eyes

（2）Wang Xidi while doing her homework on apps.

A. can't play with other apps

B. often plays with other apps

C. doesn't play with other apps

（3）According to the passage, doesn't like to do homework on apps.

A. Zhang Hua

B. Wang Xidi

C. Zhou Tianyi

（4）The text is most probably from .

A. an ad

B. a newspaper

C. a story book

（5）What's the best title of this text？

A. Protecting our eyes

B. Playing games on a phone

C. Doing homework on a phone

【答案】（1）C

（2）A