福建省漳州第一中学高考英语高中英语阅读理解习题及答案doc

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

Our plan was to drive into Cambridge, catch the 7:34 train to Liverpool Street Station, then to separate and meet again for lunch. We should have arrived at Liverpool at 9:19, but due to a typical London fog, the train had to move along so slowly that it was not until 10:30 that it got there. In spite of our late arrival, Joan, my wife's sister, decided that she would go to see the Crown Jewels in the Tower of London while we went shopping. It was only after her sister had disappeared into the fog that my wife realized that we hadn't decided where we should meet for lunch. Since I had our three tickets for the concert in my pocket, this was indeed a problem. There seemed to be nothing we could do except taking a taxi to the Tower of London, and try to find her there. Needless to say, we didn't find her.

It was now one o'clock, and the concert began at 2:30. "Perhaps she will think of waiting outside the concert hall," suggested my wife hopefully. By this time the fog was so thick that road traffic had to stop, and the only way to get there was by underground railway. Hand in hand we felt our way along the road to where we thought the nearest station should be. An hour later we were still trying to find it. Just as I was about to lose my temper completely when we met a blind man tapping his way confidently through the fog. With his help we found Tower Hill tube station just fifty yards down the road.

By now it was far too late even to try to get to the concert hall before the performance began at 2:30, so we decided to return to Cambridge. It took seven long hours instead of the usual two to make that journey. Nor were we able to get any food and drink on the train. Tired and hungry we finally reached home at ten, opening the door to the sound of the telephone bell. It was Joan; she had seen the Crown Jewels, had managed to get another ticket for concert, and had had a wonderful dinner at a restaurant near the hotel where she decided to stay for the night. Now she was ringing to discover whether we had had an equally successful day.

（1）Why was Joan separated from her sister and her brother-in-law?

A. they could not see each other because of the fog.

B. Joan had not seen Crown Jewels.

C. They planned to do different things until lunch time.

D. The writer didn't want to go to the concert.

（2）What did the writer plan to do in the afternoon?

A. Go to the concert.

B. See the Crown Jewels.

C. Return to Cambridge.

D. Go shopping.

（3）The reason why they didn't all meet for lunch was that _______.

A. They lost their way in the fog

B. they forgot to make necessary arrangement

C. they waited at different places and didn't meet each other

D. the couple couldn't find the underground station

（4）It's quite clear that for Joan the trip to London had been ________.

A. spilt by the fog

B. quite tiring

C. rather disappointing

D. very enjoyable

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者一伙人到伦敦游玩的故事。由于安排不当，导致当天的活动很是混乱。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Our plan was to drive into Cambridge, catch the 7:34 train to Liverpool Street Station, then to separate and meet again for lunch”可知，他们分开的原因在于他们决定各自做自己的事情，然后中午午餐时相聚。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Since I had our three tickets for the concert in my pocket, this was indeed a problem”，可知作者计划去听音乐会。故选A。

（3）细节理解。根据第一段中的“It was only after her sister had disappeared into the fog that my wife realized that we hadn't decid ed where we should meet for lunch. ”可知此前他们并没有做好安排。故导致午饭时没能聚到一起。故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“It was Joan; she had seen the Crown Jewels, had managed to get another ticket for concert, and had had a wonderful dinner at a restaurant near the hotel where she decid ed to stay for the night”可知Joan玩得很尽兴。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

You're probably used to the regular upgrades in our cell-phone networks. There was 2G, which came along in 199l, replaced with 3G in 2001, followed by 4G in 2009. Now we're hearing about the coming of 5G.

But 5G is a much bigger leap than before. 5G, of course, is much faster than 4G in the real world and a 5G phone in a 5G city will enjoy Internet speeds between 9 and 20 times as fast. The arrival of 5G also means enormous leaps forward in capacity－so much that every cell-phone plan will offer cheap, truly unlimited Internet access. "The consequences of that are huge," says Sherif Hanna, Qualcomm's director of 5G marketing. For example, apps will no longer degrade (降低) your video quality or postpone downloading when you're out of Wi-Fi range. In fact, you'll probably prefer to do your downloads when you're on cellular (使用流量) because 5G will be much faster than whatever service you've got at home or work.

"However, not everyone is excited by the 5G development. The new standard gets its speed partly by using existing transmission(传输) frequencies more efficiently and partly by using the millimeter wave range. That's a big, juicy line of radio frequencies that are currently underused because millimeter wave is really hard to use," Hanna says.

These frequencies are much higher than anything we've used for the cellular, which means they can offer unbelievable speed－but at the cost of range. Millimeter wave cellular towers have to be about 500 feet apart. Cell carriers not only will have to upgrade all their cell transceivers (called small cells) but will install(安装) a lot more of them as well.

That's why the millimeter wave flavor of 5G, the superfast coverage, will be available only in densely populated cities such as New York and San Francisco. In suburban and rural areas, 5G will bring a speedup of "only" nine times faster.

（1）What advantages does 5G have over previous networks?

A. 5G is much faster and more convenient.

B. 5G allows users to download more videos.

C. 5G can provide better service and news at home.

D. 5G cell-phone plans are expensive but more accessible.

（2）Hanna's words in paragraph 3 reflect .

A. popularity of the coming of 5G

B. easy access to the 5G development

C. concern about the 5G development

D. excitement about the 5G development

（3）What can we learn about 5G according to the text?

A. It requires more cellular towers.

B. It won't be available in rural areas.

C. It won't show speed improvements in suburbs.

D. It makes some populated cities even more crowded.

（4）Where is the text most likely from?

A. A tour brochure.

B. A science newspaper.

C. A medical magazine.

D. An experimental textbook.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了5G网络的一些基本情况。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“But 5G is a much bi gger leap than before. 5G, of course, is much faster than 4G in the real world and a 5G phone in a 5G city will enjoy Internet speeds between 9 and 20 times as fast.”但5G的发展比以前大得多。当然，在现实世界中，5G比4G快得多，5G城市中的5G手机将享受9到20倍的网速。可知，5G手机的网速将大幅度提高。由此可知，与以前的网络相比，5G更快、更方便。故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“‘However, not everyone is excited by the 5G development…That's a big, juicy line of radio frequencies that are currently underused because millimeter wave is really hard to use,’ Hanna says.”汉纳说:“然而，并不是每个人都对5G的发展感到兴奋……这是一个巨大的、有趣的无线电频率线，目前还没有得到充分利用，因为毫米波真的很难使用。”可知，汉纳认为并不是每个人都对5G的发展感到兴奋，这种无线电频率线，目前还没有得到充分利用。由此推知，汉纳在第3段中的话反映了对5G发展的担忧。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Cell carriers not only will have to upgrade all their cell transceivers (called small cells) but will install(安装) a lot more of them as well.”手机运营商不仅要升级他们所有的手机收发器(称为小型小区，还要安装更多的收发器）可知，5G不仅需要手机运营商升级他们所有的手机收发器，还要安装更多的收发器。可推知，5G需要更多

的手机基站。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“There was 2G, which came along in 199l, replaced with 3G in 2001, followed by 4G in 2009. Now we're hearing about the coming of 5G.”1991年出现的2G, 2001年被3G取代，2009年又出现了4G。现在我们听到了5G的到来。可知，本文主要介绍了5G网络的一些基本情况。5G网络的发展属于科技进步，结合选项可知，本文应该来自科学报纸。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

At one time or another in your life you have probably done origami, even if it was just making a paper airplane or something more complicated like a paper crane. The chances are that as you did it, you reflected on how inventive this traditional art is. Animals, boxes, flowers, boats: it all can be created from a single square or rectangular sheet of paper simply by folding it. No cutting, no pasting.

But did you ever stop to think how the same techniques might be applied to engineering? Equipment that could be of real practical use? Origami meets the demand for things that need to be small when transported and large when they arrive, like the everyday umbrella. In fact, origami-inspired creations have already flown in space; in 1995, Japanese engineers launched a satellite with solar panels that folded like a map.

'It's now mathematically proven that you can pretty much fold anything," says physicist Robert J. Lang, who quit his engineering job eight years ago to fold things full time. Lang, an origami enthusiast since age six, advised a advised well-known ear manufacturer the best way to fold an airbag into a dashboard. He is currently working on a space telescope lens that, if all goes according to plan, should be able to unfold to the size of a football field.

At the other end of the scale, researchers are also working on tiny folding devices that could lead to breakthroughs in medicine and computing. There's no doubt that computers of the future may contain tiny, folded motors or capacitors for faster processing and better memory.

Applications for origami engineering go further than many of us might imagine. "Some day," says MIT's Erik Demaine, "we'll build reconfigurable (可重构的) robots that can fold on their own from one thing into another, like Transformers. Too much like science fiction to be true? Maybe—though you certainly wouldn't want to bet against it."

（1）What do we know about origami?

A. It consumes lots of time.

B. It involves interesting ideas.

C. It requires complex techniques.

D. It has to do with cutting and pasting.

（2）Which of the following is an application of origami?

A. A space telescope lens can be folded to the size of an umbrella.

B. A satellite is equipped with solar panels and a folded map.

C. An airbag can be better folded into a dashboard of a car.

D. A future computer contains many huge folded motors.

（3）What is Erik Demaine's attitude towards origami engineering?

A. Hopeful

B. Doubtful.

C. Disapproving.

D. Ambiguous.

（4）In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?

A. Entertainment.

B. Culture.

C. Education.

D. Pop-science.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，折纸是一种具有创造性的传统艺术，而现在它已经被应用到技术工程领域，人们利用折纸原理创造出了很多可折叠的装置。折纸工程将在很大程度上影响未来的医药、计算机和机器人行业。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“The chances are that as you did it, you reflected on how inventive this traditional art is. Animals, boxes, flowers, boats: it all can be created from a single square or rectangular sheet of paper simply by folding it. No cutting, no pasting.”可知，折纸是一个具有创造性的传统艺术，我们不用裁剪或拼贴，只通过折叠就可以把一张正方形或者三角形的纸变成动物、纸盒、花、船等东西，由此推测折纸需要有创造性的和有趣的想法。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Lang, an origami enthusiast s ince age six, advised a well-known ear manufacturer the best way to fold an airbag into a dashboard.”可知折纸爱好者Lang向一位制造商建议了把安全气囊折叠到仪表盘中的最佳方式。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Applications for origami engineering go further than many of us might imagine”可知Erik Demaine认为折纸工程的应用远远超出了我们的想象，由此可推测Erik Demaine对折纸工程的未来充满希望。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“in 1995, Japanese engineers launched a satellite with solar panels that folded like a map.”；第三段中的“Lang, an origami enthusiast since age six, advised a advised well-known ear manufacturer the best way to fold an airbag into a dashboard.”；第四段中的“There's no doubt that computers of the future may contain tiny, folded motors or capacitors for faster processing and better memory. ”和第五段中的“‘Some day,’ says MIT's Erik Demaine, ‘we'll build rec onfigurable (可重构的) robots that can fold on their own from one thing into another, like Transformers.’”可知卫星，安全气囊的折叠，未来电脑的发展和未来可重构机器人，这些都和科学技术相关，故推测本文很有可能出现在报纸的科学板块。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

Recently, as the British doctor Robert Winston took a train from London to Manchester, he found himself becoming steadily angry. A woman had picked up her phone and begun a loud conversation, which would last an unbelievable hour. Furious, Winston began to tweet about the woman. He took her picture and sent it to his more than 40,000 followers.

When the train arrived at its destination, Winston rushed out. He'd had enough of the

woman's rudeness. But the press were now waiting for her on the platform. And when they showed her Winston's messages, she used just one word to describe Winston's actions: rude.

Winston's tale is something of a microcosm(缩影) of our age of increasing rudeness, fueled by social media. What can we do to fix this?

Studies have shown that rudeness spreads quickly, almost like the common cold. Just witnessing rudeness makes it far more likely that we, in turn, will be rude later on. The only way to avoid it is to deal with it face to face. We must say, "Just stop." For Winston, that would have meant approaching the woman, telling her that her conversation was frustrating other passengers and politely asking her to speak more quietly or make the call at another time.

The rage and injustice we feel at the rude behavior of a stranger can drive us to do odd things. In my own research, surveying 2,000 adults, I discovered that the acts of revenge people had taken ranged from the ridiculous to the disturbing. Winston did shine a spotlight on the woman's behavior — but from afar, in a way that shamed her.

We must instead combat rudeness head on. When we see it occur in a store, we must step up and say something. If it happens to a colleague, we must point it out. We must defend strangers in the same way we'd defend our best friends. But we can do it with grace, by handling it without a trace of aggression and without being rude ourselves. Because once rude people can see their actions through the eyes of others, they are far more likely to end that strain themselves. As this tide of rudeness rises, civilization needs civility.

（1）What can you learn about Robert Winston from the passage?

A. He knows how to speak to rude people.

B. He behaved improperly and spoke loudly on the train.

C. He lost his temper due to other people's rudeness.

D. He reacted to a woman's rude behavior wrongly.

（2）What does "fueled by social media" mean in Paragraph 3?

A. Rude behavior is common on social media.

B. Rudeness can be avoided through social media.

C. People can easily get away through social media.

D. Social media may spread and cause rudeness.

（3）According to the writer, how should you respond when you meet rude people?

A. Record them and post it on the Internet.

B. Point it out in a polite and skillful way.

C. Do nothing but wait for other people to fix it.

D. Pay them back by doing equally disturbing things.

（4）Which of the following statement is true about the last paragraph?

A. We can only point out rudeness from familiar people.

B. Rudeness and manners can hardly coexist in civilized society.

C. Both strangers and acquaintances deserve our friendly warning.

D. Rude people can't see their rudeness through others' eyes.

【答案】（1）D

（2）D

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过温斯特对打电话这位粗鲁的女士曝光在媒体上的不当行为，提出了我们要用礼貌而巧妙的方式指出来生活中粗鲁的行为。（1）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“Winston did shine a spotlight on the woman's behavior —but from afar, in a way that shamed her. ”温斯顿确实把聚光灯对准了那个女人的行为——但从长远看，这是方式一种让她蒙羞。可推出，作者认为温斯顿的做法不正确。故选D。（2）考查句义猜测。根据第三段中的“Winston's tale is something of a mic rocosm(缩影) of our age of increasing rudeness”可知作者描述这个时代越来越粗鲁；再根据第四段中的“Studies have shown that rudeness spreads quickly, almost like the common cold. ”研究表明，粗鲁行为传播迅速，就像普通感冒一样。可知作者认为粗鲁行为传播很快。因此此处fuel 意为“加速”之意，故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“But we can do it with grac e, by handling it without a trace of aggression and without being rude ourselves. ”但我们可以优雅地做到这一点，处理它时不带一丝侵略性，自己也不粗鲁。可知，作者认为我们可以礼貌而巧妙的方式指出来粗鲁的行为和人。故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“We must defend strangers in the same way we'd defend our best friends. ”我们必须保护陌生人，就像保护我们最好的朋友一样。可知选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

Researchers in Australia have discovered an effective new method to capture the atmospheric carbon dioxide that is damaging our planet and transform it into something solid, making it much easier to store.

Carbon capture isn't new, but previous methods call for the gas to be compressed into liquid and then injected underground. Widespread usage of that technology has been locked by economic and environmental concerns due to possible leaks. Instead, in a study published in Nature Communications, the group details their sustainable and cost-effective plan for transforming CO2 into coal.

This new process involves a liquid metal catalyst(催化剂)that is efficient in conducting electricity. CO2gas is dissolved in a container with some liquid. Once electricity charge is introduced, the CO2 begins to turn into solid pieces of carbon, which can be collected and stored. What makes this particularly unique is that the entire process can occur at room temperature. Previous experiments have only shown a gas to solid conversion at extremely high temperature, which made it impossible on a large scale. Now, the researchers are hoping that their work will be used to create even further when it comes to carbon storage.

In an interesting side benefit, the solid carbon also works as an electrode(焊条), which opens up a world of possibilities. "A side benefit of the process is that the carbon can hold electrical

charge, becoming a super battery, so it could potentially be used as a part in future vehicles," explains Dr. Dorna Estrafilzadeh, a researcher. "The process also produces fuel as a by-product, which could also have industrial applications."

（1）What can we know about the previous carbon capture methods?

A. People have to inject liquid to the gas.

B. The previous methods can be done easily.

C. The previous methods are not very popular.

D. People have widely accepted previous methods.

（2）What is the special part of the new method?

A. It needs electricity to make the process efficient.

B. It can be done in any kind of container.

C. It doesn't need extreme temperature.

D. It can produce much solid carbon.

（3）What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. The method will make fossil oil disappear.

B. The method will influence the future industry.

C. The method will make developed countries more powerful.

D. The method will be used to make new vehicles.

（4）What is the best title for the passage?

A. How to change carbon into CO2.

B. A new carbon capture technology.

C. A new technology to get useful carbon.

D. Australia makes the world cleaner than before.

【答案】（1）C

（2）C

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种新的碳捕获技术的原理，优点和对未来工业的影响。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Widespread usage of that technology has been locked by economic and environmental concerns due to possible leaks.”可知之前技术的广泛应用受到了经济和环境方面的限制。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“What makes this particularly unique is that the entire pr ocess can occur at room temperature.”可知新技术独特的地方是整个过程可以在室温条件下进行。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“which opens up a world of possibilities；it could potentially be used as a part in future vehicles和which could also have industrial applications”可知这种技术的产物开辟了很多新的可能，可以被变成超级电池为未来车辆供能，过程中的副产品可以作为燃料应用到工业中，由此推测该技术会对未来的工业产生巨大影响。故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Researchers in Australia have discovered an effective new method to capture the atmospheric carbon dioxide ”和下文讲述的内容可知，本文主要介绍了一种新的碳捕获方法的原理和优点及其影响。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

Do you have a talented young artist, photographer, or designer in your life? It's never too early to start helping them get their work out there! We've rounded up the top art competitions for kids and teens that can help these young creators share their first masterpiece with the world. Most of them are totally free to enter!

Global Canvas Children's Art Competition

Ages: 16 and under Mediums: drawing, painting

Organized by the David Shepherd Wildlife Foundation, this art competition wants to inspire the next generation to be more mindful of how we take care of the earth. The judges are looking for artists to discover the wonderful places that wildlife calls home.

Toyota Dream Car Art Contest

Ages: 15 and under Mediums: drawing, painting

Time to design a dream car! Toyota wants to get junior artists thinking about what the future of transportation might look like. Prizes include a chance to tour one of the Toyota car plants and experience various aspects of Japanese culture.

Advena World Children's Art Competition

Ages: 15 and under Mediums: drawing, painting, photos and other original artworks

The competition aims to promote creativity and self-expression. Instead of a theme, it asks the participating artists to simply express their feelings—anything from sadness or joy to anger or excitement—through their chosen medium.

Progressive Young Artists Awards

Open to: high school and college students Mediums: drawing, painting, photograph, mixed media, sculpture

PYAA is all about expressing and celebrating progressive values. So, if there is a creative teen in your life who wants to do good in the world, sign him or her up for this art competition. The prize is a scholarship that winners can put forwards their post-secondary schooling.

（1）Which of the following favors the environment?

A. Advena World Children's Art Competition.

B. Global Canvas Children's Art Competition.

C. Toyota Dream Car Art Contest.

D. Progressive Young Artists Awards.

（2）What prize can the winner get at Toyota Dream Car Art Contest?

A. A dream car.

B. A scholarship.

C. A tour of a factory.

D. An amount of cash.（3）What is special about Advena World Children's Art Competition?

A. It has no fixed theme.

B. It has an entrance fee.

C. The prize is a scholarship.

D. Its participants are the youngest.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了有助于孩子展示艺术才华的四大比赛。（1）考查细节理解。根据Global Canvas Children's Art Competition部分中的“this art competition wants to inspire the next generation to be more mindful of how we take care of the earth.”可知，它的目的就是使下一代更加关注如何呵护地球环境。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Toyota Dream Car Art Contest部分中的“Prizes include a chance to tour one of the Toyota car plants and experience various aspects of Japanese culture.”可知，奖励包括游览丰田汽车工厂。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。纵观全文并进行细致比较可知Global Canvas Children's Art Competition关注的是地球环境；Toyota Dream Car Art Contest则着眼与未来的交通；Progressive Young Artists Awards围绕的是未来的价值观；唯有Advena World Children's Art Competition没有设置主题，这可以从Instead of a theme, it asks the participating artists to simply express their feelings—anything from sadness or joy to anger or excitement得知本比赛没有主题，只是让参加者表达他们的想法。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

One of my favorite hobbies is exchanging old-fashioned, paper-with-a-stamp-on-it postcards with random strangers around the world.

The Postcrossing Project was created by Paulo Magalhaes in 2005. He liked getting mails—especially postcards. He thought others did, too—but how could he connect with them? That's when he came up with the idea of an online platform (https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ec4534027.html,): There, postcard lovers like me can sign up to send a postcard to someone who has registered online, and receive a postcard in return.

Along with a randomly selected address, participants get a unique code to put on the postcard. When the postcard arrives, the recipient registers that code with the site, which then causes the sender's address to be given to another postcrosser in turn. In practice, this means that for nearly every postcard I send (a few get lost in the mail) I get one back. And since I never know who will send me a card or where in the world they live, every trip to the mailbox holds the potential for a wonderful surprise.

Privacy-conscious Americans might worry about sharing their address with strangers overseas. But postcrossers are friendly, polite, respectful folks—in more than 450 cards exchanged, I've yet to have a bad experience.

On days when the international news is depressing, postcrossing is my comfort. There's nothing like getting a card from a child in China just learning to write in English, or a grandmother in Belarus describing her most recent gardening success to remind me that we truly are members of one global family, far more similar than we are different.

It seems like such a small thing to send out a postcard. But as travel and communication technology continue to shrink the world, it's important to remember that it isn't just for diplomats and politicians to represent our country anymore. All of us have the power—and perhaps the responsibility—to be ambassadors, to show the best of your country to the world.

And it's good to know that what you need to accomplish this is not necessarily complicated or expensive. It can be as simple as a postcard.

（1）Why did Paulo set up https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ec4534027.html,?

A. To discuss personal hobbies with strangers.

B. To exchange postcards with others in the world

C. To collect different postcards from other countries.

D. To provide a platform for communication online.

（2）According to the passage, postcrossers __________.

A. don't know who will send them postcards

B. are sure to get a postcard back immediately

C. often choose a receiver's address carefully

D. register every postcard they receive online （3）What did the writer learn from postcrossing?

A. The international news is usually depressing.

B. Americans are more conscious about privacy.

C. Postcrossers sometimes describe their bad experience.

D. The whole world is actually a big family.

（4）What does the underlined word "this" refer to?

A. Choosing a diplomat to represent a country.

B. Having the responsibility to be an ambassador.

C. Showing the best of your country.

D. Shrinking the world with communication technology.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ec4534027.html,网站，一个可以让世界各地的陌生人交换老式的、带有邮票的明信片的网站，由Paulo Magalhaes 在2005年创立。文章说明了在这个网站和他人交换明信片的方式，以及作者认为这是一种能够向世界展示自己国家最好的一面的方式，而且它并不复杂也不昂贵。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“That's when he came up with the idea of an online platform (https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ec4534027.html,): There, postcard lovers like me can sign up to send a postcard to someone who has registered online, and receive a postcard in return.”就在那时，他想到了一个在线平台(https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ec4534027.html,):在那里，像我这样的明信片爱好者可以注册，向网上注册的用户发送明信片，并收到明信片作为回报。可知保罗建立了https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ec4534027.html,是为了和世界上的其他人交换明信片。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“And since I never know who will send me a card or where in the world they live, every trip to the mailbox holds the potential for a wonderful

surprise.”因为我不知道谁会给我寄贺卡，也不知道他们住在世界的什么地方，所以每次去邮箱都有可能带来惊喜。可知postcrosser并不知道谁会给他们寄明信片。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“There's nothing like getting a card from a child in China just learning to write in English, or a grandmother in Belarus describing her most recent gardening success to remind me that we truly are members of one global family, far more similar than we are different.”在中国，没有什么比收到孩子们寄来的贺卡更能提醒我，我们是同一个全球大家庭的一员，相似之处远远多于不同之处。）可知作者从postcrossing中认识整个世界实际上是一个大家庭。故选D。

（4）考查代词指代。根据倒数第二段中的“All of us have the power—and perhaps the responsibility—to be ambassadors, to show the best of your country to t he world.”我们所有人都有能力——或许也有责任——成为大使，向世界展示你们国家最好的一面。可知要向世界展示自己国家最好的一面，你需要做的并不复杂也不昂贵。故this指代“展示你国家最好的一面。”故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和代词指代两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．（2019?浙江）阅读理解

California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor（因素）.

The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.

Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）.

But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.

The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt（融雪）.

Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.

（1）What is the second paragraph mainly about?

A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.

B. The increasing variety of California big trees.

C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.

D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.

（2）Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?

A. Ecological studies of forests.

B. Banning woodcutting.

C. Limiting housing development.

D. Fire control measures.

（3）What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre?

A. Inadequate snowmelt.

B. A longer dry season.

C. A warmer climate.

D. Dampness of the air.

（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?

B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon.

C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?

D. Patrick Mclntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文属于议论文，围绕加利福尼亚的大树从20世纪30年代以来大量减少为主题，探讨出现这一现象的原因。

（1）段落大意题。第二段第一句 The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests 为主题句，意思是：在4.6万平方英里的加利福尼亚的森林中，直径超过2英尺的树木的数量已经减少了50%。所以本段主要介绍加州的树木损失的严重情况，故答案为A。

（2）细节理解题。题干中的 well-intentioned 意为“好意的”。根据第三段描述：伐木者对大树的砍伐、住房向森林里推进、对野火的控制使得小树与大树竞争资源都是导致大树减少的原因。控制野火的初衷是保护森林，但是却导致大树得不到足够的资源而死亡。故答案为D。

（3）细节理解题。将water shortage 定位在第五段，而Mclntyre 在最后一段，根据 the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air 可知，导致水源紧张的是上升的温度，造成树木将更多的水分散失到空气中。故答案为C。

（4）主旨大意题。文章的第一句是本文的主题句，文章围绕加利福尼亚大量的大树死亡展开，对大树数量减少的原因进行研究。故答案为A。

【点评】本文属于生态环保类文章，文章的首段第一句即为本文的主题句。阅读是紧扣主旨，快速浏览文章内容。答题时注意根据问题中的关键词在文章中定位，然后分析关键词所在句子的信息。

9．假定你是李华,收到英国笔友George的邮件,请你介绍中国家庭聚会的情况(饮食、时间、活动等)。请给他写一封邮件。

注意:⒈词数100左右；

⒉可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

Dear George,

Yours,

Li Hua 【答案】 Dear George,

Knowing that you're interested in what our Chinese family gatherings are like, I'm glad to introduce some of my experience with you.

We Chinese like to get together with our family very much, especially on important days such as festivals and birthdays. Most of the time, we bring gifts to the elders and the kids. Eating is one of the most necessary part of the gathering, which is usually prepared by family members together. Not only is the various food delicious but the time we spend making and enjoying it together is enjoyable. Adults chatting and children playing around, this is the typical scene of a happy family gathering.

Hope one day you can come and experience by yourself!

Yours,

Li Hua 【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以李华的身份给英国笔友George写一封邮件，介绍中国家庭聚会的情况(饮食、时间、活动等)。考生要认真阅读提示，列出提纲和要点，并以此为基础充分发挥自己的想象力，灵活运用英语知识，采用不同的表达方式将各要点完整地表述出来。写作时注意时态、语态的合理运用，主次分明，同时应选用合适的连接词或过渡词，适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：Knowing that you're interested in what our Chinese family gatherings are like, I'm glad to introduce some of my experience with you.运用了现在分词作原因状语和宾语从句；Eating is one of the most necessary part of the gathering, which is usually prepared by family members together. 运用了非限制性定语从句；Not only is the various food delicious but the time we spend making and enjoying it together is enjoyable. 运用了倒装句，并列句和限制性定语从句；Hope one day you can come and experience by yourself!运用了祈使句和并列句。

10．阅读理解

As the President of Ariel Investments, I am often asked how to cultivate (培养) green hands to

be qualified for a new job within a short time. My memories take me straight back to the days when I worked for John W. Rogers.

While in college, I worked as an intern (实习生) at Ariel Investments. As the youngest girl of six kids from a single mom, I had very little knowledge of the business world. When I graduated, I decided to return to the company to improve myself.

At the age of 22, my perspective was greatly influenced by lunching with the company's founder and then-president, John W. Rogers. He told me that I would often find myself in the company of rich and successful people with big titles, lots of degrees and lots of experience. And yet, my ideas could still be as good or even better, he said. This early advice became the guiding force that has helped me throughout my entire career. When I was starting out, I thought my inexperience was holding me back, but John said that it was a good thing. He told me that being inexperienced means that you have a fresh point of view.

As my tutor, John encouraged me to be brave. As my boss, he took some giant leaps of faith to support me. Because of our first lunch and the years of support that followed, I never thought twice about speaking up, raising my hand or taking a seat at the table. Staying in the background was never a choice. But John's advice came with one important warning. I needed to keep my attitude in check. It's one thing to be firm but quite another to be rude. Similarly, there is a fine line between confidence and overconfidence. With that in mind, I have had to learn to balance the way I act around others. As someone once told me, "the goal is to be non-threatened and non-threatening at the same time."

（1）What can we learn about the author from the text?

A.She went to Ariel Investments after graduation for practice.

B.She made her voice heard with encouragement from her boss.

C.Her miserable childhood had a negative effect on her work.

D.Her performance during internship was highly praised in public.

（2）Due to John W. Rogers' advice, the author_______.

A.learned to strike a balance between work and life

B.contributed her ideas only after listening to others'

C.no longer felt lost and became aware of her own value

D.switched to a different company to display her talent

（3）What can be a suitable title for the text?

A.Keep Your Attitude under Control.

B.Encourage Your Employees to Grow.

C.Let Your Success Be Your Noise.

D.Live a Life with a High Goal.

（4）Who would probably benefit most from this article?

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ec4534027.html,pany bosses.

B.Those new to a job.

C.Business consultants.

D.Experienced teammates.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作为实习生，作者在实习期间受到公司的创始人、董事长John W. Rogers深深地影响，John W. Rogers鼓励作者要敢于思考、发表自己的想法，也鼓励作者要勇敢，因为John W. Rogers，作者也学习到"要有锋芒却不伤人"。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"At the age of 22, my perspective was greatly influenced by lunching with the company's founder and then-president, John W. Rogers."作者22岁时的想法被John W. Rogers极大地影响，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"my ideas could still be as good or even better, he said. This early advice became the guiding force that has helped me throughout my entire career." John W. Rogers说作者的想法可以很好甚至可以更好，这些建议对于作者整个职业生涯造成了非常大的影响，这些影响使得作者不再感到迷茫，同时也开始意识到自己的价值。故选C。

（3）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的"‘With that in mind, I have had to learn to balance the way I act around others. As someone once told me, ’the goal is to be non-threatened and non-threatening at the same time. "可知，作者通过自己的经历告诉读者，要平衡自信与自负之间的关系，而且曾经有人告诉作者"要有锋芒，但也不要伤人"，即能控制自己的态度，总结概括了文章的主旨。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。第一段提到作者非常擅长培养新手，同时作者也回忆了自己在做实习生时的上司对作者的指导，这些对于刚入职场的人而言都是非常好的工作经验，因此这篇文章特别适合职场新手。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

11．阅读理解

While small may be beautiful, tall is just plain uncomfortable it seems, particularly when it comes to staying in hotels and eating in restaurants.

The Tall Persons Club Great Britain (TPCGB), which was formed six months ago to campaign for the needs of the tall, has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants. Beds that are too small, shower heads that are too low, and restaurant tables with hardly any leg-room all make life difficult for those of above average height, it says.

But it is not just the extra-tall whose needs are not being met. The average height of the population has been increasing yet the standard size of beds, doorways, and chairs has remained unchanged.

"The bedding industry says a bed should be six inches larger than the person using it, so even a king-size bed at 6′6″ (6 feet and 6 inches) is falling short for 25% of men, while the standard 6′3″ bed caters for less than half of the male population." Said TPCGB president Phil Heinricy, "seven-foot beds would work fine."

Similarly, restaurant tables can cause no end of problems. Small tables, which mean the long-legged have to sit a foot or so away from them, are enough to make tall customers go elsewhere.

Some have already taken note, however. At Queens Moat Houses′ Caledoman Hotel in Edinburgh, 6′6″ beds are now put in as standard after requests for longer beds from taller visitors, particularly Americans.

（1）What is the purpose of the TPCGB campaign?

A. To provide better services.

B. To rebuild hotels and restaurants.

C. To draw public attention to the needs of the tall.

D. To attract more people to become its members.

（2）Which of the following might be a bed of proper length according to Phil Heinricy? A. 7′2″. B. 7′ C. 6′6″ D. 6′3″

（3）What may happen to restaurants with small tables?

A. They may lose some customers.

B. They may start businesses elsewhere.

C. They have to find easy chairs to match the tables.

D. They have to provide enough space for the long-legged.

（4）What change has already been made in a hotel in Edinburgh?

A. Tall people pay more for larger beds.

B. 6′6″beds have taken the place of 6′3″beds.

C. Special rooms are kept for Americans.

D. Guest rooms are standardized.

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述一个英国的高个子组织TPCGP在六个月以前向宾馆和酒店发起的针对高个子的一些特殊需求的活动。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“which was formed six months ago to campaign for the needs of the tall, has turned its attention to hotels and re staurants.” 可知TPCGP是为了让公众注意高个子的一些特殊需求。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“Said TPCGB president Phil Heinricy, ‘seven-foot beds would work fine. ’”Tpcgb 总裁Phil Heinricy, 说，七英尺的床就够了可知选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段可知，如果饭店使用小的桌子，自然就失去了高个子这样一类群体的顾客。选A。

（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“6′6″be ds are now put in as standard after requests for longer beds from taller visitors, particularly Americans. ”在高个子游客要求更长的床位后，6′6床位现在被作为标准放置，尤其是美国人，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

12．阅读理解

Traveling Tips

No Smoking

Federal and State Government Regulations do not allow you to smoke on board express coaches within Australia.

Luggage Allowance

As a fare paying customer you are entitled to take 2 pieces of personal luggage. Each must not exceed 75 cm in length, or weigh more than 20kg.

Excess luggage will be carried at the company's excess luggage rate and depending on space availability may be required to be carried on another coach.

Luggage Tips

1) Keep your valuables with you. Money, jewellery, valuable documents, credit cards, keys, medications should be retained by you and not on the coach at meal or transport stops.

2) Use sturdy, lockable luggage. Do not use plastic bags as these may split during the transit.

3) Make sure you identify your luggage with a name tag.

4) Backpacks—stow all items and do not leave mugs, shoes, towels hanging off your backpack as these can get caught in other luggage and cause damage.

Departure Times

The time shown on your ticket is the coach departure time. If you are boarding halfway and not at a travel centre or terminal you should be at the pick up point 15 minutes ahead of this time, so you can be comfortably on board by the time the coach is due to leave. If you are boarding at a travel centre or terminal, please arrive at least 20 minutes prior to the published departure time and remember to allow extra time at peak travel times.

Dress Requirements

As a courtesy, and so as not to offend fellow travelers, a reasonable standard of clothing and footwear is required.

（1）As a traveler, you can_____.

A.take the luggage 75 cm in length and 20kg in weight only

B.leave valuable belongings on coach when going for meals

C.identify your luggage by attaching a name tag to it

D.leave the mugs and shoes hanging off the backpack

（2）Among the following traveling tips, which one is true?

A.Smoking is strictly forbidden all over the places within Australia.

B.Plastic bags should be avoided in case of split during the transit.

C.15 minutes ahead of the departure time should be guaranteed.

D.Standards of dress requirements have been specifically listed.

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了旅行列出五个建议，并就每个建议进行了说

（1）考查细节理解。根据第三个建议Luggage Tips中的“Make sure you identify your l uggage with a name tag.”可知，确保你的行李上有姓名标签，也就是在行李上贴上姓名标签以识别你的行李，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三个建议 Luggage Tips中的“Do not use plastic bags as these may split during the transit.”可知，不要使用塑料袋，因为塑料袋可能会在运输过程中裂开，所以在运输过程中避免使用塑料袋以防裂开。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇旅游类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

13．阅读理解

Eating red meat is linked to cancer and heart disease, but are the risks big enough to justify giving up juicy burgers and delicious steaks? Probably not, according to researchers who reviewed data from 12 clinical trials involving about 54,000 people. In a series of controversial papers, the researchers argue that the increased health risks tied to red meat are small and uncertain, and that cutting back likely wouldn't be worth it for people who enjoy meat.

Those conclusions go against established medical advice. They were swiftly attacked by a group of famous U.S. scientists who took the unusual step of trying to stop the papers from being published until their criticisms were addressed.

The new work does not say red or processed meats like hot dogs and bacon are healthy, or that people should eat more of them. The team's reviews of past studies generally support the ties to cancer, heart disease and other bad health outcomes. But the authors say the evidence is weak, and that there's not much certainty meat is really the cause, since other diet and lifestyle factors could be at play.

If the latest example of how divisive nutrition research has become, with its uncertainties leaving the door open for conflicting advice. Critics say findings often aren't backed by strong evidence. Defenders counter that nutrition studies can rarely be conclusive because of the difficulty of measuring the effects of any single food, but that methods have improved.

Based on their analyses, the researchers said people do not have to cut back for health reasons. But they noted that their own advice is weak, and acknowledged that they didn't consider factors such as animal welfare and the environment. Indeed, the case that meat production is bad for animal welfare and the environment is stronger than the case that it's bad for human health, according to an editorial that accompanies the report.

Not all of the report authors agreed with its conclusions. Three of the 14 researchers said they support reducing red and processed meats. A coauthor of one of the reviews is also among those who called for a publication delay.

Those who pushed to postpone publication also questioned why certain studies were included in the reviews while others were left out.

As for his own diet, Dr. Gordon Guyatt, a member of the international research team that conducted the reviews, said he no longer thinks red or processed meats have significant health risks. But he said he still avoids them out of habit, and for animal welfare and environmental

（1）What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?

A.To introduce a new relationship between health and eating red meat.

B.To urge more people to keep away from eating red meat regularly.

C.To present a new controversial view on impacts of eating red meat.

D.To criticize nutrition studies for lacking of conclusive evidence.

（2）What is the author's attitude towards the new research?

A.Doubtful.

B.Positive.

C.Disapproving.

D.Objective.

（3）Guyatt's avoiding red meats has the weakest connection with_______.

A.health risks

B.diet habits

C.animal welfare

D.environmental protection

（4）What can we learn from the recent research?

A.Red meats don't have significant health risks.

B.Reducing meat consumption will be worth it.

C.The report authors have reached a consensus.

D.Consuming red meat will do good to health.

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者对于吃红肉是否与癌症和心脏病有关引用了研究发现、结果、例子等客观数据和事实来写这篇文章。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Eating red meat is linked to cancer and heart disease, but are the risks big enough to justify giving up juicy burgers and delicious steaks? Probably not, according to researchers...”可知，吃红肉与癌症和心脏病有关，但是否这些风险大到足以让你放弃多汁的汉堡和美味的牛排呢？根据研究人员研究发现，答案是不一定，引导出了一个关于吃红肉有争议的新观点，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据“according to researchers who reviewed data”，“ the researchers argue that”，“ Those conclusions go against established medical advice”，“ The team's reviews of past studies”“ the latest example”，“ Based on their analyses”等等，可知作者主要引用研究发现、结果、例子等客观数据和事实来写这篇文章，可知作者对新研究的态度是客观的，故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“But he said he still avoids them out of habit, and for animal welfare and environmental reasons.”但他说避免吃红肉是出于习惯，也是为了保护动物福利和环境，没有说是健康风险问题，可以判断Guyatt避免吃红肉与健康风险的关系最

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