Typical cases of green trade barriers

Typical cases of green trade barriers

Green tariff system:

[Case 1] In 1994, the US Environmental Protection Agency stipulated that the harmful substances such as sulfur and benzene contained in gasoline sold in nine major cities in the United States must be below a certain level. Domestic producers can gradually reach the relevant standards, but imported gasoline must be reached immediately after the entry into force of the regulations on January 1, 1995, otherwise imports are prohibited.

Green technical standards:

[Case 2] As Japanese cars had long been popular in the US and European markets, the EU was trying to limit the growth of Japanese cars in the European market by developing and implementing new vehicle emission standards. According to the new environmental protection standards, the carbon dioxide emissions of all cars sold in the European market in 2008 would be 25% lower than in 1995, which was obviously aimed at Japanese and Korean companies. South Korean auto companies opposed this standard on the grounds that they were 'technically difficult to achieve'; the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association stated that 'worked together with European companies', but did not explicitly state that it would meet the standards. In addition, before the EU adopted new emission standards, the EU will first required Japanese and Korean

companies to meet the standards first, otherwise they will not be able to export cars to the European market. According to analysis, since the cars imported from Japan were mainly high-end recreational vehicles and large cars in the European market, the average carbon dioxide emission level is nearly 10% higher than that of locally produced cars in Europe. To achieve the standard, Japanese cars will reduce their carbon dioxide emissions by an average of more than 31%.

On March 19, 1999, the Japanese government immediately adopted a retaliatory strategy after negotiations with the European Union on the breakdown of automobile emission standards: the implementation of the discriminatory 'Energy Conservation Amendment Act' on April 1, 1999. The bill stipulated that cars of different quality and use that were sold in the Japanese market by 2010 must meet the corresponding energy-saving standards to reduce vehicle emissions. The specific regulations are as follows: For two people (according to 110 kg), the petrol car with a total mass of less than 1 t will be 17.7% more energy-efficient than the 1995 model by the year of 1995; the car from 1t to 1.249t in the same period should save 25.7%; 1.250t ~ 1.499t cars should achieve more than 30% energy saving; cars of 1.500 ~ 1.749t or more, by 2010 will achieve energy savings of 24% ~ 9.7%. Since nearly 90% of the cars produced in the US and Europe were in the range of 1.250t or more in the Japanese market, so almost all US and European cars will be

subject to more stringent energy-saving requirements in the Japanese market. However, Japanese cars were mainly light in the domestic market, which meant Japanese companies will not be seriously affected by this policy.

In response, the US government submitted a submission to the WTO in March 2000. It pointed out that Japan's unilateral improvement of vehicle energy efficiency standards was a direct impediment to foreign motor import imports and required the WTO to conduct investigations.

FOB贸易术语解释(中英文)

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国际贸易术语中英文精修订

国际贸易术语中英文标准化管理部编码-[99968T-6889628-J68568-1689N]

外销员辅导物流货运费英文术语大全 海运费oceanfreight 集卡运费、短驳费Drayage 订舱费bookingcharge 报关费customsclearancefee 操作劳务费labourfeeorhandlingcharge 商检换单费exchangefeeforCIP 换单费D/Ofee 拆箱费De-vanningcharge 港杂费portsur-charge 电放费B/Lsurrenderfee 冲关费emergentdeclearationchange 海关查验费customsinspectionfee 待时费waitingcharge 仓储费storagefee 改单费amendmentcharge 拼箱服务费LCLservicecharge 动、植检疫费animal&plantquarantinefee 移动式其重机费mobilecranecharge 进出库费warehousein/outcharge 提箱费containerstuffingcharge 滞期费demurragecharge 滞箱费containerdetentioncharge 卡车运费cartagefee 商检费commodityinspectionfee 转运费transportationcharge 污箱费containerdirtynesschange 坏箱费用containerdamagecharge 清洁箱费containerclearancecharge 分拨费dispatchcharge 车上交货FOT(freeontrack) 电汇手续费T/Tfee 转境费/过境费I/Ebondedcharge

全套外贸术语 贸易术语 中英文对照

1. Trade-related Terms 贸易相关术语 A．贸易 Foreign Trade 对外贸易 Entrepot Trade F。）转口贸易 Home （Domestic）Trade 内贸 Coastal Trade 沿海贸易 Cross-border Trade 边境贸易 Barter Trade 易货贸易 Compensation Trade 补偿（互补）贸易 Bilateral trade （between China and the US）（中美）双边贸易Multilateral Trade ( Multilaterism ) 多边贸易 Trading House/Corporation/Firm/Company 贸易公司 Liner Trade 集装箱班轮运输 B．合同 Contract 合同 Active service contracts on file 在备有效服务合同

Sales Contract 销售合同 Sales Confirmation 销售确认书 Agreement 协议 Vessel sharing Agreement 共用舱位协议 Slot-sharing Agreement 共用箱位协议 Slot Exchange Agreement 箱位互换协议 Amendment 修正合同 Appendix 附录 Quota 配额 C．服务合同 Service Contract as provided in the Shipping Act of 1984， a contract between a shipper （or a shippers association）and an ocean carrier （or conference）in which the shipper makes a commitment to provide a certain minimum quantity of cargo or freight revenue over a fixed time period，and the ocean common carrier or

国际贸易术语(中英文对照)

分析证书certificate of analysis 一致性证书certificate of conformity 质量证书certificate of quality 测试报告test report 产品性能报告product performance report 产品规格型号报告product specification report 工艺数据报告process data report 首样测试报告first sample test report 价格／销售目录price ／sales catalogue 参与方信息party information 农产品加工厂证书mill certificate 家产品加工厂证书post receipt 邮政收据post receipt 重量证书weight certificate 重量单weight list 证书ceitificate 价值与原产地综合证书combined certificate of value and origin 移动声明Ａ．ＴＲ．１movement certificate Ａ．ＴＲ．１ 数量证书certificate of quantity 质量数据报文quality data message 查询query 查询回复response to query 订购单purchase order 制造说明manufacturing instructions 领料单stores requisition 产品售价单invoicing data sheet 包装说明packing instruction 内部运输单internal transport order 统计及其他管理用内部单证statistical and oter administrative internal docu-ments 直接支付估价申请direct payment valuation request 直接支付估价单direct payment valuation 临时支付估价单rpovisional payment valuation 支付估价单payment valuation 数量估价单quantity valuation request 数量估价申请quantity valuation request 合同数量单contract bill of quantities-BOQ 不祭价投标数量单unpriced tender BOQ 标价投标数量单priced tender BOQ 询价单enquiry 临时支付申请interim application for payment 支付协议agreement to pay 意向书letter of intent 订单order 总订单blanket order

贸易术语中英文对照

国际贸易—— 出口信贷 export credit 出口津贴 export subsidy 商品倾销 dumping 外汇倾销 exchange dumping 优惠关税 special preferences 保税仓库 bonded warehouse 贸易顺差 favorable balance of trade 贸易逆差 unfavorable balance of trade 进口配额制 import quotas 自由贸易区 free trade zone 对外贸易值 value of foreign trade 国际贸易值 value of international trade 普遍优惠制 generalized system of preferences-GSP 最惠国待遇 most-favored nation treatment-MFNT 价格条件—— 价格术语trade term (price term) 运费freight 单价 price 码头费wharfage

总值 total value 卸货费landing charges 金额 amount 关税customs duty 净价 net price 印花税stamp duty 含佣价price including commission 港口税portdues 回佣return commission 装运港portof shipment 折扣discount,allowance 卸货港port of discharge 批发价 wholesale price 目的港portof destination 零售价 retail price 进口许口证inportlicence 现货价格spot price 出口许口证exportlicence 期货价格forward price 现行价格（时价）current price/ prevailing price

13种贸易术语的比较归纳-贸易术语的归纳总结

13种贸易术语归纳对比

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7、目的港的进口清关，费用等均由买方负责办理；装运港的装船，陆运，出口报关，办理许可证等均由卖方办理。 8、卖方都有在装运港安排订舱、配船的义务。 不同点： 1、价格术语后港口性质不一样，FOB后的港口指卖方所在国的港口，而CFR与CIF 后的港口指买方所在国的港口 2、费用构成不一样，报价不一样。FOB价格是考虑货物从原料购进、生产直到出口报关货物装到买方指定船舱同的一切费用和利润为止，而CFR是在FOB价格的基础上再加上海运费,CIF则是在FOB价格的基础上再加上海运费和保险费。 3、码头作业费的支付对象不同。按照谁支付海运费谁支付THC费用的原则，FOB价格条款中THC费用应由买方承担，CFR与CIF中THC应由卖方承担，现行国内THC标准为20‘柜370元，大柜40’为560元，THC费用应在贸易合同中明确注明由谁支付。 4、保险费支付、办理不同：FOB、CFR 保险由买方办理，卖方应于装船前通知买方；CIF 保险由卖方办理并支付保险费，卖方按合同条款，保险条款办理保险并将保险单交给买方。 5、装船通知告知买方时间不同：FOB价格和CFR在装船前告知买方，装船内容、装船细节以便买方有充足的时间办理货物海上保险而CIF是由卖方投保可在装船后几天内告知买方装船通知。 FCA、CPT、CIP异同比较： 共同点： 1、适用于任何运输方式，包括多式联运，也包括海运。在船舷无实际意义

全套外贸术语,贸易术语,中英文对照

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贸易术语中英文对照

国际贸易—— 出口信贷export credit 出口津贴export subsidy 商品倾销dumping 外汇倾销exchange dumping 优惠关税special preferences 保税仓库bonded warehouse 贸易顺差favorable balance of trade 贸易逆差unfavorable balance of trade 进口配额制import quotas 自由贸易区free trade zone 对外贸易值value of foreign trade 国际贸易值value of international trade

普遍优惠制generalized system of preferences-GSP 最惠国待遇most-favored nation treatment-MFNT

卸货港port of discharge 批发价wholesale price 目的港portof destination 零售价retail price 进口许口证inportlicence 现货价格spot price 出口许口证exportlicence 期货价格forward price 现行价格（时价）current price/ prevailing price 国际市场价格world (International)Marketprice 离岸价（船上交货价）FOB-free on board

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⑹买方的权利和义务：①付款、接单、提货；②办理进口手续。 2.2.不同点 ⑴办理运输的责任的规定不同，CPT和CIP下由卖方办理运输，FCA合同下由买方办理。 ⑵办理保险的责任不同，CIP合同下由卖方办理保险，FCA和CPT下由买方办理保险。 ⑶术语后跟的地点不同，FCA后为指定地点，CPT和CIP后为指定目的地，因运输方式不同，视情况而定。 ⑷价格构成不同，CPT=FCA+F；CIP=CPT+I。 三、FOB和FCA、CFR和CPT、CIF和CIP的异同点 3.1.FOB和FCA的异同点 3.1.1.相同点 在交货方式、办理运输和保险的责任归谁、货物在运输途中的风险划分、货价构成、按术语签订的合同类型方面都相同。 3.1.2.不同点 ①适用的运输方式：FOB仅适合水上运输，因此交货地点只能在装运港；而FCA则适用于包括多式联运方式在内的任何运输方式，交货地点依运输方式的不同由双方加以约定； ②在风险及费用划分的具体界限方面也存在差距，FOB是以越过装运港船舷为界，FCA是以货交承运人为界。 3.2.CFR和CPT的异同点 3.2.1.相同点 ①都是由买方负责安排运输、将货物运往指定目的地、货物在运输过程中的风险都由买方承担、货价构成因素中都包括运费； ②它们都属于装运地交货的术语，签订的合同都属于装运合同，卖方只需保证按时交货，并不保证按时到货。 3.2.2.不同点 ①适用的运输方式：CFR仅适合水上运输，因此交货地点只能在装运港；而CPT则适用于包括多式联运方式在内的任何运输方式，交货地点依运输方式的不同由双方加以约定；

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