2011届高考英语复习3年高考2年模拟1年高考系列 专题07：介词及介词短语 (教师版)

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3年高考2年模拟1年原创精品高考系列

专题七介词及介词短语

【考点定位】2011考纲解读和近几年考点分布

高考研究介词是英语中比较活跃的词，中学阶段所学的介词有40多个。它与名词、形容词、副词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活，意义丰富。搭配比较活跃的介词主要有in，out，up，down，on，off，to，from，for，over，with等。预测今后高考介词的考查将以介词的固定短语和介词辨析为主。在学习介词时，应重点掌握介词的基本用法，同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。

【考点pk】名师考点透析

考点1 常见介词的活用

by，with，against，over，on，in，at，besides，for等是常考的介词。掌握这些介词的用法和意义、准确把握句子语境是解题的关键。下面是近年高考考查最多的几个介词，应重点掌握：1．over可表位置，意为“在……上方，越过；遮住，盖住”，也可表时间，意为“在……期间，(多年)以来”等，它还有“在……(问题)上，对(某事)”等引申意义。如：

①Y0u can’t wear a blue jacket over that shirt—it’II look terrible．你不能在那件衬衣外面再穿上蓝色的夹克——太难看了。

②We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea．我们一边喝茶一边愉快地交谈。

③We heard it over the radio．我们从广播中听到了它。

2．by的主要意思有“在……旁，靠近；乘(车、船等)；不迟于；到……为止；被，由；根据，按照(关系)；通过……方式”等，还可以用来表示增加或减少的程度。by构成的常见短语有：by and by不久，迟早by and large大体上

by oneself单独by the way顺便说说

by far……得多，最…… by chance碰巧

by accident偶然地by means of借助

by no means绝不，一点也不by mistake错误地

①The water in the river rose by two meters．河水上涨了两米。

②He is an Englishman by birth．他在血统上是英国人。

3．with可以用来表示“带有，拥有；随着；就……来说；用，以；和，与；对于，关于”等意思。with还可用来表示原因。如：

①He turned red with anger．他气得脸变红了。

②The problem with looking into space f rom the earth is that there is a lot of dust in the earth’s air．从地球上观察太空存在一个问题，就是地球的大气中有大量的尘埃。

4．beyond这个词同学们平时接触的机会不是太多，但它却是一个考查热点。beyond表示“(时间)过了，比……晚，迟于；(位置)在……那边，超出……之外；(范围)超过，为……所

不及，超出……的范围”等意思。如：

①They arrived beyond nine o’clock．他们过了9：00才到。

②The book is beyond me．这本书我看不懂。

③Tom is far beyond his elder brother in maths．汤姆的数学比他哥哥的好多了。

典例：(2010高考英语四川卷,5)Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back ______ a big tree.

A. in

B. below

C. beside

D. against

【答案】D

【解析】考查介词。句意为：“累了，吉姆背倚着树，很快就睡着了。”against此处意为：“倚着，靠着”；below“在……的下方”；beside“在……的旁边”；in“在……的里面或时间……之后”。

考点2 介词的固定搭配-

高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用。

1．名词词组：on the contrary相反；in turn依次；in one’s opinion根据某人的看法；off time准时；out of reach够不着

2．动词词组：remind sb of sth提醒某人某事；rob sb of sth抢劫某人的……；restdt from由……引起；call at访问(某地)

3．形容词词组：be curious about对……好奇；be proud of因……而自豪；be popular with受到……的欢迎

4．介词短语：apart from除……Pb；in addition to除……之外(还)；because of因为；instead of代替；in fear of为……提心吊胆；for fear of以免；in case of防备；thanks to由于；in the middle of在……中间；according to根据；in front of在……前面；in return for作为对……的回报；in charge of负责；as a result of 作为……的结果；in exchange for与……交换等

典例：(2010高考英语江西卷,34)Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients ______ name, not case number.

A of

B as

C by

D with

【答案】C

【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：如今有些医院是以姓名来查阅患者的，而不是凭病例编号(去查询的)。by name按姓名．

【三年高考】08、09、10 高考试题及其解析

2010高考英语试题

1.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷,30)In ancient times, people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelled______ the local market.

A. longer than

B. more than

C. as much as

D. as far as

【答案】D

【解析】本题考查介词词组。根据动词travel可判断此处应填关于路程的介词词组，本题即为as far as。as far as远到...

2.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷,25)Sean has formed the habit of jogging______ the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.

A. between

B. along

C. below

D. with

【答案】B

【解析】考察介词的用法，根据句意“Sean已经形成了每天沿着绿荫大道慢跑两小时的习惯”，表示“沿着”时，应该选B。

3.(2010高考英语重庆卷,22)The dictionary is what I want, but I don’t have enough money ______ me.

A. by

B. for

C. in

D. with

【答案】D

【解析】考查介词。I don’t have enough money with me 意思是我没有随身带那么多钱。

4.(2010高考英语北京卷,29)Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are ______ everyone's enjoyment.

A. in

B. at

C. for

D. to

【答案】C

【解析】考察介词。句意为：“不要摘花园里的花好吗？它们是供大家欣赏的。”此处表示目的，“为了”的意思，故用介词for。

5.(2010高考英语浙江卷,7)I guess we’ve already talked about this before but I’ll ask you again just ______. A．by nature B．in return C．in case D．by chance

6.(2010高考英语天津卷,13)My father warned me ______ going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.

A. by

B. on

C. for

D. against

【答案】D

【解析】考查介词。句意为：“我爸爸提醒我不要去西海岸因为那儿游客太多，十分拥挤。”warn sb against sth/ doing sth意为“警告/提醒某人不要做某事”，固定搭配，故选D。

7.(2010高考英语四川卷,5)Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back ______ a big tree.

A. in

B. below

C. beside

D. against

【答案】D

【解析】考查介词。句意为：“累了，吉姆背倚着树，很快就睡着了。” against此处意为：“倚着，靠着”；below“在……的下方”；beside“在……的旁边”；in“在……的里面或时间……之后”。

8.(2010高考英语上海春季卷,25)Were planning to send out a thousand invitations ______ Expovolunteers.

A．over B．in C．on D．to

【答案】D

【解析】考查介词。语意：我们打算送1 000张邀请函给世博会志愿者。send sth to s b意为送某物给某人，据此选D项。

9.(2010高考英语辽宁卷,31)I agree to his suggestion _______ the condition that he drops all charges.

A.by

B.in

C. on

D. to

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定用法。语意为：我同意接受他的提议，条件是他撤销全部的诉讼。on condition that与连词if同义，表示“在……条件下”，后接条件状语从句。根据语意选C项。

10.(2010高考英语江西卷,34)Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients ______ name, not case number.

A of

B as

C by

D with

【答案】C

【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：如今有些医院是以姓名来查阅患者的，而不是凭病例编号(去查询的)。by name按姓名．

11.(2010高考英语江西卷,29)We give dogs time, space and love we c an spare, and ______, dogs give us their all.

A in all

B in fact

C in short

D in return

【答案】D

【解析】考查介词短语。句意：我们抽出时间、空间和爱给予狗，而狗回报给我们的则是它们的全部。in all总共，in fact实际上，in short简而言之，inreturn作为报答。

12.(2010高考英语湖北卷,30)It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money ______ favors to them.

A. in preference to

B. in place of

C. in agreement with

D. in exchange for

【答案】D.

【解析】考查介词短语的辨析。句意为：公务员向别人索要礼物或金钱以换取对他们的好处的做法是非法的。D项in exchange for“交换，调换”在此与题意切合。A项in preference to表示“优先于”；B项in place of“代替，取代”；C项in agreement with“与…一致，与…相符”。

13.(2010高考英语福建卷,27)More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities ______ space.

A. in search of

B. in place of

C. for lack of

D. for fear of

【答案】C

【解析】考查介词短语。句意为：“因为缺少空间，越来越多的高层建筑在城市中被建造。”A项意为“寻找……”；B项意为“代替，替代”；C项意为“缺乏，短缺”；D项意为“担心，害怕”。据句意可知，C项符合。

2009高考英语试题

1.（09福建）23. -How amazing it is that astronauts are exploring outer space!

-It’s a challenge, I guess, man against nature.

A. of

B. for

C. by

D. about

【答案】A

【解析】考查介词。应答句中的I guess是插入语，因此所填介词与challenge连用，表所属，用of，选A。

2.（09湖北卷）29. You’d sound a lot more polite if you make a request ______ a question.

A. in search of

B. in the form of

C. in need of

D. in the direction of

【答案】B.

【解析】考查介词短语。此处意思是“以问题方式向对方提出请求显得更有礼貌”。in the form of 符合句意。in search of“寻找”，in need of“需要”，in the direction of“朝……方向”。

3.（09湖北卷）30. His efforts to raise money for his program were ______ because, no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.

A. in place

B. in sight

C. in effect

D. in vain

【答案】D.

【解析】考查介词短语。根据下文no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets可知为集资做出的努力都白费了，应选择in vain。in place“和平地”，in sight“在视程内”，in effect“实际上”。

4.(09全国卷1)34. Everybody was touched _____ words after they heard her moving story.

A. beyond

B. without

C. of

D. in

【答案】A

【解析】考查介词。beyond words表示“在言语之外”，即不能用言语来表达，也就是“无法形容”了。句意是“听到她的感人故事之后，他们感动得无法用语言来形容”。

5.(09山东卷) 33. It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot _______ easy reach.

A. near

B. upon

C. within

D. around

【答案】C

【解析】句意：厨房中把常用的物品放在够得着的地方能节省时间。本题考查介词搭配：within easy reach在容易达到…的地方;在…的附近。

【考点定位】对复杂句式进行语法分析有助于做出正确选择。

6.(09四川卷)6. A great person is always putting others’ interests _________ his own.

A. below

B. above

C. in

D. on

【答案】B

【解析】考查介词的用法，put other’s interests above one’s own意思是把别人的利益放在自己的利益至上。

7.(09重庆卷)21. Try on this red skirt; you will look great it..

A. on

B. by

C. in

D. for

【答案】C。

【解析】考查介词的用法。Sth. Be on sb. “衣服穿在某人身上”；sb be in sth”某人穿着什么衣服”。由此可知答案为:C。

8.(09陕西卷)8. He invited me to a dance after the show Christmas Eve.

A. at

B. on

C. in

D. by

【答案】B

【解析】句意：圣诞前夜演出结束后，他要请我去参加一个晚会。此处时间具体到了某一天，所以选择B。

【考点定位】考查介词在时间前的应用。

2008高考英语试题

1.（2008福建，23）A great man shows his greatness ________ the way he treats little men.

A. under

B. with

C. on

D. by

【答案】D

【解析】考查介词的用法。by (表示方式)通过; 凭借。句意为：一位伟人通过他对待普通人的方式来展示出他的伟大。

2.（2008湖北，30）30. When she first arrived in China, she wondered what the future might have_________for her, but now all her worries are gone. （2008·湖北）

A. in need

B. in time

C. in preparation

D. in store

【答案】D

【解析】考查介词短语。in need需要；in time及时；in preparation在准备中；in store将要发生，就要出现，储备着。从句中的the future可知，应选择D。

3.（2008湖南，27）---When did you last hear _____ Jay?

---He phoned me this morning, and we agreed____ a time and place to meet.

A of, to

B about, with C. from, with D. from, on

【答案】D

【解析】考查介词与动词的搭配。第一个空是考查hear from“接到某人的来信”，第二个空考查agree on“在某方面达成一致意见”。

4.（2008辽宁，33）I like Mr. Miner’s speech; it was clear and the point.

A. at

B. on

C. to

D. of

【答案】C

【解析】本题考查介词与名语构成的短语。to the point意思为“切中要点”。

5（2008宁厦，24）Let’s learn to use the problem we are facing a stepping-stone to future success.

A. to

B. for

C. as

D. by

【答案】C

【解析】本题句意为：让我们学习使用我们正面临的问题作为未来成功的奠基石。as “作为”，短语use...as...把……当作。

6..（2008全国2，15）Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like ____ working here.

A. with

B. over

C. at

D. about

【答案】D

【解析】介词辨析。从题意来看，就选择“关于”，而四个选项中只有about有此义。

【两年模拟】09、10名校模拟题及其答案

1.（2010年黑龙江省高考适应性训练考试_英语）Ballet is not popular our city because most people

think it is too expensive to take the classes.

A．in B．with C．among D．on

【解析】A考查介词。语意表示“芭蕾在我们市不太流行”，in表示“在……地方”。此题考生会误选B和C项．be popular’with／among sb表示”受……欢迎”，介词后面接人。

2.（宝鸡市2010年高三教学质量检测（二）—英语）Some groups still have difficulties ____ access ____ social

services．

A．gain; in B．gaining; to．C．to gain; to D．gaining; of 【解析】B考查非谓语动词和介词搭配。语意：一些群体仍然很难得到享受社会服务的权利。have difficulty／trouble(in)doingsth干某事有困难”和access to sth“ (使用或见到……的)机会、权利”都是固定用法。

3.（东北三省三校2009届高三下学期第一次联合模拟考试yy）Barack Obama has taken personal blame

________ the security failures which led ________ the attempt to blow up a plane on Christmas Day.

A. of; to

B. for; to

C. on; on

D. in; on

【解析】B 考查词语搭配。take blame for是固定搭配，意为“承担……的责任”；lead to表示“导致”，是固定搭配。

4.（山东省济南市2010届高三年级第一次模拟考试英语试题）---Going to work today, Brenda?

---No. It’s my day today.

A．out B．in C．away D．off

【解析】D考查介词辨析。语意：今天我休息。It’s my day off，是固定用法。

5.(福建省四地六校2010届高三第三次联考)Keeping hours does good to your .

A、common, health

B、regular, health

C、familar, healthy

D、usual, healthy

6.( 2010年安徽省“江南十校”高三联考英语试题)We know from their greetings how much they expect ____

us. We won’t let them down.

A. of

B. on

C. for

D. to

【解析】A考查介词的用法。expect sth of／from sb是固定表达，表示“指望某人某事”，据此只有A 项of合适，如果有from也是正确的。

7.（上海市普通高等学校2010届高三春季招生考试）Were planning to send out a thousand invitations

Expovolunteers.

A．over B．in C．on D．to

D【解析】考查介词。语意：我们打算送1 000张邀请函给世博会志愿者。send sth to sb意为送某物给某人，据此选D项。

8.(陕西省宝鸡市2010届高三质量检测)Please keep me informed the changes of your address as

soon as possible.

A．of B．for C．with D．by

A【解析】考查固定搭配中的介词。inform、sb of sth为固定结构，意为通知某人某事，kee p sb informed of sth也是一个固定结构，意为使某人知晓某件事情。语意：请尽快让我知道你地址的变动。

9.（福建省厦门市2010届高三年级上学期质量检查）—Quite a lot of students failed in the math exam．

—Exactly．It is ____ their abilities．

A．within B．over C．against D．beyond D【解析】考查介词。很多学生数学考试都没有通过，因此说数学试卷超出了他们的能力。beyond 超过，符合语意。

10.（浙江省温州市十校联合体2010届期末考试）I have no dreams ____ to have a happy life.

A. rather than

B. more than

C. other than

D. less than

C【解析】语意：除了快乐过一生，我别无梦想。rather than表示而不是……；more than表示不仅仅……远不止……；other than表示除了……；less than则表示少于……根据语意可知，这里选C项。

11.（2010年黑龙江省高考适应性训练考试_英语）How the loans are paid should be of little concern to the

bank they are paid on time .

A．as well as B．as soon as

C．as long as D．as far as

【解析】C考查词组辨析。语意：对银行而言，只要贷款准时还，至于如何还倒不重要。这里用as long as“只要……”，引导条件状语从句；as well as表示“也，同……一样”；as soon as表示“……-就……”；as far as则表示“远达……就……而言”。根据语意选C项。

12.(山东省潍坊市2010年高三年级质量监测)一How did you do in your essay?

一I got an okay grade．but Mrs Jones gave Sarah Evanstop marks ．

A．as well B．though C．in general D．yet

B【解析】语意：——你的论文怎么样?——我得到了好的等级，但Jones太太却给了Sarah Evanstop 高分。as well也；though然而，还是，常放在句末；in general一般而言；yet还。

13.(2009开封模拟) Finding a job in such a big company has always been_______ his widest dreams.

A.under

B.over

C.above

D.beyond

【解析】考查介词。介词beyond的意思是“超出……的范围”，beyond his wildest dreams的意思是远远超出了他的梦想，即是不可能的。

14.(2009黄冈模拟) I was_______ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.

A.in

B.to

C.at

D.on

【答案】D

【解析】考查介词。on the point of doing sth.是固定搭配，另外注意这个句子中并列连词when连接的固定句型：on the point of doing...when...,意思是“正要干……这时……”，这样的句型还有be about to do...when...,was doing...when...。

15.(2009广西模拟)A Chinese runner,Liu Xiang,rushed to the ending line _______a surprising speed.

A.at

B.by

C.through

D.with

【答案】A

【解析】考查介词。at...speed是固定的介词搭配，意思是“以……的速度”。

【一年原创】原创试题及其解析

1、She took the boy _______ the hand and led him _______ the zoo.

A. in; by

B. on; at

C. at; in

D. by; round

【解析】介词by与动词seize,take,hold,shake,lead等词连用，表示接触身体或者物体的某一部分。如:He seized me by the hand.另外，show/lead sb.round sp.表示“带领某人参观某地”。

【答案】D

2、We must read not only between the lines,but sometimes_______the lines so that we can fully understand the

writer.

A.within

B.among

C.besides

D.beyond

【答案】D

【解析】考查介词。beyond the lines的意思是“字里行间”，即言外之意。

3、—Is your grandpa still with you?

—No.He still prefers to live in the small mountain village all its disadvantages.

A.for

B.except

C.with

D.to

4、Sorry,Madam.You’d better come tomorrow because it’s the visiting hours.

A.during

B.at

C.beyond

D.before

【解析】beyond表示超过(某一时间)，迟于；超出……范围。本题含义为：你最好明天来，因为已经超过来访时间了。

5、The home improvements have taken what little there is my spare time.

A.from

B.in

C.of

D.at

【解析】这是一个宾语从句。have taken后接感叹句，其正常的语序是what little of my spare time there is,家庭环境的改善占去了我仅有的一点儿业余时间。

【答案】C

6、You can’t wear a blue jacket _______ that shirt.It’ll look terrible.

A. on

B. above

C. up

D. over

【解析】根据介词的基本意思，选项B表示“在…… 上方”，暗含不接触；C项是副词，意思是“朝上”，应首先排除；选项A的意思是“在……表面上”，暗含表面的某一个地方；而D项的意思是“在……

上面”，暗含覆盖。根据常识，外面的衣服不是穿在衬衣上的某个地方，而是将整个衬衣覆盖。

【答案】D

评注:理清介词自身的词义及介词在表达前后语中的功能。

7、People like to live in the village,which is free crowds and thieves.

A.for

B.of

C.in

D.by

【解析】本句意思为“人们喜欢住在农村，那儿没有拥挤的人群和盗贼”。短语be free of/from相当于without;safe from;untroubled by；没有……；不受……影响的；免于……如：The old lady is never free from/of pain。那位老太太一直在承受痛苦。Meals will be provided free of/from charge.膳食将免费供应。

【答案】B

8、None of them had expected that the middle aged engineer died his

design uncompleted.

A.with

B.from

C.without

D.of

【解析】die from/of表示：“死于……”，from/of表示死的原因。如：He died of caner.Some Africans died from hunger and thirst.Without为介词，表示“无，没有”。如：He died without regret.with his design uncompleted为“with复合结构”，即：with+宾语+宾语补足语。在句中作状语，表示伴随。如：They left the room with the fire burning.他们离开了屋子，火还燃着。He died with a lot of work to be done.

他死了，还有很多工作有待完成。

【答案】A

9、________the birthrate down by 10%,the number of the population has decreased.

A.For

B.With

C.As

D.By

【答案】D

【解析】with+名词或者代词+副词（down）,表示“随着……”,在句中表示原因；而as也可表示“随着”,但它引导时间状语从句,不符合句子结构,故选B项。

10、He thought the jar made of earth little value and let me have it only one dollar.

A.with;for

B.of;by

C.of;for

D.with;by

11、People like to live in the village，which is free _______ crowds and thieves.

A. for

B. of

C. in

D. by

【答案】B

【解析】本句意思为“人们喜欢住在农村，那儿没有拥挤的人群和盗贼”。短语be free of/from相当于without/safe from/untroubled by,意为“没有……，不受……影响的，免于……”。

12、He thought the jar made of earth _______ little value and let me have it only one dollar.

A. with；for

B. of；by

C. of；for

D. with；by

【答案】C

【解析】题干意为“他认为那个泥坛子没什么价值，以一美元的价格卖给了我”。第一个空白处的of 后接抽象名词，相当于与名词同义的形容词，of value=valuable。第二个空白处的“for” 表示支付、价格或数量。如:I bought this book for $3./I paid $3 for this book.我花了三美元买了这本书。

13、He got to the station early，______ missing his train.

A.in case of

B.instead of

C.for fear of

D.in search of

【解析】本题考查介词短语的用法。首先根据句子和短语的意思排除选项B、D；in case of意思为万一、若、如果，强调客观可能性；for fear of意为惟恐、担心，强调主观的担心。根据本句前后部分的意思，本题表示的应是主观的担心。本句意为：他一早就到了车站，惟恐错过火车。

【答案】C

14、“Don’t go out _______ the rain _______ an umbrella,” mother shouted _______ me.

A. in; on; at

B. under; with; to

C. under; without; at

D. in; without; to

【答案】D

【解析】表示在自然现象“雨中，雪中，雾中”，均用介词in，如:They were caught in a heavy rain yesterday.

介词at和to均可表示“朝……”，如:He called out to me.根据句意可知“没带雨伞别跑到雨中去”。因此第二空选without。

15、They had a pleasant chat ________a cup of coffee.

A.for

B.with

C.during

D.over

【答案】D

【解析】本题考查介词搭配。over“在（做）……时”。他们在喝咖啡时进行了一次愉快的谈话。

【考点预测】2011高考预测

高考研究介词是英语中比较活跃的词，中学阶段所学的介词有40多个。它与名词、形容词、副词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活，意义丰富。搭配比较活跃的介词主要有in，out，up，down，on，off，to，from，for，over，with等。

预测今后高考介词的考查将以介词的固定短语和介词辨析为主。在学习介词时，应重点掌握介词的基本用法，同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。

【母题特供】每个专题5道最典型试题

母题1：

No one helped me.I did it all ________myself.

A.for

B.by

C.from

D.to

【解析】by oneself “表示独自一人”。一切都是我自己做的。

【答案】B

母题2：The classroom is big enough ________,but we’ll have to move if we have more students.

A.for the moment

B.on the moment

C.in a moment

D.for a moment

【解析】for the moment暂时。根据“we’ll have to move if we have more students”可判断出教室可暂时容纳现有的学生。for a moment 表示一段时间。

【答案】A

母题3：________two exams to worry about,I have to work really hard this weekend.

A.With

B.Besides

C.As for

D.Besides of

【解析】本题考查的是with的复合结构。with +n.+ to do,作伴随状语。

【答案】A

母题4：This accident is reported to have occurred ________the first Sunday in February.

A.at

B.on

C.in

D.to

【解析】本题考查介词。星期几前面习惯用介词on。

【答案】B

母题5：

He got to the station early,________missing his train.

A.in case of

B.instead of

C.for fear of

D.in search of

【解析】本题考查介词短语辨析。in case of以防万一；instead of 代替；for fear of因为害怕,惟恐；in search of 搜寻。根据题意,C项最合适。

【答案】C

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