2016春《美国文学》作业100分
2016春《美国文学》作业
作业
1．第1题
Among the following 3 authors the one who later became a naturalized
British citizen was ---.
A.Mark Twain
B. Fitzgerald
C.Henry James
答案:C
您的答案：C
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
2．第2题
“ i am monarch of all i survey,/ my right there is none to dispute.”
this line is ｆrom ____.
A.Nature
B.Civil Disobedience
C.Walden
D.Representative Men
答案:C
您的答案：C
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
3．第3题
According to Mathew Arnold, one poem written by William Cullen Bryant
was the “most perfect brief poem in the language”. The title of the
poem is __________.
A.“Thanatopsis”
B.“To a Waterfowl”
C.“The Wild Honey Suckle”
D.“The Indian Burying Ground”
答案:B
您的答案：B
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
4．第4题
________ was the first writer of local color to achieve wide popularity.
A.Mark Twain
B.Harriet Stowe
C.Bret Harte
D.Henry James
答案:C
您的答案：C
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
5．第5题
. the jazz age, characterized by frivolity ａnd carelessness, refers to ________.
A.1910s
B.1920s
C.1930s
D.1960s
答案:B
您的答案：B
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
6．第6题
_______, the ruthless, amoral protagonist of the The Sea Wolf, best realizes the ideal of the “Superman.”
A.Hurstwood
B.Wolf Larsen
C.Prufrock
D.Santiago
答案:B
您的答案：B
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
7．第7题
Puritans emphasized a ____God.
A.merciful
B.wrathful
C.benevolent
D.learned
答案:B
您的答案：B
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
8．第8题
William Sidney Porter was the real name of ________.
A.Mark Twain
B.O’ Henry
C.Jack London
D.William Dean Howells
答案:B
您的答案：B
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
9．第9题
william faulkner once declared that ___ was the first truly american writer ｆrom whom we are descended.
A.Washington Irving
B.Cooper
C.Hawthorne
D.Mark Twain
答案:D
您的答案：D
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
10．第10题
___ wrote Rights of Man in 1792 to suggest the overthrow of the British monarchy.
A.Thomas Paine
B.Benjamin Franklin
C.George Washington
D.Jefferson
答案:A
您的答案：A
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
11．第11题
___ is not a nam e to refer to Natty Bumppo in Cooper’s frontier saga.
A.deerslayer
B.pathfinder
C.hawkeye
D.Mohican
答案:D
您的答案：D
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
12．第12题
Among the following authors, only one has been called the American Scott. He is _______.
A.Washington Irving
B.James Fenimore Cooper
C.Herman Melville
D.Nathaniel Hawthorne
答案:B
您的答案：B
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
13．第26题
Twice-told Tales is a collection of stories written by ___.
A.Nathaniel Howthorne
B.Edgar Ellan Poe
C.Washington Irving
答案:A
您的答案：A
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
14．第27题
Among the following fictions written by John Steinbeck, only one is about the Second World War. It is ______________.
A. “The Snake”
B. The Grapes of Wrath
C. “The Moon Is Down”
D.“The Pearl”
答案:C
您的答案：C
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
15．第28题
Among the following 3 authors the one who did not win a Nobel Prize is ---.
A.William Faulkner
B. F. S. Fitzgerald
C. John Steinbeck
答案:B
您的答案：B
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
16．第29题
Among the following fictions, only one is not written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. It is ___________.
A.The Scarlet Letter
B.The Blithedale Romance
C.The Marble Faun
D.The Fall of the House of Usher
答案:D
您的答案：D
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
17．第30题
The scarlet letter “A” in the novel The Scarlet Letter at first stands for _____________.
A.angel
B.adultery
C.able
D.africa
答案:B
您的答案：B
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
18．第31题
“Ishmale” is the name of the narrator in the novel ___.
A. Moby Dick
B.The Scarlet Letter
C.The Blithdale Romance
答案:A
您的答案：A
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
19．第32题
Among the following novelists, the only one who had the working experience as a seal hunter is__________.
A.Henry James
B. Mark Twain
C.Fitzgerald
D.Jack London
答案:D
您的答案：D
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
20．第33题
The Blithedale Romance is a novel about the Brook Farm experiment written by __________.
A.Henry James
B.Nathaniel Hawthorne
C.James Fenimore Cooper
答案:B
您的答案：B
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
21．第34题
Among the following writers, only one does not belong to the naturalistic school. He is___.
A.Henry James
B.Stephen Crane
C.Theodore Dreiser
答案:A
您的答案：A
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
22．第35题
Among the following philosophers, only one did not have an influence over the writings of Jack London. He is________.
A.Karl Marx
B.Nietzsche
C.Spencer
D.Foucault
答案:D
您的答案：D
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
23．第36题
The Author of the short story "A Gift for Maggie" is ---.
A. O. Henry
B. Mark Twain
C.Jack London
答案:A
您的答案：A
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
24．第37题
Among the following authors the one who once visited China was ---.
A.Henry James
B.William Faulkner
C.Ernest Hemingway
答案:C
您的答案：C
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
25．第38题
robert frost once said that a poem should begin with delight ａnd end in__________.
A.pleasure
B.ugliness
C.death
D.wisdom
答案:D
您的答案：D
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
26．第39题
The arbiter of nineteen-century literary realism in America was ______.
A.Mark Twain
B.Henry James
C.O’Henry
D.William Dean Howells
答案:D
您的答案：D
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
27．第40题
“ we hold these truths to be elf-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, ａnd the pursuit of happiness.” this sentence is taken ｆrom ___.
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e51571439.html,mon Sense
B.The Declaration of Independence
C.The Autobiography
D.The American Crisis
答案:B
您的答案：B
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
28．第41题
___ is not written by Ralph Waldo Emerson.
A.Self-reliance
B.Nature
C.The American Scholar
D. The Bells
答案:D
您的答案：D
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
29．第42题
Emily Grierson, the protagonist in Faulkner’s story A Rose for Emily, can be regarded as a symbol for all the following qualities
except______.
A.old values
B.rigid ideas of social status
C.bigotry ａnd eccentricity
D.harmony ａnd integrity
答案:D
您的答案：D
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
30．第43题
______ is not a character in the novel The Scarlet Letter.
A.Arthur Dimmesdale
B.Roger Chillingworth
C.Goodman Brown
D.Pearl
答案:C
您的答案：C
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
31．第44题
the famous lines “the apparition of these faces i nthe crowd; petals on a wet, black bough” are ｆrom ______
A.A Virginal
B.In a Station of the Metro
C.A Pact
D.Salutation the Second
答案:B
您的答案：B
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
32．第45题
The School Room Poets did not include _____.
A.Longfellow
B.Lowell
C.Holmes
D.Poe
答案:D
您的答案：D
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
33．第53题
Pound’s poem “the river-merchant’s wife” was translated ｆrom a poem by the chinese poet __________.
A.李白
B.杜甫
C.白居易
D.王安石
答案:A
您的答案：A
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
34．第54题
The leader of the American Transcendentalism is _________.
A.Henry David Thoreau
B.Ralph Waldo Emerson
C.Henry James
答案:B
您的答案：B
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
35．第55题
The first American writer who propounded that a piece of literary work should focus on the production of a single emotional effect is ___.
A. Nathaniel Hawthorne
B.Herman Melville
C.Edgar Ellan Poe
答案:C
您的答案：C
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
36．第56题
The American writer whose one essay greatly influenced later civil
right leader Martin Luther King is ___.
A.Ralph Waldo Emerson
B.Philip Freneau
C.Henry David Thoreau
答案:C
您的答案：C
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
37．第57题
Among the following short stories, only one is not written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. It is _________.
A.Young Goodman Brown
B.Wakefield
C.The Birthmark
D.the pit ａnd the pendulum
答案:D
您的答案：D
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
38．第58题
Sister Carrie is a noel written by ___.
A.Theodore Dreiser
B.Stephen Crance
C. Frank Norris
答案:A
您的答案：A
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
39．第59题
The central character Huckleberry Finn in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn also appears in Twain’s novel ________.
A.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
B.A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court
C.An American Tragedy
D.Life On Mississippi
答案:A
您的答案：A
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
40．第60题
“The Black Cat” written by Poe is a _________.
A.gothic Story
B.love Story
C.detective story
D.lyrical poem
答案:A
您的答案：A
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
41．第13题
american naturalism, like romanticism, had come ｆrom germany.
答案:错误
您的答案：错误
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
42．第14题
The Second World War led the American intellectuals to a bitter disillusionment, breeding what is called modernism.
答案:错误
您的答案：错误
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
43．第15题
Hawthorne, who seemed to be haunted by his sense of sin ａnd veil, never showed a positive part of the life.
答案:错误
您的答案：错误
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
44．第16题
By the end of the nineteenth century, the realists rejected the portrayal of idealized characters ａnd events.
答案:正确
您的答案：正确
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
45．第17题
The 19th century female poet Emily Dickinson was a forerunner of the modern Imagist poetry.
答案:正确
您的答案：正确
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
46．第18题
The poet Robert Frost wrote in traditional rhyme schemes, but his themes are very modern.
答案:正确
您的答案：正确
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
47．第19题
Poe was a predecessor of the later British detective writer Conan Doyle.
答案:正确
您的答案：正确
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
48．第20题
John Stwinbeck didn't win a Nobel Prize because he was sympathetic with the working class people.
答案:错误
您的答案：错误
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
49．第21题
"A Rose for Emily" is a Gothic short story written by William Faulkner.
答案:正确
您的答案：正确
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
50．第22题
An Italian Sonnet is a short poem with fourteen iambic pentameter lines rhymed abbaabbacdecde.
答案:正确
您的答案：正确
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
51．第23题
Though Emily Dickinson married twice in her life, love had never been a major theme in her poetry.
答案:错误
您的答案：错误
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
52．第24题
The House of the Seven Gables is a novel written by Nathaniel Hawthorne based on his experience in the Brook Farm.
答案:错误
您的答案：错误
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
53．第25题
life ａnd death is a major theme in emily dickinson’s poems.
答案:正确
您的答案：正确
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
54．第46题
As a literary movement, American Realism came in the latter half of the nineteeth century, as a reaction against the lie of romanticism.
答案:正确
您的答案：正确
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
55．第47题
The foundation of American national literature was laid by the early American romanticists.
答案:正确
您的答案：正确
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
56．第48题
Immediately after their arrival in america, the american puritans became more preoccupied with business ａnd profits, as they had to be in the grim struggle for survival.
答案:正确
您的答案：正确
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
57．第49题
Ralph Waldo Emerson was a representative figure of the American Transcendentalism.
答案:正确
您的答案：正确
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
58．第50题
Stream of Consciousness is a minor technique that William Faulkner employed in his novels.
答案:错误
您的答案：错误
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
59．第51题
The most important Southern writer is Robert Penn Warren who was the author of the poem “All the King’s Men”.
答案:错误
您的答案：错误
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
60．第52题
The detective created by Poe was named Dubin.
答案:正确
您的答案：正确
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
作业总得分：100.0
作业总批注：
2018年春英语教育专业《美国文学》100分作业及答案
2018春《美国文学》作业1．第1题 Among the following novels, only one was not written by Herman Melville. It is _____________. A.The Confidence-Man B.The PIlot C.Moby Dick 答案:B 您的答案：B 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 2．第2题 The Author of the short story "A Gift for Maggie" is ---. A. O. Henry B. Mark Twain C.Jack London 答案:A 您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 3．第3题 Of Mice ａnd Men is a novel written by ---. A. John Steinbeck B.Sherwood Anderson C.Sinklair Lewis 答案:A 您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0
4．第4题 “by nature’s self in white arrayed\ she bade thee shun the vulgar eye,\ ａnd planted here the guarding shade,\ ａnd sent soft waters murmuring by; \ thus quietly thy summer goes,\ thy days declining to repose.” the rhyme scheme of the lines above is ______________. A.ababab B.ababcc C.aabbcc 答案:B 您的答案：B 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 5．第5题 when we say that a poor young man ｆrom the west tried to make his fortune in the east but was disillusioned in the quest of an idealized dream, we are probably discussing about ______’s thematic concern in his fiction writing. A.Henry James B.Scott Fitzgerald C.Hemingway D.William Faulkner 答案:B 您的答案：B 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 6．第6题 ____ Bryant’s best-known poem, was written when
(完整版)美国文学课后答案
1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography? Franklin says that because his son may wish to know about his life, he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to record his past. He also says that he has enjoyed his life and would like to repeat it 2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed? His brother was passionate, and had often beaten him. The aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to him through his whole life .After a brush with the law, Franklin left his brother. 3.How did he arrive in Philadephia? First he set out in a boat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 50 miles from Burlington, the next day he reached Burlington on foot, in Burlington he found a boat which was going towards Philadelphia, he arrived there about eight or nine o’clock, on the Sunday morning and landed at the Market Street wharf. 4.What features do you find in the style of the above selection? It is the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness, and concision(言简意赅). The narrative is lucid(易懂的), the structure is simple, the imagery is homely(朴素的). 二、Questions 1.How many characters does Poe include in The Cask of Amontillado? What are these names? Montresor, Fortunato and Luchesi 2. What drink are the French most famous for? Wine 3.Does Montresor have something of great value to him which we might consider to be his treasure? His pride and the pride of his French family heritage. Perhaps his devious plot of revenge. 4.Does Montresor seem to have much respect for Italians? Montresor does not have much respect for Italians. He feels the French are superior, especially with respect to wine. 5.What was Fortunato's insult? Poe does not tell us directly, but only implies it in the third paragraph 6.Which wine does Montresor use to lure Fortunato into the catacombs? "Amontillado" (the Spanish wine; Montresor's ruse to lead Fortunato down into the catacombs. 7.Why does Montresor entertain Fortunato with wines from his collection? Montresor wants to get Fortunato drunk enough to be able to trap him in his plan of vengeance. 8.In what two ways does Montresor imprison Fortunato? He fetters (chains and locks) Fortunato to the wall of the catacombs. He builds a wall to close Fortunato off in a small corner of the catacombs, where Montresor will leave him to die. 9.In what ways is The Cask of Amontillado grotesque? First, which of Montresor's actions are abnormal? The whole obsessive plot of vengeance. The fettering and entombment of Fortunato. Montresor's sick sense of humor. 10.Is there anything grotesque about Fortunato? His obsession with alcohol. His drunkenness. His tendency to berate Luchesi (he may have been drunk and may have insulted Montresor in a similar
比较文学期末考查试卷
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Literary terms这部分的答案均来自星火《英美文学》一书，质量高 1.Transcendentalism: is literature，philosophical and literary movement that flourished in New England from about 1836 to1860. It originated among a small group of intellectuals who were reaching against the orthodoxy of Calvinism and the rationalism of the Unitarian Church, their own faith centering on the divinity of humanity and the natural world instead. Transcendentalism derived some of its basic idealistic concepts from romantic German philosophy, and from such English authors as Carlyle，Coleridge, and Wordsworth. The ideas of transcendentalism were most eloquently expressed by Ralph Waldo Emerson in such essays as Nature and Self-Reliance and by Henry David Thoreau in his book Walden. 2.American naturalism：this term was created by Emile Zola. Charles Darwin’s evolutionary theory played an important role in naturalism. In the works off naturalism，characters were conceived as complex combinations of inherited attributes and habits conditioned by social and economic forces. At the end of the 19th century，this pessimistic form of realism appeared in America. Naturalism attempted to achieve extreme objectivity and frankness. Characters in the works of naturalism were dominated by their environment and heredity. Naturalism emphasized：the world was around；men had no free will；religious “truth” were illusory；the destiny of human beings was misery in life and oblivion in death. The dominant figures in naturalism were Stephen crane，Frank Norris, Jack London and Theodore Dreiser. 3.The lost generation: included the young English and American expatriates as well as men and women caught in the war and cut from the old value and yet unable to come to terms with the new era when civilization had gone mad. These writers adopted unconventional style of writing and reacted against the tendencies of the older writers in the 1920s. The term came from Gertrude Stein who said in Hemingway's presence that “you are all a lost generation.” 4.Jazz age: the novelist F. Scott Fitzgerald coined the term "Jazz Age" retroactively to refer to the decade after World War I and before the stock market crash in 1929, during which Americans embarked upon what he called "the gaudiest spree in history". Jazz Age is inextricably associated with the wealthy white "flappers" and socialites immortalized in Fitzgerald's fiction. 5.Free verse: is a poetry that has an irregular rhythm and line length and that attempts to avoid any predetermined verse structure, instead, it uses the cadences of natural speech. While it alternates stressed and unstressed syllables as stricter verse forms do, free verse does so in a looser way. Whitman's poetry is an example of free verse at its most impressive. It has since been used by Ezra Pound, T.S. Eliot and other major American can poets of the 20th century. 6. The iceberg analogy: The Iceberg Theory is a writing theory by American writer Ernest Hemingway, as follows：if a writer of a prose knows enough about what he is writing about he may omit things that he knows and the reader，if the writer is writing truly enough, will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them. 这部分来自星火的为：3,7,8, 来自课本为：1,4,9 来自网络为：2,5,6大家自取之 1.Poe's Poetic Ideas A.His conviction that the function of poetry is not to summarize and interpret earthly experience, but to create a mood in which the soul soars toward supernal beauty. B.He insists that poetry must be disembarrassed of that moral sense. C.Poe believes that the elevation of excitement of the soul should be “the poetic principle” thus poetry must concern itself only with “supernal beauty”. D.Poe defines poetry as “the rhythmical creation of beauty” a definition gi ving unexampled emphasis upon the importance of the rhythmical or musical element in poetry.
比较文学概论作业答案
08春本科《比较文学概论作业答案（选修课） 通知1、本材料为作业参考答案，学员可根据实际情况酌情删减，不必完全照抄；没有作业册的科目学员自备16k横格本抄写作业，并写清你的姓名、学号、专业和年级等信息 2、交作业时间11月30日前； 3、辅导和交作业期间交学费，具体如下： ⑴08春汉文本科交第三年学费1500元⑶08秋小教交第二次学费及考试费1100元，订书者教书费300元。 ⑵09春汉文本科交第二次学费1500元、书费350元；09春汉文专科交第二次学费1000元、书费300元。 ★各年级学员欠学费请一并交上！ 作业一 一、解释下列名词（每个5分，共20分） 1、意象 2、翻译 3、管锥篇 4、文化割据主义 二、简答题（每个10分，共40分） 1、简述比较文学的功能。 2、概述美国比较文学发展历史。 3、鲁迅、田汉、郭沫若在接受西方浪漫主义思潮方面分别表现出哪些不同特点。 4、“八体”的具体内容是什么？ 三、论述题（每题20分，共40分） 1、以孟姜女哭长城为例，谈谈比较文学中主题和题材的流变。 2、为什么说接受和影响是一个过程的两个方面，如何理解这一双向过程。 参考答案 一、名词解释（20分） 1、意象：所谓意象，简单说来，可以说是主观的“意”和客观的“象”的结合，也就融入诗人思想感情的“物象”，是赋有某种特殊含义和文学意味的具体形象。象征：是以外在的、少见的事物，暗示一种抽象的普遍性的意义。 2、翻译：是把一种语言的作品转换成另一种语言的创造性劳动。 3、管锥篇：作者钱钟书。写于“文化大革命”十年动乱之间，出版于1979.8全书七百八十一则，围绕《周易正义》《毛诗正义》等古籍十种，引用八百多位外国学者的一千几百种著作，结合中外作家三千多人，阐发自己读书心得体会。《管锥篇》是中国比较文学复兴的标志之一。 4、文化割据主义：是指有些人深恐受到外来影响，极力鼓吹“纯而又纯”的本土文化排斥一切外来文化，拒绝交往，拒绝改变甚至为此镇压内部改革求新的势力。 二、简答题（每个10分，共40分） 1、（1）、互识；比较文学的根本价值就在于它为文学研究开辟了一个崭新的层面。当文学被封闭在某一个别民族文化体系之中时，它就不可能突破原有的思维模式，来接受新鲜事物。只有认识了他人，才能更好的认识自己。 （2）、互证：就是要在互相参证中找到共同问题，证实其共同性，同时反证其不同性就，以达到进一步的沟通和理解。（3）、互补：比较文学工作者一方面深入了解他种文化的文学，一方面又从与他种文学的比照中进一步了解自己的特色，并在这个过程中，按照自己的需要，从他者吸收营养，某求新的发展。 2、美国的比较文学史可以追溯到19世纪70年代1871年，沙克福在康奈尔大学作了“总体文学还是比较文学”的学术报告，（第一位涉足比较文学）。 1877——1889年间，盖利曾在密执安大学开设以“文学批评的比较”为内容的专题讲座。（先驱） 1890——1891年间，哈佛大学开设比较文学讲座 1903年，美国第一本《比较文学杂志》创刊 1899年，美国第一个比较文学系创立于歌伦比亚大学。 1910年，萧菲尔创办《哈佛比较文学研究》杂志 1942年，哥伦比亚大学比较文学教授克里斯蒂，倡导下产生了“比较文学委员会”，创办《比较文学通讯》 1952年，《比较文学与总体文学年鉴》问世 1953年，韦勒克发表《比较文学概念》 1962年，雷马克发表《比较文学的定义和功用》 1969年，艾德礼发表《比较文学论文选集》提出“平行研究”的主张。 3、鲁迅极力突出的是浪漫主义中的革命与反抗精神，“忤万众不慑”的战斗勇气。 田汉更接近经典的浪漫派，热烈乐观，对人生意义的追求，浪漫人道主义的同情心，使命感以及对自然的热爱和崇拜，对爱的力量的膜拜，都闪耀着浪漫主义的光彩。 郭沫若则是典型的浪漫主义，他有“天狗吞宇宙”式的自我肯定与夸张，有横溢的激情，乐于从历史和神话中吸取灵感并且创造新的神话和新的理想世界。 4、刘勰把文学中复杂多样的风格归纳简约为“八体”，即：典雅、远奥、精约、显附，繁缛、壮丽、新奇、轻靡。又可以分为相对的四组： （1）典雅和新奇。典雅指引经据典，风雅蕴藉；新奇指“槟古竞今”，标新立异。这是以继承传统和创新的程度为标准来划分的。 （2）壮丽和轻靡。壮丽指立论卓越，体制宏伟，文采辉煌；轻靡指“浮文弱植，飘渺附俗”，也就是文辞浮华，飘忽无根。这是从内容与表达方式的结合来考虑分类。 （3）远奥和显附。远奥指文章深沉不露，内容玄思深奥；显附指情理浅显，易于接受。这也是从内容和表达方式的结合来考虑分类的。 （4）繁缛和精约。繁缛指喻众辞多，文采华丽；精约指“核字省句，剖析毫厘”。这一组着重于形式，但“博喻”“剖析”仍与内容有关。 三、论述题：（40分） 1、答案要点：主题和题材的流变既牵涉到“传统继承”也牵涉到“引进”，应是构成文学史的一个重要方面。通过这项研究可以纵向地考察某一主题或题材的历史发展。也要以横向把考察某一主题和题材如何被他种文化体系引进，或如何接受了他种