Definition OVERVIEW OF REMOTE SENSING
OVERVIEW OF REMOTE SENSING
(David Sandwell, Copyright, 2007)
Definition
Remote sensing is an incredibly broad subject ranging from photographic imaging to nuclear magnetic resonance imaging to seismic tomography to multibeam sonars to synthetic aperture radars . . . In this class we'll limit the scope to:
?satellite (or aircraft) remote sensing of the Earth (mostly);
?information carried by electromagnetic waves; and
?no discussion of atmospheric sounding.
When you look through the textbook by Rees [2001], you will not find detailed discussion of applications of remote sensing. Instead the focus is on the physical principles of remote sensing. Studying all the applications in a 10-week course would be impossible. Moreover, the methods and applications change frequently so details learned today will be obsolete tomorrow. It is more important to learn the fundamental principles and learn the details later as needed. For the graduate-level course, the students select a scientific problem that can be addressed using one or more remote sensing tools. Then they can become experts on the particular application with scientific guidance from a researcher at SIO. Over the years I have collected perhaps 100 term papers from SIO graduate students. The topics are very diverse. For example a student prepared a term paper on the correlation of offshore bird census information (from ship observations) with ocean surface temperature measured by satellite. My area of expertise uses the tools satellite geodesy to measure the properties of the solid earth. This includes measuring micro variations in the pull of gravity over the oceans using radar altimetry and measuring crustal deformation using synthetic aperture radar interferometry. Each year new remote sensing instrumentation is being developed. This technology development is driven by scientific questions and practical needs.
I hope that you can get the following out of this course:
? a brief review of some basic physics;
? a broad understanding of the methods and limitations of remote sensing systems;
?an introduction to image processing and display methods;
?an overview of a few of the systems being deployed today; and
?finally, throught the term project (graduate students only), I hope you can obtain a detailed understanding of a particular remote sensing system and how it addresses a scientific issue.
Most of the information gathered by remote sensing satellites could be obtained by other means. For example if one wanted to measure sea surface temperature (SST) across the Gulf Stream between New York and Bermuda, one could make the measurement from a ship or aircraft that commonly traverse that route. However, if one wanted to measure SST across the Antatctic Circumpolar Current then a satellite is the more appropriate platform. The main advantages of satellite remote sensing are:
?global data set of uniform quality;
?rapid data acquisition after the satellite is designed, built, and launched;
?no need to obtain permission from other countries;
?can revisit a site on a regular basis for a long period of time; and
?spacacraft provide very stable platforms.
Of course the main disadvantages are the high cost of a satellite system, the many years it takes to develop and launch the system, and the possibility of a launch failure or system failure.
CryoSat Mission lost due to
launch failure
8 October 2005
ESA PR 44-2005. Today at 21.00 CEST
Mr Yuri Bakhvalov, First Deputy
Director General of the Khrunichev
Space Centre on behalf of the Russian
State Commission officially confirmed
that the launch of CryoSat ended in a
failure due to an anomaly in the launch
sequence and expressed his regret to
ESA and all partners involved.
Preliminary analysis of the telemetry
data indicates that the first stage
performed nominally. The second stage
performed nominally until main engine
cut-off was to occur. Due to a missing
command from the onboard flight
control system the main engine
continued to operate until depletion of
the remaining fuel.
As a consequence, the separation of the
second stage from upper stage did not
occur. Thus, the combined stack of the
two stages and the CryoSat satellite fell
into the nominal drop zone north of
Greenland close to the North Pole into
high seas with no consequences to
populated areas.
Space is a risky business, it always
has been, it doesn't always go
perfectly Prof Duncan Wingham,
Cryosat chief scientist
"It is a very sad event for many
scientists around Europe and also
for the teams involved in industry
which built the satellite," he said. http://www.esa.int/esaCP/SEMR3Q5Y3EE_index_0.html
Applications of Remote Sensing
Meterology- profiling of atmospheric temperature, pressure, water vapor, and wind velocity.
Oceanography - measuring sea surface temperature, mapping ocean currents, and wave energy spectra.
Glaciology- measuring ice cap volumes, ice stream velocity, and sea ice distribution.
Geology- geomorphology, identification of rock type, mapping faults and structure.
Geodesy - measuring the figure of the earth and its gravity field.
Topography and cartography - improving digital elevation models Agriculture, forestry, and botany- monitoring the biomass of land vegetation, monitoring the health of crops, mapping soil moisture, forecasting crop yields. Hydrology- assessing water resources from snow, rainfall and underground aquifers.
Disaster warning and assessment - monitoring of floods and landslides, monitoring volcanic activity, assessing damage zones from natural disasters.
Planning applications- mapping ecological zones, monitoring deforestation, monitoring urban land use.
Oil and mineral exploration- locating natural oil seeps and slicks, mapping geological structures, monitoring oil field subsidence.
Military - developing precise maps for planning, monitoring military infrastructure, monitoring ship and troop movements . . . (This is where most of the US funding for remote sensing goes.)
Electomagnetic Spectrum
Before starting the course it is useful to review the relevant part of the electromagnetic spectrum. This figure from Rees [2001] shows a wavelength range from ultraviolet through the visible spectrum through infrared to microwave and longer radio waves. Of course, the visible spectrum is subdivided by color (hue). Next lecture we'll discuss how our eyes and brain process visible light. The other major subdivision occurs in the microwave part of this spectrum. As we'll see next, this is a very important part of the spectrum for remote sensing and the electrical engineers have provide cryptic labels that we should all learn (Ka, K, Ku, X, C, S, L, and P).
Constraints
There are three practical constraints on satellite remote sensing of the Earth.
1) There needs to be a source of radiation.
Passive remote sensing systems rely thermal
emissions from the Sun (mostly visible) which
reflect off the surface of the Earth as well as
direct thermal emissions from the Earth
(thermal IR). Active systems can operate in the
visible (laser), IR (laser) and microwave
(radar).
2) The EM waves must be able to penetrate through the ionosphere and atmosphere. For the Earth there are three main windows in the visible, thermal infrared (IR) and the microwave region.
3) There needs to be a platform in space to collect the EM signals, digitize them, and transmit the data back to Earth. The satellite must be in orbit around the earth so the inward force of gravity must be equal to the outward centrifugal force. A variety of orbits are possible as will be discussed in the next lecture. One can tune the orbit and platform characteristics to vary altitude and speed, revist time, phase of the orbit plane with respect to solar illumination or lunar/solar tides, and platform orientation (yaw, pitch and roll).
References
Rees, W. G., Physical Principles of Remote Sensing, Second Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 343 pp., 2001.
Baker, D. J., Planet Earth: The View From Space, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 191 pp., 1990.
高级英语写作教案示范
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英语作文常用高级词汇
（冒号前面的是我们习惯想到的词，考试中尽量少用！一定要用后面的词去替换前面）We, everyone: any reasonable/sensitive soul/mind, talented minds, elite minds, versatile minds, personality, figures, celebrity, idiots, philosophic minds, genius More and more: increasingly, Big: enormous, tremendous, gigantic, titanic, astronomical, vast, boundless, Very: extremely, overwhelmingly, undeniably, remarkably, voluminously, excessively, exceedingly, tangibly, impressively, shockingly, Famous: renowned, celebrated, accomplished, distinguished, prominent, eminent, outstanding, preeminent, Good: spectacular, amazing, unbelievable, incredible, magnificent, adorable, fantastic, fascinating, admirable, respectable, cherishable, adorable, awesome, terrific, majestic, Bad: nightmarish, disgusting, despicable, monstrous, appalling, abhorring, repelling, repulsive, Important: significant, essential, basic, fundamental, indispensable, crucial, critical, decisive, determinant, dominant, predominant, infallible, Say, Believe，think: suppose, hold, claim, maintain, presume, assume, contend, argue, declare, I am convinced, conclude, Improve, better: further, promote, enhance, reinforce, strengthen, consolidate, cement, nurture, relieve, recover, Everyone knows: it’s a truth universally acknowledged t hat, It can never be denied, it is undeniable that，It goes without saying that，It is self evident that，It is highly advisably, imperative, remarkable that，It comforts one to know that… ◆常见替代词汇解释 1. accelerate: 后面接名词，表示“加速”，中性词，好事坏事都能用。 2. adequate: “足够的”，用来替代经常被使用的enough。 3. advance: 名词，“进步，发展”，用来替代文章开头经常使用的development，progress。 4. advisable / sensible / rational: “合理的”，都可以替代reasonable。 5. cannot afford to: “不应当做”，不是我们说的“负担不起”。 6. be alert to something: “对…保持警惕”，后面接消极概念。 7. alternative: “其他的选择或办法”，比如an alternative is that… 相当于in addition（除此之外）。 8. applicable / feasible / workable: 都表示“可行的”，用在政策、法令、手段等词前面做修饰语，既可增加字长，又可以提高词汇水平。 9. approach / channel: “方法，手段”，用来替代我们经常使用的一些简单词汇，如method 等。 10. approve of something: “批准，同意”，注意不要忘记介词of。 11. attach importance to something: 表示“重视，强调”，替代pay attention to。
英语写作之反馈机制
英语写作之反馈机制 【关键词】反馈高级英语写作教学 一．引言 高级英语写作一般是在英语专业本科大三年级开设的一门专业 必修课，开设此课程的目的不仅是为了继续提高学生的英语写作能力，反馈主要分为同级反馈、会谈反馈及批语式反馈三种形式。也为了培养学生的篇章组织能力、文学欣赏能力、文学表达能力等等。高级英语写作课程对提高英语专业学生的综合能力具有重要的作用，教师应充分重视该课程的教学。 高级英语写作教学的效果受许多因素的影响，学习者作文中的优点与缺点能否及时得到反馈是其中的重要因素之一。在传统的高级英语写作教学中，教师往往采取学生写作，教师评分再把评分结果反馈给学生的形式对学习者的作文进行指导。这种反馈形式有很大的局限性，大部分学生都会忽视教师的反馈，对教师指出的错误不予以重视，在下次写作时仍会犯同样的错误，起不到反馈的作用。小部分英语基础差的学生，对教师的反馈看不明白，弄不清楚自己错在哪里，失去了反馈的意义。本文针对当前高级英语写作教学中反馈的问题，提出了使用多种反馈形式有机结合的方式来有效地提 高学习者的高级英语写作能力。 二．写作教学中的反馈 反馈的概念是在20世纪70年代由过程教学法引入写作教学中
的。［2］在写作教学中，反馈是指”读者向作者输入修改作文的信息”。［3］在写作教学中，合理地运用反馈能够有效地帮助学习者更清楚、更准确地表达自己的思想，能够有效地提高学习者的英语综合能力。 写作教学中的反馈可以分为同级反馈(peer feedback)、会谈反馈(conferences as feedback)及批语式反馈(comments as feedback) 。不同反馈形式具有不同的作用，但它们都是写作教学中反馈的重要组成部分。 同级反馈是指通过同学之间互改作文的形式，来指出对方作文中的错误，学习者在相互探讨中共同提高写作水平及英语综合能力。同级反馈可以培养学习者对错误的敏感性。在同伴论文中发现的错误，学习者会尽量避免在以后的写作中再犯。而对于同伴论文中的优点，学习者也会进行一定的模仿。因此，同级反馈非常有利于提高学习者的写作水平和英语综合能力，尤其是对于高水平学习者来说。 会谈反馈是指教师通过面谈的方式来向学习者反馈他们作文中 的错误。以面谈的形式进行的反馈，方便教师就学习者的错误作出正面解释。而学习者对教师的解释有不明白之处，也可以现场提问。该种反馈方式及时、效果较好，但是耗时较多，不便于大范围地实 施，但能够迅速提高低水平学习者的写作水平。 批语式反馈是指教师以批语的形式批改学生的作文。该反馈形式
【黄浦校区】高考英语作文常用的高级句式
书面表达中的高级结构 我们高三英语教师在讲评书面表达时，经常告诉学生说，书面表达要得高分，就得有高级句型和高级词汇；但很多同学在写书面表达时，总认为高级句型和高级词汇很神秘，高不可及。其实，未必如此！通过研读一些优秀的学生习作和历年高考书面表达的范文，我们发现，很多所谓的高级句型和高级词汇正是我们老师反复讲解和训练的。下面列举一些常见且高级的词汇和句型，供同学们参考。 一．高级词汇 1．occur 替换think of Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house. → An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house. It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house. 2．devote替换spend He spends all his spare time in reading. → He devotes all his spare time to reading. 3．seek替换want / look for They sought ( wanted ) to hide themselves behind the trees. 4．average 替换ordinary I’m an average ( ordinary ) student. 5．but替换very The film we saw last night was very interesting. → The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting. The film we saw last night was anything but boring. 6．seat 替换sit On his way to school, he found an old lady seated (sitting) by the road, looking worried. 7．suppose 替换should He is supposed to ( should ) have driven more slowly. 8．appreciate 替换thank Thank you very much for you help. → We appreciate your help very much. / Your help is much appreciated. 9．the case替换true I don’t think it is the case ( true ). 10．on替换as soon as As soon as he arrived, he began his research. → On his arrival, he began his research.. 11．due to替换because of He arrived late due to ( because of ) the storm. 12．cover替换walk/read After covering (walking) 10 miles, we all felt tired. 13．contribute to替换be helpful/useful Plenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study. → Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study. 14．round the corner 替换coming soon/ nearby ① The summer vacation is round the corner ( coming). Do you have any plans? ② Li Ming studies in a school round the corner (nearby). 15．come to light替换discover
高级英语写作教案示范
高级英语写作教案示范 Part Two Basic Skill’s Training 基本技能训练 I.Teaching Materials See Part Two II.Teaching Aims 1.Teach the students how to use the most useful words appropriately. 2.Help the students make correct judgement about their own language mistakes and teach them to find out the correct ways to avoid the inappropriate, unidiomatic expressions. III.Teaching Time: 4 periods IV.Teaching Focuses 1.Unique ways of making correct judgement in choosing proper words to express oneself in writing. 2.General rules of correcting wordiness and omission in language. V.Teaching Procedures 1.Step One—Ask the students how many levels are there in language according to them? 2.Step Two—Give out some exercises concerning with the false usage of language and make corrections in class. 3.Step Three—Analysis and brief summary of each type of basic language training. 4.Step Four—Assignment VI.Detailed study of step one: a discussion on the formality of the words in different situations. VII.Detailed study of step two. Section One Choice of words措辞 The choice of words from one’s vocabulary can affect his writing style. Let’s look at two groups of words and compare them: Pretentious Wording(fml.) Common Wording(standard) in regards to concerning, about utilize use
英语作文中的高级表达
ve 英语作文中的高级表达 高级句型对高中英语写作能否得高分甚至满分起着决定性作用，！ 、表达个人观点句型 1. As far as I amconcerned, I agree with the latter opinion to someextent. 2. In conclusion/a word, I believe that … 3. Personally, I think … 、原因分析型常用句型 1. Ma ny ways can con tribute to solvi ng this problem, but the followi ng ones may be most effective. 2. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows. 3. The reas ons are as follows. 三、因果推理常用句型 1. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, we lear ned a lot. 2. The effect/c on seque nce/result of eat ing too much is overweight. 3. Eati ng too much causes/results in/leads to overweight. 四、举例型常用句型 1. Here is one more example. 2. Take …for example. 3. This offers a typical in sta nee of...
《英语写作与翻译》教学大纲
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层级划分、词的类型、词义、泛指词、特指词和习语等。这部分可与汉语用词对照讲解，尤其是习语部分与汉语成语相比较，有助于学生认识二者的异同点，对英汉翻译能力的提高也有帮助。 第三章英语句子（4学时） 本章教学重点是英语中的完整句和不完整句，教学难点是英语中的并列句、复合句和并列复合句。主要讲授英语完整句和不完整句，句子的类型：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句，简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句、松散句、圆周句和对偶句，长句和短句。有效句子的判断标准：一致性、连贯性、简洁性、强调性、多样性。这部分内容的讲解一定要结合学生课堂和课后练习以及在练习中出现的偏误，对学生的句子偏误进行纠正。在严格的训练中帮助学生建立正确的、区别于汉语句子的英语句子概念，并能根据表达功能的不同写出不同类型的句子。 第四章英语段落（4学时） 本章教学重点是段落的展开法，教学难点是段落的连贯性。主要讲授好段落的标准：一致性、连贯、过渡，段落写作的步骤，段落的展开法：按时间展开、按过程展开、按空间展开、用举例和归纳方式展开、用类比和对比的方式展开、用原因和结果方式展开、用分类方式展开、用定义方式展开、结合几种方式展开。重点练习用举例和归纳方式、用类比和对比的方式、用原因和结果方式展开段落写作。 第五章完整的作文（6学时） 本章教学重点是作文的说明文的写作，教学难点是作文的开篇和结尾。主要讲授英文写作的步骤，包括总体规划、提纲类型、打初稿、修订初稿、誊写初稿；组织结构，包括原则、开篇、主干、结尾；文章的类型，包括描写文、记叙文、说明文、议论文，其中说明文的写作最重要，分为举例说明文、分解与分类说明文、类比与对比说明文、因果说明文和定义说明文。本章是英文写作部分的重点，作文的总体规划、作文三大组成部分的写作技巧需要2学时，不同类型文章写作的基本要求需要4学时。 第六章应用文写作（6学时） 本章教学重点是信函的写作，教学难点是论文写作。主要讲授信函的写作格式、语言特点、信封的写法；不同类型的布告、通知、便条、电子邮件的写法、论文写作等。本章内容较适用型学生课程增加了论文写作部分，占2学时。主要根据学术型学生在学术上进一步深造的愿望，讲授论文的写作写作步骤和格式等内容。 注：英文写作部分教学内容结束，安排2学时的写作训练课，包括句子练习、段落练习和完整作文写作训练以及应用文写作训练。之后进行期中考试，占2学时。
英语作文中的高级表达
英语作文中的高级表达 高级句型对高中英语写作能否得高分甚至满分起着决定性作用，！ 一、表达个人观点句型 1.As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. 2.In conclusion/a word, I believe that… 3.Personally, I think… 二、原因分析型常用句型 1.Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective. 2.Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows. 3.The reasons are as follows. 三、因果推理常用句型 1.As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, we’ve learned a lot. 2.The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight. 3.Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight. 四、举例型常用句型 1.Here is one more example. 2.Take … for example. 3.This offers a typical instance of... 五、结合全文归纳总结句型 1.Taking into account all the factors, we may safely come to the conclusion that… 2. Judging from all the evidence offered, we may safely arrive at/reach the conclusion that… 3.To sum up/draw a conclusion, we find that…. 六、议论文常用句型 1.It is well-known that… 2.There is no doubt that… 3.Contrary to the popular thought, I prefer… . 4.It is widely accepted that… ...... 七、图表型常用句型 1. The table/pie graph/tree diagram shows/reflects that/how… ...... 2. The data/statistics/figures can be interpreted as follows.
高考英语作文常用的高级句式
书面表达中的高级结构 一．高级词汇 1．occur 替换think of Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house. → An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house. It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house. 2．devote替换spend He spe nds all his spare time in reading. → He devotes all his spare time to reading. 3．seek替换want / look for They sought ( wanted ) to hide themselves behind the trees. 4．average 替换ordinary I’m an average ( ordinary ) student. 5．but替换very The film we saw last night was very interesting. → The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting. The film we saw last night was anything but boring. 6．seat 替换sit On his way to school, he found an old lady seated (sitting) by the road, looking worried. 7．suppose 替换should He is supposed to ( should ) have driven more slowly. 8．appreciate 替换thank Thank you very much for you help. → We appreciate your help very much. / Your help is much appreciated. 9．the case替换true I don’t think it is the cas e ( true ). 10．on替换as soon as As soon as he arrived, he began his research. → On his arrival, he began his research.. 11．due to替换because of He arrived late due to ( because of ) the storm. 12．cover替换walk/read After covering (walking) 10 miles, we all felt tired. 13．contribute to替换be helpful/useful Plenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study. → Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study. 14．round the corner 替换coming soon/ nearby ① The summer vacation is round the corner ( coming). Do you have any plans? ② Li Ming studies in a school round the corner (nearby). 15．come to light替换discover The family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels. → The family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light. 16．have a ball替换have a good time/ enjoy oneself After visiting the workshop, we went back to school. Every one of us had a ball ( had a good time ). 17．come up with替换think of
《实用英语写作1》教学大纲
《实用英语写作1》教学大纲 一、课程基本信息 课程代码：03112B 课程名称：实用英语写作 英文名称：The Practical English Writing 课程类别：学科专业基础课程 学时：34 学分：2 适用专业:英语 先修课程：基础英语、听力、口语、语法、文化阅读系列课程 二、课程的性质与任务 《实用英语写作》是英语专业本科生的一门学科专业基础课程，开设在第三学期。本课程的任务是通过对英语写作基本知识和技巧的学习以及实际写作的练习，要求学生系统掌握有关词汇、句子、段落以及通知便条的基本理论、写作方法及基本写作技巧，能独立完成既定内容的写作。 三、课程教学目标 通过对本课程一学期的学习，学生应该具备基本的英语语句和语篇概念，能熟练运用所学语法知识及词汇组句成段，了解段落布局的基本方法，初步掌握基本修辞方法，具备篇章分析能力，能写出得体的英语段落，熟练段落写作技巧及文体，会写通知、便条。 四、教学方法与手段 教学中采用教师为主导、学生为主体的教学模式，具体运用讲授法、小组讨论法与实践写作相结合的教学方法来完成该课程的教学，引导学生要勤于思考、勇于评论，培养学生的思辨能力和表达能力。充分利用现代化的教学手段，开发新的教学资源。 五、教学内容与课时分配
章节教学内容课时 课时分配讲授实践 第一章课程简介及格式211 第二章词汇844 第三章句子1688 第四章段落633 第五章通知便条211 六、考核方式 1、考核形式：考试 2、过程性考核和期末考试相结合 考试范围涵盖所讲授的实用英语写作课程的全部内容。最终成绩由平时成绩（20%）和期末考试成绩（70%）按一定比例折算后以百分制计，卷面考试试题为选择、判断、配对、改错、填空、应用文写作与篇章写作等题型。 七、教材及主要参考书 1.教材:杨立明,徐克容.现代大学英语基础写作（上下册）[M].北京： 外语教学与研究出版社，2005. 2.主要参考书: 1)Kirszner,L,G.&Mandell,S,R.(2008).The Wadsworth Handbook:Eighth Edition [M].北京：中国人民大学出版社. 2)Langan,J.(2007).College Writing Skills with Readings:Sixth Edition[M]. Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. 3)Weigle,S.C.(2010).Assessing Writing[M]Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. 4）丁往道,吴冰.英语写作手册[M].北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2003. 5）姜亚军,马素萍.英语写作教程[M].北京：高等教育出版社，2008. 6）马红军,毛卓亮.高级英语写作教程[M].北京：中国对外翻译出版社，2003.
英语专业主要课程教学大纲
目录 学院简介 (2) 英语专业培养方案与教学计划 (3) 英语专业主要课程教学大纲 《基础英语》教学大纲 (6) 《高级英语》教学大纲 (15) 《英语听力》教学大纲 (18) 《英语泛读》教学大纲 (19) 《英语口语》教学大纲 (23) 《英语语音》教学大纲 (28) 《英语语法》教学大纲 (29) 《基础英语写作》教学大纲 (31) 《高级英语写作》教学大纲 (33) 《英语测试》教学大纲 (35) 《英美影视欣赏》教学大纲 (36) 《英美报刊阅读》教学大纲 (37) 《口译》教学大纲 (39) 《翻译理论与实践》教学大纲 (41) 《学术论文写作》教学大纲 (43) 《英国文学选读》教学大纲 (44) 《美国文学选读》教学大纲 (47) 《英美文化》教学大纲 (49) 《英语语言学概论》教学大纲 (50) 《应用语言学》教学大纲 (52) 《日语》教学大纲 (55) 《法语》教学大纲 (57)
学院简介 外国语学院具有悠久的办学历史，其前身可溯源至1934年南京医科大学创建时便成立的外语教研室，主要承担全校的公共外语教学工作。2000年，外语教研室更名为外语部，除进行公共外语教学外，于2003年设置了四年制本科英语专业，从而在专业建设方面取得了重要进展。2006年，作为学校大力发展人文学科的重大举措之一，外国语学院正式成立，从而迎来了外语教学与科研发展的全新局面。 外国语学院目前有在编教职工49名，其中专任教师41名，教授、副教授8名；此外，学院还聘有兼职教授、副教授6名，外籍语言专家3名。学院下设英语系、大学外语一部、大学外语二部、研究生外语部、英美文化研究所、外语培训中心、院行政办公室等教学、科研及行政机构，承担全校本科生、研究生公共外语教学及英语专业教学工作。全院教师恪尽职守，教学工作成绩斐然。大学英语四、六级考试及英语专业四、八级考试通过率均居较高水平。在科研工作方面，近五年来我院教师承担了一批具有一定理论及实践价值的科研项目，发表了大量高质量论文并出版了一定数量的专著。 我院现有一个专业—英语专业。我院英语专业课程严格按教育部英语专业教学大纲所要求的主要课程设置。培养学生具有较为深厚的英语语言基础及较为扎实的语言学、英美文学、文化等方面的专业知识。同时，我们又依托本校的强势学科与品牌专业，开设了一定数量的医药类课程，从而形成我院英语专业的办学特色。目前该专业在校人数137人，学生在教师的悉心指导和教育下，学习刻苦、学风端正、英语功底较为扎实，为将来就业打下了坚实的语言基础。首届毕业生（2003级）将于今年7月毕业，其毕业去向主要有二，一是就业。由于社会对外语人才的需求仍十分旺盛，我院英语专业毕业生就业前景良好，主要就业单位包括学校、医院、宾馆、旅行社、外贸、翻译公司等。二是考研。部分毕业生选择考研，主要攻读英语语言、文学、文化等专业的硕士学位，或法律、管理类文科专业的硕士学位。
英语写作优秀范文中常见的65个高级句型
英语写作优秀范文中常见的65个高级句型 高级写作句型对高考英语写作能否得高分甚至满分起着决定性作用，这65个高级句型是英语写作优秀范文中常见的，今天小简老师把它们整理起来分享给大家，希望同学们利用暑假好好看看、记记，对英语写作水平的提高会起到很大的作用! 一、表达个人观点句型 1.As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some exte nt. 就我而言，在某种程度上我同意后者的观点。 2.As far as I am concerned, I am really/completely in favor of the test/p olicy. 就我而言，我真的/完全支持这场测试/这个政策。 3.In conclusion/a word, I believe that… 总之，我相信...... 4.There is some truth in both arguments, but I think the disadvantages o f…outweigh its advantages.这两种观点都有一定的道理，但我认为……的缺点超过了它的优点。 5.In my opinion/view, we should... 在我看来，我们应该...... 6.As for me, I… 至于我，我...... 7.As I see it, … 正如我看到的，...... 8.From my point of view, …. 在我看来，......
9.Personally, I think… 我个人认为...... 10.My view is that… 我的观点是...... 11.I think/consider… 我认为/考虑...... 12.I take/hold a negative/positive view of… 我对......采取/保持消极的/积极的看法。 二、原因分析型常用句型 13.There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to t hree major ones... 有一些原因，但总的来说，归结为三大原因。 14.There are man y factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones. 有很多因素可以解释...…，但以下是最典型的因素。 15.Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following o nes may be most effective. 许多方法可以有助于解决这个问题，但以下的可能是最有效的。 16.Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows. 一般而言，优势可以列举如下。
高级英语写作
《高级英语写作(一)、（二）》教学大纲 李立编写
英语专业课程教学大纲 252 目录 前言 (253) 一、概述 (253) 二、课程教学目的和基本要求 (253) 三、课程主要内容及课时分配 (253) 四、相关教学环节 (254) 五、使用教材 (254) Chapter I Introduction to Advanced English Writing (255) Chapter II Planning an Essay (257) Chapter III Description (261) Chapter IV Narration (264) Chapter V Argumentation (269) Chapter VI Illustration (272) Chapter VII Definition (276) Chapter VIII Classification (279) Chapter IX Contrast and Comparison (283) Chapter X Understanding Cause and Effect Analysis (286) Chapter XI Process Analysis (290) Chapter XII Writing Letters (294) Chapter XIII Writing a Resume and a Cover Letter (298) Chapter XIV Writing Memos (301) 参考书目 (304)
高级英语写作(一)、（二） 前言 一、概述 《高级英语写作教程》(A Course for Advanced English Writing)是为外国语学院英语专业本科生第4、5学期开设的一门专业必修课。 在我国日益融入全球化进程的今天，英语书面交际能力在对外交流中占据着越来越重要的地位。这种重要性表现在对书面交际的需求日益增加、对写作能力的要求日益提高两个方面。高层次的书面交流，不仅要求使用语法正确、句子通顺、结构完整的英语表达思想，更重要的是要从中西文化差异、思维方式差异和表达习惯差异的角度出发，学会针对不同对象和目标，运用不同的语言达到交际和沟通的目的。 《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》对本科生大三、大四的英语写作能力提出了明确而量化的要求。与此同时，近年英语专业八级统测的作文题目越来越向测试学生使用英语表达创造性思维的方向发展。 全球化发展大环境的需求和《教学大纲》对英语写作提出的新要求，从两个不同侧面为高级英语写作教学指明了方向。英语专业高级写作教学的基本任务和目标，应该是帮助学生了解中西方思维、表达方式的差异，学会使用西方人更习惯因而更容易接受的方式表达思想，成功而又创造性地进行书面交流。本课程大纲就是在这样的方针指导下编写完成的。 二、课程教学目的和基本要求 本课程旨在使学生1）用英语连贯性地表达思想，2）了解不同体裁的英语写作，掌握不同体裁的结构特点及写作风格，以及3）了解并练习英语实用文体写作。 本课程要求学生完成以下三个方面并以此综合评分：（1）上课出勤及课堂讨论（30%）；（2）作业（40%）和（3）期末考试（30%）. 三、课程主要内容及课时分配 本课程分两大部分。 第一部分包括描写文、叙述文、论说文等各种不同体裁的写作。每讲分两部分。第一部分详细解释该体裁的结构特点和写作策略等。第二部分是范文选读，通过阅读该体裁的名家佳作数篇，使学生了解不同体裁的写作风格，最后布置适量的练习。 253