中国科学院大学研究生学位统考英语A分级考试真题及详解GET2 2003-1

Part I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (25 minutes, 20 points) Section A ( 1 point each)

1. A. The hero was out of his mind.

B. The hero was a thing, not a human being.

C. The hero overcame many difficulties.

D. The hero was really great.

2. A. Tom wants to travel by air.

B. Tom wants to become a pilot.

C. Tom is greatly interested in power.

D. Tom can seize a chance in time.

3. A. The government should help those youngsters.

B. The government should take the place of those youngsters.

C. The government should encourage those youngsters.

D. The government should place restrictions on those youngsters.

4. A. Because they had the same interests.

B. Because they got along very well.

C. Because both of them were sociable.

D. Because both of them were humorous.

5. A. She likes tiding horses.

B. She has been promoted once a year.

C. She won the second place in a contest.

D. She is very excited.

6. A. She doesn't think the manager is at home.

B. She doesn't know the manager's home phone number.

C. She doesn't think highly of the manager.

D. She doesn't know the manager at all.

7. A. She is not satisfied with her life.

B. She isolates herself from the outside world.

C. She can find a peaceful life only in her dreams.

D. She can't be at peace with others.

8. A. A boss and an employee.

B. A hotel manager and a customer.

C. A landlady and a tenant.

D. A plumber and an apartment owner.

9. A. A conformist.

B. A renowned person.

C. A fighter.

D.A problem person.

Section B ( 1 point each)

10. A. The materials used for building reservoirs.

B. The causes of water pollution.

C. The storage of drinking water.

D. The chemicals used to purify water.

11. A. Rock and soil.

B. Concrete and bricks.

C. Pine and redwood trees.

D. Stones and steel rods.

12. A. People in many parts of the world have to store rainwater for drinking.

B. The mixture of rock and soil can be used as the bottom of a water tank.

C. Chemicals cannot be used to keep the wooden tanks from being ruined.

D. Small water plants may help clean the storage water.

13. A. More than 1700.

B. More than 1600.

C. More than 700.

D. More than 660.

14. A. When a heat wave lasts for several days.

B. When the total amount of heat in a day is very great.

C. When the heat wave is strengthened by the sun.

D. When the night temperature in a heat wave does not drop much.

15. A. Stay at home and avoid going to work.

B. Try to eat more vegetables and fruits.

C. Wear light-colored and comfortable clothes.

D. Use air conditioners and other cooling devices

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a short passage. At the end of the passage you will hear five questions (Questions 16-20). Both the passage and the questions will be read twice and will not be written out for you. There will be a 40-second-pause after each question during which time you are asked to write down your answer on the Answer Sheet using either complete or incomplete sentences.

PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )

Section A (0.5 point each )

21. The hypothesis that language determines thought, suggested by Sapir and Whorf, is well known to

linguists.

A. synthesis

B. conviction

C. fallacy

D. proposition

22. Some comets reappear into sight after an elapse of as long as sixty years.

A. disappearance

B. interval

C. passage

D. eclipse

23. To stay in shape, many middle-aged women have taken to working out in their spare time.

A. dieting

B. overworking

C. exercising

D. wandering

24. Mandela, former president of South Africa, has distinguished himself by fighting racial segregation.

A. separation

B. discrimination

C. unification

D. opposition

25. Victims of motion-sickness suffer from a sensation of cold when riding in a fine car.

A. sentiment

B. feeling

C. sensitivity

D. emotion

26. There are various hierarchies of structures inside a linguistic system. For example, sentences consist of

phrases that can be segmented into individual words.

A. criteria

B. organizations

C. levels

D. standards

27. To maintain social order, the government has to inflict punishments on law-breakers.

A. impose

B. compose

C. dispose

D. expose

28. Seeing the darkening sky, she quickened her steps and made for the nearest subway station.

A. ran into

B. headed for

C. searched for

D. passed by

29. It stands to reason to say that a girl takes after her father while a son his mother.

A. looks after

B. cares for

C. learns from

D. looks like

30. Computers are playing an unprecedented role in the development of modem technology.

A. unguided

B. unrelieved

C. unexampled

D. unexpected

Section B (0.5point each)

31. Social relations are developed when people ______ each other at work or in business.

A. fall back on

B. count on

C. interact with

D. cope with

32. Construction of tall buildings is forbidden around here to _____ further expansion of the airport.

A. account for

B. fall for

C. take for

D. allow for

33. The ability to see things in _______ requires profound knowledge and impartial judgment.

A. prospect

B. perspective

C. respect

D. suspect

34. Successful development of inexpensive drugs for AIDS has much ________ for thousands of HIV patients.

A. influence

B. complication

C. specification

D. implication

35. Senior citizens, especially those above 70, are ________ to some privileges in many countries.

A. enforced

B. engaged

C. entitled

D. enabled

36. Project Hope has succeeded in preventing school pupils from ________ in poverty-stricken areas.

A. leaving out

B. dropping out

C. setting out

D. looking out

37. Vocabulary treatment in this dictionary is clear and readable, sufficiently detailed and admirably ______.

A. complicated

B. primitive

C. promising

D. current

38. Thanks to statesmen of great _______, China is well on her way to becoming a world power.

A. vision

B. sight

C. view

D. spectacle

39. Good biographies can help _________ the barriers of time so that what happened to Abraham Lincoln

becomes "now" as long as you read about him.

A. break up

B. break out

C. break into

D. break down

40. The importance of _________can never be neglected when it comes to fulfilling one's military missions.

A. popularity

B. peculiarity

C. punctuality

D. potentiality

Part III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)

The song of crickets (蟋蟀) captures the attention of millions of people worldwide. How does this small creature sing and for what purpose?

Interestingly, among the approximately 2,400 41 of crickets, only the males sing, or chirp. 42 doing so from their throats, male crickets make music with their wings. One expert explains that male crickets chirp by rubbing part of one forewing along 43 about 50 to 250 teeth on the opposite forewing. The frequency of the chirps depends on the number of teeth 44 per second. The vibrations fill the air with the distinctive song of the cricket.

But surely the male cricket does not sing simply to 45 his human listeners! No, indeed! The intended audience of this musician is a 46 mate. The book Exploring the Secrets of Nature explains: "In his quest for a mate, the male cricket, a skilled 47 , sings three different songs: one to advertise his presence, another to court and the other to threaten unwanted competitors." Some crickets continue to sing to advertise their presence 48 a female cricket shows interest. Hearing the song through the "ears" on her forelegs, the female is not 49 to carry on a long-distance courtship. As she approaches the 50 of the chirping, the male cricket will begin to sing a continuous trill (颤音), the courtship song. This attracts the female to him, and the two crickets mate.

41. A. series B. species C. system D. session

42. A. As for B. Due to C. Based on D. Rather than

43. A. a group of B. a flock of C. a row of D. a bunch of

44. A. struck B. strike C. stroked D. stroke

45. A. abuse B. accuse C. annoy D. amuse

46. A. special B. potential C. initial D. critical

47. A. companion B. communicator C. conductor D. commander

48. A. as long as B. because C. until D. in case

49. A. content B. controversial C. convenient D. conscious

50. A. presentation B. representation C. resource D. source

PART IV READLNG COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)

Passage One

About four years ago, Kerry, Sturgill found herself at a career crossroads: Should she stay in an industry, populated by extroverts (外向型的人) or jump ship to a more reflective place where introverts like her were in the majority?

Career counselors had told her to get out of the highly extroverted public relations fields "so you can be happy and do what you are." Among the less fast-paced areas they pointed to: art, scientific research, data analysis.

Such a move is definitely the right road for many introverts struggling to fit into an extroverted workplace. So, just what is an introvert anyway? It's someone who is energized by thought and reflection, while extroverts are energized by socializing. Introverts naturally need to think before they speak. Extroverts use the speaking process to figure out what it is they want to say.

And, needless to say, there are pluses and minuses to both personality types.

Still, in the modern world where as many as two-thirds of the population may be extroverted, those who are the opposite can be misunderstood. They can be seen as antisocial, secretive, even territorial, because they can sometimes try to protect their "space" and quiet.

Workplaces can actually benefit from having both types, says Deborah Barrett, program director of the Rice University MBA communications program.

An introvert herself, she says she has the best of both worlds--working in an environment of professors, who tend towards introversion, yet getting to teach, which calls on her more "out there" skills.

Here's her advice for those looking to follow the same path:

Make good use of e-mail. If you don't get to make a point at a loud meeting, send a follow-up e-mail sharing your thoughts.

If you don't have an office and are easily distracted by ongoing small talk, consider listening to music through headphones. But take care not to make your more sociable neighbors feel rejected.

Sure, she says, if she had moved to a less stimulating environment, that might have "short-circuited a lot of my pain, but I also believe it would have short-circuited learning what's made me a much more well-rounded person." Her main lesson? "I don't have to be an extrovert. I just have to play at being one for an hour."

51. According to the career counselors, _______________.

A. introverts should try to avoid working in a highly extroverted environment

B. introverts should try to change themselves to fit into an extroverted working environment

C. extroverts should work in less fast-paced areas such as art and scientific research

D. introverts can be happier if they can find jobs in the field of public relations

52. Which of the following statements is true?

A. People with introverted personality have some disadvantages in finding jobs.

B. People with introverted personality, have some advantages in working with others.

C. Both introverted and extroverted people have merits and demerits.

D. Most workplaces need more extroverted people than introverted ones.

53. According to the author, introverts are sometimes misunderstood because they are _________.

A. antisocial

B. reserved

C. aggressive

D. queer

54. Deborah Barrett believes that teaching is a practice of __________.

A. reflection

B. introversion

C. energizing

D. socializing

55. By "short-circuited a lot of my pain"(in the last paragraph). Deborah Barrette means _________.

A. ruined a lot of her happiness

B. saved her a lot of trouble

C. relieved her of a heavy burden

D. added to her sufferings

56. We can learn from Deborah Barrett's case that introverted people ____________.

A. should not share offices with extroverted ones

B. are easily irritated by small talk

C. like to communicate with others via e-mails

D. are reluctant to express their ideas in public

Passage Two

Last week 29 earnest American high school students were invited to an evening of receiving good words, small talk, warm toasts and fancy silverware.

"Find out something about the person sitting next to you," advised former US Secretary of State Madeleine Albright. "Eventually, you'll discover they always have something interesting to say. And you should always use the proper silverware in the proper order."

Albright was the guest of honor at the imitated Official Dinner, which was a lot like a real official dinner in Washington minus the soft money.

The evening was sponsored by the St. Albans School of Public Services to introduce its first class to the fine art of social survival.

More than 84 guests, including students, teachers, school donors and speakers, gathered to replicate the lifestyle of the rich and political.

The idea was to teach the social graces that will help students survive any social situation.

Anyway, the whole proper fork thing is overrated. Former White House official C. Boyden

Gray shared his top tips for surviving dinner parties: "Drink as little as possible until you get to dinner."

"Don't be the first person there or the last person to leave."

"Try to get more out of your dinner partners than they get out of you."

Every Official Dinner has a greater reason for being. State dinners, for example, are either an opportunity to reward emerging democracies or strengthen old friendships.

The Official Dinner was intended to show the students an elegant evening in Washington --part of the four-week intensive summer program to encourage public service. The students are from 13 states and two foreign countries.

The program includes classes on the presidency, the courts, the media and international affairs. The students also debated public policy issues. "They're still at it at 10 o'clock at night," said director Mary Waikart. "That's good practice for Washington, isn't it?"

Since there was no band, Albright offered herself up as the night's entertainer. No singing, but stories about her life in diplomacy. "Being secretary of state is the best job in the world," she said. "Better than being president, because you don't have to deal with the elections."

57. Last week a group of high school students were invited to the dinner party _______________.

A. to see the life style of the rich and political

B. to discuss international and public policy issues

C. to learn to survive in different social situations

D. to learn to become the future leaders of the White House

58. According to Madeleine Albright, at an official dinner_________________.

A. we should get more information about the host

B. we should be sociable by talking with others

C. table manners are not as important as conversing

D. we should learn to entertain others by telling a story

59. The imitated Official Dinner is different from the real ones in that the former_________.

A. was held without the participation of important persons

B. could not get the financial support as easily as the real ones

C. didn't have as many guests as the real ones

D. had nothing to do with political and international issues

60. What does the underlined word "replicate" (in paragraph 5) mean?

A. practice

B. exercise

C. imitate

D. reconstruct

61. According to Boyden Gray, at dinner parties you should_____________.

A. listen to others instead of talking too much

B. drink no alcohol before you go

C. arrive as early as possible

D. leave after the parties are over

62. We can conclude from the passage that

A. there are significant differences between the Official Dinner and other dinner parties

B. American students like to participate in public services very much

C. being a secretary of state is the best, even better than being a president

D. the students who were invited to the dinner party were enthusiastic about the program

Passage Three

Predicting the future is risky business for a scientist. It is safe to say, however, that the global AIDS epidemic will get much worse before it gets any better. Sadly, this modem plague will be with us for several generations, despite major scientific advances.

As of January 2000, the AIDS epidemic had claimed 15 million lives and left 40 million people living with a viral infection that slowly but relentlessly erodes the immune system. Accounting for more than 3 million deaths in the past year alone, the AIDS virus has become the deadliest microbe in the world. In Africa nearly a dozen countries have a rate higher than 10%, including four southern African nations in which a quarter of the people are infected. This is like condemning 16,000 people each day to a slow and miserable death.

Fortunately, the AIDS story has not been all gloom and doom. Less than two years after AIDS was recognized, the guilty agent - human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV - was identified. We now "know more about HIV than about any other virus, and 14 AIDS drugs have been developed and licensed in the U.S. and Western Europe.

The epidemic continues to rage, however, in South America, Eastern Europe and sub-Saharan Africa. By the year 2025, AIDS will be by far the major killer of young Africans, decreasing life expectancy to as low as 40 years in some countries and single-handedly erasing the public health gains of the past 50 years.

It is Asia, with its huge population at risk, that will have the biggest impact on the global spread of AIDS. The magnitude of the incidence could range from 100 million to 1 billion, depending largely on what happens in India and China. Four million people have already become HIV-positive in India, and infection is likely to reach several percent in a population of I billion.

Half a million Chinese are now infected; the path of China's epidemic, however, is less certain. An explosive AIDS epidemic in the U.S. is unlikely. Instead, HIV infection will continue to plague in about 0.5% of the population. But the complexion of the epidemic will change. New HIV infections will occur predominantly in the underclass, with rates 10 times as high in minority groups. Nevertheless, American patients will live quality lives for decades, thanks to advances in medical research. Dozens of powerful and well-tolerated AIDS drugs will be developed, as will novel means to restore the immune system.

A cure for AIDS by the year 2025 is not inconceivable. But constrained by economic reality, these therapeutic advances will have only limited benefit outside the U.S. and Western Europe.

63. Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?

A. The Spread of HIV -- Will We Ever Cure AIDS?

B. The Worse Situation of AIDS -- Will AIDS Ruin the Human Race?

C. The Statistics of AIDS -- Will AIDS Spread around the World?

D. The Potential of HIV -- Will Asia Become the Core of AIDS?

64. The phrase "gloom and doom" (in paragraph 3 ) refers to the state of being _________.

A. obscure and sad

B. depressing and fatal

C. ruined and deadly

D. miserable and disappointing

65. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

A. In India, the infection rate almost reaches 12 percent of its population.

B. In China, about 50,000 people are infected with HIV.

C. AIDS epidemic had caused 15,000,000 deaths in the whole world by January 2000.

D. In the United States, HIV infection will go on to attack about 5% of the whole population.

研究生英语学位统考GET-Cloze-(2012-2015)

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北京中国科学院大学2013年考研光学真题

（北京）中国科学院大学2013年考研光学真题中国科学院大学 2013 年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学统一考试试题 科目名称：光学 考生须知： 1．本试卷满分为 150 分，全部考试时间总计 180 分钟。 2．所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或草稿纸上一律无效。 3．可使用无字典存储和编程功能的计算器。 1. 概念题(15 分，每小题 3 分) 1) 解释光的反射定律和光的折射定律 2) 解释光学系统的孔径光阑和视场光阑 3) 解释辐照度和辐亮度 4) 同一个物体，经针孔与平面镜所成的像有何不同？ 5) 在夜晚的江面上，为什么路灯生成的倒影是拉得很长的一条光带？

2. 置于空气中的平凸薄透镜，其光焦度为 2 ?1m ，折射率为 1.5，求薄透镜焦距和凸面的半径。（6 分） 3. 有一个焦距为 200mm 的胶片照相机，在速度为 18km/h 的列车上拍摄 10m远的物体，如果拍摄的方向垂直于列车前进方向，求能够拍摄到清晰照片时，允许的最长曝光时间是多少？（假定人眼的极限分辨角为 1 角分）(8 分) 4. 显微镜目镜焦距为 25mm，使用此显微镜分辨清楚相邻 0.00075mm 的两个点，求需要选择物镜的倍率是多少？（假定人眼的视角分辨率为 1 角分，即 0.0003弧度）（8 分） 5. 一架 10×的开卜勒望远镜，物镜焦距为 100mm，求望远镜目镜焦距？与观察无限远目标相比，当用此望远镜观察距离 500mm 处的目标时，需要的调焦距离是多少？假定该望远镜的物镜和目镜之间有足够的调焦可能，求此时仪器的实际视放大率等于多少。(13 分)

6. 今有一振动方向与入射面的法线成45度角的线偏振光以48 37′角入射到玻璃空气界面上，玻璃折射率为n=1.51。试确定反射光的偏振状态(光电场矢量末端轨迹、旋向)。 (12 分) 7. 一束振动方向垂直于入射面的线偏振激光和一束太阳光分别以60 角斜入射到折射率为n = 1.5的窗玻璃上，若不计玻璃内的多次反射和折射，求其透过率，并说明它们透过窗玻璃后的偏振状态将发生怎样的变化。 (14 分) 8. 今有一波长为λ = 5μm 的红外光垂直入射到两表面镀有折射率为n = 2.35 膜层的锗片( n = 4 )上，膜层的光学厚度为 1.25μm，若不计吸收损耗，试计算该光透过锗片后光能的损失为多少？ (10 分) 9. 在杨氏实验中，点光源为中心波长λ = 500nm 、线宽?λ = 10nm 的复色光源，试求观察屏上最多能看到多少级干涉条纹。 (12 分)

大学英语B级考试练习题

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中国科学院大学学生户口使用

中国科学院大学学生户口使用指南 国科大学生处户籍办公室编 2015年3月 一、基本信息 1、国科大学生集体户口基本信息 户口首页地址：北京市海淀区中关村南一条3号 户口登记机关：北京市公安局海淀分局中关村派出所 户口类型：非农业集体户口 2、中关村派出所基本信息 办公地点：北京市海淀区中关村南三街甲15号（中国科学院行政管理局西侧） 办公时间：9:00-12:00，14:00-17:00 咨询电话： 3、国科大学生处户籍管理办公室基本信息 业务范围：新生户口落户，毕业生户口迁出，在校生户口卡借用、复印件及开具户籍证明 办公地点：北京市海淀区中关村东路80号（保福寺桥南）青年公寓东平房131室 咨询电话：（周末不上班，节假日及寒暑假另行通知） 4、国科大教职工、博士后集体户口由户籍办管理 联系电话： 二、新生户口迁移指南 1、学生户口是否需要迁到学校？ 学生进入中国科学院大学就读，可自愿选择是否将户口迁入学校集体户口。户口迁移仅限入学或离校（毕业/退学）时办理，在校期间无法将户口迁入或迁出。 2、学生户口迁入学校有何作用？ 学生在校就读期间将个人户口迁入学校集体户口，便于就近办理出入境证件及签证、结婚生育手续、无犯罪证明、公证以及其他需要户口材料的手续。不迁入集体户口不影响毕业后的留京落户。 3、哪些新生的户口可以迁到学校？ 由中科院北京地区研究所录取的非定向研究生，可自愿选择将户口迁入学校； 录取类型为定向、委托或非脱产自筹培养研究生，不能办理户口迁移手续；

已持有北京市、上海市常住家庭户口或工作单位集体户口的新生，户口不迁入学校； 春季入学/转博的研究生，可于当年9月份随秋季新生一起办理户口迁入。 4、新生户口迁入地址 由京外地区持《户口迁移证》迁入的新生务必确保迁移地址准确，否则无法落户。 5、新生户口迁移材料具体要求 ①从京外地区迁入的新生，需上交《户口迁移证》。迁移证中“出生地”和“籍贯”两项信息必须具体到市或县，且婚姻状况不得为空。如有遗漏必须返回迁出地派出所更正（手写更正处需盖章确认）或提交相应证明材料。否则不予接收，无法落户。 ②来自北京各高校的新生，需上交《常住人口登记卡》。户口卡中“出生地”和“籍贯”两项信息必须具体到市或县，且婚姻状况不得为空。如有遗漏必须返回原派出所更正，否则不予接收，无法落户。 6、新生如何办理北京市身份证？ 根据北京市公安机关规定，持《户口迁移证》入校的京外新生，可在入学时同时办理北京市居民身份证。办理时需采集个人照片及指纹，并缴纳工本费20元/人。具体时间安排请留意相关通知。 采集身份证照片时，请穿着深色有领衣服，露出眉毛及耳朵，勿佩戴首饰、发饰，勿化浓妆。7、新生入学多久后可以使用户口？ 因涉及信息核查、材料制作、指标审批等手续，入学新生（含春季、秋季新生）的户口一般要到当年12月底方可使用，具体时间以相关通知为准。启用同时发放京外迁入新生的北京市身份证。 三、在校生户口使用指南 1、在校生如何借用户籍材料？ 在校生借用户口，需首先到所在研究所（院系）研究生主管老师处开具借用户口的介绍信，准确填写借用事由，经办人签字后分别在骑缝处及落款位置加盖公章。于工作时间持介绍信及本人学生证到学生处户籍管理办公室办理相关事宜。 2、在校生如何办理出入境证件？（详见附件1） （1）因私出入境证件包括：普通护照、《往来港澳通行证》、《大陆居民往来台湾地区通行证》； （2）户口已迁至学校的在校生办理因私出入境证件，可直接进入北京市公安局网站在线预约，并持身份证原件及近期二寸免冠白底彩色照片（不需户口）前往预约受理大厅办理即可； （3）户口未迁入学校集体的在校生也可在京办理出入境证件，需首先进入北京市公安局网站在线预申请，申请审核通过后网上预约，根据预约的时间，持①个人户口簿原件及复印件②居民身份证