高级口译阅读教程第四版词汇汇总-400词

LESSON 1

Reading A

backwater[b?kw?:t?] n.穷乡僻壤a place or situation regarded asisolated,stagnant,or backward

注 stagnant adj.不景气的，停滞不前的

benediction[?beniˋdik??n] n.an expression of good wishes 祝福

borough[b?r?] n. any of the five administrative areas of New York City(纽约市的五个）行政区（之一）

纽约市共有五个行政区：曼哈顿（Manhattan) 布鲁克林（Brooklyn) 昆斯（Queens) 布朗克斯（Bronx) 和理士满（Richmon,即史坦登岛—Staten Island)

catch[k?t?]n.(infml) a tricky or previously unsuspected condition

or drawback 缺陷欺诈

exacerbate[ig'z?s?beit] v. to make worse,aggravate 使恶化，使加重

finesse[fi'nes]n.skillful,subtle handling of a situation 手段,手腕

gelato[d??'la:t??]n.an Italian ice cream 意式冰淇淋，以鲜牛奶为原料，配以各种水果，是意大利冰淇淋最为传统的一款

hip[hip] a. very fashionable or stylish 时髦的，新潮的

homicide['homisaid] n. the killing of one person by another 杀人，他杀

matinee['m?tinei]n. an entertainment, such as a dramatic or musical performance,given in the daytime,usually in the afternoon 日场，日戏

megalopolis[,m?g?'lɑp?l?s] n.a region made up of several large cities and their surroudings areas in close proximity to be considered a single urban complex 特大型城市

metropolitan

adj大都会的; 大城市的; 宗主国的; 大主教教区的

n 大城市人; 大主教; 宗主国的公民; 有大城市气派的人metropolis 大都市，大都会; 首府，首都; 大主教区; 大城市salutary['s?lj?'t?ri] a. have a good effect 有益的

beneficial有利的，有益的; [法]可享受利益的

skulk [sk?lk] v.(derog=derogatory贬低) to hide or move around as if one is ashamed or trying to hide, often through fear or for some bad purpose 躲藏,躲躲闪闪; 鬼鬼祟祟stickball['st?kb?:l] n.a form of a baseball played with a rubber ball and a stick, such as one made from the handle of a broom, for a bat 棍球

stoop-sitting [stu?p] n.sitting on the front steps in the

evening,chatting with neighbors(邻里间）茶余饭后的闲聊

sweatshop['swet??p]n.a factory or plant where workers are employed for long hours and low pay, and are often in bad conditions 血汗工厂

LESSON 1

Reading B

accentuate [?k's?nt?uet] v. to direct attention to; to emphasize 使突出，强调，着重指出

begrudge[b?'ɡr?d?]v. to give or allow sth.unwillingly, esp. because it is unwanted or undeserved 吝啬，舍不得给；不愿；妒忌grudge

n不满; 怨恨; 恶意; 妒忌

vt怀恨; 妒忌; 吝惜; 不情愿做

bolster['b??lst?]v.to support,strengthen,or increase 支持；增强；鼓励；增加

botch [b?t?] v.to do (sth.)badly,esp.to repair sth.badly through carelessness or lack of skill 把......做的拙劣

commentariat['k?m?nt?ri?t]n.(blending of commentary and proletariat) a member of the news media as a class

新闻媒介阶层的成员

Commentary

n解说词; 评论，评注; 注释，注解; 个人生平传记

commentator

（电台的）时事评论员，实况广播报导员; 注解者，注释者; 评论员，解说员; 主持[解释]宗教仪式的非教士

consumerist[k?n'sju?m?r?st]n./a.(a person)advocating or involved in the protection of consumers' interests 保护消费者利益运动的活动家；保护消费者利益运动的

counterweight['ka?nt?we?t]n. an equivalent [?'kw?v(?)l(?)nt] 等价的/相等的weight or force 平衡重，平衡锤

doomsayer['du?mse??] n.a person who predicts disaster 凶事预示者，预言灾难者

dysfunctional [d?s?f??k??nl] a. of impaired or abnormal functioning 出现机能障碍的，机能不良的

entitlement[?n'ta?tlm?nt] n.the fact of being entitled or

qualified;sth. to which a person is entitled 津贴，补贴；应得的权利

exceptionalism [?k'sep??n?l?z?m]n. the belief that a certain thing constitutes an exception in relation to others of its kind 例外论exhort [ iɡ'z?:t ]v.to urge or advise strongly 规劝，告诫；激励

fret [fret]v.to (cause to) be continually worried or dissatisfied about small or unnecessary things (使）焦虑，（使）烦恼

latch[l?t?]v. to fasten['fɑ?s(?)n] or to be able to be fastened with a simple fastening 用锁锁上，闩上

latch onto to gain an understanding of 理解接受

In the dancing party,a young girl latched onto the millionaire.

在舞会上，一个姑娘主动和那个百万富翁攀谈起来

litigate ['l?t?ge?t]v.to take a noncriminal matter to a court of law for a decision 提出诉讼打官司

While clear restrictions remain, Chinese citizens can now vent online, protest in public, appeal to government for redress, and litigate in court.

但限制依然明显，中国公民现在能在网上发泄自己的不满，在公共场合进行抗议，为了赔偿而诉诸政府，在法庭里提出诉讼

overwrought[,ov?'r?t]a.too nervous and excited at the moment,esp. because of anxiety(尤指因焦虑而）过分紧张的，过度兴奋的

postmortemize [,post'm?:t?ma?z]v.to examine a body after death,esp.in order to determine the cause of death 对......验尸mortem事后剖析

profligacy [ 'pr?fliɡ?si ]n. the quality or state of being wildly extravagant[?k'str?v?g?nt] 肆意挥霍，极度浪费

profligate adj

extravagant adj. 奢侈的；浪费的；过度的；放纵的

prowess['pra??s]n.great ability,skill, or bravery 杰出的才能，本领，英勇

roil [r??l] v. to make (liquid) turbid 混浊的or muddy by disturbing the sediment（沉淀物); to disturb;to disorder 搅浑，使混浊；使混乱

sclerotic [skl?'rɑt?k] a. hardening or thickening of any tissue or structure,esp. of the circulatory or nervous system 硬化的

showdown ['???da?n]n.a settlement of a quarral or matter of disagreement in an open direct way 摊牌，一决胜负

top-grossing [gr??s??]a.gaining the greatest profit or earning the largest amount 获利最多的

underscore [?nd?'sk??] v. to underline; to give force to; to emphasize 强调，使突出

accentuate

vaunt [v??nt]v. to praise (sth.)too much; to boast about 吹嘘，自夸，夸耀

vigilance ['v?d??l?ns] n.watchful care;continual attentiveness 警惕，警戒

LESSON 2

Reading A

arse [ɑ:s] n.buttocks [b?t?ks] ;bottom屁股臀部

cack-handed ['k?k'h?ndid] a.awkward and unskilled;clumsy ['kl?mz?] 笨手笨脚的

chuck [t??k] v.to throw (sth.),esp.with a short movement of the arms 抛，仍

collate[k?'leit]v.to examine and compare (copied of

books,notes,etc.)carefully in order to find the differences between them 校勘，核对，对照

crackhead['kr?khed]n.a fool;a stupid person 傻子

deterrence [d?'ter?ns]n.the act of hindering or preventing 威慑；阻碍，阻遏

detox ['di?t?ks]a detoxification center 戒瘾诊所

fiddle['f?d(?)l]v.to swindle欺诈;to falsify; to gain dishonestly 伪造；欺骗；骗取

hard-assed[hɑ?d'?st]a.ferocious [f?'r????s];tough;despotic

[d?'sp?t?k] 凶悍的，强横的

incarceration [?n,kɑ?s?'re??(?)n]n.imprisonment 监禁，囚禁

lactic acid ['l?kt?k '?s?d]colourless hygroscopic

[ha?gr?(?)'sk?p?k] organic acid present in sour milk乳酸

lofexidine[l ??'feksida?n] n.洛非西定，一种解毒药

methadone ['meθ?d??n] n.a powerful synthetic [s?n'θet?k]合成的analgesic [,?n(?)l'd?i?z?k]镇痛剂used as a substitute drug in the treatment of morphine and heroin addiction 美沙酮，一种镇痛药

mire ['ma??] v. to plunge and fix in deep mud (使）陷入泥潭；（使）陷入困境

nitrazepam[nai'treizip?m] n.a short-acting hypnotic drug of the benzodiazepine group,used to treat insomnia 硝基安定片

pom-pom n.the repetitive beat of a simple popular tune节奏单挑重复的流行曲调

populism ['pɑpj?l?z?m]n.a political ideology that claims to represent ordinary people 平民主义

relapse [r?'l?ps]n.the state of falling back into a bad state of health or way of life after an improvement;return(健康）再度恶化，复发

scouser ['skaus?]n.a native of liverpool[英]利物浦人

skunk [sk??k]n. a worthless thing;an extremely potent variety of marijuana无用之物;一种毒品

stash [st??] v. to store secretly; to hide 隐藏，藏匿

valium ['veili?m]n. a drug for making people feel calmer,less anxious,etc.“安定”，药名，一种镇静剂

wank [w??k]v. to masturbate ['m?st?be?t] 手淫

Reading B

altar ['??lt?] n.a table or raised level surface used in a religious ceremony祭坛，（基督教堂内的）圣餐台

barometer [b?'r?m?t?]n. an instrument for measuring the air pressure in order to judge probable changes in the weather or to calculate height above sea level 气压计，晴雨表

confirmation [k?nf?'me??(?)n] n. a religious service in which a person is made a full member of the Christian church 坚信礼，坚振礼

creep [kri?p]n.slow or upward movement潜动，蠕动，缓慢上升de-development [,di:d?'vel?pm(?)nt]n.removal or reversal of development; negation of development否定发展，取消发展devolve [d?'v?lv]v.(of power,work,etc.)to be passed to ( a person or group at a lower level)移交，转移给下级

heck[hek] int. used to show annoyance [?'n???ns]烦恼,give force to an expression,etc.哎

implosion [?m'pl????n] n.inward explosion 内爆，向心聚爆

meritocratic [,merit?'kr?tik] a. relying on the social system which gives the highest positions to those with the most ability依靠精英管理（制度）的，精英统治的

marshal['mɑ??(?)l]v. to lead or to show sb. ceremonially to the correct place;(fig) to lead; to guide 引领；领导，统率

oligarchic [,ɑl?'gɑrk?k] https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e93922474.html,erning by a small group of

people,often for their own interests寡头政治的，寡头统治的

procure [pr?'kj??] v. to obtain, esp. by effort or careful attention 获得，取得，弄到

remuneration [r?,mju?n?'re??(?)n]n.payment for work or trouble 报酬，补偿

repository [r?'p?z?t(?)r?] n.a place where things are stored;(fig.) lots of, a large number of 贮藏室，仓库；多，许多

vicious circle ['v???s 's??k(?)l] a set of events in which cause and effect follow each other until this results in a return to the first usu.undesirable or unpleasant position and the whole matter begins again 恶性循环

windfall ['w?n(d)f??l]n. a piece of fruit that has fallen off a tree; an unexpected lucky gift or gain, esp.money 被风吹落的果实；意外的收获，横财

yore [j??] n. time long past 昔日，往昔

LESSON 3

Reading A

bonanza [b??'n?nz?]n.sth.very profitable 致富之源，获利之道

clobber['kl?b?]v. to defeat completely; to strick or attack severely and repeatedly击败；狠揍，猛打

emissary['em?s(?)r?] n. a person who is sent with an official message or to do special work特使，密使

insolvency[?n's?lv(?)ns?] n.the state of not having enough money to pay debts 无清偿（债务）能力

judicious[d?u:'d???s] a.having or showing the ability to form sensible opinions or make sensible decisions; prudent 明智的，审慎的

overhaul[??v?'h??l]v. to examine thoroughly and perhaps repair if necessary 彻底检查，检修

unconscionable[?n'k?n?(?)n?b(?)l] a. unreasonable in degree or amount 过度的，过分而说不过去的，无节制的

vestige['vest?d?] n.a sign.mark,track or other proof that sb. or sth. formally existed or was present 痕迹，残余

whim[w?m] n.a caprice [k?'pri?s];changeableness; change without reason 变化无常

Reading B

amass [?'m?s]v. to collect(money,goods,etc.) in great amount 积聚

disincentive [d?s?n'sent?v] n. a thing that discourages an action or effort 阻碍行动或发展的事物

emulate ['emj?le?t] v.to try to do as well as or better than sb.赶超某人，与某人竞争

entrench [?n'trent?] v. to establish（sb./sth.)very firmly 牢固地确立（某人/某事）

indigenous [?n'd?d??n?s] a. belonging naturally （to a place)本地的；土产的

irreconcilable [?,rek?n'sa?l?bl] a. which cannot be settled or brought into agreement together or with sth.else 不可调和的，不相容的

sumptuous ['s?m(p)tj??s] a. expensive and grand 豪华的，奢侈的LESSON 4

Reading A

amygdala [?'m?gd?l?] n.a lobe [l??b] of the cerebellum

[,ser?'bel?m]小脑叶, one of the palatal ['p?l?t(?)l]上颚的 tonsils ['tɑnsl] 扁桃核，扁桃体

coed [,k??'ed]a.（=coeducational [,ko?d??'ke??nl]) of the system of educating boys and girls together in the same buildings and classes 男女同校(接收教育）的

corpus callosum ['k??p?s k?:'l?us?m] the great band of commissural [k?'m???r?l] 连合的fibres纤维uniting the cerebral [s?'ribr?l]大脑的 hemispheres ['hem?sf??]半球in man and in the higher mammals ['m?ml] 哺乳类动物

cue [kju?] v.to give a sign or hint to 发出信号或暗示

lapland ['l?pl?nd] n. the region in some of the north European countries where the lapps have lived 拉普兰（欧洲的挪威，瑞典，芬兰和俄罗斯各国北部拉普人居住的地方）

nag [n?g] to cause to suffer continuous worry or discomfort 困扰，烦扰

provocation [,pr?v?'ke??(?)n] n.act of evoking [?'v??k] (fellings,desires,etc.);stimulation 激怒，激起，刺激

retina ['ret?n?] n. the sensitive layer of the eyes 视网膜

spout [spa?t] v. to pour out in a stream of words (说话）喋喋不休，滔滔不绝

tantalize ['t?nt?la?z] v. to make sb.want sth. even more strongly by keeping it just out of reach 撩人，逗人，逗弄

tweak [twi?k] v. to twitch; to pull; to pull with sudden jerks 拧，扭LESSON 4

Reading B

ace [e?s] v. (slang) to achieve the top grade in ( an examination etc.) 成绩为A, 成绩优秀

brawler ['br?:l?] n. one who makes a noisy quarrel or fights 争吵者，打架者

commiserate [k?'m?z?ret] v.to feel or express sympathy 感到或

表示同情

feral ['f??r?l] adj savage 凶残的

fisticuffs ['f?st?k?fs] n. pl.fighting with the fists 斗殴

fragging ['fr?ɡi?] n. attacking or killing ( with a hand grenade) 用（手榴弹）攻击或杀害

jumpsuit ['d??mp'sju:t]n. a one-piece garment consisting of a blouse or with attached slacks or shorts 连衫裤

kabuki[k?'bu?k?]n. a type of popular Japanese drama [日]歌舞伎（一种流行于日本的剧种）

mojo['m??d???] n.personal charm 个人魅力

pratfall['pr?tf??l] n. a fall on the buttocks 屁股着地的跌倒protagonist [pr?'t?g(?)n?st] n.the main character in a drama or story 主角，主要人物

pugilistic [,pju:d?i'l?st?k] a. of a boxer; of boxing or prize-fighting 拳击运动员的，拳击的

regimen ['red??m?n] n. a fixed plan of food, exercise, etc.in order to improve one's health 养生之道，摄生法

simmer ['s?m?] v.to be a state of subdued [s?b'dju?d] activity; to be on the verge [v??d?]边缘 of developing(感情）激化; 处于一触即发的状态

sullen ['s?l?n] a.morose [m?'r??s]坏脾气的or sulky ['s?lk?] 愠怒的，生气的

swagger ['sw?g?] n. an-over confident and self-satisfied manner 狂妄自大，自鸣得意

tank [t??k] v. to give up 放弃，认输

tween [twi?n] n.(=tweenager)a person who is nearly,or has only just become a teenager(年近)十来岁少年

tenacious [t?'ne???s] a. tending to retain 持久的

vintage ['v?nt?d?] n.a group or collection people or things sharing certain characteristics 某一时代的产生或出现的具有某种相同特点的事物或人物

LESSON 5

Reading A

arhat ['ɑ:h?t] n. a saint of one of the highest ranks in Buddhism 阿罗汉

bodhisattva [,b?d?'sɑ?tv?]n.a person whose essence is perfect knowledge 菩萨

bogus ['b??g?s] a.pretended; intentionally false假的,伪造的

defuse [di?'fju?z] v.to remove the fuse from (sth.explosive) so as to prevent an explosion 拆除（爆炸物的）引信

detonate ['det??ne?t]v.to (cause to) explode by means of special apparatus (使）爆炸，引爆

exclusivist [ik'sklu:sivist] n. an advocate of exclusivism,e.g. exclusion of foreigners 排外主义者，排他主义者

fundamentalism [f?nd?'ment(?)l?z(?)m] n. the practice of following the rules of a religion, such as Christianity or Islam, very exactly (不折不扣地奉行宗教原则的)原教旨主义

Hajj [h?d?] n. the pilgrimage to the Sacred Mosque at Mecca undertaken in the 12th month of Muslim year and constituting one of the religious duties of Islam 哈吉,朝觐,麦加朝圣

ill-mannered ['il'm?n?d]a. rude;impolite 举止粗鲁的,没有礼貌的

interfaith[ '?nt?fe?θ] a. involving (persons of) different religious faiths 不同

lama ['lɑ?m?] n.a Buddhist relirious teach of Tibet 喇嘛

Mahayana [,mɑ:h?'jɑ:n?] n. a form of Buddhism with syncretistic ['s?nkr?'t?st?k]融合的features, practiced in China, Japan, and other countries 摩诃衍那（强调一切众生皆可成佛，一切修行应自利利他并重）

mantra ['m?ntr?] n. a sacred Hindu text or passage used as a prayer or incantation 曼特罗，祷文，符咒

morph [m??f] v. to alter or animate by transformation of a digital representation 数码图像转换；转变,改变

nirvana [n??'vɑ?n?] n.the final beatitude that transcends

[tr?n'send]超越，胜过suffering, karma ['kɑ?m?]因果报应，因缘, and samsara [s?m'sɑ?r?]轮回and is sought esp.in Buddhism through the extinction消失/灭of desire and individual (consciousness知觉，感悟) 涅槃

palpable ['p?lp?b(?)l] a. easily and clearly known by the senses or the mind;obvious 感觉得出的; 显而易见的，明显的perpetrator ['p??pItre?t?]n. a person who does sth. Wrong or

criminal 做错事者;犯罪者

purveyor [p?'ve??] n. a person who supplies (foods or other

goods) as a trade 承办伙食者; 供应者, 提供者

straitjacket ['stre?td??k?t] n. a garment which holds the arms down,preventing the wearer,esp. a mad person, from making violent movements 约束衣

Theravada [,θer?'vɑ:d?] n. a conservation form of

Buddhism,practiced in Burma,Thailand, and elsewhere in southern Asia 小乘教派

Sacrament ['s?kr?m?nt] n. an important Christian ceremony considered as bringing God’s blessing to those who receive it 圣事

LESSON 5

Reading B

Ammunition [,?mju'n???n] n. points used or usable to advantage in an argument(能在辩论中争得主动的)论点，有力证据Apotheosis [?,p?θ?'??s?s] n. exaltation [egz??l'te??(?)n] to divine

[d?'va?n] 神圣的,非凡的rank or stature; deification

[,di??f?'ke???n]尊为神,神话;颂扬

atheist ['e?θ??st]n. one that disbelieves or denies the existence of God or gods 无神论者

Bible-thumping ['ba?b(?)l 'θ?mp??] a.denoting a person who expounds or follows the teachings of the Bible in an aggressively evangelical way 狂热地宣讲福音的,说教的

cadence [?ke?dn?s] n. general inflection [?n'flek?(?)n] 音调变化or modulation [,m?dj?'le???n]语调，韵律of the voice (声音的)抑扬顿挫，节奏

chaplain ['t??pl?n] n. a member of the clergy who conducts religious services for an institution 牧师

construe [k?n'stru?] v. to adduce [?'dju?s] 举出，印证or explain the meaning of; to interpret 解释

deism ['di?? z?m] n. belief in the existence of God that is based more on natural laws of the world than on divine revelation 自然神论

emeritus [?'mer?t?s] a.retired but retaining an honorary title corresponding to that held immediately before retirement(大学教授等)荣誉退休后仍保留头衔的

Episcopalian [?,p?sk?'peilj?n] n. a member of a church governed by bishops(主教)美国新教圣工会教徒

evangelical [i?v?n'd?el?k(?)l] a. of, relating to, or being a Protestant church that founds its teaching on the

gospel;zealously advocating a cause 福音派新教会的;(对事业)狂热的，热情鼓吹的n. a member of an evangelical church or party 福音派信徒

fatalist ['feit?list] a. a person who believes in fate or accepts everything as inevitable 宿命论者

palliate ['p?l?e?t] v. v. to make a bad situation seem better than it really is by giving excuses 掩饰，粉饰，为……找借口

pervert [p?'v??t] v. to change sth. In an unnatural and often harmful way 歪曲

pillory ['p?l?r?] v. to expose to ridicule and abuse 使（某人）受公众责备

Presbyterian [,presb?'t??r??n] a.of or relating to ecclesiastical [?,kli?z?'?st?k(?)l]教会的,牧师的,神职的government by prebyters ['prezb?t?]长老,牧师; of or relating to a Presbyterian church 长老制的;基督教长老会的

Providence ['pr?v?d(?)ns] n. (an instance that shows) that way in which God or nature cares for and protects all creatures 天道，天意; 上帝或神的眷顾

pulpit ['p?lp?t] n. an elevated platform, lectern,or stand used in preaching or conducting a religious service(教堂的)讲道坛

rabbi ['r?ba?] n. a person trained in Jewish law, ritual ['r?t???l]仪式,礼制, and tradition and ordained [?:'dein]

任命for leadership of a Jewish congregation, esp. one serving as chief religious official of a synagogue 拉比（犹太教教士)

secular ['sekj?l?] a.not connected with or controlled by a church or other religious authority 不与教会联系的;不受教会或宗教权威管辖的;世俗的

skeptic ['sk?pt?k] n.one inclined趋向于 to skepticism

['sk?pt?,s?z?m]怀疑论in religious matters 怀疑论者

synagogue ['s?n?g?g] n. a building where Jewish people meet for religious worship 犹太教堂

synod ['s?n?d] n. a council/an assembly of churches or church officials to make decisions on church matters 教会会议

testament ['test?m(?)nt] n. sth. That serves as tangible

['t?n(d)??b(?)l]实际的,实质的proof or evidence 证明,作为确实的证据或实证的事物

underpinning ['?nd?p?n??] n. a support or foundation 支柱,支撑,基础

unfathomable [?n'f?e(?)m?b(?)l] a. difficult or impossible to understand;incomprehensible（费解的,不可思议的）深不可测的;深奥的

veneration [ven?'re??(?)n] n.the act of treating with great respect and honor 尊敬,敬重

LESSON 5

Reading C

bipartisan[,ba?pɑ?t?'z?n] a. involving or representing two potilical parties, esp.parties with opposing views 由两党组成的;代表两党的（尤指观点对立的两党）

constituent [k?n'st?tj??nt] n. sb. Who votes in a particular area 选区的选民

dysfunctional [d?s?f??k??nl] a.not following the normal patterns of social behaviour,esp.with the result that sb.cannot behave in a normal way or have a satisfactory life 与社会规范相悖的;失常的,反常的

earmark ['??mɑ?k] a. a guarantee of federal expenditures

[?k'sp?nd?t??]支出to particular recipients in

appropriations-related [?,pr??pr?'e??(?)n]拨款 documents政府拨款给特定对象的保证

hankering ['h??k(?)r??] a. a strong wish to have or do sth.渴望

incumbent [?n'k?mb(?)nt] n. sb.who has been elected to an official position,esp.in politics, and who is doing that job at the present time(尤指政治职位的)在职者,现任者

perverse [p?'v??s] a. (of a person or event)unreasonably opposed to the wishes of (other)people;awkward and annoying(人)任性的,刚愎自用的;（事件）恼人的

Rep.[rep] n.(=Representative) a member of the House of Representatives, the Lower House of Congress in the United States. A Representative is usually called a Congressman or Congresswoman 美国众议会议员（通常称国会议员）

Sen.[sen] n.（=Senator）a member of the Senate 参议院stakeholder [?ste?kh??ld?(r)] n.sb.who has invested money into sth., or who has some important connection with it, and therefore is affected by its success or failure 参与者,利益相关者

strident ['stra?d(?)nt] a. forceful and determined,esp.in a way that is offensive or (annoying->使恼怒的,使生气的) 强硬的,咄咄逼人的

LESSON 6

Reading A

allure [??l??(r)] n. a mysterious,exciting, or desirable quality 诱惑力,魅力

cantilever ['k?nt?li?v?] n. a long piece of metal or wood that sticks out from an upright post or wall and supports a shelf, the end of a bridge etc.悬臂梁

cardigan ['kɑ?d?g(?)n] n. a sweater similar to a short

coat,fastened at the front with buttons or a zip 开襟羊毛衫circuitry ['s??k?tr?] n. a system of electric circuits 电路系统

clump [kl?mp]n. a small mas of sth. such as earth or mud 块,团,群

gauche [g???] a.socially awkward or clumsy ['kl?mz?] 不善交际的,笨拙的

insulator ['?nsj?le?t?] n. a material or object which does not allow electricity, heat, or sound to pass through it 绝缘体;绝热体;隔音物

ion ['a??n] n. an atom ['?t?m]原子which has been given a positive or negative force by adding or taking away an electron 电子[?'lektr?n] 离子

lithium ['l?θ??m] n. a soft silver-white metal that is the lightest known metal, is used in batteries, and often combined with other metals 锂

lustre n. an attractive shiny appearance 光泽

oscillator ['?s?le?t?(r)] n. a machine that produces electrical oscillations 振荡器,振子

plasmon ['pl?zm?n] n. the quantum or quasiparticle associated with a collective oscillation of charge density 等离子体激元

photon ['f??t?n] n. a unit of energy that carries light and has zero

mass 光子

seep [si?p] v. to follow slowly through small holes or spaces 渗漏,渗

silica ['s?l?k?] n.a chemical compound that exists naturally as sand,quartz, and flint, used in making glass 二氧化硅

silicon ['s?l?k(?)n] n. a chemical substance that exists as a solid or as a powder and used to make glass,bricks and parts for computers 硅

smartphone n. a mobile phone that also works as a PAD 智能手机

snag [sn?g] n. a problem or disadvantage, esp. one that is not very serious, which you had not expected (尤指未预料到的)小的困难或障碍

souped-up ['su:pt?p] a. that has been made more powerful 增强马力的,加大了马力的

swathe [swe?e] n. a long thin area of sth.一长条

unravel [?n'r?vl] v. (to cause sth.woven,knotted or yangled) to separate into strands (使编制,编结或纠结之物)解开,拆开

vault [v??lt] n. n a room with tthick walls and a strong door where money, jewels etc. are kept to prevent them from being stolen or damaged(地下)金库,保险库

whizz [w?z] v. (=whiz) to move very quickly, often making a sound like sth.rushing through the air 高速移动,飕飕掠过

LESSON 6

Reading B

commons ['k?m?nz]n. the ordinary people as opposed to their rulers or people of noble birth 平民百姓,平民阶层

cyberswarm ['sa?b?sw??m] n.(groups of) people connected by the electronic communication system网络群体

dud [d?d] n. sth. that has little or no value or use,or that fails to serve its purpose 不中用的东西

marauder [m?'r?:d?] n. plunderer;raider 抢劫者,掠夺者rotisserie [r?(?)'t?s(?)r?] n. an apparatus for cooking meat by turning it over and over on a bar 旋转式烤肉架spooky ['spuki] a. causing fear in a strange way;eerie令人毛骨悚然的,阴森恐怖的

telling a. having a great or important effect;significant重要的,有重要影响的

word-of-mouse n. network marketing through oral communication 通过网络进行口传式营销

LESSON 7

Reading A

analog ['?n?l?ɡ] n. (=analogue) sth. that is in some way similar to sth. else 相似物,类似物

brazen ['bre?z(?)n] a. without shame; immodest 厚颜无耻的,恬不知耻的

cache [k??] n. a secret store of things, or the place where they are hidden 隐藏物，隐藏处

hassle ['h?s(?)l] n. a situation causing difficulty or annoyance 造成困难或带来麻烦的情况

heist [ha?st] n .robbery;theft 抢劫,盗窃

impersonate [?m'p??s(?)ne?t] v. to pretend to be another person by copying their appearance, behaviour, etc.假冒,冒充

lax [l?ks] a. not paying enough attention to what is needed or lacking in control, esp. of oneself or others 不严格的,马虎的,松懈的

missive ['m?s?v] n. a letter ,esp. a long letter (幽默夸张)书信,长信

phish [f??] v. to send false e-mails in the name of legitimate companies to ask people to supply personal information 假冒合法机构发送电子邮件以套取有关个人信息

phishern['f???]. 假冒合法机构发送电子邮件以套取有关个人信息者

purloin [p??'l??n] v. (formal or humorous) to steal (esp. sth. of small value)偷窃（尤指小东西）

rifle ['ra?f(?)l] v. to seach through and steal everything valuable from ( a desk, drawers, handbag, etc.)洗劫,翻遍（抽屉,手提包等）并偷走其中的珍贵物品

spree [spri?] n. a period of wild fun, spending,drinking,etc.无节制

的狂热行为

sweepstake ['swi:pstek] n. a form of betting,usu. On a horserace,in which those who hold tickets for the winner win all the money paid by those who bought tickets赌金全赢制（胜者可获得全部彩金）

unencrypted [?n?n'kr?pt?d] a.not encoded 未采用密码的LESSON 7

Reading B

accrue [?'kru?] v.(often followed by to) to come as a natural increase or advantage, esp. financially(尤指财政方面的)自然增加或获得利益

agnostic [?g'n?st?k] a.noncommittal [,n?nk?'m?t?l] 不表明意见的,不明朗的（文中的意思）

brio ['bri???] v. vigor; vivacity 活力;活泼

demonise ['di:m?naiz] v. to turn into or as if into a demon使成为或变成魔鬼

echelon ['e??l?n] n. a level or rank in an organization, in society, etc.; those occupying it 等级;梯队,阶层

gung-ho a. uninhibited; quick to take action 无拘束的;有干劲的（源自汉语“工合”）

guru ['g?ru?] n. a recognized leader in a field; an acknowledged and influential有影响的advocate提倡者, as of a movement or idea 权威;倡导者,精神领袖

pixilate[piks?leit] v. to display as or divide into pixels 以像素（在荧光屏上）显示;分为像点

populist ['p?pj?l?st] a. of, relating to,or characteristic of populism or its advocates 平民主义的,平民思想的,与平民主义或思想有关的

saw [s??] n.a familiar saying, esp. one that has become trite through repetition 格言,谚语

LESSON 8

Reading A

beach bum [b?m] a person who habitually loafs游荡or idles ['a?d(?)l]无所事事on beaches 海滩流浪汉;习惯于在海滩游荡或闲逛的人

carnage ['kɑ?n?d?] n. massive slaughter ['sl??t?]杀戮, as in war; a massacre ['m?s?k?]大屠杀(尤指战场上的）残杀,大屠杀circumnavigate [s??k?m'n?v?ge?t] v. to sail round (esp. the world)环绕（尤指地球）航行

flamboyant [fl?m'b???nt] a.(of a person or his

character,manner,etc.) showy炫耀的, very confident and extravagant (指人或性格.举止等)爱炫耀的;非常自信的;奢华的

impervious [?m'p??v??s] a. incapable of being affected 不受影响的

laid-back a.having a relaxed or casual atmosphere or character;easygoing 自在的;懒散的

lothario [l?u'θɑ:ri?u] n. a man who seduces [s?'dju?s]引诱 women 好色之徒,放荡者

mastitis [m?'sta?t?s] n.inflammation [?nfl?'me??(?)n] 发炎of the breast or udder 乳腺炎,乳房炎

meningitis [,men?n'd?a?t?s] n. inflammation of the menings脑膜

of the brain and the spinal ['spa?n(?)l]的cord脊髓, most often caused by a bacterial or viral ['va?r(?)l] (滤过性)病毒引起infection and characterized by fever,vomiting ['vɑm?t]呕吐, intense headache剧烈的头痛, and stiff neck（脖子发僵）脑膜炎

omnivore ['?mn?v??] n. an omnivorous [?m'n?v(?)r?s] person or animal 杂食动物;不偏食的人

peckish ['pek??] a.somewhat hungry 饥饿的

venomous ['ven?m?s] a. secreting [s?'kri?t]分泌 and transmitting 传递，发射venom 有毒的，分泌毒液的

vilify ['v?l?fa?] v. to make vicious and defrmatory statements about 污蔑,诋毁

LESSON 8

Reading B

aeon ['i??n] n. a period of time so long that it cannot be measured 无限长的时期,万古

arty-tarty ['ɑ?t?'tɑ?t?] a. trying to appear artistic [ɑ?'t?st?k], promiscuous [pr?'m?skj??s]大杂烩的,杂乱的 and provocative（引诱的) 附庸风雅的;华丽俗气的

cyclone ['sa?kl??n] n. a violent destructive wind-storm 龙卷风

electromagnetic [?,lektr?(?)m?g'net?k] a. having both electrical

and magnetic properties电磁的

extol [?k'st??l] v. to praise (sb./sth) highly 赞颂,颂扬

flip [fl?p] v. to move with a quick sharp movement; to flick 快速猛然移动

grid [gr?d]a. a system of electric power cables or gas-supply lines for distributing power evenly over a large area 输电网;煤气输送网

luminary ['lu?m?n(?)r?] n.a person who inspires or influences others 鼓舞或影响他人的人;名人,杰出人物

malign [m?'la?n] a. harmful 有害的;恶意的

pittance ['p?t(?)ns] n.a very small or insufficient amount of money paid or received as wages or allowance 微薄的工资或津贴

rev [rev]n.revolution of an engine （发动机的）旋转

vacuity [v?'kju:?ti] https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e93922474.html,ck of purpose, meaning, or intelligence(目的，意义或智慧的)缺乏;空虚;茫然;愚蠢

wizardry ['w?z?dr?] n. practice of magic 魔法

vortex n. a social group,profession, etc. seen as sth. that swallows those who approach it; whirl of activity 可将周围的人卷入的社会集团，职业等;活动的漩涡

LESSON 8

Reading C

de rigueur [d?ri'g?:]a. (French)proper and necessary according to fashion or custo 按照时尚或习俗的,合宜的

eschew [?s?t?u?]v. to avoid habitually, esp. for moral or practical reasons (习惯性）避开，回避

garner ['gɑ?n?] v. to collect or store 收藏,贮藏

get-go n. the beginning; the start 开端,开始

metamorphosis [,met?'m??f?s?s]https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e93922474.html,pletely change from one form to another (彻底）变形,变态

metrics n. the theory of measurement 度量学;度量制

mobisode[?m??bis??d] n.(=mobile episode ['ep?s??d])通过移动电话等播送的电视节目短片

Napster n. the world's most recognized brand in online music 世界上最著名的在线音乐服务网站

Precambrian [pri:'k?mbri?n] a. including all before the Cambrian 前寒武纪的

zap [z?p] v. to (cause to) move quickly or forcefully (使）快速移动

LESSON 9

Reading A

abalone [,?b?'l??n?] n. an edible ['ed?b(?)l]可食的 mollusc

['m?l?sk]软体动物, having an ear-shaped shell lined with

mother-of-pearl 鲍鱼

appendage [?'pend?d?] n. sth. that is added to, connected to, or hanging fro sth. that is large or more important 附加物,附属物

biomechanics [,ba??(?)m?'k?n?ks]n. the mechanics of the structures and movements of living organisms 生物力学,生物机械学

biomimicry ['ba???' 'm?m?kr?] n. the science which examines nature, its models, systems, processes, and elements to emulate or take inspiration from them in order to solve human problems仿生拟态学

bur [b?] n.(=burr) a seed-container of certain plants,covered with prickles 带芒刺的种子壳,刺果,针毬

burdock ['b??d?k] n. any of several coarse plants constituting the genus Arctiu, of the composite family, with purplish-red

flower-heads, prickly fruits, and large leaves like those of the dock 牛蒡，牛蒡属植物

canopy ['k?n?p?] n. a decorative cover 罩蓬，华盖

ceramic [s?'r?m?k] n.an article produced by shaping a piece of clay and baking it until it is hard 陶瓷制品

coalesce [,k???'les] v. to grow together so as to for one

group,body,ass, etc. 结合,接合（成为一体）

compliant [k?m'pla??nt] a. readily acting in accordance with a rule,order,the wishes of others,etc.服从的,顺从的,屈从的

dissipate ['d?s?pe?t]v. to (cause to) disappear or scatter (使）消散,（使)消失,驱散

formaldehyde [f??'m?ld?ha?d] n. a colourless,pungent,toxic aldehyde,usu.prepared by oxidation of methanol and used as formalin or in the manufacture of plastics etc.甲醛

kiln [k?ln] n. a box-shaped heating apparatus [??p??re?t?s]设备,仪器for baking pots or bricks, etc.窑

logarithmic [,l?g?'r?em?k] a. of the exponent that indicates the power to which a number is raised to produce a given number 对数的

mimic ['m?m?k] v. to copy sth. to have the same/similar features of sth.

模仿，仿制

mussel ['m?sl] n. a small sea animal living inside a black shell made of two parts 贻贝，淡菜

nanoprobe ['n?n??pr??b]n. a device for seeing very small objects毫微探测器

nautilus ['n??t?l?s]n. either of the two marine molluscs, pearly nautilus and paper nautilus 鹦鹉螺

plywood ['pla?w?d]n. a material made of several thin sheets of wood stuck together to form a strong board 胶合板

smelt [smelt] v. to melt(ore) for separating and removing the metal 熔炼,提炼

tack [t?k]n.a course of action or thought, esp. one that is completely different from a previous one (尤指完全与先前不同的）行为方式;思路;方针;政策

termite mound ['t??ma?t ma?nd] 蚁冢

velcro ['velkr?u] n.(proprietary name for) a fastener for clothes etc.,consisting of two strips of nylon fabric, one strip with a coarse mesh surface and the other having hooks, which adhere when pressed together 维可牢,即尼龙刺粘褡裢

rotor ['r??t?] n. a rotating part in a motor 转子,旋转器

LESSON 9

Reading B

cryptographer [kr?p'tɑɡr?f?]n.a person who is involed in the study of secret writing and codes 密码专家,密码员

cryptography [kr?p't?gr?f?]n. the study of secret writing and codes 密码学encrypt [?n'kr?pt] v. to encipher [?n'sa?f?]; to encode; to convert (a message) into cipher/code 译成密码,编码

fluoresce [fl??'res] v.to give out bright white light when electric or oother waves are passed through 发荧光

hacker ['h?k?] n. sb.who is able to use or change the information in other people’s computer systems without their knowledge or permission 私自存取或篡改他人电脑资料者,黑客

hologram ['h?l?gr?m] n. a photograph-like picture of sth. made with laser light,which,when this light is shone on it again, makes the thing appear to be solid rather than flat(用激光制作的立体)全息图

loophole ['lu?ph??l] n. a way of escaping or avoiding sth.,esp. one provided by a rule or agreement written without enough care 漏洞,空子

pedigree ['ped?gri?] n. a description of the set of people or animals from whom a person or animal is descended 家谱,系谱,家系,血统

photon ['f??t?n] n. a quantum ['kw?nt?m]量子论of light 光子polarization [,p??l?ra?'ze???n] n. division of groups based on two completely opposite principles, etc.两极分化,极化

qubit /?kju?b?t/n (=quantum bits)量子位

RSA algorithm ['?lg?r?e(?)m]运算法则 RSA 算法

stash [st??] v. to store secretly; to hide 隐藏,藏匿

theorem ['θ??r?m] n. a statement that can be shown to be true by reasoning 定理

till n. a drawer where money is kept in a shop(店铺中)放钱的抽屉trapdoor [tr?p'd??] n. a small door covering an opening in a roof or floor 活动天窗;活板门，地板门

unequivocal [?n?'kw?v?k(?)l] a. completely clear;allowing no possibility of doubt 不含糊的,明确的

verifier ['v?r?fa??] n. a person who makes certain that a

ffact,statement,etc. is correct or true; a confirmer 证明人,证实者LESSON 10

Reading A

accolade ['?k?le?d]n. praise; approval 嘉奖,赞许

adage ['?d?d?] n.a traditional saying; a proverb 格言,箴言;谚语alignment [?'la?nm(?)nt] n. arrangement in groups 联盟anonymous [?'n?n?m?s] a. written or given by sb. Who does not reveal his name 匿名的,不具名的

fraught [fr??t] a.filled with sth.; charged with sth. 充满

physician [f?'z??(?)n] n. a doctor, esp. one specializing in areas of treatment other than surgery 医生;(尤指)内科医生

repeal [r?'pi?l] v.to withdraw (a law,etc.) officially; to revoke 废止（法规等）,撤消，取消

revitalize [,ri'va?t?la?z] v. to put new life into (sth.); to regenerate 使（某事物）恢复生机,使新生,使再兴

tenure ['tenju?] n. holding of (e.g politital) office or land or other property 保有,享有,占有

LESSON 10

Reading B

aggregate ['?gr?g?t] a.being the total amount of sth., esp. money 合计的,总计的

decimate ['des?me?t] v. to reduce considerably 大幅减少

earmark ['??mɑ?k] v. (usu. Followed by for) to set aside (money etc.) for a special purpose (为某一特定用途而)存放;指拨（前款等）查前面课有出现

juggle ['d??ɡl] v. to change the arrangement of sth. constantly in order to achieve a satisfactory result or to deceive people 不断改变某事的安排（以得到满意的结果或欺骗人）

marginalize ['mɑ?d??n(?)la?z] v.to make or treat as incignificant 使处于次要地位,忽视

plug [pl?g] v. to seek to popularize (an idea, product, etc.)by constant recommendation 大肆宣传（观点,产品等）

qualm [kw??m] n. an uncomfortable feeling of uncertainty 不安,疑虑relegate ['rel?ge?t] v. to dismiss sb./sth. to a lower or less important rank, task or state 使某人或某事物降级,降职或降低地位

remit ['ri:m?t] n. a particular area of work that sb. Is responsible for 职权范围,管理范围

ring-fence v. to protect or guarantee (funds)保证或保证（资金）

underspend n. the amount by which a specified amount is not totally spent(预算的)未用完数额

vindication [,v?nd?'ke???n] n. proving (that sth. is true or right) or condition of beingh proved 澄清,证实

LESSON 11

Reading A

bootstrap ['bu?tstr?p] n. a strap attached to a boof for pulling it on 拔靴带;-s: the efforts made by oneself without help from others 独自所做的努力

brainstorm v.to have a sudden inspiration or bright idea 突然间产生灵感,突然想到妙计

caveat ['k?v??t] n. a statement or warning intended to prevent misunderstanding(为防止误解而作的)申述，说明，预先通告

hone [h??n] v. to sharpen(knives,swaords,etc.)把(刀，剑等)磨光

inauspicious [,?n??'sp???s] a. seeming to show bad luck to come; not giving good hopes for the future 不吉利的,不吉祥的

morgue [m??g] n. a building or room where a dead body is kept until the time of the funeral 停尸室,太平间

nuanced ['nju?ɑ?nst] a. characterized by slight or subtle ['s?t(?)l] variation in or shades of meaning, expression,colour,etc.体现细微差别的

resilience [r?'z?l??ns] n. the quality of being able to return quickly to usual health or good spirits after going through

difficulty,disease,change,etc.复原力,恢复力,适应力

LESSON 11

Reading B

affable ['?f?b(?)l] a. friendly; courteous 友好的;谦和的

audition [??'d??(?)n] n. a test of a performer’s suitability or ability (鉴定演员等的)试听,试音

bourbon ['b??b?n] n.whisky from maize and rye 波旁威士忌酒（由玉米和黑麦酿制）

briard[ bri:'ɑ:d]n.an old frenchbreed of large long-coated sheepgod 布里牧羊狗

compunction [k?m'p??k?(?)n] n. pricking of conscience 内疚，良心的责备,自责

diabolical [da??'b?l?k(?)l] a.devilish; inhumanly cruel or wicked 凶暴的,穷凶极恶的,邪恶的

divulge [da?'v?ld?] v. to disclose; to reveal ( a secret etc.)暴露,泄露（秘密等）

dub [d?b] v. to give ( a person) a name, nickname ['n?kne?m]绰号, etc.给（某人）命名

fare [fe?] v. to progress; to get on 进展

ferocious [f?'r????s] a. fierce [f??s]; savage ['s?v?d?] 凶猛的,野蛮的

forensic [f?'rens?k] a. of or used in courts of law 法庭的,用于法庭的

franchise ['fr?n(t)?a?z] n. right or privilege granted to a person or corporation 授予某人或某公司的权利或特权

graphic ['gr?f?k] a. vividly descriptive (描写)生动的,形象的hallmark ['h??lmɑ?k] n. a distinctive feature 特征,特点

malt [m??lt ]n.barely, or other grain, steeped ['sti:pt], germinated ['d???m?ne?t]发芽, and dried, for brewing etc.麦芽

mundane [m?n'dein] a. dull;routine 乏味的;例行公事的

ornithologist ['?rn?'θɑl?d??st] n. a person who studies the birds 鸟类学家paparazzo [,pɑ:pa:'rɑ:tts??] / paparazzi(复数）[,pɑ?p?'rɑ?tsi?] n.

a freelance photographer who pursues celebrities to photogr aph them 专门追逐名人摄影的自由职业摄影师

pastiche [p?'sti??] n. a literary or other work composed in the style of a well-known author etc.模仿作品

persona [p?'s??n?] n.aspect of the personality as shown to or perceived [p?'si?vd]认知 by others 人格面貌,面具人格

prolific [pr?'l?f?k] a. producing much output 多产的

pseudonym ['sju?d?n?m] n. a fictitious name, esp. of an author (尤指作者的)假名,笔名

rollercoaster ['r??l? ,k??st?]n. a small railway with steep slopes and sharp curves, found in amusement parks 过山车车道

spurn [sp??n] n. to reject with disdain or contempt 轻蔑的拒绝，摒弃，唾弃

stockpile ['st?kpa?l] v. to accumulsate a stock of goods 储备subscribe [s?b'skra?b] v. to agree with an opinion etc.同意,赞成（意见等）

tedium ['ti?d??m] n. tediousness 冗长，单调乏味

LESSON 11

Reading C

battery ['b?tri] n.the criminal offence of hitting another person 殴打罪

bully ['b?l?] v. to persecute ['p??s?kju?t]迫，吓唬or oppress [?'pres] by force or threats 欺负，威逼,吓唬

catharsis [k?'θɑ?s?s] n.freeing and elimination of repressed

[r?'prest]被压抑的,被抑制的 emotion 宣泄,精神发泄

compliance [k?m'pla??ns] n. obedience to a request, command, etc.遵从,依从，顺从

concur [k?n'k??] v. to have the same opinion 同意，一致confidentiality [,k?nf?,den??'?l?t?] n. being kept secret 保密

convene [k?n'vi?n] v.to summon ['s?m?n]召唤，召集 or arrange ( a meeting etc.) 召集,组织

curfew ['k??fju?] n. a stipulation [,st?pj?'le??n]规定,约定,挑款 which forces some people to remain indoors after certain time at night (要求某类人)夜晚一定时间后不准外出的规定

defendant [d?'fend(?)nt] n. a person etc. sued or accused in a law court 被告

delinquent [d?'l??kw(?)nt] a. guilty of a minor crime or misdeed罪行,犯罪 [m?s'di?d] 有罪的,有过失的

deter [d?'t??] v. to discourage or prevent, esp. through fear(尤指通过恐吓)使不敢,制止

entrenched [?n'tren(t)?t] a.(of an attitude etc.) not easily modified (态度等)坚定的,难以改变的

forum ['f??r?m] n.a court or tribunal 法庭,(审理特定案件的）特别法庭

graffiti [gr?'fi?t?] n.writing or drawing scibbled, scratched, or sprayed on a surface(在物体表面乱写，乱画或乱涂的）文字或图画，涂鸦

grill [gr?l]v.to subject to severe questioning 审问

harassment n.troubling and annoying continually 不断打搅,骚扰

mete [mi?t] v. to allot (punishment or reward)给予（惩罚或奖励）

misdemeanor [,m?sd?'mi:n?] a. a misdeed 不端行为

probation [pr?'be??(?)n] n.a system of supervising and monitoring the behavior of (sep. yong)offenders, as an alternative to prison (尤指对年轻犯人的）缓刑（期）

rehabilitation ['ri?h?,b?l?'te???n] n.restoring to effectiveness or normal by training etc., esp. after imprionment or illness（尤指坐牢或重病后通过训练）恢复机能；正常生活

sanction ['s??k??n] v. to ratify;to make(a law etc.)binding 批准,使（法律等）有约束力slash [sl??]v. to reduce(prices etc.) drastically(价格等）大幅度削减

spin[sp?n] n.a special point of view,ephasis, or interpretation presented for the purpose of influencing opinion 一种意欲影响人的观点

transgression [tr?ns'gre??n] n. going beyond the bounds or limits set by a commandment,law,etc.违反,越界

verdict ['v??d?kt] n. a decision of a jury in a civil or criminal case(指陪审团对民事或刑事案的）裁定,判决

LESSON 12

Reading A

admonition [,?dm?'n??(?)n] n. cautionary advice or warning 劝告,警告

bliss [bl?s] n. extreme happiness 极大的幸福

construe [k?n'stru?] v. to understand sth., usually in a particular way or with respect to a given set of circumstances 把......理解作

cubical ['kju?b?k?l] n. a small compartment, as for work or study 用于工作或学习的小房间

disillusion [,d?s?'l(j)u??(?)n] v. to free or deprive of illusion 使人清醒,使人梦想破灭

egocentric [,eg?(?)'sentr?k] a. viewed or preceived from one's own ind as a center 自我中心的

envision [?n?v??n] v. to picture to oneself 想象,预想

expertise [,eksp??'ti?z] n. skill or knowledge in a particular area 专门机能,专门知识

gamut ['g?m?t] n.a complete range or extent 整个范围,全部

meagre ['mi?g?] a.deficent [d?'f??(?)nt]不足的，有缺陷的 in quality or quantity 不详尽的，不完备的

patronize [?p?tr??na?z] v. to go to as a custoer,esp. on a regular basis 光顾,惠顾

scant [sk?nt] a. barely sufficient 缺乏的,不足的

stellar ['stel?] a.outstanding 第一流的

suboptimal [s?b'?ptim?l] a.not quite favorable or desirable 不最理想的,不最适宜的

tenet ['ten?t] n. a principle,belief, or doctrine ['d?ktr?n]主义,信条generally held to be true 信条，宗旨，原则

thyself [ea?'self] pron.(old use) yourself 你自己

vet[vet] v. to subject to thorough examination or evaluation 审查

viable ['va??bl] a. capable of success or continuing effectiveness 可行的

virtuosity [,v??t??'?s?t?] n. the technical skill,fluency, or style exhibited by a virtuoso 鉴赏力,精湛技巧

wistful ['w?s(t)f?l ]a. full of yearning ['j??n??]渴望or desire tinged with melancholy 忧郁,愁思，悲哀['mel?nk?l?] 渴望的；忧郁的

LESSON 12

Reading B

anomaly [?'n?m(?)l?] n. an anomalous thing; irregularity 异常的事物；不合规则

befuddlement [bi'f?dlm?nt] n. the state of being made stupid or confused 糊涂，迷糊

cult [k?lt] n. devotion to or admiration of sb./sth 狂热的献身或崇拜

detrimental [,detr?'ment(?)l] a.harmful 有害的

eclectic [e'klekt?k] a.(of people, beliefs,etc.) not restricted to one source of ideas,etc., but choosing from or using a wide range 折中的

founder v. (of a plan,etc.) to fail; to break down (指计划等）失败,垮掉

inept [?'nept] https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e93922474.html,pletely unskillful (at sth.)不熟练;不擅长的mire [ma??] n.swampy ground or bog;deep mud 泥潭

over-vault [v??lt] v. to jump in a single movement over or onto an object with the hand(s) resting on it or with the help of a 杆pole 跳跃过

paradigm ['p?r?da?m] n. type of sth.;pattern; model 范例

pit v. to test sb./sth. in a struggle or competition with sb./sth.else 使竞争

polemical [p?'l?m?kl] a.arguing a case very forcefully, often with the intention of being controversial or provocative 好辩的

salient ['se?l??nt] a.most noticeable or important;main显著的;重要的

shady-sounding [,?e?d? 'sa?nd??] a. giving a mental impression of disrepute 听上去名声不好的

tome [t??m] n. large heavy book, esp. a scholarly or serious one 大部头书,大本书(尤指学术性的或理论性的）

turnstile ['t??nsta?l] n. a structure that permits the passage of an individual once a charge has been paid or that counts the number of individuls passing through 十字转门

LESSON 13

Reading A

pharmacology [,fɑ?m?'k?l?d??]n. the scientific study of drugs and medicines 药物学,药理学

plateau ['pl?t??] v. if sth,plateaus, it teaches and stays at a particular level.达到稳定时期或阶段

precipitous [pr?'s?p?t?s]a. very sudden 突然的，骤然的;急剧的

quell [kwel] v. to reduce or stop unpleasant feelings such as fear,doubt,or worry 减轻,消除

regimen ['red??m?n] n. a special plan of food, exercise etc. that is intended to improve your health 养生之道,摄生法

rhesus monkey ['ri:s?s]n. a small monkey from northern India that is often used in medical tests 恒河猴

satiety [s?'ta??t?] n. the state of being (too much) filled or satisfied 饱足;充分满足;过饱

stressor ['stres?] n. a stimulus or agent that induces stress to an organism 应激原

yeast [ji?st] n. a type of fungus used for producing alcohol in beer and wine,and for making bread rise 酵母

LESSON 13

Reading B

abysmal [?'b?zm(?)l] a.resembling an abyss in

depth;unfathomable 深不可测的

Anglican ['??ɡlik?n] n. of having to do with,or characteristic of

the Church of England or any of the churches related to it in

origin and communion,such as the Protestant Episcopal Church 英国国教的，英国圣公会的

balk [b??lk]v. to be reluctant to tackle sth. because it is

difficult,dangerous,unpleasant,etc.不愿从事（某事）

cerebral ['ser?br(?)l] a. of or relating to the cerebrum ['ser?br?m]

大脑or to the entire brain;involving intelligence rather than emotions or 直觉,本能instinct 大脑的;智力的,用脑筋的

credence ['kri?d(?)ns] n. acceptance as true or valid; belief 接受

为真实或有效；信任

debilitating [d?'b?l?te?t??] a. making( a person or his body) very weak 使人衰弱的,消弱力量的

detach [d?'t?t?]v. to separate or unfasten; to disconnect 使分开，使分离

excruciating [?k'skru???e?t??] a. intensely painful;agonizing 极痛苦的，折磨人的

inkling ['??kl??]n. slight knowledge(of sth. secret or not previously known); hint 暗示，线索[h?nt] 略知;暗示

manifesto [m?n?'fest??] n. a public declaration of principles, policies, or intentions意图打算, esp. of a political nature 宣言

odyssey [ '?disi ]n. an extended adventurous voyage or trip; an intellectual or spiritual quest 长时间冒险旅行;智力或精神上的探

索

parasite ['p?r?sa?t]n. an animal or plant that lives on or another and gets its food from it; a person who lives off others and gives nothing in return 寄生虫;食客

peerless ['p??l?s] a. being such as to have no match; incomparable 无可匹敌的,无双的

perineum [,per?'ni??m] n. the region between the scrotum ['skr??t?m] 阴囊and the anus ['e?n?s]肛门in males,and between the posterior [p?'st??r??]较后的 vulva ['v?lv?] junction and the anus in females 会阴

prostate ['pr?ste?t] The prostate gland 前列腺

repose [r?'p??z] n. the act of resting or the state of being at rest; freedom from worry; peace of mind;calmness 休息；安详；安静sceptic ['skept?k]n.a person who doubts that a

claim,statement,etc. is true,or a person who does not think religious teachings are true 怀疑论者;怀疑宗教教义的人smoulder ['sm??ld?] v. to burn slowly without flame 缓慢燃烧suss [s?s] v. to infer or discover; to figure out 推断出或发现;明白twinge [tw?n(d)?] n. a sharp, sudden physical pain 如刺一样痛，剧痛

vindicate ['v?nd?ke?t] v. to justify or prove the worth of, esp. in light of later developments 证明……正确

LESSON 14

Reading A

airing['e?r??] n. exposure to public attention 公之于众creationism [kri?'e??(?)n?z(?)m] n. the position that the account of the creation of the universe given at the beginning of the Bible is literally true 神创论,认为《圣经》篇首给出的创造宇宙的叙述是真实无误的学说

deity ['di??ti] n. devine quality of nature 神性

evangelical [i?v?n'd?el?k(?)l] a. of a Protestant group which believes that the soul can be saved only by faith in Christ 福音派新教会的

flagellum [fl?'d?el?m] n. a long, threadlike appendage ,esp. a whip-like extension of certain cells or unicellular organisms that functions as an organ of locomotion 鞭毛,鞭状体fundamentalist [,f?nd?'m?ntl?st] n. a supporter of fundamentalism, who believes that the Bible is literally true and should form the basis of religious thought or practice(基督新教)基要派，认为《圣经》的经文翔实无误，应构成宗教理论或实践的基础

High-profile a. attracting a lot of public attention 高姿态的

indoctrinate [?n'd?ktr?ne?t] v. to train (sb.) to accept a set of ideas

without questioning them 向…….灌输（思想等）

Lutheran ['lu:θ?r?n] n. the branch of the Protestant Church adhering to the views of Luther路德会教友,新教中坚持路德观点的那一教派

mandate ['m?nde?t] n. to give (sb.) the power(to do sth.)授权

pathologist [p?'θɑl?d??st] n. an expert in pathology-the scientific study of diseases of a body 病理学家

philanthropist [f?'l?nθr?p?st] n. a person who helps others, esp. through charitable work or donations of money 帮助他人者;（尤指）慈善家，捐款人

secular ['sekj?l?] a. not concerned with spiritual or religious affairs 世俗的,非宗教的

theocracy [θ?'?kr?s?] n. government by a god regarded as the ruling power or by priests神父,牧师 claiming divine神圣的,非凡的(sanction->制裁，处罚) 神权政治

think-tank n. a group or an institution organized for intensive集中的,加强的research and solving of problems 智囊团，思想库

tuxedo [t?k'si?d??] n. a completely outfit 全套礼服

vanguard ['v?ngɑ?d] n. leaders of a movement or fashion （运动或时尚的）先驱，先锋，领导者

LESSON 14

Reading B

acrimonious [,?kr?'m??n??s] a.(esp. of quarrels) bitter (尤指争吵)尖酸刻薄的

americium [,?m?'r?sj?m] n. a white metallic transuranic

[,tr?nzj??'r?n?k]超铀的element of the actinide ['?kt?,na?d] n. [化学] 锕类；锕系元素series 镅

beryllium [b?'r?l??m] n. a high-melting, lightweight,

corrosion-resistant,rigid,steelgray metallic element used as an aerospace structural material 铍

bile [ba?l] n. a bitter yellowish liquid produced by the liver to help the body digest fats 胆汁

celestial [s?'lestj?l] a.of the sky 天上的choleric ['k?l?r?k] a. easily angered; bad-tempered 易怒的

cobble ['k?b(?)l] v. to put sth. together or make sth. hastily匆忙的or clumsily ['kl?mzili] 胡乱拼凑;粗制滥造

daunting ['d?:nt??] a. discouraging; frightening 使人畏缩的helium ['hi?l??m] n. a light colorless gas that does not burn,used in airships 氦

hemlock ['heml?k] n.poison made from this plant 由毒芹提取的毒药

herculean [,h?:kju'li:?n] a. having or needing very great strength 需要（花费）很大力气或决心的

humor ['hj?m?] n.(arch？何意) any of the four liquids(blood, phlegm,choler, melancholy) in the body that were once thought to determine a person’s mental and physical qualities四种体液（血液，黏液，胆汁和犹豫液）之一种（曾被认为可对人的性情和健康起决定作用）

monstrosity [m?n'str?s?t?] n. a thing that is large and very ugly 巨大而丑陋的东西

phlegm [flem] n. a thick semi-liquid substance which forms in the air passages, esp. when one has a cold,and which can be removed by coughing 痰

phosphorus ['f?sf(?)r?s] n. a pale yellow waxlike似蜡的poisonous有毒的substance that glows in the dark and catches fire easily 磷

sputter ['sp?t?] v. to make a series of spitting or popping sounds 喷出，飞溅出

sulphur['s?lf?] n. a light-yellow non-metallic solid that burns with a bright flame and a strong sell,used in medicine and industry 硫磺

throes [θr??z] n. severe pains 剧痛，阵痛

timorous ['t?m(?)r?s] a. timid 胆怯的，羞怯的

tout [ta?t] v. to promote or praise energetically 吹嘘，吹捧

LESSON 15

Reading A

bolster ['b??lst?] v. to give support to sb./sth.; to strengthen or reinforce 支持;加强

embolden [?m'b??ld(?)n] v. (esp. passive) to give courage or confidence to sb.使大胆，使有胆量

formidable ['f??m?d?b(?)l] a. inspiring awe [??]敬畏 and respect because of excellence and strength; very impressive 极好的;令人敬畏的;惊人的

harbinger ['hɑ?b?nd??] n. a sign that indicates or foreshadows预示what is to come;a forerunner 预兆；先驱

insolvent [?n's?lv(?)nt] a. unable to meet debts or discharge liabilities; bankrupt 无法偿还债务的，破产的

maelstrom[ 'meilstr?um]n. a violent or turbulent['t??bj?l(?)nt] situation 大漩涡

ploy [pl??] n. an action calculated to frustrate an opponent or gain an advantage indirectly or deviously ['div??sli]迂回的,不正大光明地; a maneuver 策略，手段，花招，手法

relinquish [r?'l??kw??] v. to give up or cease [si?s]停止，终止 to practice,feel,etc.; to abandon 不再采取,放弃

revitalize v. to impact new life or vigor活力 to 使新生,使再兴

squelch [skwelt?] v. to put down or silence, as with a crushing决定性的(retort->反驳，反击) 压制，镇压

LESSON 15

Reading B

acronym ['?kr?n?m] n. a word made up from the first letters of the name of sth. 首字母缩略词

binge [b?nd?] a. a period of drinking,wild behavior, etc.闹饮作乐；无节制的狂热行为

BP(=British Petroleum [p?'tr??l??m])英国石油公司

default [d?'f??lt] n. failure to do sth. that is demanded by duty or law,such as paying one's debts违约，拖欠

dip [d?p] n. a drop to a lower level 下跌,下滑downswing ['da?nsw??] n. a downward trend, esp. in ecnomic conditions 下降趋势,下降

imponderable [?m'p?nd(?)r?b(?)l] n. sth.whose effects or importance cannot be calculated or measured exactly 无法估量的事物

outlier ['a?tla??] n. an outsider; a person who avoids acceptable or expected behavior(排除在团体以外的）外人

premium ['pri?m??m] n. a payment made to buy insurance 保险费trim [tr?m] v. to make neat,even or tidy by cutting or removing unwanted parts; to reduce by removing sth. unnecessary 修剪，修整；削减

LESSON 15

Reading C

anemia [?'nim??] n. condition of the blood caused by a lack of red corpuscles,making the person look pale 贫血,贫血症

culture ['k?lt??] n. rearing of certain types of animal (e.g.

bees,silkwors,etc.) to improve the species (动物，如蜂，蚕等良种的）培育

dialysis [?da???lis?s] n.process of purifying纯净，净化 blood by passing it through a membrane ['membre?n]薄膜,used esp.for treating patients with daaged kidneys 透析

erythropoietin [?,r?θr?(?)p??'et?n] n.a glycoprotein hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells by bone arrow. Produced mainly by the kidneys,the hormone is released in response to decreased levels of oxygen in body tissue.(促）红细胞生成素

franchise ['fr?n(t)?a?z] n. formal permission to sell a copany's goods or services in a particular area 特许经销权

generic [d??'ner?k] a. shared by or including a whole group or class 属的,类的

hamster ['h?mst?] n.a small rat-like rodent kept as a pet, with pouches in its cheeks for carrying grain 仓鼠

injunction [?n'd???(k)?(?)n] n. an official order, esp. a written order from a lawcourt,demanding that shall or shall not be done指令，禁令

litigation [l?t?'ge??(?)n] n. lawsuit 诉讼

splice [spla?s] v. to join sth. by fastening the at the ends 拼接

surmise [s?'ma?z] v. to suppose (sth.) without having evidence that makes it certain; to guess 猜想，揣测

LESSON 16

Reading A

abduction [?b'd?k?n] n. the action of carrying away by unlawful force or fraud 诱拐，绑架

currency ['k?r(?)ns?] n.general acceptance; prevalence 通行，流行

dimple ['d?mp(?)l] n. a slight depression or indentation in a surface 凹痕

endorse [?n'd??s] v. to give approval of orsupport to, esp. by public statement 支持

pinpoint ['p?np??nt] v. to locate or identify with precision 精确地定位或确认

radius ['re?d??s] n. a circular area measured by a given radius 半径范围

surveillance [s?'ve?l(?)ns] n. the act of obsering or the condition of being observed 监视,监督

LESSON 16

Reading B

aquamarine [,?kw?m?'ri?n] a. blue green 蓝绿色的

carp [kɑ?p] v. to complain fretfully 苦恼地抱怨

citrus ['s?tr?s] n.any of a group of related trees including the lemon, lime, orange and grapefruit 柑橘属果树

cul-de-sac ['kuld?'s?k] n.a dead-end street; an impasse 尽头路delusion [d?'l(j)u??(?)n] n. a false belief or opinion 错觉，幻觉

electrolyte [?'lektr?la?t] n.(subtance that can dissolve or produce a)solution able to conduct electric current, esp. in an electric cell or battery 电解液;电解质

leg-up n. a help in a difficulty; an aid to progress 帮助,援助

palmetto [p?l'met??] n. a type of small palm-tree with fan-shaped leaves 矮棕榈

pastel ['p?st(?)l] a. pale and soft in color 色彩浅而柔和的pocket n. storage; a sall isolated group or area 存储,贮藏;孤立的小群体或地区

spin-off a.imitative or derivative of an earlier work, product, or establishment 派生的,衍生的

spoil [sp??l] n.profits; benefits reaped by a winner 赢家所得的利益

tarpaulin [tɑ?'p??l?n] n. material, such as waterproof canvas,used to cover and protect things from oisture 防水油布

tundra ['t?ndr?] n. a treeless area between the icecap and the tree line of Arctic regions 苔原，冻土地带

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