虚拟语气
应用条件
在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，
虚拟语气
表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。
编辑本段在非真实条件状语从句中的用法
真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
eg：
If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bu s. 如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。( 真实)
If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实）
If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去。（非真实，虚拟语气）
If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（非真实，虚拟语气）
用法及动词形式
1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：
从句：主语+过去时
主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do
例：
1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella.
如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）
2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.
如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）
3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.
如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也
有水)
4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.
如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱）
5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.
如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力）
2、表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句：主语+had done
主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done
例：
1. If I had gotten there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。
（事实：去晚了）
2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。
（事实：没有听我的话）
3、表示对将来情况的主观推测
从句：①if+主语+were to do 主句：①主语
+should/would/could/might+do
②if+主语+did/were ②主语+should/would/could/might+do
③if+主语+should+do ③主语+should/would/could/might+do
例：
1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him.
如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小）
2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.
如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：不知能否下雪）
3.If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.
如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。
4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。
①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。
如：
If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.
如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了
If they had informed us, we would not come here now.
如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。
②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。
如：
If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing.
如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。
If he knew her, he would have greeted her.
要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。
5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即将were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。
如：
Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.
要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。
Were she here, she would agree with us.
如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。
Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.
如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。
6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without…., but for….等
如：
But for his help, we would be working now.
要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress.
要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。
We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.
我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。
7、有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。
①省略从句
He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。
You could have passed this exam. 你应该能通过这次考试了。
②省略主句
If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。
If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。、
编辑本段虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood)的其他用法
用在wish 后的宾语从句
a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式
eg. I wish I had your brains.
我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你)
b、表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+done
eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter.
我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。（事实：原来不知道）
c、表示将来难以实现的愿望
谓语动词：should/would + 动词原形
eg. I wish I should have a chance again.
我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。（事实：很难再有这样的机会了）(注：if only和as if/as though也有相同用法）
用在目的状语从句中
1.在for fear that, in case, lest引导的从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：should + 动词原形。并且 should不能省略
She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in.
她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。
He started out earlier lest he should be late.
他很早就出发了以防迟到。
2、在so that, in order that所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。
He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。
He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词。
其他用法
1、一想要(desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(order. command)四建议(advice. suggest. propose)五要求(demand. require. request. desire.insist)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should + 动词原形”或只用“动词原形”。
如：
He suggested that we (should) take the teacher’s advice.
He insisted that we (should) take the teacher’s advice.
He demand that we (should) take the teacher’s advice.
He ordered that we (should) take the teacher’s advice.
insist如果翻译成坚持某种动作才用虚拟语气；翻译成坚持某种观点就不用虚拟语气。
如：He insist he is a student.
他坚持说他是个学生。
这个语句表示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。
suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。
如： His face suggests that he looks worried .
他的表情暗含着他很担心。
这个句子本身是事实，因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。
2、表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如:necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity等。
句型：It is.......that +主语从句，从句的谓语动词都要用should+原型或只用动词过去式。
3、在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。如：Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do.
即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。（事实：他没来）
Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here.
即使华佗在世也救不了他。（事实：华佗不在世）
4、在whatever，whichever，whenever，whoever, wherever，however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为：指现在或将来：may +动词原形。
如：
We will finish it on time no matter what may happen.
不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。
We will find him wherever he may be.
无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。
I will wait for him no matter how late he may come.
不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。
指过去：may +完成式。
如：
You mustn’t be proud whatever great progress you may have made.
不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲。
We must respect him no matter what mistakes he may have made.
不管他犯过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。
5、一般would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：
过去 had + 过去分词
现在过去时(be 用were )
将来过去时(be 用were )
如：
I’d rather you had seen the film yesterday.
我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。
I’d rather you were here now.
我倒想你现在在这儿。
We’d rather you went here tomorrow.
我们倒想你明天去那儿
6、虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中，表示：“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + 动词原形，即从句用虚拟过去式。
如
It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.
我该去学校接我的女儿了。
It is high time you should go to work.
你早该上班了。
7、简单句中的虚拟语气
（1）说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为：would / could / might / should + 动词原形。
如：
Would you mind my shutting the door?
我把门关起来你介意吗？
You should always learn this lesson by heart.
你要把这个教训牢记于心。
I should agree with you.
我应该同意你的观点。
（2）表示“祝愿”时，常用may + 主语+ 动词原形。
如：
May you have a good journey!
祝你一路顺风。
May your youth last for ever!
祝你青春永驻。
（3）表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时，常用动词原形。
如：
Long live the Communist Party of China.
中国共产党万岁。
God bless us.
上帝保佑。
（4）习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。
① 提出请求或邀请。如：
Would you like to have a talk with us this evening?
今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗？
Could I use your bike now?
我可以用一下你的单车吗？
② 陈述自己的观点或看法。如：
I should glad to meet you.
见到你我会很高兴。
I would try my best to help you.
我会尽力帮助你。
③提出劝告或建议。如：
You’d better ask your father first.
你最好先问一问你的父亲。
You should make a full investigation of it first.
你应该先全面调查一番。
④ 提出问题。如：
Do you think he could get here on time?
你认为他能按时来吗？
Do you expect he would tell us the truth?
你期望他会告诉我们真相吗？
⑤表示对过去情况的责备时，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：情态动词 + have + 过去分词。
如：
You should have got here earlier. 你应该早就到这里了。
You should have returned it to him. 你应该把它还给他了。
8、虚拟语气在方式状语从句的应用。详见百度百科之方式状语从句词条。
编辑本段四、省略的虚拟条件句型
省略连词if
有时可将条件从句的连词if省略，但此时应用倒装句型，即将从句中的were, should, had 等提到句首：
Were I Tom, I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。
I will go, should it be necessary. 假若有必要，我会去的。
Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。
【注】
① 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were, should, had 等缩略成Weren’t, Shouldn’t, Hadn’t而置于句首。
② 有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词：
Had I time, I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…)
省略条件句的主语和其后的动词be
若主从句主语一致，且谓语部分包含有动词be，通常可将主语和动词be省略：
If repaired earlier, the tractor would not have broken down.
要是早点儿修一下，拖拉机就不会抛锚了。(=If it had been repaired earlier…)
省略“it+be”
If necessary, I would send more farm-hands to help you.
如果需要的话我会派更多的民工去帮你。(=If it was necessary, I would…)
省略整个条件从句
这样的省略通常需要借助一定的上下文，即省略条件从句后，所剩下
的主句的意思在一定的上下文中意思是清楚的：
I might see her personally. It would be better. 我可以亲自去
看她，这样好一些。(=…If I saw her personally, it would be better.) 编辑本段在含蓄条件句中的用法
(1) 条件暗含在短语中。如：
We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.
我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。（暗含条件是otherwise）
Without your help, we wouldn’t have achieved so much.
没有你的帮助，我们不可能取得这么大的成绩。
（暗含条件是介词短语without your help）
But for your help, I would not have succeeded in the experiment.
如果没有你的帮助，我的实验就不会成功。（暗含条件是but for your help）
It would cause great trouble not to lubricate the bearing immediately.
不立即润滑轴承就会引起很大的故障。
（暗含条件是not to lubricate the bearing immediately）
(2) 条件暗含在上下文中。如：
I would not have done it that way.
我是不会那么做的。（可能暗含if I were you）
I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have come to help you.
我那天很忙。否则我会来帮你的。（可能暗含if I hadn’t been so busy.）
You might come to join us in the discussion.
你可以参加我们的讨论。（可能暗含if you wanted to）
I would have bought the DVD player.
我是会买下那台影碟机的。（可能暗含if I had the money）
But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.
要不是碰到暴雨，我们还会早些到。（可能暗含if it had not been for the storm）。
Wish and if only 引导的虚拟语气区别
if only强调所希望的状态并不存在，而wish则表示某事有可能发生。 一、wish用法说明 动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。 要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时（be 动词一律用were）；表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或 would/could+had +过去分词； 表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，从句谓语用 would/could/should/might＋动词原形。 I wish I were not so busy.但愿我不那样忙碌。 I wish I were [was] better looking.要是我长得漂亮些就好了。 She wished she had stayed at home.她后悔的是她当时要是留在家里就好了。 I wish you would go with us tomorrow.要是你明天同我们一起去就好了。 I wish you wouldn’t look down on this kind of work.我希望你不要看不起这种工作。 This watch has gone wrong. I wish I had bought a better make.这只表坏了，我真愿意我买的是好一点的牌子。 I wish you wouldn’t smoke any more.我希望你不再抽烟了。 I wish you would be more respectful to your father.我希望你对你父亲更尊敬些。 I wish I could be of some use.我希望我能有什么用处。 二、if only 1.在if only这个短语中，only只是加强if的语气的，不仅能表达说话人的愿望，而且能表达条件。
虚拟语气2
虚拟语气 1．虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 e.g. He would be alive today if the doctor had come sooner last night. If it were not for… / If it had not been for… = but for 3) 特殊结构的条件句but for without (with no) e.g. If it were not for his, help, I could never go to college. e.g. But for air and water, nothing could live. e.g. Without electricity, there would be no modern industry. 4) 条件句的省略 a.省if，用倒装，限于谓动为were, had, should e.g. Were I you, is shouldn’t so it like that. Had you not helped me, I should have failed. 如果没有你的帮助我就失败了。 b.省主句的虚拟结构（表愿望） e.g. If only I could help you! 如果我能帮助你就好了。 If only I had more money! 要是我有更多的钱就好了。 If only you had not told him what I said! 要是你没有把我的话告诉他就好了。 2. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用 1）It is + adj. + that …+ (should) v.: 表愿望，要求，建议等 necessary, important, essential, imperative, natural, impossible, strange, vital, obligatory, resolved, desirable, advisable, preferable, urgent, etc. e.g. It is strange that she (should) have left with the light still on. 2) It is + p.p. + that…+ (should) v.: 表愿望，要求，建议等 suggested, required, demanded, urged, ordered, desired, advised requested, urged, proposed, recommended, etc. e.g. it is suggested that the automobile be oiled every day. 3) It is (high / about) time + (that)…+ 一般过去式（be →were） e.g. It is high time that we were off to London. 3. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用 1) suggest, require, order, demand, propose, advise, insist, maintain, recommend, urge, prefer, request, command, desire, ask, object, direct, pray, propose等后的宾从宾从谓动(should) v. 2) wish后的宾从 a. 表无能为力的过去愿望 sb. wish + (that)…+ had ved. / could (would, might) have ved.
虚拟语气详解
虚拟语气详解 虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望（往往与客观事实相反），或是表示假象和猜测。虚拟语气无论从形式上还是时态上都比较复杂，需要归类记忆。 虚拟语气大体分为三类：(1) be型虚拟(2) were型虚拟(3) if 条件句及主句虚拟下面会详细说每种虚拟形式的特征和规律，考试时先判断属于哪种虚拟类型，剩下的皆是套路~ （1）be型虚拟（基本是套路） 形式：should + 动词原形，should可以省略 用法：1）表示“命令、建议、要求”等意义词语之后的宾语从句用be型虚拟，常见的词如下: demand, desire, insist, order, ask, command, propose, recommend, suggest, prefer, require, request等 最常见的形式是这类动词后面接着一个宾语从句，则宾语从句的谓语部分要用（should）+ 动词原形来虚拟 例: We demand that the meeting（should）be postponed. The manager suggested that we (should) work together. 注意：有时候你所见到不一定是上述动词引导的宾语从句，而是由上述词变体后所引导主语从句(it做形式主语，如：it is advised/ suggested/ requested/ ordered/ proposed that…)、表语从句或同位语从句 例如：It is required that the students (should) learn a foreign language. (主语从句) The requirement is that all the equipment in the meeting room (should) be checked twice before. (表语从句) We didn’t stand for his proposal that the meeting (should)be postponed. (同位语从句) 只要看到句中有上述动词或其变体，不管词性怎么变、句型怎么变，都用be型虚拟！ 特例：suggest和insist这两个比较特殊，当suggest作“暗示、表明、说明”讲，insist 作“坚持说”讲，后面一般跟的是客观事实，不需要虚拟~这是一个比较重要的考点，体会下面两组句子： We all suggest that a lab (should) be built. 我们都建议建一个实验室。 Her expression suggests that she is angry. 她的表情说明她生气了。 She insisted that we should find the source of the river. 她坚持主张我们应该找到河的源头。 She insisted that she had done nothing wrong. 她坚持说自己没做错事。 suggest 的区别很明显，但insist有点难辨别，一般来说如果insist后面跟的是某种主张，或是坚持要做一件事，那么用虚拟。 2）表示主观看法，常表示“某事是必要的、重要的。。。怎么怎么样的”，尤其是在“ it is +名词/形容词+ that从句”结构中，常见的形容词包括：advisable, desirable, essential, imperative, important, necessary, obligatory, proper, dispensable, impossible, natural, surprising等 例如：It is advisable that you (should) leave now. It is necessary that teenagers (should) take part in outside activities. It is of great importance that smoking (should) be banned in public area.
虚拟语气用法详解 (1)
虚拟语气用法详解 一、条件句中的虚拟语气 1.条件句中虚拟语气的形式 条件句有真实条件句和非真实(虚拟)条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，而非真实条件句则通常表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生：If I have time, I will go with them. 假若我有时间，我就同他们去。(陈述语气) If I were you, I would go with them. 假若我是你，我就同他们去。(虚拟语气) 非真实条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。 注：几点特别说明 ①主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后。would, might, could的大致区别是：wo uld表示结果，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较：If you tried again you would succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。(would表结果) If you tried again you might succeed. 要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。(might表可能) If you tried again you could succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。(could表能力) ②条件从句的谓语动词为be时，不管其主语为单数还是复数通常都用were，但在口语或非正式文体中的单数第一人称和第三人称后，也可用was，不过在If I were you这样的表达中，通常还是以用were为宜。 ③有时条件从句用would表示愿意： If he would live on with me, I would be his better half. 要是他还愿意跟我过，我仍会做他的妻子。
高中英语 第二册 语法总结 虚拟语气
新概念英语第二册语法总结：虚拟语气 虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握： 1、虚拟条件句。 2、名词性虚拟语气。 3、虚拟语气的其他用语。 一、虚拟条件句： 条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。 1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为： If 主语＋过去时，主语＋should(could, would, 或might)＋动词原形，如： If I were you, I would study hard. If it rained, I would not be here now. 2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为： If 主语＋had＋过去分词，主语＋should(could, would, 或might)＋have＋过去分词，如：If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved. If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term. 3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为： If 主语+should(were to, 过去时)＋do，主语＋should(could...)＋原形do，如： If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes. If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry. 注意问题： 1、If条件句中绝对不可出现"would"。 2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型。 3、在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如： Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved. Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes. Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结
虚拟语气: 表示说的话不是事实，不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况，表达一种愿望、建议、假设。 if were/did, would do if had done, would have done if were to do/should do, would do 举例： If I were you, I would do nothing about it. If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低)，they wouldn’t go shopping. 附注： 虚拟语气，条件状从倒装 状语从句中，去掉if,提前were/ had/ should 如：If I were you, I would give up. →Were I you, I would give up If you had taken the advice, you would have…. →Had you taken the advice, you would have… If the world shou ld come to an end,…… →Should the world come to an end…… 另外，without, but for, otherwise构成的条件状语从句中，也有含蓄的虚拟语气But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (popularization 普及，publicity 宣传) Without your help, I would have failed. We’ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat.（表示可能性小）
虚拟语气(二)
一、概念 中文译作"虚拟语气"。它是一种动词形式，表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义。 二、语法结构 1.if结构（非真实条件句——表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况） 与..事实相反If从句主句 过去Had done Would* have done 现在Were/did Would* do 将来Should do/were/were to do Would* do 例句：If there hadn’t been much rain in spring, we would have had a good harvest now. [过去] If he smoked less, his cough might be well soon. [现在] If the lecturer should be late, you would have to make a speech first. [将来] 备注： （1）上表中’*’，would都可转换为should、could、might。 （2) 如果为时间错综句的话，左右两栏可互相搭配，排列组合。 例句： He would still be alive today if he hadn’t taken that drug. [与现在事实相反] [与过去事实相反] (3) if可转换为其他形式 例句：Without your advice, our meeting wouldn’t have been so successfully. [过去] （=>可转换为：If there hadn’t been your advice, we …） Your notes are almost illegible (难以辨认的). Notes typed out would be a lot easier to read. [将来] (=> 可转换为：If the notes had been typed out, it would be a lot easier to read.) I should have gone to see Dr. Smith and he might have cured me of the disease.[过去] (=> 可转换为：If he have gone to see Dr. Smith, he ..) 2、wish结构 与..事实相反 过去Had done 现在Were/did
虚拟语气教案 (2)
Subjunctive mood 一. Teaching aims: 1、Knowledge and ability 1）. Know what the subjunctive mood refers to 2）. Know the different forms of the subjunctive mood 3）. Master the structure of the subjunctive mood about “if …” and the structures of the different forms of the subjunctive mood. 4）. Do some exercises about the grammar and flexible to use it in specific language environment. 2、Process and method goals : Combine guidance of teachers and student self-learning；combine to grammar explanations and grammar exercises enable students to master the subjunctive mood in use. 3、Emotional attitudes and values objectives： To develop students' independent learning and the exploring ability, increase their awareness of cooperation, to improve students' language skills and the ability to express their views. 二、teaching difficult point Can use this rules of grammar to complete various training exercises and use in the actual language. 三.、Teaching important points 1) The subjunctive mood is often found in a clause be ginning with the word “if”. 2) Get students to learn the proper forms of verbs in subjunctive mood. 四、Teaching methods： 1) Multi-media teaching 2) Cooperative learning-for example: group discussion 3）Inductive method 五、Teaching aids：PPT，video
高三年级英语语法-虚拟语气全总结
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中 ①错综时间条件句: 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如： If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. ②if省略句 在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。否定句时not留在原来位置不变。如： If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。 If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. 如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。 ③用介词代替条件状语从句 常用的介词有with, without, but for。如： What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars)
虚拟语气和错综条件时间从句区别
虚拟语气和错综条件时间从句区别 You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. （错综时间条件从句） You would have been much better now if you had taken my advice.(虚拟） 假若你当时听我的话，你现在就会好多了 在表示虚拟语气的句子中，条件从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时，谓语动词的形式要根据各自所表示的时间来调整，这种现象叫做错综时间虚拟语气。You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.假若你当时听我的话，现在就会好多了。（从句过去，主句现在）would have been 是与过去事实相反的非真实条件句 一般来说虚拟语气中的混合时态的句子都有具体的时间词来进行提示的，比如 说： If we had arrived at the shopping mall earlier, we would get more gifts now. 如果我们早点来商场的话（过去的时间虚拟），我们现在就可以拿更多的礼物了 （现在的虚拟）。 这是两个不同时间的虚拟语气，有相应的时间词来提示的，now来提示后句的时 间是现在而不是和前面一样的过去。 If we had arrived at the shopping mall earlier, we would have got more gifts. 如果我们早点来商场的话，我们就会拿到更多的礼物了。（已经拿了礼物了，但是实际上过去拿的时候没有拿到那么多） 如果从句和主句都表示过去的，那从句用had done,主句用 would ,could,might,should+have done 如：If you had taken my advice,you would not have been late for the meeting yesterday.如果从句表示过去的，但主句表示现在的，从句用had done,主句用would ,could,might,should+do,如：If you had taken my advice,you would not be late for the meeting now.这种一般都有个时间，如果没有表示时间的词也可以从上下文看出。 虚拟语气的用法错误。
虚拟语气用法归纳 (2)
虚拟语气用法归纳 虚拟语气主要指的的是带有非真实条件状语从句的复合句，表达的是说话人的遗憾后悔的语气，愿望以及建议，命令，要求等等的情感，往往说的是与事实相反或者没办法实现改变的东西。虚拟语气主要表现为在对过去现在或者将来的情况做出假设后，有可能出现的情况。 虚拟语气的内容主要有三大模块，第一模块就是涉及到条件从句部分的内容。这一部分的虚拟语气主要体现在三个方面：基本用法，各自为政，以及含蓄之美。 下表就是条件从句虚拟语气的基本用法： 通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。 如何“各自为政”呢这就像是数学里的排列组合，一边有三种情况，交叉一搭配就出现了好多种情况。不管怎样，我们要遵循一个原则，就是“各自为政”。例如，从句是对过去情况的假设，而主句则是对现在情况的假设，那我们在使用时，从句就用过去完成式，而主句要用would/could do的形式。当然，也不是所有的AB配就是合理的，有时候在具体语境下，会出现矛盾的情况，这时我们就要结合要表达的意思来判断他们是对什么情况的假设，选择合适的形式。一般而言，主句的假设时间会发生在从句的假设时间之后。因为是有这么一个条件才会出现主句的现状。因此在此类的完成句子练习中，我们要特别提醒注意时间状语的暗示 1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 2. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 3. If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad. (从句和主句都是现在的假设) 4. Had you followed the doctor’s suggestion, you would be fine now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 5. If I had made some money last summer, I would go on holiday next month.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对将来的假设) 6. You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turns, you wouldn’t be so tired now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 7. If Jack hadn’t met Rose on his voyage, he would be alive now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 8. If Lily didn’t attend today’s party, she could not have the chance to work in the company next week. (从句是对现在的假设，主句是对将来的假设) 9. Had Father followed my travel plan , our family would not stay at home now. (从句是对
高中英语语法(虚拟语气)
Unit13虚拟语气专题讲解 【知识要点】 语气（mood）是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。 英语有三种语气： ＊直陈语气（indicative mood）---- 事实 France lies to the east of England. ＊祈使语气（imperative mood）---- 请求、命令 Make yourself at home. ＊虚拟语气（subjunctive mood） If there were no air and water , we should not be able to live on the earth. 虚拟语气表示说话人的一种主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件而不一定是事实，或与事实相反。 一. 虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法 假设类型条件从句谓语 动词形式 主语谓语 动词形式 与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be用were而不用was) should/ would /could/ might+动词原形 与过去事实相反had + 过去分词 should/ would/could /might + have+过去分词 与将来事实相反1.should+动词原形 2.动词过去式 3.were to+动词原形 should/ would/ could/ might +动词原形 1. 在错综条件句子中，虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词应根据所指的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。 1）If I were you，I wouldn't have missed the film last night． 2）If he had followed the doctor's advice，he would recover already．（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） 2、在if虚拟条件句中，有时可把连词省去，采用倒装语序把谓语动词were或助动词did，had，should 移到句 首构成非真实条件从句的另一种句型，其意思不变。 1）Had we time to spare，we would be glad to go to the park． 2）Were it not for the discovery of electricity，the modern world would experience great inconvenience． 3、有时假设的情况不用if引导虚拟条件从句来表述，而用介词（如without， but for等）引出的短语、分词 （如supposing等）引出的短语、并列连词（如or，otherwise，but，though等）、由动词suppose引出的祈使句或通过上下文的意思来表达。此时句中谓语动词仍采用虚拟语气的相应形式。 1）But for your advice，I would not be able to do this work． 2）Victor obviously doesn't know what's happened，otherwise he wouldn't have made such a stupid remark．。
虚拟语气用法归纳
虚拟语气（the subjunctive mood）用法归纳 第一部分：语气的定义和种类 1、语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2、语气的种类 ⑴陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和 某些感叹句。如： ① There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面。 ② Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ ③ How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊！ ⑵祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： ① Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。 ② Don’t forget to turn off the light. 别忘了关灯。 ⑶虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推 测等。如： ① If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 ② I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。 ③ May you succeed! 祝您成功！ 第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气， 常用于日常会话中。如： ⑴ Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office? 请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？ ⑵ It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如： ⑴ May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！ ⑵ May you be happy! 祝你快乐！ ⑶ May you do even better! 祝你取得更大成就！ ⑷ May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。 ⑸ May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 ⑹ May you be happy. 祝你幸福。 【注意】本句型属于部分倒装句型，主语后用动词原形。 2、用动词原形。如： ⑴ Long live the people! 人民万岁！ ⑵ “God bless you,” said the priest. 牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！” ⑶ Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！ 三、表示强烈愿望。（该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”） ⑴ God save me. ⑵ Heaven help us. 四、表命令。 1. 命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。 2. 句子尾通常加上感叹号。
英语虚拟语气总结(一)
英语虚拟语气总结（一） 一、概说 英语有三种语气，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用于陈述事实、提出看法或问题等，祈使语气用于表示请求、命令或警告等，虚拟语气则表示假想或主观愿望：He is honest. 他很诚实。(陈述语气) Don’t be late next time. 下次别迟到。(祈使语气) If I were you I wouldn’t go. 我要是你，我就不会去。(虚拟语气) I wish I had a lot of money. 要是我有很多钱就好了。(虚拟语气) 二、带虚拟条件的虚拟语气 1.真实条件句和非真实条件句 条件句有真实条件句和非真实(虚拟)条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，而非真实条件句则通常表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生：If I have time, I will go with them. 假若我有时间，我就同他们去。(陈述语气) If I were you, I would go with them. 假若我是你，我就同他们去。(虚拟语气) 2.虚拟条件句的三种基本类型 (1)若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”： If you took a taxi，you’d get there quicker. 如果你坐出租车去，你可以快一点到那里。(但你不坐) If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。(可惜我不知道) (2)若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”： If I’d left sooner，I’d have been on time. 要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了) If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。(可惜我们找到他太晚了) (3)若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”： If he went，would you go too? 如果他去，你也去吗?(大概他不会去) If I asked him，I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做) 注：① 主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后。would, might, could的大致区别是：would表示结果，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较：If you tried again you would succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。(would 表结果) If you tried again you might succeed. 要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。(might
虚拟语气(2)
虚拟语气(2) 虚拟语气是用来表示与事实相反或不大可能实现的情况。主要是通过动词的变化来体现的。 ▲在某些主语从句和条件状语从句中虚拟的用法 在It is important, impossible, strange, vital 至关重要的, natural, essential必需的；基本的, desirable值得要的, preferable更好的, advisable可取的, appropriate适当的, surprising, sad,urgent, suggested, necessary, requested, ordered,+that…句型中，主语从句在英国英语中用should +原形动词。在美国英语中省略should直接用原形。 在for fear that（以防……起见）引导的条件句中用法同上。 在unless, when, so(as) long as，suppose, in case, on condition lest(以免)引导的条件状语从句中也可用虚拟语气，用法同上。 ●It is necessary that he（should）come on time to attend the meeting. 他按时来出席会议是必要的。 ●It is natural that he（should）love Merry. 他爱玛丽是很自然的事。 ●He took an umbrella for fear that it (should) rain. 他带了一把伞，以防天下雨。
●As long a s my wife (should) get ready, we will go. 只要我太太准备好了，我们就去。 ▲在suggest, propose, demand, inquire, request, desire想望, 期望, insist, order, advise, agree等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后的宾语从句中。英国英语用should +原形动词，美国英语省略“should”用原形动词 ●He insisted that we（should）get there on time. 他坚持我们要按时到那。 ●The dean proposed that the question（should）not be discussed at once. 系主任提议这个问题不要马上讨论。 ▲在think, expect, believe, 是否定形式时，宾语从句可用虚拟语气：should +动词原形，should不可省。 ●She said she never expected I should lend money to her. ▲suggestion, proposal, request, advice, order, command等表示建议、命令、要求等的名词后面的表语从句中，用should+动词原形，表示虚拟，should常常省略。 The general’s command was that the soldiers (should) leave their fort and carry out more important tasks. ▲were (was) to 有时在虚拟条件句中用were (was)表示试探的口气。 ●If you were (was) to do something like that I would not
虚拟语气1
虚拟语气1 一、初中英语虚拟语气 1．–I argued with my best friend. What should I do? --If I ________ you, I would say sorry to her. A．am B．was C．are D．were 【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：句意：我和我最好的朋友吵架了。我该怎么办？如果我是你，我就对她说对不起。虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。在虚拟条件语气句中，表示与现在事实相反的事实，条件从句中的谓语动词用过去式（be用were不用was），主句谓语动词为“would+原形动词”，所以选D。 考点：考查虚拟语气。 2．The air pollution is worse and worse. The government suggests that people ____ to work by subway or by bus. A．go B．goes C．going D．to go 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 句意：空气污染越来越糟糕。政府建议人们乘地铁或者乘公交车去上班。 考查谓语动词。A. go 去；B. goes 去；C. going 在去；D. to go 为了去。这是一个that引导的宾语从句，suggest后跟的宾语从句应用虚拟语气（should）do结构，should可省略。故选A。 3．– I coughed a lot last night. What should I do? – If I _____ you, I would go to see the doctor at once. A．am B．were C．was 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析: 句意：昨晚我不停地咳嗽，我应该怎么办？哪果我是你，我就会马上去看医生。此句为虚拟语气，与现在事实相反，虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形”，故选C。 考点：考查虚拟语气。