高考情态动词讲解

情态动词

考点一：情态动词表示能力

1.表现在的或一般的能力：can/be able to

can比be able to使用得更普遍。

can侧重指有能力做某事; be able to更强调通过努力、克服困难做成某事。

例题：A computer can't think for itself；it must be told what to do.

He is a native speaker of English, so he can of course speak English quite well.

2.表示将来的能力：will be able to

例题：If you have a good sleep，you will be able to work out this problem. 如果你睡个好觉，你就能做出这道题。

3.表示过去的能力：could/was(were) able to/could have done

could表示过去一般的能力，即不表示做或未做某事；

was (were) able to do则表示过去有能力并且成功地做了某事,相当于managed to do sth./succeeded in doing sth.

Could have done 表示过去有能力做但未做；

例题：The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.(过去有能力做并且成功做成了)

I could have worked out the question, but I was too nervous.(本来有能力做但未做)

考点二：情态动词表示推测(可能性)

可能性可分为客观的(理论的)可能性和具体事情实际发生的可能性。

1.客观的(理论的)可能性指并不涉及具体某事是否会发生，此种用法常常可以说明人或事物的特征。

can用于肯定句中表示客观的(理论的)可能性，can用于疑问及否定句中则表示实际发生的可能性。

Accidents can happen on such rainy days.(客观的可能性)

We may go to the cinema tonight, but we are not sure yet.(实际的可能性，不用can)

2.表示具体事情实际发生的可能性：

这些词后接动词原形是对现在事情的推测后接完成式则表示对过去事情的推测；其中can, may/might, should, ought to, must有时还可接进行时表示对现在正在进行的事情的推测。

can还可用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中,表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思；

could既可用于肯定句又可用于否定句、疑问句中；

ought to和might表示推测时，并不一定表示过去，而表示可能性弱于他们相应的现在时形式。

例题：She might not be in the company.She told me she would go to Shanghai.

她可能不在公司，她告诉过我要去上海。

Can he have gone to Wuhan?

他有可能去武汉了吗？

What can he be doing at this moment?

这时候他会在做什么？

She can't be telling a lie.

她不可能在说谎。

Your mother may be waiting for you to return home.

你妈妈可能正等着你回家呢。

They must be following us just a little behind us.

他们肯定在离我们不远处尾随着我们。

You should be doing your exercises instead of watching TV.

现在你该做作业而不是看电视。

3.在肯定句中表推测（must/have to, should/ought to, may, might, could）(1)当说话者表达怀疑或犹豫之意时，需用may, might, could, 其中could, might, 比may 所表达的怀疑或犹豫之意更强。

例题：That may be our taxi now!

That could/might be our taxi (但我有所怀疑)

(2)当说话者表达毫无怀疑的结论时，用must 或是have to 意为“一定，肯定”

Should和ought to 表示推测出合乎情理的情况或结果，意为“按说应该”

例题：He must/has to be the wanted man: he’s exactly like the one in this picture.他一定是受通缉的那个男人：他和照片上的人一模一样。

He ought to/should be here on time---he started early enough.

他应该按时到这里---他出发的够早的。

4.在否定句中表推测（may not, might not, shouldn’t, can’t）

否定语气较弱时用should no(恐怕不会)，may not, might not(可能不，也许不)

否定语气较强时用can’t, couldn’t

Don’t worry. Your father may not have been hurt seriously.

别急，你父亲也许伤的不严重。

There shouldn’t be any difficulty in getting you a visa.

给你弄个签证应该不会有什么困难。

考点三：情态动词表示请求、允许、允诺、命令、禁止

1.表示征求对方的意见或提出建议时, shall可以用于第一、第三人称的疑问句, will和would用于第二人称的疑问句. 分别构成：Shall

I/we/he/she/they...？或Will(Would)you(please)．..?

—What's the name?

—Khulaifi. Shall I spell that for you?

2. could/would可以用于疑问句表示请求, 使语气更加委婉, 但其回答语不能再用could/would来回答。

—Could I borrow your dictionary?

—Yes，of course you can.

3. shall也可用于第二、第三人称的肯定句和否定句中, 表示说话者命令、警告、允诺或威胁的语气；shall也可用于第二、第三人称表示法律、规定等。

—What does the sign over there read?

—“No person shall smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in

this area.”

4. can和may都可表示许可, 但can较随便, may更正式。

Can I use your computer?

我用一下你的电脑可以吗？

May I have a look at your driving license please，sir?

先生，我可以看一下你的驾照吗？

考点四：情态动词表示必要性

现在或将来必须做某事：must/ have to +do sth.

现在或将来不必做某事：don’t have to do sth.

needn’t do sth.

过去没必要做某事但做了：needn’t have done sth.

过去没必要做某事也未做：didn’t have to do sth. didn't need to do sth.或It was not necessary to do sth.

过去本应该做：should have done

must常用来表示必要性，意为“必须”；should，ought to也可表示必要性，意为“(义务上)应该”，在语气上比must“必须”弱。

表示禁止，则要用mustn't或shouldn't，意为“不应该”。

The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we needn't go to work tomorrow.

Johnny, you mustn't play with the knife；you may hurt yourself.

考点五：情态动词表示意愿

will和would都可表示意志、意愿和决心；

will还可表示现在的一种习惯、倾向或趋势；

would则可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向；

used to也表示“过去常常”, 但它暗含“现在不再”之意。

注意：would 和used to 都可以表示对过去的习惯，但前者表示过去反复的动作，常与every day , often , frequently 连用。

后者表示过去的状态或过去的习惯，现在已经不存在。

I will never do it again.

They asked us if we would do that again.

Without water, fish will die.

During the vacation, he would visit me every week.

考点六：“情态动词＋have done”都表示对过去事情的推测或意愿。其具体用法见下表：

考点七：情态动词的其他用法

1. cannot but＋do sth.相当于have no choice but to do sth.或can not choose but do sth.，表示“不得不，只好做某事”。

2.“may/might well＋动词原形”是一种常用结构, 意为“完全能，很可能”, 相当于to be very likely to。

He may well be proud of his son.

他大可为儿子感到自豪。

Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize her.

她的模样变化太大，你很可能认不出她了。

3.“may/might as well＋动词原形”意为“最好, 满可以, 倒不如”,

相当于had better do sth..

You may as well do it at once.

你最好马上就做这件事.

We may as well stay where we are.

我们留在现在的地方倒也不错.

cannot(或never等否定词)与enough、too、too much连用表示“再……也不为过”.

4. may可以用于祈使句, 表示祝愿.

May we never forget each other.

愿我们彼此永不相忘.

May you return in safety.

愿你平安归来.

5. should可以用来表示惊讶、失望等情绪，意思是“竟然；竟然会”. It seems so unfair this should happen to me.

它发生在我身上似乎很不公平.

6. must表示“偏要、硬要”做某事，表示虽不情愿但也许可. —How old are you，madam?

—If you must know. I'm twice my son's age.

7. why/how＋should结构表示说话人对某事不能理解、感到意外、惊异等意思，意为“竟会”.

Why should you be so late today?

你今天怎么来得这么晚？

How should I know?

我怎么会知道？

8. need和dare的用法

need和dare两者既可用作情态动词也可用作行为动词。

作行为动词时，有人称和数的变化，可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句，构成否定和疑问句时要加助动词do，does，did；

作情态动词时，没有人称和数的变化(dare的过去式是dared)，直接接

动词原形，多用于否定句和疑问句中，构成否定句和疑问句时不用加助动词。

dare作行为动词用于否定句和疑问句时，后面的to也可省略，dare 还可用于条件句中；

need作行为动词时，还可表示“需要”，后接动名词的主动形式表示被动含义。

He needn't go now.

＝He doesn't need to go now.

He didn't dare(to)do that.

＝He dared not do that.

Your room needs cleaning.

＝Your room needs to be cleaned.

解题技巧

1.情态动词主要表示说话人的语气或情感，所以我们在解答此类试题的时候，一定要注意说话者的语气，要结合具体的语境来分析和判断。考,例—I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.

—It __________true because there was little snow there.

A. may not be

B. won't be

C. couldn't be

D. mustn't be

答案与解析：C本题考查情态动词表推测的用法。根据语境there was little snow there表明对方所说的他们去山里滑雪这件事是不可能的。在表示“不可能”时，can't的语气比may not强，故选C项。

2．注意“情态动词＋have＋done”的结构，它是历届高考试题中的重点，所以我们一定要牢固地掌握不同情态动词用于此结构所表达的不同含义。

例—Was he present at the meeting?

—He___not have attended it，for he was busy repairing his computer all the time.

A. can

B. might

C. should

D. must

答案与解析：A本题考查“情态动词＋have＋done”表对过去推测的用法。根据语境he was busy repairing his computer all the time可推断他不可能参加这次会议，表示“可能”用can或might，但can的可能性大于might。

错解分析

1.同类词语意义不清

考例1I should have been there，but I________not find the time.

A. would

B. could

C. might

D. should

答案与解析：B分析题意可知第二个分句表示过去的某种能力，故本题选B项。

错因分析：C项只表示语气上的可能性，与题意不符。

考例2I often see lights in that empty house.Do you think I________report it to the police?

A. should

B. may

C. will

D. can

答案与解析：A句意：我经常看到那座空房子里有灯亮。你认为我应该把这件事向警局报告吗？should和will分别用于第一人称和第二人称疑问句，表示征询意见。

错因分析：同类词语用法不清楚。can/may用于疑问句则表示请求允

许。can多用于口语中，may较正式。

2．语境理解错误

考,例—Is John coming by train?

—He should，but he________not.He likes driving his car.

A. must

B. can

C. need

D. may

答案与解析：D come，go，leave，start等趋向动词的进行时表示将来时，所以答语是对这一将来动作作出的推断。may not“可能不，不一定”，根据He likes driving his car.可以看出John可能乘火车来，也可能自己开车来。may not正好符合这一语境。must not“不准”；can not“不可能”；need not“不必”。

错因分析：语境理解错误。容易错选B项，但can not表不可能。

考题对接

Ⅰ.高考题

1．(2009·四川)—I don't care what people think.

—Well, you ________.

A．could B．would

C．should D．might

答案与解析：C句意：——我不在乎人们想什么。——不对，你应该在乎。根据语境，后半句中省略了一些与前句相同的内容。该题目实际上考查了情态动词的用法。should用以表示义务或责任，如：You shouldn't drink and drive.你不应该喝酒后开车。

2．(2009·北京)One of the few things you ________ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.

A．need B．must

C．should D．can

答案与解析：D句意：对英国人，你能确定的几件事情之一就是他们经常谈论天气。need需要；must必须；should应该；can能够，根据语境D项合适。

3．(2009·安徽)Some people who don't like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they ________ just be quiet people.

A．must B．may

C．should D．would

答案与解析：B句意：一些不喜欢多说话的人不一定就害羞，他们可能只是安静的人。

4．(2009·辽宁)The traffic is heavy these days, I ________ arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place?

A．can B．must

C．need D．might

答案与解析：D句意：这些天交通很拥挤。我可能迟到，因此请给我留个位子好吗？四个选项中，只有might表示“可能”，用于肯定句。

5．(2009·全国Ⅱ)I can't leave. She told me that I ________ stay here until she comes back.

A．can B．must

C．will D．may

答案与解析：B句意：我不能离开。她对我说过，我得在这里待到她回来。选项A表示能力或许可；选项B表示必须；选项C表示将要；选项D表示可以。根据语境可知，选项B合适。6．(2009·江苏)He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he ________ it differently.

A．could express

B．would express

C．could have expressed

D．must have expressed

答案与解析：C根据语境知道，后半句表示对过去某种情况的揣测，所以首先排除A和B两项。另外，C项表示“本能够做某事，而没有做”；D项表示“过去一定做过某事”。根据语境，知C项合适。7．(2009·浙江)The doctor recommended that you ________ swim after eating a large meal.

A．wouldn't B．couldn't

C．needn't D．shouldn't

答案与解析：D句意：医生建议说在吃过饱饭后不要游泳。recommend作“建议”解，后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词为“should (not)＋动词原形“。

8．(2008·浙江)You ________ be hungry already—you had lunch only two hours ago!

A．wouldn't B．can't

C．mustn't D．needn't

答案与解析：B句意：你不可能(现在就已)饿了——你两个小时前刚吃的午饭。can't＋do表示对现在情况的推测，can表推测，常用于否定句和疑问句中；must表推测只用于肯定句中，mustn't意为“禁止，一定不能”。wouldn't＋do常表示对现在或将来情况的虚拟，needn't do意为“没必要做”。

9．(2008·福建)It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it

________ be rather cold sometimes.

A．must B．can

C．should D．would

答案与解析：B这里的意思是有时天气可能会相当冷。can用在此处表示可能性。must必须，肯定；should应该；would过去常常。10．(2008·天津)She ________ have left school, for her bike is still here. A．can't B．wouldn't

C．shouldn't D．needn't

答案与解析：A此题考查情态动词表示推测意义的用法。句意：她不可能已离开学校，因为她的自行车还在这儿。根据句意可知选择can't, can/could have done表示对过去的推测，常用于否定句、疑问句中。wouldn't have done常表示虚拟。shouldn't have done本来不应该做而做了；needn't have done本来没必要做而做了。

Ⅱ.模拟题

1．(2009·东北三校联考)Why ________ it rain on Sunday? We can't go camping as planned. What a pity!

A．should B．can

C．must D．may

答案与解析：C由句意：为什么星期日偏偏下雨？害得我们不能按计划去野营了，真遗憾！知在抱怨，而must则可表示“非得……；偏偏”，故C项合句意。

2．(2009·南宁适应性测试)—The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wildlife for 13 years before she returned to her country.

— Oh, dear! She ________ a lot of difficulties.

A．may go through

B．might go through

C．must have gone through

D．ought to have gone through

答案与解析：C C项表示“肯定是经历了”。根据句意：在回国前在非洲呆了13年，表示“对过去所发生事的肯定推测”；D项表示“本该做某事而未做，同should have done”。A、B两项不能表达与过去的关系。

3．(2009·扬州调研)—Could I get the passport in 20 days?

—It depends.Anyway，you ________ have my answer tomorrow. A．could B．must

C．shall D．need

答案与解析：C根据It depends.可知不确定。句意：无论能否，你明天就会听到我的答复。表示对对方的承诺。而shall有此用法。could

能够；must必须；need需要。

4．(2009·赣州摸底考试)You________have carried all these parcels yourself. The shop would have delivered them if you had asked them. A．needn't B．mustn't

C．shouldn't D．couldn't

答案与解析：A needn't没必要做而做了，据“The shop would have delivered...”，知选A项。B项中，mustn't不能用于此结构；shouldn't 本不该做而做了；couldn't本不可能却做到了。

5．(2009·成都诊断性检测)—The old people each ________ get a very nice present from our manager on their birthdays.

—Great! It must be a big surprise to them.

A．must B．shall

C．would D．should

答案与解析：B情态动词shall用于第二、三人称时可以表示允诺、命令、威胁、警告、决心等，本题中的shall表示“允诺，许诺”。其他选项用在这里不合适。

6．(2009·贵州适应性考试)—Where is Lily, Lucy? I cannot find her anywhere.

—She ________ have been off long. I saw her clean the window just now.

A．shouldn't B．can't

C．mustn't D．needn't

答案与解析：B据句意应为“不可能”，所以选B项。shouldn't不该做而做了；needn't没必要做而做了。C项无此用法。7．(2009·淄博质检)The public transport in Beijing is very convenient now, so there ________ be any difficulty in travelling around the city. A．couldn't B．mustn't

C．needn't D．shouldn't

答案与解析：D由句意：北京的公共交通很方便。推知下句“因此环城旅行不会困难”。shouldn't(按常理推测)不该。couldn't不可能；mustn't不可以；needn't没必要。

8．(2009·潍坊质检)My mother is a great cook and we ________ never get enough of her cookies.

A．may B．need

C．should D．can

答案与解析：D由句意：……好厨师，她做的甜饼我们永远吃不够。知选can能够，表示推测。may也可表示推测，但语气较弱。9．(2009·西安八校联考)In crowded places like railway stations and

airports, you ________ take care of your luggage.

A．must B．may

C．will D．can

答案与解析：A句意：在诸如火车站和机场等人群拥挤之处，你必须照看好你的行李。must 必须。又如：If you can't finish the book by then, you must come and renew it. 如果到时候你看不完这本书，就必须来续借。

10．(2009·大连模拟)—Did you attend your son's graduation ceremony yesterday?

— I________，but I had to go to an important meeting.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e118587957.html,ed to B．ought to

C．must have D．should have

答案与解析：D据句意应为“该做某事而未做”，句中采用了省略形式，但要保持完成时的助动词have，方可表达此意，故选D项。而C项must不能表达此意。

11．(2009·天津河西区)He ________ back to work without the doctor's permission. Now, he has to stay in bed for a couple of days. A．wouldn't have gone

B．couldn't have gone

C．needn't have gone

D．shouldn't have gone

答案与解析：D由句中后半句“he has to stay in bed for a couple of days.”知“他未遵医嘱”，含有“不该做某事而做了”之意，故选D 项。wouldn't have gone本不会做而做了；couldn't have gone本不可能做而做了；needn't have done本不需做而做了。

12．(2009·宁波两地联考)He ________ the test again; in the case, his mother will be very disappointed.

A．should fail B．must have failed

C．might fail D．could have failed

答案与解析：C句意：他可能考试又不及格；那样的话，他妈妈会很伤心。might表推测，表示不太确定，故选C项。13．(2009·昆明期末)—Shall I book a table for the family reunion dinner ahead of time?

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A．will B．might

C．must D．can

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14．(2009·北京宣武区)—I promised my daughter she ________ get a nice present for her birthday.

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A．would B．must

C．might D．should

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A．couldn't be B．shouldn't be

C．mustn't have been D．oughtn't to have been

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三．Must 和have to的用法

四．Shall，should与ought to

五．Will和would的用法

六．Need 与dare的用法

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