现在分词课件习题答案及详解
1. It 's easy to blame the decline of conversation on the pace of modern life and on the vague changes ____ place in our ever-changing world. A. taking B. to take C. take D. taken
2. ________ While the sun, the satellite has sent more than four billion bits of
information back to earth.
A. having orbited
B. being orbited
C. having been orbited
D. orbiting
解析：答案选D.本题考查现在分词做状语。动词orbit和主语the satellite是主动关系，主动关系的话要选现在分词做状语，所以排除B和C;然后看A和D,A
是完成式，只有在主句是过去时的时候，状语中的非谓语动词才要用分词的完成式。
3. _______________________________________ Realizing that he hadn't enough money and ___________________ to borrow from his father, he decided to sell his watch.
A. not wanted
B. not to want
C. not wanting
D. wanting not
解析：and 前后连接的两个句子结构平行，所以realize 应该和want 一样使
用现在分词形式。而且分词的否定是在前面+not 所以选C。
4. ___________________________ The computer works very fast, data at the speed of light.
A. having handled
B. handling
C. handled
D. handles 解析：现在分词表示主动，且表示状态。
5. ______________________________ He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field. Then to his astonishment, he saw a rope ladder out and three men climbing.
A. throwing
B. being thrown
C. having thrown
D. having been thrown
解析：考察的是see sb doing吉构以及被动语态a rope ladder是被认出来的所以排除AC。因为绳梯被认出来与三个男人在攀爬时间几乎一致，因此选
B。
6. ______________ T he speech , a lively conversation started.
A. being delivered
B. was delivered
C. be delivered
D. having been delivered 解析：考察独立主格，演讲先吉束，
讨论才开始。因此用现在分词的完成被动式。句中没有并列连词，所以不能选B。
7. There ___ no thi ng more for discussi on, the meet ing came to an end half
an hour earlier.
A. to be
B. to have been
C. being
D. Be
答亲解析：辭析｝考吊语法岩构* There beiig nothing more rorOscussicwi为曲立主櫟評b表示馬因*
［［译丈］由于没有舷的示西可讨论，士议提前半小时茫朿了*
8. Time ____ , the celebrati on will be held as scheduled.
A. permit
B. permitti ng
C. permitted
D. Permits
解析：Time permitting独立结构作条件状语=lf time permits,把time 看做逻辑主语，用permitting表示主动。C表示被动，A, D是做谓语，根据主语的单复数定，同时还要有连词when ,if等
9. Agriculture is the country s chief source of wealth, wheat ____ b y far the biggest cereal crop.
A. is
B. been
C. be
D. Being
解析：因为前半句Agriculture is the country s chief source of wealth已经是个完整的句子，而后面又没有连词，所以不可能再出现动词，排除A和C,而B没有这种用法，正确的独立主格表示完成时的结构应该是having been 所以B错。
Exercise
1. He wasn't asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, ______ insufficiently popular with all members.
A. being considered
B. considering
C. to be considered
D. having considered 解析：现在分词作状语，此句用的是被动形式。现在分词在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的原因，结果，时间，方式，条件等。此句是表原因。
2. The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports, each
one major point in contrast with the other.
A. makes
B. made
C. is to make
D. making 解析：因为一个英文句子中只能有一个谓语，所以只能选择答案中不是谓语的，故排除A, C。叙述的观点是相反的，修饰成分descriptions of two news reports与被修饰成分each o n emajor point in con trast with the other 之间的关系是主动
的，所以用表示主动关系的ING 形式，不用表示过去、完成的made。
3. All flights ___ because of the storm, they decided to take the train.
A. having canceled
B. having been canceled
C. were canceled
D. have been canceled 解析：考察独立主格，一个句子只
能有一个谓语动词，因此逗号前面要用分词作非谓语。排除C\D 。又因为关系是被动因此选B。
4. How many of us ____ , say, a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested in the discussion?
A. attended
B. attending
C. to attend
D. have attended 解析：参加一个对我们不重要的会议，有多少人会对它感兴趣呢？这里选attending是因为“attending a meeting that is not important to Us这整句话作“ us”的定语，而A attened表示一个动作，不能作定语，C 和D 分别表示将要和完成，都是作谓语，语法上不通，且句意上也不顺，更不能选了。
5.If an earthquake occurred, some of the one-story houses _______ .
A. might be standing left
B. might be left standing
C. might leave to be standing
D. might be left to stand
解析：might be left 是主句中被动语态的谓语动词部分，而现在分词
的standing作了主语one-storey houses的主语补足语，表示主动和进
行的意义
此文档部分内容来源于网络，如有侵权请告知删除，
文档可自行编辑修改内容，
供参考，感谢您的配合和支持）
现在分词 Form: ?doing ?having done（先后关系） 现在分词表示主动含义或动作正在进行。 Exercise: 划出句中的现在分词，并指出它在句中做何成分。 1. The three contestants were sitting at their desks on the stage, waiting. 2. Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 3. Having finished his homework, he went out. 4. People living in the cities used to regard farming as boring and backward. 5. The changes in Sunqiao is very amazing. 现在分词做定语： Exercise: Combine each pair of sentences 1. The men are required to come to the headmaster’s office. They had some overseas working experience. 2. The people take part in a variety of exercise They can keep healthy. 3. The research at Sunqiao produces seeds. The seeds help farmers grow better crops. 4. People used to regard farming as boring and backward. These people live in cities. 5.Do you know the boy? He is standing under the tree. 6. The spiders store the mice for later. The mice serve as a source of food. Exercise: compare The swimming pool is clean and big. The swimming boy is his brother. The big writing desk is very expensive. The writing student is Tom’s classmate. 现在分词作状语：时间，条件，伴随方式，原因，结果 Exercise: rewrite the sentences 1. Kitty heard the news. She jumped with joy. 2. Tom put on his swim-suit. He dived into the swimming pool. 3. While she was cooking, she burned her right hand. 4. After he had finished his homework, he went out to play football. 以上改写后的三个句子中的现在分词短语做______状语。 现在分词作状语：相当于状语从句，但从句和主句的____语必须一致. 时间状语： 1. Working in the factory, he learned a lot from the workers.(分词一般式） 2. Having read the letter, she got very excited（完成式） 3. ________hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. 4. = as soon as _________________________________________. 5. Be careful when crossing the street. 条件状语： 1.If you walk hard, you will succeed. 2. = _______________________________ 伴随方式状语 1. She came _______(run) towards me. 2. The children ran out of the room, __________(laugh) and _______(talk) merrily. 3. ____________(travel) by jeep, we visited a number of cities. 4. ____________(follow) the guide, they started to climb. 5. _____________(follow) by the students, the teacher entered the office. 原因状语 1. Because I was sick, I stayed at home.
II 现在分词作定语或状语 1. The ______ boy was last seen ______ near the bank of the lake. A.missing; playing B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to play 2. Mr Smith, ______ of the ______ speech, started to read a novel. A.tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring 3. Don’t leave the water _______ while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 4. John’s bad habit is ______ without thorough understanding. A. read B. being read C. to be read D. reading 5. Tell Mary that there’s someone ______ for her at the door. A. waiting B. waited C. waits D. to wait 6. The ______ waiter came up to us and said, “You are welcome.” A. smiling B. smiled C. smile D. to smile 7. Do you know the boy______ under the big tree? A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying 8. I can hardly imagine Peter _______ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed 9. There are lots of places of interest _______ in our city. A. needs repairing B. needing repaired C. needed repairing D. needing to be repaired 10. The drunken husband knocked against the table and sent the bowls _______ in all directions before he was sent _______ by his wife. A. flying; to sleep B. flying; sleeping C. to fly; to sleeping D. to fly; to sleep 11. When we got back from the cinema, we found the lamp _______ but the door _______. A. being on; shut B. burning; shutting C. burning; shut D. on; shutting 12. When we got back from the cinema, we found the lamp _______ but the door _______. A. being on; shut B. burning; shutting C. burning; shut D. on; shutting 13. The woman found it no good ______ her daughter too much money. A. giving B. being given C. given D. gave 14. As the stone was too heavy to move, I left it ______ on the ground. A. laying B. lay C. lying D. lain 15. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not ______, and asked myself what I was going to do. (湖南07) A. moved B. moving C. to move D. being moved 16. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ______ in the natural light during the day. (天津2007) A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let 17. ______that she didn’t do a good job, I don’t think I am abler than her. (陕西2007) A. To have said B. Having said C. To say D. Saying 18 Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always ______ the same thing. (江苏2006) A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said 19. Don’t sit there ______ nothing. Come and help me with this table. (湖北2006) A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing 20. When ______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.(浙江2006) A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared 21. While watching television, ______. (2005全国卷III) A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings 22. ______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.(北京2004) A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited
所谓“定语”，就是能起到修饰、限定、解释说明作用的语言，例如，形容词是定语，定语从句也是定语。由于一些分词或分词短语置于被修饰对象的后面，所以称作“后置定语”。 现在分词和过去分词都可以做后置定语。 （1）被修饰的名词与作定语的动词为主动关系，表示该动作正在进行或与主句动作同时发生，或是经常发生的行为时，用现在分词做定语。例如： The girl standing there is my sister. 站在那里的女孩是我姐姐。 The people waiting for the bus are talking with each other. 正在等公车的人们在相互交谈。 注意；分词短语作后置定语时可以改写成定语从句。 The girl who is standing there is my sister. The people who are waiting for the bus are talking with each other. （2）如果名词与作定语的动词为被动关系时，则定语有下列三种形式： a. 如果动作已发生或经常的行为，用done。 例如：The house built there is mine. 建在那儿的房子是我的。转为定语从句：The house which was built there is mine.
b. 如果动作正在进行，用being done。 例如：The house being built there is mine.正在那儿建造的房子是我的。 转为定语从句：The house which is being built there is mine. c. 如果动作未发生，用to be done。 例如：The house to be built there is mine.将要在那儿建起来的房子是我的。 转为定语从句：The house which is to be built there is mine.
英语时态八种基本时态讲解及练习 一．概念：英语中表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，需用不同的动词形式表示，这种不同的动词形式称为时态。 二．种类：（基本时态） 一般现在时一般过去时 现在进行时过去进行时 一般将来时过去将来时 现在完成时过去完成时 三．用法： 1）一般现在时表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态及客观现实和普遍真理。 一般现在时常以动词原形表示，但当主语是第三人称单数时，动词词尾加-s或-es。2）句型结构：主语＋Ｖ.（包括be动词）＋宾语＋… She is an engineer. He has breakfast at 6:00every day. 3）注意： a)一般现在时通常与always , often , usually , every day , sometimes , once a week等时间状 语连用。 I always watch TV at 8: 00 in the evening . They go home once a week . We usually do our homework at home . b)表客观现实或普遍真理。 The sun always rises in the east . The light travels faster than the sound . c)表永远性的动作或状态。 He lives in the country .
4）第三人称单数变化形式。 a)一般情况动词在词尾加-s . come---comes speak---speaks work---works live---lives b)以o, s, x, ch, sh结尾的单词在词后加-es. do---does go---goes finish---finishes brush---brushes fix---fixes pass---passes watch---watches c)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的单词变y为i加-es. Study---studies carry-carries cry---cries d)以“元音字母＋y”结尾的单词直接加-s. play---plays stay---stays 例句：我们每天晚上九点做作业。 我在早上七点半起床。 他每天七点去上班。 我们经常下午打篮球。 他喜欢音乐。 地球围绕太阳转。 火车六点出发。 5）否定句和疑问句。 a)-----He is an engineer. -----He isn’t an engineer. -----Is he an engineer? -----Yes, he is ./ No, he isn’t. b)----We get up at 7:30 in the morning . -----We don’t get up at 7:30 in the morning . -----Do you get up at 7:30 in the morning ?
1.我有一块中国制造的手表。（分别用分词与定语从句造句） I have a watch made in China. I have a watch which was made in China. 2.我正在读一本莫言著的书。（分别用分词与定语从句造句） I was reading a book written by Moyan. I was reading a book which was written by Moyan. 3.中国已经制造出使用磁悬浮技术的高速列车。（分别用分词与定语从句造句）China has made a high-speed train using magnetic levitation. China has made a high-speed train which uses magnetic levitation. 4.这是一种生活在海洋里的昆虫。（分别用分词与定语从句造句） This is an insect living in the ocean. This is an insect which lives in the ocean. 5.从山上看，我们能看到青岛漂亮的风景。（现在分词作状语）
Seeing from the mountain, we can see the beautiful scenery in Qingdao. 6.孩子们高兴地笑着说着，跑出教室。（现在分词作状语） The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily. 7.从浮山上看，青岛很漂亮。（过在分词作状语） Seen from the Mount Fu, Qingdao is very beautiful. 8.由于写的匆忙，这篇文章并不是很好。（过在分词作状语） Written in a hurry, the article was not so good.
分词作后置定语 所谓“定语”，就是能起到修饰、限定、解释说明作用的语言，例如，形容词是定语，定语从句也是定语。由于一些分词或分词短语置于被修饰对象的后面，所以称作“后置定语”。 现在分词和过去分词都可以做后置定语。 （1）被修饰的名词与作定语的动词为主动关系，表示该动作正在进行或与主句动作同时发生，或是经常发生的行为时，用现在分词做定语。例如： The girl standing there is my sister. 站在那里的女孩是我姐姐。The people waiting for the bus are talking with each other. 正在等公车的人们在相互交谈。 注意；分词短语作后置定语时可以改写成定语从句。 The girl who is standing there is my sister. ~ The people who are waiting for the bus are talking with each other.（2）如果名词与作定语的动词为被动关系时，则定语有下列三种形式： a. 如果动作已发生或经常的行为，用done。 例如：The house built there is mine. 建在那儿的房子是我的。 转为定语从句：The house which was built there is mine. b. 如果动作正在进行，用being done。
例如：The house being built there is mine.正在那儿建造的房子是我的。 转为定语从句：The house which is being built there is mine. c. 如果动作未发生，用to be done。 例如：The house to be built there is mine.将要在那儿建起来的房子是我的。 % 转为定语从句：The house which is to be built there is mine.
现在分词专项训练 1.The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ________ the desert. A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cove 2.The flowers________sweet in the botanical garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 3. Will those________the children from abroad come to the headmaster ’s office? A. teaching B. teach C. who teaches D. who teaching 4. There are hundreds of visitors________in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Gogh ’s paintings. A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait 5.________the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. A. The president will attend B. The president to attend C. The president attended D. The president ’s attending 6. —Why did you go back to the shop? —I left my friend ________ there. A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. waits 7. Don ’t leave the water ________wlehiyou brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 8. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found________in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked 9. I found the game ________, and my dad explained for the rules. A. excited B.to excite C. excite D. exciting 10. When________different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared 11. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, ________advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken 12. Daddy didn ’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, ________fun. A. had B. have C. to have D. having 13. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, ________a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4. A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching 14. He glanced over at her, ________that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted 15. Having been attacked by terrorists,______. A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed C. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists 16. Alice returned from the manager ’s office, ________me t h a w t t a h n e t e b d o s t o s s e e me at once. A. having told B. tells C. to tell D. telling 17. “We can’t go out in this weather, ”said Bob, ________out of the window. A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked 1.答案是A 。a soft orange blanket 与cover 存在主谓关系，因此要用现在分词作谓语，它相当于定语从句which
现在分词(V-ing)作定语和状语 课前预习案 学习建议：根据所列例句，理解并尝试总结现在分词在句子中的用法。 动词--ing形式作定语和状语 I.ing 形式作定语 1. 现在分词作前置定语时，在逻辑上与所修饰的名词之间为主谓关系，也可改成定语从句；如果与所修饰的名词之间没有主谓关系，定语相当于一个介词for 引导的短语。现在分词位于所修饰的名词之后做后置定语，与所修饰的名词之间呈逻辑上的主谓关系，相当于一个定语从句。如：a listening child= a child who is listening, a walking stick= a stick for walking. 2. 现在分词作定语往往表示“令人……”，主动的或正在进行的动作。如：a moving film, a developing country. II. ing 形式作状语 动词-ing形式在句子中做状语，表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，与谓语动词表示的动作或状态是同时或者几乎同时发生的，经常可以做时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、目的、让步状语从句。句子的主语必须是状语的逻辑主语；而且主语与作状语的分词之间呈逻辑上的主谓关系。 1.原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。 1).Being ill, she didn’t go to school today. 因为生病，她今天没上学去。 2). Seeing no one at home, I decided to come again. 看见没有人在家，我决定再来一趟。 2. 时间状语，相当于when, while等引导的从句。 1).Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy. 当听到这个好消息时，他高兴地跳了起来。 2).Walking in the street, I saw a friend of mine.
现在分词作定语的前置与后置用法 一、现在分词作定语的前置 在通常情况下，单个的现在分词作定语时，应位于被修饰的名词之前，主要有以下用法： 1. 说有动作正在进行。如： a flying object 飞行中的物体 a buring building 正在燃烧的大楼 There’s a growing need for computers. 对电脑的需求日益增长。 2. 说明被修饰名词的性质或特征等。如： What a boring book! 多没意思的书啊！ He gave me a warning cough. 他以咳嗽警告我。 His liver was in a shocking state. 他肝的状况糟透了。 She is a charming child. 她是一个招人爱的孩子。 Ivy has a climbing habit. 常春藤有攀缘向上的习性。 This is a very charming village. 这是一座迷人的村庄。 This is a pressing question. 这是一个紧迫的问题。 It was a pressing meeting and all members had to attend. 这是一次紧急会议，所有成员都得参加。 A man without a smiling face must not open a shop. 人无笑脸，不要开店。 He’s a shining example of a hard-working pupil. 他是用功学生的优秀榜样。 She is a walking [living] dictionary in her field. 她在自己的业务范围内是一部活词典。 但是，有时也可见到单个的现在分词用作后置定语，但主要见于有较强的动作意义的情形时(接近一个定语从句时)。如： Oh, it’s the cake burning. 噢，糕点烤焦了。
现在分词专项练习题 I .单项选择 1. ____ the house on fire, he dialed 119. A. To see B. Seeing C. Having seen D. Being seen 2. ___a post office, I stopped____ some stamps. A. Passed, buying B. Passing, to buy C. Having passed, buy D. Pass, to buy 3. ____a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp. A. To save B. Saving C. Saved D. Having saved 4. The result of the test was rather _____. A. disappointed B. disappointing C. being disappointed D. disappoint 5. _____how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help. A. Not to know B. Not knowing C. Knowing not D. Not known 6. ____the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building. A. Having shown B. Showing C. Has shown D. Having been shown 7. He went from door to door, ____waste papers and magazines. A. gathering B. gathered C. gather D. being gathered 8. The student corrected his paper car efully, ____the professor’s suggestions. A. follow B. following C. followed D. being followed 9. People ____in the city do not know the pleasure of country life. A. live B. to live C. lived D. living 10. A person _____a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language, ______all about his own. A. to learn, to forget B. learning, to forget C. to learn, forgetting D. learning, forgetting 11. ___different kinds of pianos, the worker’s farther improved their quality. A. To produce B. Being produced C. Produced D. Having produced 12. ___many times, he still couldn’t understand. A. Having been told B. Having told C. He having been told D. Telling 13. China is one of the largest countries in the world, _____9. 6 million square kilometres. A. to cover B. covered C. covers D. covering 14. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,____ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added 15. _____ the composition, John handed it to the teacher and went out of the room. A. Writing B. Having written C. Written D. Being written 16. He walked down the hills, ____softly to himself. A. sing B. singing C. sung D. to sing 17. When I came in, I saw Dr. Li _____a patient. A. examine B. examining C. to examine D. examined 18. ____a satisfactory operation, the patient recovered from illness very quickly. A. Having been given B. Having given C. Giving D. Being given 19. The next morning she found the man ______ in bed , dead .A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying 20 . _______ a reply , he decided to write again . A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received II.用动词正确形式填空 1.______ more attention, the trees could have grown better.(give) 2.The missing boys were last seen ______ near the river. (play)
现在分词专项练习 1 一般情况下，直接在动词后加－ing work --working sleep --sleeping study -- studying 2 动词以不发音的－e结尾，要去－e加－ing take --- taking make --- making write-- writing have-- having 3 要双写词尾字母，再加－ing swim---swimming run—running shop-- shopping skip --skipping 以下情况用现在分词： 一、在like +动词-ing形式（现在分词）如：I like swimming。 二、在一些固定词组如：go swimming/ shopping/ skipping 三、现在进行时态 现在进行时态表示现在正在进行或发生的动作， 一、结构是：主语+ be+动词-ing形式（现在分词）+其他（时间状语）。1．动词be（am/is/are）要根据主语人称进行变化。 2．时间状语语有now, at this time I’m listening to music now. He’s reading a book. They’re taking pictures. 四、一般将将来时中be going to的going。 动词的现在分词练习题 一、写出下列动词的现在分词 1．write 2.take 3. have 4.swim 5..shop 6..run 7..skip 8.do 9.talk
10.play 11.listen 12.read 13.watch 14.row 15.drink 16.jump 17.go 二、选择题。 ( )1.I like _______ . A. swimming B. swims C. swim ( )2.. I don't like _____bikes . A. riding B. ride C. rides ( )3.We go ____ in winter . A. skip B. skipping C. skips ( )4. --what do you do at the weekend? —I go_____. A.skating B. skat C.skats ( )5. What are you _____to have a Sports day. A. going B. goes C. go ( )6.--Where are you going?--I am _____ to run in the park. A. going B. goes C. go ( )7. My sister TV now. A. watchesB. watching C. is watching ( )8.-- What are you ___? -- I’m listening to music. A. doing B. does C. do ( )9. -- What’s he doing?--He’s a book. A. reads B. reading C. read ( )10-- What are they doing?--They’re chess. A. play B. plays C. playing ( )11.-- What’s she doing? --She’s a letter.A.writeB.writesC. writing ( )12. You’re running and I’m , too. A. doing B. run C. running ( )13.You are swimm ing and I’m football. A.play B. doing C. playing ( )14.--Are you sad? --Yes, I am. A. feel B. feels C. feeling
高考英语语法详解：现在分词作状语和过去分词作状语的区别 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) (3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 (1)不定式作表语 1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． (2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 (注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected．