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初中英语 介词复习课件

初中英语  介词复习课件
初中英语  介词复习课件

第12讲:介词之用法梳理

1.介词不能单独作句子的成分,而是用来表示名词或代词等和句中其他词之间的关系,通常放在名词或代词之前,构成介词短语。根据结构,介词主要分成四种:

1)简单介词:about, across, after, against, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beside, but, by, down, during, for, from, in, of, on, over, near, round, since, to, under, up, with等等。

2)合成介词:inside, into, outside, throughout, upon, without, within

3)短语介词:according to, along with, apart from, because of, in front of, in spite of, instead of, owing to, up to, with reguard to

4)分词介词:considering, reguarding, including, concerning

2.从意思上考虑,介词可分为下面三类:

1)引导时间短语的介词:

at, on, in, during, before, after, over, from, following, by, till, until, towards, for, throughout, upon, since, pending, all through, prior to

2) 引导地点状语的介词:

in, at, across, to, down, under, near, between, over, from, into, through, onto, off, outside, out of, inside, within, beside, behind, below, among, beyond, against, around, before, up, ahead of, via, in front of, under, along, past, opposite, above, next to

3) 引导其他短语的介词:

by, with, about, except, like, of, according to, instead of, without, in, due to, because of, along with, as for, in spite of, on account of owing to, on behalf of,

against, apart from, for, failing, plus, including, in regard to, with regard to

介词短语在句子中的作用

1.用作状语

介词短语表示时间、地点、方式和原因等。如:

Class begins at half past seven. (时间) 7时半开始上课。

His parents work on a farm. (地点) 他父母在农场工作。

She came here by train. (方式) 她乘火车来这里。

You don’t have to worry about that. (原因) 你不必为那件事担心。

2. 用作定语

作定语用的介词短语应放在所修饰的名词之后。如:

The book on the desk is very interesting. 书桌上的那本书很有趣。

The young man from Guilin is my uncle. 从桂林来的那位年轻人是我叔叔。

We visited the museum in the centre of the city. 我们参观了市中心的博物馆。

3. 用作表语

在系动词后的介词短语用作表语。如:

My father was in the army two years ago. 两年前我父亲在部队。

This book will be of great use to you. 这本书对你会有很大的用处。

三、常用介词的用法

英语介词并不很多,但其用法灵活多样。掌握常用介词的用法及常见的介词搭配,是学习英语的重点和难点。

1.简单介词和复合介词

1)about(关于,大约):a book about animals 一本关于动物的书。

2)above(在……上面):a map above the blackboard 黑板上方的一张地图,above all 首要的是。

英语介词并不很多,但其用法灵活多样。掌握常用介词的用法及常见的介词搭配,是学习英语的重点和难点。

3)across(穿过,跨过):a bridge across the river 跨过河的一座桥

4)after(在……之后):after breakfast 早饭后,after school 放学后,after class 课后

5)against(反对):play against them 跟他们比赛。

6)along(沿着):plant trees along the lake 沿着湖边植树。

7)among(在……之中):among the workers 在工人们中间,among the trees 在树丛中。

8)at(在):at home在家,at school 在学校,at work 在工作。

9)before(在……之前):before class 课前,before lunch 午饭前

10)behind(在……后面):behind the house 在房子后面,behind the door 在门后。

11)near(在……附近):near the river 在河边,stand near the door 站在门旁。

12) into(在……里):come into the classroom 进入教室,fall into the water 掉进水里

13)in(在……内,用,戴):in English 用英语,in a hat 戴帽子,in front of 在……前面,in line 排成一行,in the end 最后,in the open air 在野外,in a minute立刻,in surprise 惊奇地,in time及时,in trouble 处在困难中。

14)from(从):from Monday to Friday 从星期一到星期五,from now on 从今以后。

15)for (为,给):buy some food for lunch 买些午餐的食物,for example 例如,for long 长久。

16) except(除……之外):everyone except Lin Tao 除林涛之外的每个人,every day except Sunday 除星期天之外的每天。

17)by(乘,在,由,到):by plane 乘飞机,by the way顺便说,by then 到那时,by the window 在窗边。

18) between(在两者之间):between the two children 在两个孩子之间,between A and B 在A 和B之间。

19)beside(在……旁边):sit beside her 坐在她身边,beside the river 在河边。

20)below(在……以下):below zero 零度以下。

21)of(……的):the name of the bird 鸟的名字,a map of China一幅中国地图。

22)off(离开):take off one’s clothes 脱掉衣服,go off 走开,turn off 关掉,get off the bus 下公共汽车。

23)with ( 用,和,带着):go to school with a bag带书包上学,see with one’s eyes 用眼睛看,with one’s help 在某人的帮助下,with pleasure 高兴。

24)without(没有):go out without a coat 没穿上衣服就走出去。

25)until=till (直到……为止):stay in bed until tomorrow 卧床直到明天,wait until ten o’clock 等到10点钟为止。

26)under(在……下面):under the desk 在书桌下,under the tree 在树下

27)to(给、对、到、往):go to school 上学,give a kite to me 把风筝给我,from here to the park 从这里到公园。

28)through(通过,穿过):walk through the gate 走过大门。

29)since (自从):since1995 自从1995年以来。

30)round=around(在……周围):sit round the table 围着桌子坐,round the world 遍及全世界。

31)over( 超过,多于):over two years 两年多

32)outside (在……之外):outside of gate 在大门外。

33)on(在、关于):on one’s way home 回家路上,on duty 值日,on foot 步行,on top of 在……上面。on the earth 在地球上。

第12讲:介词之常用搭配

英语许多动词、形容词和名词都与特定的介词搭配,我们必须熟悉这些搭配关系。

1.动词与介词(或副词)的搭配

add…to 加到……上agree with 同意(某人)

arrive at(in) 到达ask for 询问

begin…with 从……开始believe in 相信

break into 闯入break off 打断

break out 爆发bring down 降低

bring in 引进bring up 教育,培养

build up 建起burn down 烧光

call back 回电话call for 要求约请

call in 召来call on 拜访访问

care for 喜欢carry on 继续开展

carry out 实行开展check out 查明结帐clear up 整理,收拾come about 发生,产生come across (偶然)遇见come out 出来come to 共计达到compare…with 与……比较compare to 比作cut off 切断

date from 始于depend on 依靠

devote to 献于die out 灭亡

divide up 分配dream of 梦想

fall off 下降fall over 跌倒

feed on 以……为食get down to 专心于

get through 通过give in 让步,屈服

give out 分发give up 放弃

go abroad 出国go against 反对

go on with 继续go through 浏览

grow up 生长hand down 传下来

hear about 听说hold out 伸出

join up 连接起来keep off 让开,不接近keep on 继续lead to 导致

live on 靠……为生look down upon 看不起look forward to 盼望look into 调查

look out 当心look(a) round 仔细查看

set off 动身set up 建立

show off 炫耀shut up 住口

speed up 加速stand for 代表,象征

stick to 坚持suffer from 遭受

talk of 谈论think of 考虑,想起

try out 试验turn down 调低

turn off 关掉worry about 担心

2.介词成语

1)英语中有大量成语由介词构成,单是一些常用介词就可构成大量成语:

at:

at a stretch 一连,连续地at a time 一次,每次

at ease 稍息,安心at first sight 一见(钟情)

at first 最初,开始时at heart 在内心

at home 在家,随便at last 最后

at least 至少at length 最后,详细地

at most 至多at once 立即,同时

at peace(war) 处于和平(战争)状态at play(work) 在玩耍(工作)

at present 现在,目前at random 随意地,胡乱地

at the risk of 冒…的风险at the same time (与此)同时

at the start 一开头at the time 此刻,这时

at times 有时候at will 任意地

by:

by accident 偶然by air 航空

by all means 想一切办法by bus (plane, etc) 坐巴士(飞机等)by chance 偶然by cheque 用支票

by choice 出于自愿by daylight 在大白天

by day(night) 白天(夜间)by force 靠武力

by mistake 错误地,误把…by turns 轮流

by surprise 突然,出其不意by the way 顺便说一句

in:

in a sense 从某种意义上说in addition(to) 此外(除…之外)

in advance 事前in all 总共

in any case (event) 不管怎样,反正in brief 简而言之

in case 要是,如果in case of 在…情况下

in comparison 比较起来in danger 处于危险中

in debt 负债in demand 有需求

in detail 详细地in fact 实际上

in general 一般说来in one’s opinion 在(某人)看来

in order to (that) 以便,为了in other words 换句话说

in part(s) 部分地in person 亲自

in practice 实际上in public(private) 公开(私下)地

in regard to 关于in short 总之

in the end 最后in the middle of 在…中间

in time 及时地,经过一段时间in vain 白白地,没有结果on:

on account of 由于on behalf of 代表(某人)

on board 在船(飞机)上on condition 在…条件下

on duty 值班on fire 着火

on foot 步行on guard 有警惕,值班

on hand 在身边on holiday 在休假

on purpose 故意地on sale 在出售

on strike 罢工on the contrary 相反

on the way 在路上on time 准时

on the top of 在…上面on the run 正在逃窜

out of:

out of action 失灵out of breath 气喘吁吁

out of control 失去控制out of danger 脱离危险

out of doors 在户外out of fashion 不时新

out of hand 失去控制out of order 坏了

out of reach 无法得到(拿到) out of sight 看不见

out of temper 发脾气out of question 不可能

out of touch(with) 和…失去联系out of tune 走调

out of use 不再使用out of work 失业

2)有些介词夹在名词之间构成成语:

day after day 日复一日地year after year 年复一年

one after another 一个接一个地one by one 一个接一个

little by little 一点一点地side by side 并肩

step by step 一步步地face to face 面对面

arm in arm 手挽手地hand in hand 手牵手地

day to day 日常的day by day 一天一天地

day before yesterday 前天day after tomorrow 后天

heart to heart 互相交心的

)还有一些成语包含两个介词:

from beginning to end 从头至尾from bad to worse 越来越糟

from time to time 不时地from head to foot 浑身

from morning to night 从早到晚from start to finish 从头至尾

from door to door 挨门挨户地from place to place 到各地

from generation to generation 一代一代地from cover to cover (书面) 全部地,从头至尾

4)此外,“be+形容词+介词”也是一类成语:

be found of 喜欢be full of 充满

be interested in 对…有兴趣be keen on 热衷于

be confident in 对…有信心be short of 缺乏

be sick of 厌恶be proud of 对…感到骄傲

be loyal to 对…忠诚be ashamed of 为…感到羞耻

be worried about 为…担心be aware of 意识到

be busy with 忙于(某事)be different from 和…不同

be famous for 因…而出名

第12讲:介词之名师点拔

别看介词是一种虚词,它在句中的作用却非常重要。常考点包括一些固定搭配和一些近义词。固定搭配如:on one's way home,help...with,send for,be interested in..., be late for, be angry with,be good at等。当然这需要你好好记忆了。

1. 介词的功能

介词是一种虚词,用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系,不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语,状语,表语和宾语补足语。例如:

The boy over there is John’s brother. (定语)

The girl will be back in two hours. (状语)

Our English teacher is from Australia. (表语)

Help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语)

2. 常用介词的用法辨析

(1)表时间的介词

1)at, in on

表示时间点用at。例如:at six o’clock, at noon, at midnight。表示在某个世纪,某年,某月,某个季节以及早晨,上午,下午,晚上时,用in。例如:in the ninettenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午,下午,晚上时,用on。例如:on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning

2)since, after

由since和after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段,但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻,因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去,因而要与一般过去时连用。例如:

I haven’t heard from him since last summer.

After five days the boy came back.

3)in, after

in与将来时态连用时,表示“过多长时间以后”的意思,后面跟表示一段时间的词语。After 与将来时态连用时,后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After与过去时态连用时,后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如:

He will be back in two months.

He will arrive after four o’clock.

He returned after a month.

4)for,since:for表示多长时间。since后接时间起点,其终点往往为现在,常与完成时连用。牢牢记住哟。

5)after, in :这两个介词都可以表示时间"在以后"的意思。其区别是:after 以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子;in 以现在为起点,表示将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子。

(2)表示地点的介词

1)at, in, on

at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。

He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.

They arrived at a small village before dark.

There is a big hole in the wall.

The teacher put up a picture on the wall.

2)over, above, on

over, on和above都可表示“在……上面”,但具体含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,其反义词是under。above也表示位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触,一个在另一的上面。例如:

There is a bridge over the river.

We flew above the clouds.

They put some flowers on the teacher’s desk.

3)across, through

across和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”,但用法不同。Across的含义与on有关,表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。Throgh的含义与in有关,表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如:

The dog ran across the grass.

The boy swam across the river.

They walked through the forest.

I pushed through the crowds.

4) in front of, in the front of

in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”,在某个范围以外;in the front of 表示“在……

的前部”,在某个范围以内。例如:

There are some tall trees in front of the building.

The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.

(3)表示方式、手段的介词

by,with,in:by表示"以...的方式,方法,手段" 和"乘某种交通工具";with指"借助于具体的手段或工具";in 表示"以......方式,用语言,文字等媒介"。

(4)表示对象的介词

for和of:试比较:It's impossible for me to watch TV after eleven o'clock. It's kind of you to help me.

两句中介词的选择依据其前形容词而定,一般来说,of之前的形容词往往是用于描写人的品质的好坏,人自身的特点,如聪明与否,细心与粗心等;for之前的形容词用于描写事物的特点,如可能性,必然性,难易程度等。

3. 介词的固定搭配

介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系,才能正确使用介词。(1)介词与动词的搭配

listen to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend…on…, 等。

(2)介词与名词的搭配

on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on one’s way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。

(3)介词与形容词的搭配

be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。

第12讲:介词之考点精练

1. - What's your speech______ , Dr. Smith? -Tomorrow you will get it.

A. by

B. of

C. from

D. on

2.My home isn't far ______ my school,so I usually walk to school.

A.for B.on C.at D.from

3.-Don't be 1ate _______ class again, OK? -Sorry, I won't.

A.for B.in C.by D.to

4.Many sportsmen are getting ready ______ the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.

A.to B.with C.for D.on

5. Mary bought a house ____ a small garden. She will move in next week.

A. from

B. with

C. for

D. of

6. - When does your mother go shopping? -Usually _____ Sunday mornings.

A. in

B. on

C. with

D. at

7. I have just heard on the radio that Nanjing Road is jammed cars .

A. in

B. on

C. with

D. at

8.You can study the grammar ________ memorizing it.

A. with B.by C.on D. at

9. Can you find New York _____this map of America?

A. in

B. at

C. of

D. on

10. Those Canadians arrived_____Beijing_____a Sunday morning.

A. in; in

B. on; at

C. at; in

D. in; on

11.Our teachers are getting on well_____us. We all like them.

A. for

B. with

C. in

D. about

12.-Grandma, let me help you.

-It's really nice_____you.

A. for

B. to

C. of

D. off

13. My sister usually thinks __ her own language first.

Then she turns her words into English.

A. in

B. by

C. with

D. through

14. She sent her friend a postcard ____a birthday present.

A. on

B. of

C. for

D. as

15. The engineer will return from Macao ____ a few days.

A. since

B. in

C. on

D. after

16. After class, I like playing computer games and chatting_____my

friends_____the Internet.

A. to; by

B. with; on

C. for; in

D. about; through

17.- How do you learn English ?

-I learn _____watching English-languages videos.

A. to

B. of

C. by

D. at

18. Some journalists went to Germany to work for the World Cup ______ June 2nd.

A. on

B. in

C. at

D. with

19. Bob goes to the Children's Palace every day _____ Sunday. Every Sunday he helps at the Old People's Home.

A. on

B. in

C. during

D. except

20.-What would you do_____the lost library book?

-I would try to find it or pay it.

A. about; for

B. on,for

C. with,for

D.in, for

答案:1-5 DDACB 6-10 BCBDD 11-15 BCADB 16-20 BCADC

第12讲:介词之真题演练

(2010河北省卷27. 1)Sally is very happy. There is a big smile________her face.

A. on

B. to

C. in

D. a

【答案】A

(2010湖南省娄底市9. 1)-It's very important________us to make a plan before a new term.

-Yes. You must try to make it carefully.

A. of

B. for

C. to

【答案】B

(2010江苏省盐城市1.1)It's very kind _______you.Thank you for your help

A.of

B.for

C.to

D.on

【答案】A

(2010四川省内江市22. 1)All of us went to the park______Bob.He had to look

after his sister.

A.besides

B.with

C.except

【答案】C

(2010四川省自贡市37. 1)-We'll have a hiking trip,but when shall we meet?

-Let's make it _________half past eight _______the morning of June 21.

A.at;in

B./;on

C./;in

【答案】B

(2010山东省潍坊市28. 1)The little elephant is afraid to go alone.He always walks _______his mother.

A.beside

B.behind

C.below

D.under

【答案】A

(2010江苏省南京市2. 1)Marie Curie,the first woman to win the Nobel Prize,was born _______November,1867,in the city of Warsaw in Poland.

A.at

B.on

C.in

D.to

【答案】C

(2010年上海市31. 1)The famous actor often plays ________his children in the park.

A.about

B.in

C.at

D.with

【答案】D

(2010福建省晋江市33,1)- Peter,can you tell me the differences_______the four words?

-Sorry,I don't know.

A. between

B. among

C. for

【答案】B

(2010四川省成都市37. 1)-Frank,when will the short meeting begin?

-You should come _______2:30 .If you come 10 minutes ________that time ,the meeting will be over.

A.at;before

B.at;after

C.after;before

【答案】B

(2010湖北省黄冈市35,1)-I joined the League _______May,2008 .What about you?

-I've been a League member _______three years.

A.in;for

B.on;in

C.on;for

D.in;since

【答案】A

(2010吉林省通化市39,1)Mr Black is strongly _______keeping animals in the zoo,because he thinks amimals should also have the right to enjoy freedom.

A.up

B.for

C.against

D.down

【答案】C

(2010山西省19,1)My uncle has gone to Singapore. He will be______in a week.

A.out

B.off

C.back

【答案】C

(2010山西省21,1)This kind of dress is______this year, and I______reaiiy want to get one

A.in danger

B.in trouble

C. in style

【答案】C

(2010河南省31,1)If you try to sit on two chairs,you will fall______them .For life,you must choose one chair.

A between

B under

C among

D into

【答案】A

(2010陕西省25,1)Don't forget _________an umbrella _______you.It's going to rain.

A.to take;to

B.taking;to

C.to take;with

D.taking;with

【答案】C

(2010山东省聊城市27,1)While I was standing ______the window,I saw several boys running _______the street.

A.at;along

B.on;at

C.in;on

D.to;in

【答案】A

(2010新疆省阜康市23,1)The Olympic Games was beld __________August 8,2008 in Beijing.

A.on

B.in

C.at

D.to

【答案】A

(2010广西省梧州市33,1)The weather here is very hot_______summer.

A.at

B.on

C.in

D.of

【答案】C

(2010新疆省阜康市30,1)He ran very fast _______he could catch up with others.

A.in order that

B.in order to

C.so as to

D.in order

【答案】A

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2. from成品已看不出原料。Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。 3. in表示用某种材料或语言。Please fill in the form in pencil first. 请先用铅笔填写这个表格。They talk in English. 他们用英语交谈。 表示工具或手段的介词:by, with, on 1. by用某种方式,多用于交通。I went there by bus. 我坐公共汽车去那儿。 2. with表示“用某种工具”。He broke the window with a stone. 他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。注意:with表示用某种工具时,必须用冠词或物主代词。 表示关于的介词:of, about, on 1. of仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事。He spoke of the film the other day. 他前几天提到了这部影片。 2. about指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。Can you tell me something about yourself? 你能告诉我关于你自己的事情吗? 3. on指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事。 It’s a textbook on the history of china. 它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。

(完整版)初中英语介词用法详解与练习

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初中英语介词专项

初中英语介词专项文档编制序号:[KKIDT-LLE0828-LLETD298-POI08]

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同一形容词+不同介词 be famous/known for sth. 因……著名 be famous/known as sb. 作为……而闻名 ?be made from 由……制成(化学变化)be made of 由……制成(物理变化) ?be pleased to do sth. 乐意做某事be pleased with sb./sth. 对……感到满意 ?be/ get ready for sth. 为……做准备be ready to do sth. 准备…… ?be good/bad for sth. 对……有益/ 害be good/bad at (doing) sth. 擅长/不擅长…… ?be strict on sth. 在某方面严格 be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格 ?be busy (in) doing sth. 忙于…… be busy with sth. 忙于…… ?be glad about/at/for sth. 因……而高兴be glad to do sth. 开心做…… ?be afraid of (doing) sth. 害怕…… be afraid to do sth. 不敢…… ?be angry with sb. 生……的气 be angry at sth. 因……而生气 不同形容词+同一介词 be +adj.+ of be careful of sth. 小心,注意…… be certain/sure of sth. 对……有把握 be fond of (doing) sth. 喜欢…… be glad of sth. 为……而高兴 be proud of sb. 以……感到自豪 be ashamed of sb./ (doing)sth. 为……感到羞愧be afraid of (doing) sth. 害怕…… be full of sth. 充满…… be short of sth. 缺乏……

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