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英语名词性从句自主学习导学案

【学习目标】

1. 扎实掌握英语名词性从句，提升自己的理解力。

2. 自主学习，合作探究；学会分析与总结的方法，并能学以致用。

3. 激情投入，疯狂记忆，体验学习的快乐。

第一课时

【知识体系构建】

I. 五大句型已经学过了。仔细观察以下例句，找出名词可以充当的成分。

1. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语

Walls have ears.

2. 主语+谓语(不及物动词)

The flowers are blooming.

3. 主语+系动词+表语

Miss Jones is a secretary.

4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)

The mother will buy the girl a dress.

5. 主语+谓语+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语

The father, John, considers the child a genius.

【自我梳理】找出名词可以充当的成分

通过对五大句型的分析得出：名词可以用来充当______________________ 同样的道理，可以把句子中的名词换成一个小句子。请同学们分析以下句子划线部分充当的成分。

1. Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.

2. What it was to become was a mystery until the dust began to slowly combine into a ball moving around the sun .

3. May I ask what you were doing in my restaurant yesterday?

4. I wanted to know where all my customers had gone yesterday.

5. This is how the earth began to show its special qualities.

6. That’s why we’ve given you the letter.

7. We heard the news that our team had won.

8. I have no idea how soon they are coming.

名词性从句的划分要根据从句在句中充当的成分来确定如果这个小句子充当了句子的主语，那么这个小句子叫__________。同样的道理，充当了宾语叫

__________，充当了表语叫_____________，充当了同位语叫___________。

引导名词性从句必须要有一个______。名词性从句都采用_________语序。

II. 各类名词性从句

一、主语从句

1.1).What is needed for the space trip is careful preparation.

2).Whether wild life can be well protected is of great importance.

3).Who will go makes no difference.

4).Which kind of food is the best is still not certain.

5).When they will have a new restaurant opened has not been decided yet.

6) How gold was found there is not clear.

7). Why there is gravity is hard to understand.

由以上例句可以看出，主语从句在复合句中充当主语

2.主语从句通常由连接词___________，和连接代词____________________________以及连接副词_______________等词引导。that 在句中____________，只起______作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分

3. 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语____代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句___________。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：

①It is/was +adj. + that从句

②It is/was +a pity(a fact, a shame, an honor, a wonder, no wonder)+that从句

③It is said(reported, announced, thought, believed, decided, expected

等)+that

④It is suggested(advised, ordered, requested, insisted, required等)+that从句

⑤It seems (appear, happen, matter等)+that从句

另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：

It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …

It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…

It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that--

●It worried her a bit ______ her hair was turning grey.

A. while

B. that

C. if

D. for

●It remains a question ______ we can get so much money in such a short time.

A. how

B. that

C. when

D. what

●It is known to us ______ where there is pollution, there is harm.

A. which

B. where

C. what

D. that

2.单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用句单数形式；如果是两个或两个以上的主语作主语，谓语动词则视情况而定。

When and where he was born hasn’t been found.

When he was born and where he was born haven’t been found.

When and why the person was murdered is still unknown.

When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown.

Exercises:

●.______ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.

A. What

B. Who

C. Whatever

D. Whoever

●______I can pay back the help that people give me makes me very happy.

A. Where

B. What

C. That

D. How

●It’s not clear ______ was responsible for the accident.

A. Who

B. What

C. How

D. That

●______ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.

A. What is required

B. What requires

C. It is required

D. It requires

二、宾语从句

1.1）I think (that) women can reach very high achievements in many fields of science.

2) I wonder whether/if Lin Qiaozhi remembered how many babies she had delivered.

3) Do you know who/whom John Adams was speaking to?

4) He asked whose spacesuit it was.

5) Pay attention to what the doctor said, will you?

6) He can’t tell me when Jody Williams won the Nobel Peace Prize.

7) I don’t know where Charlie Chaplin got his stick.

8) Will you tell me how I can keep fit and healthy?

9) Do you know why he was absent?

宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。

2.引导宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句连接词____________，通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever, whom, whose以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。在句中可以作_______________________的宾语。

(1) V + 宾语从句，即“动宾”：

We believe that he is honest. / I asked if they had a cheap suit. / Can you tell me which dictionary is hers? / I really don’t know what he is doing.

●I just don’t understand______ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect.

A .why it does B. what it does C. what it is D. why it is

●--- Don’t you believe me?

--- ______, I will believe ______ you say.

A. No; whatever

B. Yes; no matter what

C. No; no matter what

D. Yes; whatever

●“What did your parents think about your decision?” “They always let me do ______ I think

I should.”

A. when

B. that

C. how

D. what

.(2) prep + 宾语从句，即“介宾”：

He’s pleased with what we did yesterday. / Pay attention to what the teacher said.

●I wish to have a friend with ______ shares my hobbies and interests.

A. whomever

B. no matter who

C. whoever

D. anyone

●Mary wrote an article on ______ the team had failed to win the game.

A. why

B. what

C. who

D. that

●It was a matter of ______ would take the position.

A. who

B. whoever

C. whom

D. whomever

(3) adj + 宾语从句，即“形宾”：

I’m sure that my brother will love the jacket. / I am glad that you can come and help me.

不能误将”It + be + adj + that”的主语从句当成宾语从句.

如：It is necessary that we should learn English well.

注意：

1.(1) whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。

①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。

I wonder if it doesn’t rain.

②用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。

Please let me know whether you want to go.（如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）

③宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换成if。

I don’t know whether or not the report is true.

I don’t know whether the report is true or not.

④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用，构成whether to do结构。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。

They don’t know whether to go there.

Please come to see me if you have time.

Exercises:

●I asked her __________ she had a bike.

●__________ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.

●We’re worried about __________ he is safe.

●I don’t know __________ he is well or not.

●I don’t know ___________ or not he is well.

●The question is __________ he should do it.

●The doctor can hardly answer the question __________ the old man will recover soon.

2..由连接词that引导的宾语从句

1）He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.

2）We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.

由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中______________

※在口语或非正式的文体中常被______，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that__________。例如：

We all know (that) he is a middle-school student and that he studies hard.

如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，就用it作___________，将宾语从句后置，并且that____________________

He has made it clear ___________he will win the game.

I find it necessary ____________we should learn English well.

We find it necessary ___________we practice spoken English every day.

3.. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气

1）I insist that she (should) do her work alone.

2）The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.

※在demand、order、suggest、insist, desire, request, command, recommend等表示______________________等意义的动词后,宾语从句____________________

4. 动词find, feel, think, consider, make等后接复合宾语时，要用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语从句后置。

I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.

有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加________，这类动词有________________________________________

I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food.

5. 特殊句型：

特殊疑问词+do you think/believe/suppose/imagine/expect+陈述语序

When do you think she will succeed?

Do you know/ask/tell +特殊疑问词+陈述语序？

Do you know where the police found the lost boy?

6. 否定转移现象.

1）We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。

2）I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。

※think, believe, imagine, suppose等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为_________。即将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中。必须注意：该种情况下，主语为____________。

(5) 宾语从句的时态呼应：

a. 如果主句时态是一般现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.

他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的. He believes _________________________ .

b .请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么. Please tell me _________________________.

b. 如果主句谓语是一般过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但如果从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。

他告诉我他正在为考试做准备. He told me _______________________________.

他说他已离开家乡十年了。He told me _________________________________.

老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的. The teacher told us _________________________. Exercises:

●Do you see ______ I mean?

A. that

B./

C. how

D. what

●Tell me______ is on your mind.

A. that

B. what

C. which

D. why

●We must stick to ______ we have agreed on.

A. what

B. that

C. /

D. how

●Let me see ______.

A. that can I repair the radio

B. whether I can repair the radio

C. I can repair the radio

D. whether can I repair the radio

●Keep in mind ______.

A. that the teacher said

B. what did the teacher say

C. that did the teacher say

D. what the teacher said

3. 表语从句：在复合句中作主句的表语。引导词有连词that , whether, as if, as though; who, what, which, whose; when, where, how, why, because 等。如:

●The problem is _________ we didn’t get in touch with him.

●This is _________ Henry solved the problem.

●His suggestion is _________ we (should) finish the work at once.

●It looked _________ it was going to rain.

●The reason _________ we didn't trust him is _________ he has often lied．

注意：

1. 如果句子的主语是suggestion, advice, order, demand, proposal等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略。

他的建议是我们应该马上完成工作. His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.

2. The reason is that ……的理由是，…的原因是…

The reason __________ he was late again was __________ he was caught in the traffic jam.

The reason ______ I have to go is ______ my mother is ill in bed.

A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because

※当主语是reason时，表语从句要用_______引导而不是__________。

3. It is because … 这是因为…

It is why …

Exercises:

●This is ______ she was born.

A. where

B. which

C. that

D. what

●The question is ______ we can’t go there today.

A. that

B. what

C. which

D. when

●The reason he has made such great progress is ______ he has never wasted his time.

A. because

B. why

C. that

D. what

●My advice is that he ______ school by bike.

A. go to

B. would go to

C. goes to

D. went to

●______ she couldn’t understand was ______ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her

lessons.

A. What; why

B. That; what

C. What; because

D. Why; that

●Energy is ______ makes things work.

A. what

B. everything

C. something

D. anything

四、同位语从句

1．1）I have no idea when Chaplin’s film will be on again.

2).We were very excited at the news that our team had won.

3) The fact that women can work as well as men is clear.

4) Henry Adams made a promise that he would not open it until 2 o’clock.

同位语从句在复合句中做同位语，它一般跟在某些_________名词____________________________________等后面，用以说明或者解释前面的名词(whose和which 不引导同位语从句)

。

●We all know the truth ______ the earth goes round the sun.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. whether

●We heard the news ______ our team had won.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. where

●The problem ______ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.

A. which

B. that

C. whether

D. if

●They expressed the hope ______they would come over to China.

A. which

B. that

C. whom

D. when

●The fact______he didn’t see Tom yesterday is true.

A. that

B. which

C. when

D. what

2. 引导同位语从句的词有连词that, 连接副词how, when, where 等。

3. The desire was that a treaty (should) be signed.

※表示意愿，要求，命令，建议等名词后的同位语从句中，谓语动词也用should +动词原形，should 可以省略。

a. The suggestion that he ______ at the meeting was agreed to by most people.

A. was put forward

B. put forward

C. should look forward

D. looked forward

b. The suggestion that we ______ to picnic on Sunday was agreed to by most people.

A went B. would go C. go D. were allowed to go

2. ※同位语从句通常靠近它的_________，但是如果主句谓语较短或中心词带有较长的修饰语，则同位语从句与名词中心词形成分隔称为隔裂式同位语从句。

He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.

Word came that Tom would go abroad.

●The question came up at the meeting ______we had enough money for our research.

A. that

B. what

C. which

D. whether

●There’s a feeling in me ______we’ll never know what a UFO is-----not ever.

A. that

B. which

C. of which

D. what

●It remains a question ______ we can get so much money in such a short time.

A. how

B. that

C. when

D. what

●Danby left word with my secretary ______ he would call again in the afternoon

A. who

B. that

C. as

D. which

4. that引导同位语从句与定语从句的主要区别：

They were all shocked at the news that Germany had declared war on Russia. 他们都为德国向俄国宣战而感到震惊。(同位语从句，that只起____________，在句中_________________。)

They were all shocked at the news that was announced on the radio. 他们都为收音机中宣布的消息而震惊。（定语从句，that在从句中____________，若省略that，句子成分_______。）

从意义上来说，___________对一个名词加以补充说明，___________对一个名词进行修饰或限定。从结构上说，①that引导定语从句时，从句是___________，that在从句中一定要______________，作宾语时可以省略。②that引导同位语从句时，在从句中_____________，从句是______________。

5.同位语从句的隔开现象

The fact has to be faced that the nearest filling station is thirty kilometres away. ※同位语从句通常靠近它的中心词，但是如果主句谓语较短或中心词带有较长的修饰语，则同位语从句与名词中心词形成分隔。

III．名词性从句应该注意的问题：

1. that 和what 引导名词性从句中的区别

1) Our trouble is that we are short of money.

2) That is what he is worried about.

※由以上例句看出，what 为代词，在从句中做成分，意义上相当于the thing(s) that, 引导主语从句时，谓语动词由句意决定其单复数。That不做任何成分，只起连接作用，无任何意义，引导宾语从句时常被省略，但引导主语从句（且

在句首时），表语从句，同位语从句时，that 不能省略。

2. whether 与if 的用法比较

1) It depends on whether it will rain

※引导主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句以及介词后面的宾语从句时只用whether.

2)I want to know whether it’s good news or not.

※whether 可以与or not 连用，if 不可。

3) Could you tell me if you know the answer ?

※这句话有两种意思：“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗？”或“如果你知道答案，请告诉我，好吗？”。如用whether可避免歧义.

为了避免与表示条件的if 重复或者避免出现歧义时，用whether

4）I can decide whether to stay.

※后接不定式时，用whether

5）We discussed whether we should close the shop.

※在动词discuss 后做宾语，用whether

五．名词性从句的考点归纳：

1. 名词性从句的语序：

a. That + 陈述句：That light travels in straight lines is known to all.

--- I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball.

--- ______ it made me nearly mad.

A. That he broke

B. What he broke

C. He broke

D. His break

b. 疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述语序，不能用一般疑问句语序, 即“疑问词+句子的剩余成分”。

I don’t know when he will go to Nanjing. / This is what we are looking for.

a. How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( )

How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( )

b. Could you tell me where he lives? ( )

Could you tell me where does he live? ( )

2. 表示“建议，命令，要求”的名词性从句，如(suggest)suggestion, (advise)advice, order, request, demand等，要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形, should可省略。

3. that 可省略的情况：单个宾语从句中的that可省略

that不可省略的情况：主语从句

表语从句

同位语从句

用it做形式宾语的宾语从句

并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的

引导词that 不能省略

●I don’t think ________ she is coming.

●It is a pity ________ he has made such a mistake.

●The reason is _________ he is careless .

●The news ________ our team won the match inspired us.

●I don’t think it n ecessary _________ you should read English aloud.

●He told me __________ his father had died and __________ he had to make a living alone.

4. 关于whether 与if 的使用：

●What the doctor is uncertain about is ______ my mother will recover from the serious disease

soon.

A. when

B. how

C. whether

D. why

●Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and ______ it is rough or smooth.

A. 不填

B. whether

C. how

D. what

●The question is ____the film is worth seeing.

A. if

B. what

C. whether

D. how

●______ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.

A. That

B. Whether

C. If

D. Even if Exercise:

●我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。

________ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.

●我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。

I don’t know _________ broke the glass yesterday.

●我不知道他长的什么样子。

I have no idea _________ he looks like.

●这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。

This is _________ I left my glasses.

指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种?

1. What he wants is a book.

2. It is so nice that we can learn this grammar point together.

3. I’m so glad that I can make friends with you.

4. This is why he did it.

5. Do you agree to the suggestion that we (should) have a trip in Tibet?

6. That he wants a book is certain.

7. I suggested just now we (should) take part in this competition.

8. Whether you like him or not doesn’t matter too much.

9. He doesn’t know whether you can sing it well.

10. The problem is whether you can sing it well.

11. The problem whether it is right or wrong has not been decided.

12. Please tell me who your monitor is.

判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句?

1. China is no longer what it used to be.

2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.

3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.

4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.

5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.

6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.

7. That is where Lu Xun used to live.

8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.

9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?

10. I wonder why she refused my invitation.

大学英语四级考试语法：—定语从句

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