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托福570核心词汇词源解析_王鑫

托福570核心词汇词源解析_王鑫
托福570核心词汇词源解析_王鑫

托福570核心词汇速记—上

a bando

bandon n放弃;遗弃v.go away from a person or thing or place

band age n.绷带(band-绑,age-名词后缀)

band it n.强盗(强盗就是把你给“绑起来”)

bound ary界限(把一个地区或国家给“绑”起来,就成界限了)

bound界限

abound充满

abstract抽象的adj.existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or practical dis tract v分散;使混乱(dis分开+tract→思想被拉开→分心,分散)

ex tract v抽出;提炼出(ex出+tract→拉出来→提炼出)

re tract v缩进;退缩(re往回+tract→向后拉→缩进)

con tract合同(con-共同,合同就是拉住对方,起限制作用)

academy学院,学术n.school for special training

access通路,入口n.~means of approaching or entering(a place);way in re cess休息;隐居(re回+cess→走回去→休息)

re cess ion撤退;交还(recess+ion→走回去→撤退)

pro cess进度

accommodate提供住宿,供给,调节v.provide lodging or room for

mod esty n谦虚,有礼

rem odel v改形;改造(re再+mod+el→再造模型→改形)

mod ify v修改(mod+ify→规范化→修改)

com mod ity n商品(com共同+mod+ity→按照同样的模式做出来的东西→商品)accompany陪伴v.walk or travel with(sb)as a companion or helper;escort pan try n.面包房,食品室

accumulate积聚,堆积v.gradually get or gather together an increasing number

accurate精确的adj.free from error

se cure v.把...弄牢;使安全;adj.安全的,放心的,可靠的

se cur ity n.保安

ass ure保证,担保

ens ure保证,确保

a chieve达到v.gain or reach(sth),usu by effort,skill,courage,etc

a cknowledge承认,答谢v.accept the truth of admit(sth)

acquire获得,取得,学到v.gain(sth)by one's own ability,efforts or behaviour

写作替代get的闪光词汇!!

in quire v.询问,问明,查究

query n.疑问,疑问号,质问;v.问

en quire v.询问,调查

quest ionnaire n.调查表

adapt使...适应,改编v.~sth(for sth)make sth suitable for

ad apt able有适应能力的

in apt不适当的;无能的(in-表否定+apt能力)

ad ept熟练的,老练的(ad+ept=apt→有能力→熟练的)

adequate足够的,充足的,适当的,能胜任的adj.~satisfactory in quantity or quality equ al a相等的,平等的

equal ity n平等

equa tion n方程式

equat or n赤道(equate+or→平分地球的地方→赤道)

adjacent毗连的,邻近的,接近的having a common endpoint

【词源解析】ad-强调,jec-来自ject(扔,投掷),ent后缀;不断向你仍过来→靠近。向里仍进去是注射-in ject,向前仍出去的是目标-pro ject,向下仍下去给大家讨论的是主体-sub ject,把别人送你的东西向后仍回去就是拒绝-re ject

adjust调整,使...适于v.put(sth)into the correct order or position;arrange

【词源解析】单词just的意思除了我们所熟知的“正好,刚刚”,还有“正义的,公正的”之意,且本身可以做词根,相当于“right正确,正义”。知道这一点,adjust的内涵也就不言而喻:使某物更正确或者更合适,故有“调整,调节”之意,ad-=to。

【同源扩展】

just a.正义的,公正的adv.正好,刚刚,仅仅

just ice n.正义,公平;司法,审判;法官

just ify v.证明...是正当的;为...辩护(-ify动词后缀)

a dministrate管理,治理v.to administer

【同源扩展】

ad ministr ation n行政,管理(administer+ation)

di min ish v减少;缩小(di向下+min+ish→小下去→缩小)

min ority n少数;未成年(minor小或少+ity→少的状态→少数)

adult成人adj.grown to full size or strength

【词源解析】ad-强调,ult=old(成长),old的原意也就是成长,不断地成长,也就是老了。为了加深印象,我们再来看一个简单词world。什么才是世界呢?答案是:男人的岁月!wor 是男人的意思,ld=old,在这里是age的含义。英语单词里重男轻女的现象不得不承认啊!【同源扩展】

adol escent青春期,青少年(escent表示开始,开始长成成人的时期→青春期)

ab ol ish废除(ab-离开,ol-old,ish后缀,在它还在生长的时候离开→废除)

advocate主张,提倡v.speak publicly in favour of(sth);recommend;support voc ation n职业;使命(voc+ation→受到召唤→使命;这里的voc可以理解为“召唤,呼唤”。既然你选择这份工作是上天对你的“召唤”,所以你特别适合的,或者是特别有天分的工作就被称为“vacation”;注意和vacation-假期区分开来,vacation中的vac-表示“空”,空闲出来的时间就是假期了)

con vok e v召集(con共同+voke→喊到一起)

con voc ation n召集,集会

affect影响,作用,感动v.have an influence on(sb/sth);produce an effect on af fect ion n感情;友情(affect+ion→感动→感情)

af fect ation n假装(affect+ation→做出的感动→假装)

af fect ive a令人感动的(affect感动+ive表示主动的形容词→令人感动的)aggregate聚集v.~sb(fml)be formed or bring sb into an assembled group or amount

aid帮助n.help

albeit虽然conj although

【词源解析】albeit=al be it=al(though)it be,虽然

allocate分配v.~sth allot or assign sth(to sb/sth)for a special purpose

loc ate v坐落,位于(loc+ate)

loc ation n场所,位置(locate+ion)

al loc ation n分配(allocate+ion)

re loc ate v重新定位(re重新+locate)

alter改变v.become different;change in character,position,size,shape,etc

a lternative替换,二选一adj.available in place of sth else;other

a mbiguous模棱两可的,不确定的adj.having more than one possible meaning

a mend修正v.correct an error in(sth);make minor improvements in;change slightly

a mend ment n改正,(宪法)修正

e mend v校订,改正(e出+mend→改正出错误→改正)

e mend ation n校订

analogy相似,类似n.~partial similarity between two things that are compared

【词源解析】ana-前缀,在...上面或旁边,logy-来自log-说,在旁边说的东西→相似log ic n逻辑(学)(说话的学问→逻辑学)

cata log ue n目录,一览表(cata下面+logue在下面要说的话→目录)

pro log ue n开场白(pro在前+logue→在前面说)

analyse分析v.separate into its parts in order to study its nature or structure

【词源解析】ana-分开,lyse-=loose松开,如果把问题比作一个结的话,分析问题就是要把那个结给松开。词根lax-也来源于此。

a nnual每年的adj.happening every year

ann iversary n.周年纪念(ann年+i(元音填充字母)+vers转+ary名词后缀→周年纪念)a nticipate预期,期待v.expect

apparent明显的,表面上的adj.clearly seen or understood;obvious trans parent a透明的;明白的(trans穿过+parent→穿过去能看见→透明的)

a ppend附加,悬挂v.~sth(fml)attach or add sth(esp in writing)

pend ant n下垂物a.吊着的(pend+ant)

ap pend ix n附录,补遗(append+ix表名词)

a ppreciate感激,欣赏v.understand and enjoy(sth);value highly

ap praise v评估(ap加强动作+praise→给以价值→评估)

preci ous a珍贵的(prec+ious→有价值的)

approach靠近https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e22152745.html,e near or nearer to in space or time

approach able易接近的(appoach+able→能够接近的)

a ppropriate合适的adj.~suitable;right and proper

propr iety适当,得体

im proper不正确的

arbitrary任意的,恣意的adj.based on personal opinion or impulse,not on reason bat ter v连续猛打(bat+ter常表示连续动作,如stutter口吃)

com bat n战斗(com共同+bat→共同→共同打→战斗)

bat on n棍,警棍(bat+on)

area领域n.extent or measurement of a surface

aspect方面,外貌n.particular part or feature of sth being considered circum spect a慎重的(circum周围+spect→看周围→小心的)

ex pect v期待,盼望(ex出+spect→看出去→期待)

in spect v检查;视察(in内+spect→看进去→视察)

pro spect n展望,前景(pro向前+spect→向前看→展望)

re spect v/n尊敬(re再+spect→再看一眼→尊敬)

retro spect v回顾,回想(retro向后+spect看→向后看→回顾)

a ssemble聚集https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e22152745.html,e together;collect

simi larity n类似(similar相似的+ity)

as simi late v同化;贯通(as不断+simil+ate→不断相同→同化)

re sem ble v类似,像…一样(re再+semble→再一样→类似)

sim ulate模仿,冒充(做一样的东西)

assess评估v.~sth decide or fix the amount of sth

assess ment v评估,估价

assess or n.估计财产的人,确定税款的人

assign分配,指派v.~sth to sb give sth to sb as a share of work to be done

assist帮助v.~in/with sth;~(sb)in doing sth(fml)help

【词源解析】as-强调,sist-“站立”,s-强调,i衔接字母,st-=stand。站在一起→帮助assist ant n助手,助理(assist+ant→帮助之人)

con sist v由…组成;与…一致(con共同+sist→站到一起→组成)

assume假定,设想,承担v.accept as true before there is proof

【词源解析】as-强调,sum-拿,取。

con sume v消费,吃光(con全部+sume→全部拿光→消费)

as sum ption n假设,承担(as+sumpt+ion,加上pt是为了衔接后缀)

pre sum e假定,推测

assure确保v.tell(sb)positively or confidently

sure ty n保证;保证人

assure nce n保证

in sur ance n,保险

attach系上,附上v.~sth fasten or join sth(to sth)

attain或得,达到v.succeed in getting(sth);achieve

attitude态度,看法n.~way of thinking or behaving

attribute归于,属于v.~sth to sb/sth regard sth as belonging to

author作者n.writer of a book,play,etc

automate自动化v.cause to operate by automation

available可用的adj.that can be used or obtained

val uable a有价值的(val+uable→因为强壮,所以有价值)

de valu ate v减价,贬值(de下降+val+uate→价值下降)

e valu ate v估价,评价(e出+val+uate→出价值→估价)

aware知道,意识到adj.~of sb/sth;~that...having knowledge or realization of sb/sth una ware a不知道的(un+aware意识到)

awar eness n意识,知觉(aware+ness)

behalf代表,利益in the interest of sb

benefit利益n.profit;gain;future good(used esp with the vs and preps shown)

bias偏见

bond债券n.written agreement or promise that has legal force;covenant

brief简短的https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e22152745.html,sting only a short time;short

capable能力adj.having ability;able;competent

capacity能力,容量n.ability to hold or contain sth

category种类,类别n.class or group of things in a complete system of grouping

cease停止https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e22152745.html,e or bring(sth)to an end;stop

challenge挑战n.~(to do sth)invitation or call(to sb)to take part in a game

channel河道,通道n.sunken bed of a river,stream or canal

【词源解析】channel来自canal,c-ch互换,管道的意思。canal表示管道可能来自cane(甘蔗),我们吃的甘蔗很像一个个管道啊!

chapter章节n.(usu numbered)division of a book

chart图表n.detailed map used to help navigation at sea,showing coasts,,etc chemical化学的adj.of or relating to chemistry

circumstance环境n.condition or fact connected with an event or action

【词源解析】circum-周围,来自circle,stance-来自stand-站立,站在周围的东西→环境sta ble a稳定的(st+able→能站的→稳定的)

ob sta cle n障碍(物)(ob反+sta+acle→反着站的东西→障碍物)

cite引用quote;commend

cit ation引用,引证

in cite鼓励

in cit ation激动

civil国内的,公民的adj.of or relating to the citizens of a country

civil ity n谦恭,礼仪(civil市民→文明+ity→谦恭有礼)

civi lian n民众,平民(civil+ian)

civili zation n文明,文化

clarify阐明,澄清v.(cause sth to)become clear or easier to understand

【词源解析】clar-演变自clear,ify动词后缀

clear ance清算;清除

clari fication澄清;纯化

de clare宣称;断言(说清楚)

classic古典的,一流的adj.having a high quality that is recognized and unquestioned 【词源解析】来自class,最初是指古罗马最高阶层的人们,后面引申出古典和一流的意思。clause分句,从句n.group of words that includes a subject1(4a)and a verb

code密码n.(system of)words,symbols,etc that represent others,used for secret de code破译(de+code密码→去掉密码)

coherent一致的,明了的adj.connected logically or consistent;easy to understand;clear 【词源解析】co-全部、一起,her-粘附,ent后缀,黏在一起→连贯

ad here v粘着,依附(ad-强调+here→粘上)

hes itate v踌躇,犹豫(hest+itate粘粘糊糊→犹豫)

hes itation n踌躇,犹豫(hesitate+ion)

coincide同时发生,巧合v.~(of events)occur at the same time

collapse倒塌v.fall down or in suddenly

【词源解析】col-全部,辅音同化的结果,lapse-=slip,滑落的意思全部滑下→倒塌lap se v堕落;犯错误n.失误,差错

e lap se v(时光)流逝(e出+lapse→滑出去→时光流出)

colleague同事n.person with whom one works,esp in a profession or business leg al a法律的

leg ality n合法性

il leg al a不合法的(il不+legal合法的)

re lig ion宗教(宗教其实就是要束缚人们的思想)

commer r ce商业,贸易business

comme

com merc ial adj.商业的n.商业广告(ial形容词后缀)

merc enary adj.惟利是图的n.雇佣兵

merch ant n.商人(merch商业+ant表示人→商人)

merch andise n.商品(merchand商人+ise名词后缀→商人的东西→商品)comment评论n.~written or spoken remark giving an opinion

commission委员会;委任n.~action,task or piece of work given to sb to do

【词源解析】com-共同,miss-送,ion后缀,共同送出/选出的人→委员会miss ion n派遣;使命(miss+ion,送出→派遣)

dis miss v解散;罢免(dis分开+miss→分开送→解散)

e miss ive a发出的,放射的(e出+miss送+ive→送出去)

c ommodity商品,日用品n.thing bought in a shop an

d put to use,esp in th

e home communicate交流v.~sth make sth known;convey sth

【同源扩展】com-共同、全部,mun-交换,icate-后缀;交流就是把大家知道的东西相互交换。mun-表示交换,来自mut-改变,移动,来自move。交换后进而引申出公共的含义。熟词收获词根mut。

mut able a易变的(mut+able能…的→能变的)

mut ate v变化,变异(mut+ate→变化)

mut ual a相互的(mut+ual→你变我也变→相互的)

compatible兼容,能共处的adj.suited;that can exist together

【词源解析】来自compassion同情,同情你的,可以和你共处的。com-共同,passion-感情,有共同感情的→同情

【同源扩展】

pass ion n激情

pass ive a消极的,被动的

im pass ive a冷漠的

compensate偿还v.~for sth give(sb)sth good to balance

【词源解析】com-全部,pens-钱、花费,把花费的钱全部拿回来→赔偿。pens-pend,pend 最初是悬挂的意思,人们称重量,称银两也是用悬挂的方法,进而引申出钱,花费的含义了。如expensive-昂贵的,就是表示要花钱的

【同源扩展】

ex pend iture n支出,开销

pen sion n年金;养老金

dis pen se v分配,分送

compile编译v.~sth(for/from sth)collect(information)and arrange it in a book complement补足n.~thing that goes well or suitably with sth else,or makes it complete

【词源解析】com-全部,ple-来自full-满,和plenty同源,全部填满→补足ple ntitude n丰富,充足(plent+itude→满的状态→丰富)

accom pli sh v成就;完成(ac+com+pli+ish→全部弄满→完成)

com pli ment v赞扬,恭维(com全部+pli+ment→让人十分满足→恭维别人)

complex复杂adj.made up of(usu several)closely connected parts

component成分n.any of the parts of which sth is made

【词源解析】com-全部,pon=pound=put-放置,共同的放到一起→组成,成分op pon ent v对立的n.对手(op反+pon+ent→反着放→对立的)

pro pon e v提议,提出(pro向前+pone→把意思向前放→提议)

com pound n化合物(com全部+pound放→全部放到一起→化合物)comprehensive综合的,广泛的adj.that includes everything

apprehend v理解;忧虑;逮捕

apprehens ible a可理解的

apprehens ion n理解;忧虑;逮捕

comprise包含v.have as parts or members;be made up of

【词源解析】简化自comprehensive

conceive怀孕v.become pregnant

【词源解析】con-=together,ceive-=cap-拿,把精子和卵子“拿”到一起来,不就怀孕了吗?

c oncentrate浓缩,集中v.focus on sth

a centr ic无中心的

centri petal向心的

con centra tion集中;浓缩

c oncept概念n.~idea underlying sth;general notion

conclude结论v.~(with sth)(usu fml)come or bring(sth)to an end

concurrent同时发生的adj.~existing,happening or done at the same time

【词源解析】con-全部,cur-跑,发生,ent后缀,共同跑→同时发生。cur表示跑可由car-车来记忆

cur rent n流动的,n.潮流(currr+cnt→跑的→流动的)

cur rency n流传;流通的货币(跑来跑去的钱→流通货币)

cur riculum v课程(表)(curr+iculum表名词→学员跑来跑去的依据→课表)conduct行为,举动n.person's behaviour

【词源解析】con-全部,duct-引导,我们熟知的一个词education-教育,e出+duc-引导+ate,在西方人眼里,教育就是要引导你出来,而不是像我们的继承思想

aque duct n导水管(aque水+duct)

e duce v引出,引起(e出+ducc→引出)

e duct ion n引出;推断(e+duct+ion)

de duce v推论,演绎(de向下+duce引→向下引→推论)

confer商议v.~(with sb)(on/about sth)have discussions

【词源解析】con-共同,fer-带来,共同带来观点→协商

fer ry v渡运n.渡口,渡船(fer+ry→带来带去的东西→渡船)

con fer ence n商量;会议

confine限制v.~sb/sth keep(a person or an animal)in a restricted space

confirm确认,核实v.provide evidence for the truth

af firm v断言;证实(ar一再+firm→一再坚定地说→证实)

conflict矛盾,冲突n.struggle;fight

【词源解析】con-共同,flict-打→共同打→冲突

af flict v使苦恼;折磨(af一再+filct→一再打击→折磨)

af flict ion n苦恼;苦难(afflict+ion)

in flict v导致破坏或痛苦

conform使一致,遵守,使顺从v.~keep to or comply with

【词源解析】con-全部,form-形状;全部都一样的形状→一致;变形金刚的英文名是:the Transformers,trans这里理解成“变”,form就是“形”。

form al a正式的,正规的(form+al)

form ula n公式;信条(form+ula表名词→形成的东西→公式)

con form ity n一致,相符(conform+ity)

uni form a一致的;n.制服(uni一个+form→一种形状→一致的)

consent同意v.~give agreement or permission

【词源解析】con-全部,sent-=sense-感觉,

sens ible a能感觉的;明智的(sens+ible)

sens itive a敏感的(sens+itive)

senti mental a多感情的;感伤的(sentiment+al)

consequent随之发生的adj.~(fml)following sth as a result or an effect

【词源解析】con-全部,sequ-跟随,ent-后缀;全部都跟在后面→跟在后面发生seque nce n连续(sequ+ence→跟随→连续)

con seque nce n后果,结果(con共同+sequ+ence→随之而来的全部东西→后果)

sub seque nce n随后发生(sub在后面+sequ+ence→随在后面的)

pur sue v追赶;追击(pur-=pre-向前)

c onsiderable相当的,可观的,重要的adj.great in amount or size

【词源解析】con-全部,sider-演变自star-星星;consider-思考在古代最初的含义就是看星星,古人们通过观测星象来推测人间的吉凶祸福。如同现代人有通过看黄历来考虑什么日子益婚丧嫁娶一样。所以古人们观测星辰的这一动作,就是我们现在常说的consider-考虑。如果在夜观天象时人们突然发现,亘古不变的一颗星辰今夜偶有偏移,那叫做星位不正,主大凶。这种思想体现在另一个单词disaster上。前缀dis表否定,aster-星星。consider-考虑,加上able后缀变成形容词considerable,就是值得考虑的,什么才是值得考虑的呢?——不就是那些great in amount or size的吗?

consist组成v.(phr v)consist of sth be composed or made up of sth

【词源解析】con共同,sist-站,站到一起→组成

constant始终,不变的adj.going on all the time;happening again and again

【词源解析】con-共同,stant-stand-站,一直站着,永恒不变的

constitute构成,组成v.(fml)make up or form(a whole);be the components of constrain强迫v.make(sb)do sth by strong(moral)persuasion or by force

【词源解析】con-全部、一起,strain-拉;拉到一起→限制,强制;strain表示拉和前面讲到的tract同源,这里tr前面加上s表示强调,生成了str-

construct构造v.build(sth);put or fit together;form

【词源解析】con-全部,struct-建立

struct ure n构造;结构

recon struct v重建(re重新+construct→重新建造)

in struct n指导,教导(in进+struct→把知识建立进去→指导)

consult咨询v.~sb/sth go to(a person,book,etc)for information,advice,etc consume消费https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e22152745.html,e(sth)up

contact联系n.~state of touching(used esp with the vs shown)

contemporary同时代的adj.belonging to the same time

【词源解析】con-共同,tempor-时间,ary-后缀;共同时间的→同时代的

tempor ary a临时的(tempor+ary→有时间性的→临时的)

tempor al a现世的;暂时的(tempor+al)

ex tempor e a即席的;临时的(ex出+tempore→超出时间安排→临时的)

context上下文writings preceding and following passage quoted

【词源解析】con-共同,text-作为词根讲是编织的意思,最为单词时课文的意思;共同编织在一起的→上下文

text ile n纺织品(text+ile→编织出的物品)

text ure n结构;质地(text+ure→编制状态→结构)

contract合约n.~(for sth/to do sth)legally binding agreement,usu in writing

contradict否定,反驳v.say sth that conflicts with by(sb)

bene dict ion n祝福(bene好+dict说+ion→说好话)

pre dict v预言;预告(pre-预先+dict-说)

ab dic ate v放弃;退位(ab离开+dic说,命令+ate→不再命令→退位)

in dic ate v指出

contrary相反的,对立的adj.opposite in nature,tendency or direction

contra vene违反,违背(contra-反+vene走→反着走→违反)

contra band走私(contra-反+band禁止/命令→违反命令做事→走私)

contrast对比v.~A and/with B compare so that differences are made clear

contribute贡献v.~(to/towards sth)give one's share of(money,help,advice,etc) controversy争论n.~public discussion which many people disagreement

【词源解析】contro-反,versy,来自verse,表示“转”。请体会在争论中持不同意见的人转身背对对方的情景。我们常说的大学是university,uni-统一,vers-转,统一旋转的物体是宇宙(universe),由宇宙再引申为知识,大学就是知识汇集的地方!

convene召集v.summon to come together;arrange(a meeting,etc)

【词源解析】con-全,vene-来,全部召集来。

con ven tion n集会;惯例(con全部+vent走来+ion→大家全部走到→起来→集会)pre vent v防止,阻止(pre事先+vent→预先来到→抢先一步,防止别人)

re venue n收入,岁入(re回+venue→付出劳动后回来的东西→收入)

inter vene v干涉,介入(inter中间+ven+e→走到中间来→干涉)

convince说服,使信服v.~sb make sb feel certain;cause sb to realize

【词源解析】con-强调,vince-征服和victory-胜利同源。希腊神话中的胜利女神是Niche-尼克(Nike的品牌来源!),罗马神话中的胜利女神是victoria-维多利亚,我们现在比赛胜利后都会做成一个v字形手势,就象征着胜利啦。

con vict v证明...有罪(con-强调+vict征服→把对方彻底征服→证明对方有罪)

e vict v逐出(e出+vict→征服把人赶出去)

in vinc inle a不可克服的(in不+vinc+ible→不可征服的)

cooperate合作to work or act together

【词源解析】co-共同,operate-操作,来自oper-工作work的意思。W字母脱落。

coordinate协调vt.to organize or integrate(diverse elements)in a harmonious operation

【词源解析】co-全部,ordinate-命令,核心部分ordin-来源于order-命令/顺序。这个单词最开始的意思是“把所有的东西按顺序放好”,强行可不行,渐渐就演变成“协调”的含义了,通过协调,才能把东西按顺序放好。我们常见的一个单词ordinary-普通的,就是有序的,听命令安排的

【同源扩展】

ord ain n规定;命令(ordin的变体)

extra ord inary a特别的,超常的(extra超+ordinary普通的)

sub ord inate a附属的;服从的n.部下(sub下面+ordin+ate→顺序在下→附属的)

core核心,要点n.centre of such fruits as the apple and pear,containing the seeds corporate共同的,全体的adj.of or shared by all the members of a group;collective

【词源解析】corpor-表示“身体,团体”

corpor ation n公司,团体(corpor+ation表名词)

correspond一致,符合v.~be in agreement;not contradict sth or each other

couple夫妻n.two people or things that are seen together

create创造v.cause to exist;make(sth new or original)

credit信任,学分

【词源解析】来自cred-,表示“相信,信任”,可用信用卡credit card来帮助记忆creed n信条;纲领(creed相信→信条)

cred itable a可以信任的(credit相信+able能…的)

cred ible a可靠的,可信的(cred相信+ible能…的)

crucial关键的adj.~very important;decisive

【词源解析】来源于cross-十字路口,引申为关键的。托福写作中替代important的高级闪光词汇!!

culture文化n.refined understanding and appreciation of art,literature,etc culti vate v耕作;培养(cult+ivate表动词)

culti vation n栽培;培养(cultivate+ion)

currency货币n.money system in use in a country

data数据n.facts or information used in deciding or discussing sth

d ebate辩论,争论,讨论formal argument or discussion of a question

【词源解析】de-加强语气,bate-来自beat,“打,击”的意思。我们常见的蝙蝠-bat就是以其翅膀快速得拍打而得名。

decade十年n.period of ten years

decline倾斜;倒退;谢绝v.say`no'to(sth);refuse(sth offered),usu politely

【词源解析】de-向下,cline-“倾斜,斜坡”。

in cline倾斜;偏向(in进入+cline→进入斜→偏向,喜爱)

disin clined不愿意的(dis不+inclined喜欢的)

deduce推断v.~sth arrive at(facts,a theory,etc)by reasoning;infer sth

【词源解析】de-向下,duc-引导

define定义v.~sth state precisely the meaning of(eg words)

definite确定的adj.clear;not doubtful

d emonstrate展示,论证v.~sth(to sb)show sth clearly by giving proof or evidence

【词源解析】monstr=show,表示“显示”

【同源扩展】

monster n怪物(显示出来的怪物)

de monstr ation n证明;示威游行

re monstr ation n抗议,反对

denote表示,指示v.be the name,sign or symbol of(sth);refer to

【词源解析】de-强调,note-注意/知道,最初的含义是标记,来源于knot-打结,古人用打结来标记。整个单词就是要表示要让你知道。我们学过一个简单词叫notice,同源。

not able a值得注意的(not+able能…的)

noti on n见解;观念

not orious a恶名昭著的(not+orious多…的→多得惹人注意的)

deny否定v.say that(sth)is not true

【词源解析】de-强调,ny-=no,表否定。deny演变出了词根neg-否定的意思neg lect v忽视,不顾(neg+lect选择→不选择→忽视)

neg ate v否认;取消(neg+ate)

ab neg ate v拒绝;否认(ab加强+negate否认→拒绝)

depress沮丧v.make sad and without enthusiasm

【词源解析】de-向下,press-压,向下压你,把你搞得情绪低落

press ure n压力(press+ure)

com press v压缩,缩短(com全部+press→全部压到一起)

de press ion n沮丧;萧条(depress+ion)

im press v盖印;使感动(im进+press→压进去→盖印→印入头脑→感动)

derive起源v.~sth from sth obtain sth from sth;get sth from sth

【词源解析】de-来自,rive-河流,来自river,就是源头的意思。

【同源扩展】

riv ulet小河(let表示“小”)

riv al竞争对手(原意是“住在河对岸的人”或“共饮一江水的人”。古往今来,一江一河往往成为江河两岸的人纷争之源,双方为竞争用水权、捕鱼权等往往由近邻变成竞争对手,有的甚至发生冲突。因此,当rival在16世纪转到法语进入英语时,很自然就被赋予了“竞争对手”的含义了)

design设计n.~(for sth)drawing or outline from which sth may be made

despite尽管,不管prep without being affected by

detect察觉,探测v.discover or recognize that(sth)is present

【词源解析】de-否定,tect-表示“盖上”,不要盖上就是揭开,和discover如出一辙unde tect ed v未被发觉的(un不+detect+ed)

pro tect v保护;防止(pro在前面+tect→在前面盖上→保护)

deviate偏离

【词源解析】de-离开,via-表示“路”,简化自way。

via n道路prve经过

tri via l a琐碎的(按字面理解为“三条路的汇合点”——tri三+vi-路。据说,古罗马妇女从市场回家的路上,喜欢停在路口的汇合点和其他人闲聊,内容自然是些无关紧要或琐碎的事情,所以trivial就表示那些无关紧要或琐碎的事情了)

devote献身v.~oneself/sth to sb/sth give to sb/sth;dedicate;

【词源解析】de-强调,vote-发誓,来自vow,拟声。我们说的选举/投票-vote也同出一源,投票前需要发誓以示真诚。

differentiate区分,区别v.show sth to be different(from sth else)

【词源解析】来自different

dimension维,尺寸n.measurement of any sort

diminish变小v.become smaller or less;decrease

【词源解析】di-强调,mini-小

discrete离散的,不连续的adj.separate;distinct

【词源解析】这个词有点难理解。dis-分开,crete-区分、辨别、判断,和crisis-危机同源;crisis-危机可以理解为是判断失误,或者说是不能正确区分对错,不能明辨是非,危机就产生了。cret-作为词根,最初表示“separate-分开”,接着有了“判断-judge”的含义,判断/辨别就是要把好坏善恶分开。最后引申到“确信-sure”,这样就好理解certain和crisis其实也是同源的了。

dis cern辨别;区分(dis分开+cern→分开搞清→区别)

dis cri minate辨别,歧视

displace取代,置换v.move from the usual or correct place

【词源解析】dis-分开,place-地方/位置

re place v复职;代替(re重新+place→重新放→复职,引申为“代替”)

re place ble a可代替的(replace+able)

plaza广场,市场

dispose安排,处理v.place(sb/sth)in a suitable way;arrange

【词源解析】dis-分开,pose-放

distinct清楚的,明显的adj.easily heard,seen,felt or understood;definite

【词源解析】dis-分开,stinct-=sting-刺,来自stick;把刺分开,最初指区分某些东西,可以区分的就是明显的。Stick-最原始是表示“尖”的东西,刺是尖的,人们用尖尖的东西可以把东西订在木头上,进而引申出了“订”的含义了,“坚持”就是信念牢牢地“订”在心里面我们用2个熟悉的同源词来巩固这个词根:ticket和style。Ticket最初是表示“订”,最初是指订在门上或者墙上公示给别人看的小纸条,后面引申为“门票”;古罗马人是用“尖”头铁笔在蜡板上写字的,要写得好,就需要有驾驭铁笔的能力,style(文体、文风),其实也就是他驾驭钢笔的能力。

【同源扩展】

sti ngy a小气的(sting+y→像刺一样小的心胸→小气的)

di sti nguish a区别;辩出(dis分开+stingu=sting+ish→把刺分开→区别)

ex ting uish v熄灭(ex+stingu+ish→把刺拿出去→刺引申为火焰→灭火)

in stinct a本能,本性(in内+stinct→内在的刺激→本能)

distort曲解,扭曲v.pull or twist out of its usual shape

【词源解析】dis-完全,可以理解为强调,tort-扭曲,来自twist,最终来自two,把2条树枝盘绕起来。

tort ure n折磨,拷问(tort+ure→扭曲别人→折磨)

tort uous a曲折的(tort+uous→弯曲的)

distribute分配v.~sth separate sth into parts and give a share to each person or thing diverse不同的,多种多样的adj.of different kinds;varied

【词源解析】di-表方向,verse-转,朝着不同方向转→多样的

document文件n.paper,form,book,etc giving information about sth

【词源解析】doc-教,ment-名词后缀,用来教的东西→文件,我的文档(My document)

domain域,领域https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e22152745.html,nds owned or ruled by a nobleman,government,etc

【词源解析】来自dome-家

dome stic驯养的;家庭的

dom inate支配,控制

draft草稿n.rough preliminary written version of sth

【词源解析】来自drag-拉,参加draw

drama戏剧n.play for the theatre,radio or TV

duration持续n.time during which sth lasts or continues

【词源解析】dur-持久,坚硬,和during同源

dur able a持久的

en dure v持久,耐久(en进入+dure_进入持久→耐久)

ob dur ate a顽固的,执拗的(ob坚持+dur+ate_坚持硬→顽固)

dynamic活力adj.of power or forces that produce movement

【词源解析】dyn-力量,演变自do-做

dyn asty n王朝

dyn amics n动力学(dynam+ics学科→力量学→动力学)

economy经济n.avoidance of waste(of money,strength,time,resources,etc)

edit编辑v.prepare for publication,eg in a book,newspaper,or magazine

element元素n.~necessary or characteristic part of sth

eliminate消灭;删除v.~sb/sth remove(esp sb/sth that is not wanted or needed)

【词源解析】e-向外,limin-表示门槛,限制,来自limit

emerge浮现,出现v.~come out or up(from water,etc)

【词源解析】e-向外,merg表示“沉,没”

emerg ency n突然事件(emerge+ency→突然出现的事情)

im merge v沉入,浸入(im进入+merge→沉进去→沉入)

emphasis强调n.force or stress given to a word or words when spoken,to make the meaning clear or to show importance

empirical经验主义的adj.based on observation or experiment,not on theory

【词源解析】per=try,表示“尝试”,什么是专家-ex per t呢?专家就是勇于尝试的人!

【同源扩展】

peri l v冒险n.危险

peri lous a危险的

ex peri ence n经验,经历

ex peri ment n实验

enable使能够v.make able to do sth by giving him the necessary authority or means encounter遇见v.meet or find oneself faced by(sth/sb unpleasant,dangerous,difficult,etc) energy能量n.ability to act or work with strength and eagerness

en erg ize v给予能量

en erg etic a充满活力的

enforce强迫v.~sth force people to obey(a law,etc);make sth effective

【词源解析】en-强调,force-表示“强大,力量”

rein force v加强,巩固(re再次+in+force→再次增加力量)

fort n要塞,堡垒

fort ify v加固,加强(fort+ify→力量化→加固)

enhance提高,加强v.increase make(sb/sth)look better

enormous巨大的adj.very large;immense托福替换big的闪光词汇

ensure保证,确保v.make sure;guarantee

entity存在,实体n.thing with distinct and real existence

environment环境n.conditions,circumstances,etc affecting people's lives

equate等同,使相等v.~sth consider sth as equal or equivalent(to sth else)

【词源解析】equ-相等,-ate动词后缀

equip装备v.~sb/sth(with sth)supply sb/sth

equivalent等价的adj.~equal in value,amount,meaning,importance,etc

【词源解析】equi-相等,val-力量,力量平等→相等的

erode侵蚀v.destroy or wear(sth)away gradually

【词源解析】rod表示“咬”,来自rat-老鼠

【同源扩展】

rod ent n啮齿动物

cor ros ive a腐蚀性的

e rosi on n侵蚀,腐蚀

error错误n.thing done wrongly;mistake

【同源扩展】

er rant a漫游的;错误的

ab er rant a越轨的;异常的

eventual最后的adj.happening at last as a result托福写作替换at last的高级词汇evident明显的adj.~(that...)obvious(to the eye or mind);clear

【词源解析】e-强调,vid=see表示“看”

visi ble a可见的

vis ion n视力,眼界

evolve发展,进化v.(cause to)develop naturally and(usu)gradually

【词源解析】e-强调,volv=roll,turn,表示“卷,转”。volume,意思是书籍的“卷”,卷者,转也,也就是通过“转”把平面的书变成圆轴状以便于携带。在纸发明以前,古代中国的书是竹简或帛,西方则是用莎草或羊皮,只有卷起来才能方便携带。书是人卷起来的,人有时会有意无意卷到某些事里面去,这个卷入,英语就叫involve,in咱们很熟悉,是“进入”的意思,旋转进去了,就是“卷入”。除了具体的转之外,还有一些抽象的转,也可以用vol-,如革命revolution。人类社会和生物界,也不都是要通过革命的方式才能进步,可以不用翻个儿,一步步适应环境,朝前走。这种一步步适应环境朝前走的方式,叫进化,是达尔文发现的,他管这种方式叫evolution,即进化论。e=out也许他认为生物就是靠各种方式“转生”“出来”的。有些人健谈,口若悬河,滔滔不绝,在英国人看来,这种人舌头“转”得很快,所以,他们称这种人叫voluble,“流畅的”。词根vert-也是表示“转”的意思,我们来看introvert和extrovert这两个单词。intro-是拉丁语里很常用的前缀,表示“向内的”,所以intro-+vert意思就是“向内转动”,引申一下就是思想等不断地向内转动,也就是“内向”的意思了;同样的道理,如果向外(extro-)转动,就是性格外向的人啦。

exceed超过,超出v.be greater or more numerous than(esp a quantity)

【词源解析】ceed-走→走出→超出

exclude排除v.~sb/sth prevent sb from entering somewhere,taking part in sth,etc

【词源解析】clud-关闭

exhibit展览n.object or collection of objects displayed for the public,eg in a museum

【词源解析】ex-向外,hibit=hold,表示“拿”,拿出来→展览

ex hibit ion n展览,表演(exhibit+ion)

in hibit v禁止,阻止(in不+hibit→不能拿→禁止)

expand膨胀v.~(into sth)(cause sth to)become greater in size,number or importance 【词源解析】ex-向外,pand-伸展→膨胀

expert专家n.~person with special knowledge,skill or training in a particular field

【词源解析】敢于尝试,有经验的人,pert-尝试

export出口n.exporting

【词源解析】ex-向外,port表示“拿,运”

portable a可携带的(port+able能…的)

import v进口

transport v运输(trans转移+port→移动着拿→运输)

expose暴露,揭发v.uncover or make(sth)visible;display

【词源解析】Pos=put,表示“放”,ex-向外,世界博览会叫Universal Exposition或Expo。EXPO是Exposition的缩写。按字面意思,“世博会”就是把所有的东西都“摆放”出来!external外部的adj.outside;situated on the outside of sth(esp the body)

extract抽出,提炼v.~sth take or get sth out,usu with effort or by force

【词源解析】tract=draw,表示“拉,拖”

facilitate使便利v.make(sth)easy or less difficult

factor因素n.fact,circumstance,etc that helps to produce a result

feature特征n.one of the named parts of the face which together form its appearance

【词源解析】以上3个单词核心都在fac-做。

federal联邦of or relating to a form of government or a country in which power is divided between one central and several regional government

【词源解析】来自faith-信任,faith由fid变化而来,意为信任,信仰。在美国大片中我们经常会看到FBI字样,它是Federal Bureau of Investigation的缩写,也就是美国联邦调查局,这里体现了联邦调查局坚持贯彻的一个重要信条:忠诚Fidelity!

fee费用n.(usu pl)amount paid for professional advice or service

file文件,锉刀n.metal tool with a rough surface for cutting,smoothing or shaping hard substances

final最后adj.of the end;coming last

finance金融n.management of money

finite有限定的adj.having bounds;limited;not infinite

【词源解析】以上三个单词核心都在fin-,表示界限,进而引申为最后的含义;finance其原意是指支出的期限,后指公共收入,再后则演进为“公众财政”或“公共财政”(Public Finance),即“公众的收入和支出的方法、筹集、典守和管理”。

flexible灵活的adj.that can bend easily without breaking

【词源解析】flect=bend,表示“弯曲”

【同源扩展】

de flect v偏斜,打歪(de偏离+flect→偏离弯曲→偏斜)

in flex ible a不弯的,不屈的(in不+flexible→不弯曲的;不灵活的)

focus焦点n.point at which rays(of light,sound,etc)meet

format格式n.shape,size,binding,etc of a book

formula公式n.set of symbols showing the elements that a substance is made of

【词源解析】form=shape,表示“形状、格式”

forthcoming即将来临adj.about to happen or appear in the near future

foundation基础n.act of founding

【词源解析】found=base,表示“基础”

found ation n基础,地基

found er n奠基者(found+er人)

fund amental a基础的,根本的

framework框架n.structure giving shape and support

【词源解析】frame-来自form-形状

function功能n.special activity or purpose of a person or thing、

fund经费n.sum of money saved or made available for a particular purpose

gender性别

generate产生v.cause to exist or occur;produce

generation一代n.Production

【词源解析】以上3个单词都来自gen-,表示“出生,产生”

【同源扩展】

re gen erate v再生,重生(re再+generate)

gen erous a慷慨的;丰富的(gener+ous→[不断]产生→丰富的,慷慨的)

gen etic a基因的,遗传学的(gen+etic→来自gene基因)

gen us n种类,类属(gen+us→生出来就出现不同→种类)

globe地球仪n.small spherical model of the earth showing the continents and usu also countries,rivers,cities,etc

goal目标n.(in football,hockey,etc)pair of posts with a crossbar,between which the ball has to be kicked,hit,etc in order to score

grade成绩,年级n.step,stage or degree of rank,quality,etc;level of classification grad ual a逐步的(grad+ual)

de grade v降级;退化(de向下+grade→向下降级)

up grade v上升,升级(up向上+grade→向上升级)

grant同意,允许v.agree to give or allow(what is asked for)

guarantee担保n.Promise

guideline指导方针a principle put forward to set standards or determine a course of actio hierarchy等级制度n.system with grades of authority or status from the lowest to the highest

highlight最重要的部分n.best,most interesting or most exciting part of something hypothesis假设n.idea or suggestion that is based on known facts

【词源解析】thesis=setting,表示“放置”,hypo下面+thesis→放在下面,还不能作为正式理论→假说

thesis n论文;命题(放好的研究主题)

anti thesis n对立(anti反+thesis→反着放→对立)

hypo thesis n假说;前提

identical等同的adj.the~the same

ideology意识形态学n.ideas that form the basis of an economic or political theory

【词源解析】idea+logy-学科

ignorant疏忽adj.~(of sth)knowing little or nothing

【词源解析】i-否定,gnor来自know,表示“知道”

dia gnos is n诊断(dia穿过+gnos+is→穿过身体知道→诊断)

pro gnos is n预测,诊断(pro在前+gnost+is→预先知道→预测)

i gnor ance n无知,愚昧(ignore+ance)

illustrate说明,阐明v.supply with pictures,diagrams,etc

【词源解析】lust=light,shine,表示“光,照亮”

il lust ration a插图说明(illustrate+ion)

il lust rious n辉煌的;著名的(il一再+lustr+ious一再光明→辉煌的)

image图象n.copy of the shape of a person or thing

imagine v想象

imagi native a富于想象的(imagine+ative)

imit ate v模仿(imit+ate→做得相象→模仿)

immigrate入境v.~enter a foreign country in order to live there permanently

【词源解析】migr=move,表示“迁移”

migr ate v迁移,移居

migr ant n候鸟,迁移者

e migr ate v移居(外国)

impact影响n.hitting of one object against another

【词源解析】pact=fastened,表示“紧的”

pact n契约,公约(对双方加紧约束)

com pact a压实的,压缩的(com全部+pact→全部压紧→压缩的)

im pact n冲击力;影响力(im进入+pact→压进去的力量→影响力)

implement工具n.tool or instrument

【词源解析】ple=full,fill,表示“满,填满”

com ple ment n补足,补全(com全部+ple+ment→全部满→补足)

sup ple ment n增补,补充(sup在下面,次要+ple+ment→增加次要的心填满→增补)plenti tude n丰富,充足(plent+itude→满的状态→丰富)

implicate暗含v.~sb show that sb is involved in sth,esp a crime

implicit暗示的adj.~implied,but not expressed directly;not explicit

imply暗示v.suggest(sth)indirectly rather than state it directly;hint

【词源解析】以上3个词核心在ply-折叠,im-里面,把东西折到里面去,不直接表露出来incentive刺激n.~thing that encourages sb to do sth;stimulus

【词源解析】in-里面,cent=sing,song,表示“唱,歌”,把力量唱进去→激励

【同源扩展】

ac cent口音;重音

ac cent uate强调;重读

incidence发生率,影响n.~of sth extent to which sth happens or has an effect

incline易于,倾向v.~towards sth lean or slope in the direction of sth

【词源解析】clin=lean,slope,表示“倾斜”,古人认为不同的气候-climate是由于太阳光倾斜照着地球而形成的

de cline倾斜;衰退

cli max-n.高潮;顶点

income收入n.money received over a certain period

incorporate结合,合并v.~sth(in/into sth)make sth part of a whole;include

【词源解析】corpor=body,表示“身体,团体”

corpor ation n公司,团体

corpor ate a共同的;团体的(corpor+ate)

individual个人的adj.single;separate

【词源解析】in-否定前缀,divid-分开,不能再分开的就是个体了,相对于团队而言divis ion n划分,区分(divide的名词)

devise v设计,想出(由古义“分开’转化而来)

induce引诱v.persuade or influence(sb)to do sth

inevitable不可避免的adj.that cannot be avoided;that is sure to happen

【词源解析】in-否定,evit-演变自avoid-避免

infer推断v.~sth(from sth)reach(an opinion)from facts or reasoning;conclude sth 【词源解析】in-里面,fer-带来

infrastructure基础设施,公共建设n.subordinate parts,installations,etc that form the basis of a system,an organization oran enterprise(eg of an army),

【词源解析】infra-底下

inherent粘附adj.~existing as a natural or permanent feature or quality of sb/sth

【词源解析】her=stick,表示“粘附”

initial开始的,最初的adj.of or at the beginning;first

【词源解析】it=go,表示“行走”,刚开始走,起步

ex it n出口,出去(ex出+it→走出,出口)

in it iate v开始;开创

in it iative a起步的n.原动力(initiate开始+ive)

innovate革新,创新v.make changes;introduce new things

【词源解析】Nov=new,表示“新的”

nov el a新奇的n.小说(nov+el)

nov a n新星(now+a表示物体→新天体)

re nov ate v翻新(re重新+nov+ate→重新翻新)

input输入n.~action of putting sth in

insert插入v.~sth put,fit,place sth into sth or between two things

【词源解析】sert=join,表示“加入,插入”

assert v断言;主张(as+sert→强行插入观点→断言)

desert v离开;抛弃(de分开+sert→不再加入→离开)

exsert v使突出;伸出(ex出+sert→插出去→突出)

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托福阅读长难句解决方法解析 托福阅读长难句解决方法 首先:长句子。 A few art collectors Tames Bowdoin of Boston, William Byrd of Virginia, and the Aliens and Hamiltons of Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries,especially aspiring artists,and established in their respective communities the idea of the value of art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement. A few art collectors introduced European art traditions to those colonistsand established in their respective communities the idea and the need. 对于这样一个句子,大家要做的就是找到这个句子的核心主干(即主谓宾)注意后半部分嵌入了倒装句established in their respective communities the idea and the need,establish是及物动词,后面却加了介词in,说明此处有倒装,还原正常语序应是established the idea and the need in their respective communities。倒装出现的意义在于idea和need在原句中的后置定语(即蓝色划线部分)太长,为了防止头重脚轻。 在原句中,是有人名是并列的不知道大家有没有发现,也是本句主语art collectors的同位语。其中还有一部分是colonists的非谓语动词后置定语,还一个部分是插入语用来进一步解释art collectors。 综上所述,本句运用了多种语法结构(并列,倒装,同位语,后置定语,插入语)把主干部分分割得支离破碎,如果对这些语法结构不熟悉的同学肯定会一下子摸不着头脑。而如果能够尽最大努力把握其用法,那么对阅读的速度和正确率的提升都有很大帮助。 以上这个句子我们就可以这样翻译:几位艺术收藏家(此处省略几位艺术家名字)将欧洲艺术传统介绍给那些被特许参观他们画廊的殖民者,尤其是有抱负的艺术家们,并在他们各自的社区建立了艺术具有价值的观念和致力于鼓励其发展的机构的需要。 其次:长文章 新托福阅读的文章篇幅一般都是在700字以上,而这么长的文章主要就是由简单句和一些复杂的长难句组成,除了句子理解外,为了更好的解题考生还应该了解文章段落和文章结构。面对比较长的段落和文章,要在短时间内快速抓住重点信息,做对题目,那么对文章的行文套路要有非常清晰的把握。下面以一篇OG真题文章Nineteenth-Century Politics in the United States的段落为例来讲解。

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