What it takes to be a doctor

What It Takes to Be a Doctor

People often know at a young age that they want to become doctors. Perhaps they are naturally good at math and science. Maybe they have a desire to help people and to make a difference in people’s lives. Or, they may just want a job that is full of challenges. These are all very good reasons to consider a medical career. However, anyone who wants to become a doctor must understand how much work it takes to achieve that goal.

The road to becoming a doctor is a long and difficult one. In fact, doctors go through more education and training than almost any other type of professional. At the very minimum, it takes eleven years to become a doctor, and longer for highly specialized medical fields. Still, most doctors love their work and believe it was well worth the years of effort.

The First Four Years

Aspiring doctors spend the first four years of college earning their bachelor’s degrees. Many students major in what is known as “premed,” which has a curriculum that is heavy in science and math. Premed students study such things as physics, chemistry, and biology, and take other advanced mathematics and science courses. During this time students often volunteer or work part-time in hospitals, clinics, or doctor’s offices, so they can ga in knowledge and experience.

When premed students are in their third or fourth year of college, they apply

to medical school. There are nearly 150 medical schools in the United States, and acceptance to these schools is highly competitive. Students must achieve a high score on an examination called the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT). They must complete an essay to explain why they want to be a doctor. Many schools require letters of recommendation. Also, the grades the students have earned in college are an extremely important consideration. Medical students almost always have grade point averages of 3.5 or higher. Intensive Study

Once students are admitted into medical school, they spend the first two years on what is often called “heavy book learning.” They attend classes in anatomy, biochemistry, and physiology. They study pathology, medical ethics, and laws that govern medicine. They learn about the human body and how it works. They learn about disease and how the human immune system fights disease. They also study pharmacology, which is the science of medications.

During the second year, students begin to learn about basic medical tasks. This includes learning how to examine patients, how to take medical histories, and how to diagnosis certain illnesses.

Learning on the Job

The third year of medical school is when students do their clinical rotations, which means they work with doctors and other health care professionals. They observe and assist internists, surgeons, and pediatricians, as well as radiologists, neurologists, family practice doctors, and ER doctors. This gives students an opportunity to experience a wide variety of medical specialties. It also allows them to work with many different patients. As they gain knowledge about the different areas of medicine, most students make decisions about which field they like best.

Pediatrician Heather Burrows says that the clinical rotations are a wonderful chance for students to find out what being a doctor is really like. One of her most memorable experiences happened during her third year of medical school, when she was doing a rotation in OB/GYN. It was the middle of the night, and a woman was about to have a baby. Dr. Burrows describes the situation: “I was going to assist with the birth, and I was exhausted from working so many hours. All I wanted was for her to hurry up and get it over with so I could go to sleep. But then the baby was born… and it was the most amazing thing I’ve ever seen. All of a sudden, I was wide awake. I was so excited to be a part of this experience, helping to make this miracle happen.”2 Choosing a Specialty

Students continue their rotations during their fourth year of medical school, but they begin to take on more responsibility. Also, this is when they decide on their specialty. By their fourth year, they have had a chance to explore many different areas of medicine. They have seen real-life doctors in action, and they have worked alongside them. So the next step is to choose the medical field they want to pursue and graduate from medical school. Finally, they are officially doctors.

Doctors-in-Training

By the time students graduate, they have completed eight years of formal schooling. However, their education is far from finished. Their next step is the residency, which is usually performed in a hospital under the direction of experienced physicians. A residency is an intense, hands-on medical training

period that lasts for a minimum of three years. Some take much longer. For instance, residencies in anesthesiology and obstetrics take four years. An orthopedic surgery residency takes five years, and a plastic surgery residency takes six years. During this training period, residents are paid a salary for their work.

New doctors who are interested in a highly specialized field, such as neurosurgery, must perform residencies that last for six years or more. One example of this type of residency program is at Harborview Medical Center in Seattle. Dr. Richard Winn is the chief of neurosurgery, and he supervises the program. Each year, more than three hundred doctors apply—and only two are accepted. Plus, not only is the program hard to get into, it takes eight years to comple te. A sign on Dr. Winn’s office wall explains why his program is so difficult and why it takes such a long time. It reads, “If the training is tough, the war will be easy.” Harborview’s neurosurgical residency program has been called the best in the country.

Once doctors have completed their residencies, their formal medical training is finally complete. However, before they can practice medicine, they must get a license from the state in which they plan to work. When they are licensed, doctors may set up their own private practice or join a practice with other physicians. Or, they may go to work for hospitals, health departments, laboratories, or other medical organizations.

What Makes a Good Doctor

Doctors work hard—very hard. Anyone who has put in the time and effort it takes to earn a medical degree is well aware of that. However, there are also other qualities that doctors need. First, they need to care about people. This applies to all doctors, even those who specialize in research or radiology. They may not work directly with patients, but their work still revolves around helping people. Doctors also need to be excellent thinkers. They must be able to examine a sick patient and figure out what is wrong. Then, they must be able to decide the best way to treat the patient’s illness or injury.

A Special Kind of Person

Dr. Dana Gossett is an OB/GYN who became a doctor for several reasons. She wanted to help people and to have a positive impact on their lives. But she also loves the science that is involved in medicine. She enjoys knowing how the body works and why disease happens. Dr. Gossett shares her thoughts about some qualities that doctors need: “Attention to detail is critical—little things can mean life or death in medicine. The physician MUST be able to listen—the

patient frequently can tell you exactly what’s wrong, if you can listen. And the physician must be [understanding]. If you can’t place yourself in your patient’s shoes and understand how scared/happy/painful/etc. their situation is, you will not be able to help them as much, and they will not trust you as much.”3

It takes a special kind of person to be a doctor, and it is not the right career for everyone. However, for people with the right personal qualities—as well as the willingness to complete years of medical education and training—becoming a doctor is the best possible choice they could make.

(完整版)四年级英语小学英语语法及习题

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小学英语教师教学工作总结

英语教师工作总结 回顾这一学期的工作，本人积极投身于教育事业，服从学校领导分配的工作。本学年我担任本校三至六年级四个级段的英语教学工作，整学期教学任务较繁重，但教学工作开展还算得心应手，学生的英语水平有明显的提高，同时也取得了一定的成绩。 本学期的教学中，我课前认真备课，做到既备教材，又备学生，因材施教，努力实施课堂改革，积极探索小学英语快乐课堂，小学阶段英语教学的目的是：激发学生学习英语的兴趣，培养学生学习英语的积极性，使他们树立学习英语的自信心，同时培养学生一定的语感和良好的语音、语调基础，为进一步学习打下基础。在英语课堂教学中，怎样创设良好的学习氛围、激发学生的兴趣是搞好小学英语教学的重要一环。结合本学期教学实践总结教学情况如下： 一、政治思想方面： 我认真学习新的教育理论，及时更新教育理念，积极参加继续教育与校本培训。在学习的过程中自己也积累了不少经验，也了解到新的教育形式不允许我们在课堂上重复讲书，我们必须具有先进的教育观念，才能适应教育的发展。所以我不但注重集体的政治理论学习，还注意从书本中汲取营养，认真学习仔细体会新形势下怎样做一名好教师。 二、认真备课，以活动为载体，面向全体授课，师生共同发展。 教学中，备课是一个必不可少，十分重要的环节，备学生，又要备教法。备课不充分或者备得不好，会严重影响课堂气氛和积极性，曾有一位老同事说：“备课备不好，倒不如不上课，否则就是白费心机。”因此，每天我都花费大量的时间在备课之上，认认真真钻研教材和教法，不满意就不收工。虽然辛苦，但事实证明是值得的。学校方面，为了切实抓好课堂教学，本学期多次组织集体教师开展公开课

活动，教师利用定期的开课日，由学校统一安排时间。开课的这一天，所有教师都准时参加，而且校领导也参加这项活动，这些说明学校领导对英语这一学科的重视。上完课后，学校领导及各位教师共同评课，共同探讨如何上好英语课。每一次活动都能使各位教师学到新的东西，并激励着自己在平时的教学中认真实践，不断探索。 三、在课堂教学中：运用实物、磁带、教具、简笔画，情景教学、手势语言等方法来引导、启发、教育学生一方法。 学生以游戏、唱英语歌等方式提高了英语学习兴趣。学生大胆质疑，注重以学生为主体、教师为导的教学方法，充分调动学生的学习积极性。学生有疑难和不懂读的地方，我总是不厌其烦地讲解、分析、带读，力争让他们学了就懂，懂了会用。在课堂上，我首先让学生明白每课的句型结构，懂的它的规律，学会用学过的单词使用新句型对话。对话中照顾不同发展程度的学生，让每个学生都有练习的机会，增强学习的信心，提高对话的反应能力，每课讲授完后，要求学生必须读熟，会默写单词，会做基本的对话练习。让学生既要学习新知识，又要巩固旧知识，得到两面照顾，不得松懈。 在教学中遇到一些困难，有些学生已经厌恶英语学习，日益侵蚀，使教学有时无法进行。于是，在教学中注重培养学生的兴趣。尽量使用英语，适当利用母语。利用直观教具、动作、表情和玩游戏等方法吸引学生，让学生乐于学习。在教学中让学生明白、会用，反复练习句型和单词，提高水平，使学生从愉快的情景中学到知识，从而提高学生对英语学科的学习兴趣，提高了教学效果。 学习英语是循序渐进的，每个阶段都不能松懈。在教学过程中要注意培养、辅导中下等生，让他们能跟得上，打好基础为以后的学习能顺利通过。 四、在课后反思和批改作业方面。