科技英语翻译
Unit 1
【Text A】
1.在历时四年的研究中，科学家调查了地球上的许多生境、物种以及将它们联系起来的生态体系。
For four years the scientists examined the planet’s many habitats and species and the systems that bind them together.
2.《千年生态系统评估综合报告》为人们提供了认识生态系统经济价值的全新视角，也为人们尊重和保护地球的生命支持体系提供了新的论据。
The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Synthesis Report gives people a new insight into the economic importance of ecosystem services and some new and additional arguments for respecting and conserving the Earth’s life-support system.
3.科学家认为，水文系统的改变可能导致破坏性洪灾的发生更加频繁和严重。
According to the scientists, changes to water systems may increase the frequency and severity of destructive floods.
4.从经济角度看，与那些被用于商业开发的生态系统相比，很多原始生态系统的价值更高。From an economic perspective, compared with the ecosystems altered for commercial use, many intact ones are more valuable.
5.如何在利用地球生态系统提高人类生活水平的同时，缓解该系统所承受的压力，完全取决人类社会。
It lies within the power of human societies to ease the strain we are putting on the nature services of the planet, while continuing to use them to bring better living standards to all.
【EST】无
Unit 2
【Text A】
1.地球上的石油和天然气供应能维持多久，科学家和企业界人士对此各持己见。Scientists and industry experts may disagree over how long the world’s supply of oil and nature gas will last.
2.一般来说，再生能源比传统生产的能源要贵些，然而替代能源有助于减少污染，保护矿物燃料。
While renewable energy is generally more expensive than conventionally produced supplies, alternative power helps to reduce pollution and to conserve fossil fuels.
3.如今在市场上，传统的光感太阳能装置能把11%至13%的阳光转化成能源。Most traditional photovoltaic [f??t??v???k] solar units on the market today convert between 11 and 13 percent of the sun’s light into energy.
4.与其他可再生能源相比，风力产生的能源比传统能源每千瓦时便宜4美分。Compared to other renewable energy sources, wind power competes with conventional energy at a price less than 4 cents per kilowatt-hour. ['k?l?w?t]
5.虽然在美国几乎没有家庭利用风力发电，但许多能源公司允许消费者选择风力发电厂或其他再生能源产生的电力。
While few homes generate their own wind power in the U.S., many power companies allow consumers to opt for power generated at a wind plant or other renewable source.
【EST】phrase
1. a doctor engaged in the research of aeromedicine
一位从事航空医学研究的医生
2. measures to prevent cybercrime
防止计算机犯罪的措施
3. a new type of defroster
一种新型除霜器
4. a toy powered by photocells
一个用光电池驱动的玩具
5. a car equipped with an autoalarm
一辆装有自动报警器的汽车
6. soundproof material
隔音材料
7. a widely applied pesticide
一种广泛使用的杀虫剂
8. an experiment with radiocarbon
用放射性碳做的实验
9. the development of telecommunication
电信业的发展
10. a multi-purpose machine tool
一台通用机床
Unit 3
【EST】
1. It is obvious that resistance is responsible for heating and lighting effects of many common household appliances.
很明显，许多家用电器的加热和照明作用都依靠电阻。
2. Unless the gas is confined in a rigid container, it will expand, as may be illustrated with a heated balloon.
气体如果不封闭在刚性的容器内就会膨胀，受热的气球便可说明这一现象。3. A chemical change is one in which the structure of particles is changed and a new substance is formed.
在化学变化中，粒子结构发生变化，生成新的物质。
4. This rapid development of electrical devices and the resulting industry took place during the 19th century, when the nature of electricity was not completely understood. 19世纪，电力设备以及由此而兴起的工业得到迅速发展，而当时人们对电的性质还不完全了解。
5. Due care must be taken to ensure that the pulse signal itself shall show no irregularities and no interruptions.
应注意保证脉冲信号本身不出现不规则现象和中断现象。
6. It may be safely said that many other materials besides amber could be charged by rubbing.
可以有把握的说，除了琥珀以外，许多其他物质通过摩擦也能带电。
Unit 5
1.除此之外还有迅速增加的嵌入式电脑（即那些用于移动电话、加油泵和零售点计价系统中的电脑），其功能和复杂性正迅速接近台式电脑。
Add to this the exploding number of embedded computers—the kind found in mobile phones, gas pumps and retail point-of-sale systems—which are fast approaching the power and complexity of desktop PCs.
2.这种情景与几年前形成了鲜明的对比，那时计算机大多是摆在书房或者客厅一角的被动的电器。
This scenario is in sharp contrast to the computers of just a few years ago, which were still mostly passive appliances that sat in the corner of the den or living room.
3.当人们发现了更多的方法将这些价格低廉、灵活而且可以按各种需要定制的设备融入他们的生活时，计算机本身就逐渐“消失”在我们的生活之中了。
As people find more ways to incorporate these inexpensive, flexible and infinitely customisable devices into their lives, the computers themselves will gradually ―disappear‖ into the fabric of our lives.
4.现在我们离充满无形的智能化机器的世界还很遥远，但是十年之后计算机的使用将变得如此自然，我们可能会越来越难以注意到它。
We are still a long way from a world full of disembodied intelligent machines, but the computing experience of the coming decade will be so seamless and intuitive that –increasingly –we will barely notice that.
5.便宜、灵活的显示器、小如指甲但却容量达上千G的MEM芯片，这些新的技术将会使计算机更加普及。
The pervasiveness and near-invisibility of computing will be helped along by new technologies such as cheap, flexible displays, fingernail-sized MEMs chips capable of storing terabytes of data.
【EST】
1. The above the theorems and laws hold true for DC as well as for AC circuits.
上述定理和定律不但对直流电路而言是正确的，对交流电路而言也同样是正确的。
2. In the United States the customary voltage for household use has become 110-120 V since it was discovered that higher voltages could cause fatal accidents.
美国通常的家用电压时110-120伏，因为人们发现更高的电压会造成致命的事故。
3. The Model 4500 Panel printer, as the machine is called, can make one-inch-thick, color LCD screens up to 18 inches diagonal in size.
4500型平板印刷机（人们给该机器取的名字）能够生产1英寸厚的18英寸彩色液晶显示屏。
4. This generator can produce steam at a rate of 200,000 1b/hour.
该发生器每小时产生蒸汽20万磅。
5. The structure of the ionosphere is variable and this means that the frequency limits for HF radio communications fluctuates.
电离层的结构是变化的，这就意味着，高频无线电通信的频率极限也是变化的。
Unit 6
1.其中一个机器人的移动效率如此之高，也许将来它可以连续行走一天，而不像现在大多数的机器人每隔二、三十分钟就得充电或添加燃料。
One of the robots moves so efficiently that in the future it may be able to amble along for a day, not the 20 or 30 minutes most robots now manage without recharging or refueling.
2.波士顿力学研究所是一家专门从事人工模仿的软件工程公司。该研究所的所长说，被动力学设计原则对将来的机器人的开发将是很重要的。
President of Boston Dynamics, a software engineering company that specializes in human simulation, said that the principles of passive-dynamic design would be important for future robot generations.
3.如果人们能够正确处理好机械结构，比如调整腿的上、下两部分的重量和长度来模仿自然行走的力学原理，那么机器人的腿就会按照物理原学的规律正确运动。
If you make the mechanical structures right, for example, adjusting the mass and length of the upper and lower legs to mimic the natural dynamics of walking , the legs do the right thing from physics.
4.康奈尔大学制造的机器人在前进时用的能量非常少，主要是因为其被动力学设计强调重力和惯性的自然相互作用，而将控制和驱动力降至最低限度。Cornell’s robot uses very little energy to walk forward, mainly because its passive-dynamic design emphasizes the natural interaction of gravity and inertia and minimizes the role of control and actuation.
5,科林斯先生希望能把从开发康奈尔机器人所获得的灵感用于他所从事的肢体修复的工作。
Mr. Collins hopes to use the insights gained in building the Cornell robot in work he is doing on prostheses.
【EST】
1. A telescope is a device (which is) used for making distant objects look nearer and larger, using a combination of lenses.
望远镜是一种通过镜头组合，将远处的物体拉近、放大的仪器。
2. The whale is a large marine mammal of the order of Cetacea which has a fishlike body, forelimbs modified into flippers, and a horizontally flattened head.
鲸是一种大型海洋哺乳动物，属鲸目，身体似鱼，前肢已转化为鳍状肢，头呈扁平状。
3. Photosynthesis is process through which complex organic materials, especially carbohydrates, are synthesized from carbon dioxide, water, and inorganic salts using sunlight as the source of energy and with the aid of a catalyst.
光合作用是一种由二氧化碳、水、无机盐合成而形成有机合成物（特别是碳水化合物）的过程，该过程利用阳光作为能源，并有催化剂（如叶绿素）参与其中。
4. DNA can be defined as the chemical at the center of the cells of living things which controls the structure and purpose of each cell and carries genetic information.
脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）可定义为一种化学物质，位于生物细胞的中心，对每一个细胞的结构和活动目的进行控制，并在其繁殖过程中起携带遗传信息的作用。
Unit 11
【Text A】
1.技术是一个社会所拥有的、能够用于制造工具或搜集材料的知识。Technology is the knowledge a society has that can can be applied to making implements or to collecting materials.
2.虽然世界上不同的社会拥有不同的技术，但依然可根据其使用的技术而对它们进行分类。即使同一个国家中（如当今的印尼）使用不同的技术，情况与此。Although different societies aruond the globe have different tochnologies, each can still be categorized on the basis of the tecnology it uses, even when within a single country, such as modern Indonesia, several different technologies are used.
3.今天，虽然仍有一些发现能导致技术的革新，但即使这些发现也常常是再有科学知识的背景下作出的。
Aithough there are still discoveries that lead to innovations in technology, today even those are most often made in the context of scientific knowledge.
4.人类之外的动物做出的最大的成就当属水獭筑的坝，尽管像昆虫的建筑一样，水獭筑坝至少部分是出于本能。
The greatest technological feat of mammals other than humans is the beaver dam, ahthough this seems, like the constructions of insects, to be at least partly instinctive.
5.然而，这条从一次性工具到宇宙飞船的发展道路既漫长又曲折迂回。
The path from the nonce tools to the space shuttle, however, was long and filled with periods of advance as well as periods of decline.
【EST】
1.Placing sugar in hot coffee causes it to dissolve.
将糖加入热咖啡会使糖溶化。
2.Placing litmus paper in an acid will results in the change of the color of the litmus paper.
将石蕊试纸放在酸液中会改变试纸的颜色。
3.Ice is not as dense as water and it therefore floats.
冰的密度比水小，因此能够浮在水面上。
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e04691780.html,ser is the most powerful drilling machine, because there is nothing on earth which can not be drilled by it.
激光器是打孔能力最强的钻床，因为它能给地球上任何物体钻孔。
5.Since the electric and magnetic vectors of an electromagnetic wave are perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave, it follows that the wavefronts of the various waves are the planes containing the electric and magnetic vectors.
由于电池波的电、磁矢量垂直于波的传播方向，因此，这些不同波的波阵面都包含这些电、磁矢量的平面。
6.Hardened steel is too hard and too brittle for many tools.
淬火钢太硬太脆，因此许多道具不能用它制造。
7.Receiver noise temperatures were so high that the other noise components seemed insignificant.
由于接收机噪音温度提高，因此其他噪音分量均显得无足轻重了。
8.Reflectors are located so closely to each other that echoes overlap, resulting in the single continuous echo signal train.
由于反射器彼此机密相连，因此反射波重叠，行程单一连续的反射信号串。
Unit 12
【Text A】
1.在医学院校睡眠科学往往得不到重视，许多医生想不到对（病人的）这些问题进行诊断。
Sleep science is often neglected in medical school and many doctors don’t think to look for these problems.
2.最近对交通事故的调查表明，开车时打瞌睡的司机又近一半是25岁一下的年轻人。
In one recent study of car accidents, nearly half of all drivers who fell asleep at the wheel were younger than 25.
3.那些在儿童期就养成良好睡眠习惯青少年出现睡眠问题的可能性较小，即使他们开始上课的时间是黎明。
Teens who’ve learned good sleep habits as younger children are less likely to run into trouble---- even if their classes start at dawn.
4.根据不同年龄，多达12%的儿童有可能打鼾，这倒不一定是个问题。Depending on the age, as many as 12 percent of children may snore, which is not necessarily a concern.
5.一个星期（即使）只缺几个小时的睡眠，影响也是很大的。
Losing just a few hours of sleep a week makes a big difference.
【EST】
?例句
1. The government is helping an American consortium to develop a ten-inch
field-emitter display, proving a third of the project’s ＄67-million budget.
政府现正在帮助美国的一个国际财团开发10英寸的场致发射显像管，提供该项目6700万美元预算的1/3的经费。
2. Computer models suggest that on a smoggy summer afternoon at rush hours, PremAir on every car could lower ozone level by six to eight parts per billion.
计算机模拟表明，在多烟雾的夏季，下午交通高峰时每辆汽车上的臭氧消除装置会降低臭氧含量6/10^9至8/10^9。
3. Because the natural-gas generator burns fuel continuously, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions would be one-fiftieth those of vehicles with internal-combustion engines.
由于这种天燃气发电机不间断的燃烧，所以一氧化碳和碳氢化合物的排放量只是使用内燃发电机车辆排放量的1/150。
4. The hydraulic drive loses about 20 percent of its power to friction, according to its inventor, Frank Walker.
根据发明者费兰克·沃克尔说，这套液压驱动装置通过摩擦，大约要损耗其自身能量的20%。
5.This approach increased the efficiency of the device from 21 percent to 53 percent. 这种方法是该仪器的效率从21%提高到53%。
6.Originally designed for laundry facilities, this boiler achieves an impressive 95 percent efficiency because it heats the water directly.
这种原先为洗衣房设计的锅炉因直接给水加热，效率高达95%，令人瞩目。7.The maximum headroom of the passage is 2.2m, and the vehicles of more than this height are not allowed to use this passage.
此通道的最大净空高度为2.2米，凡超过此高度的车辆一律不准通过此通道。
8.The road rises to 2288 meters above sea level.
这条路达海拔2288米。
9.When a gust strikes the A3XX’s 260-foot wing, movable control surfaces will prevent it from flexing like a giant spring.
当A3XX机260英尺长的机翼受大风猛击时，活动式控制面就会起作用，防止机翼像一只巨大的弹簧那样扭曲。
10.They need a metal container measuring 3 meters in length, 2 meters in width, and 1.5 meters in height.
他们需要一只长宽高分别为3米，2米，1.5米的金属箱。
11.The surface of the worktable is 6 feet(wide) by 10 feet(long).
工作台的表面宽6英尺长10英尺。
12.Enough air passes through the radiators of the cars to fill a basin of 6600 square miles(17200 square km) to a depth of nearly 20feet(6meters).
通过这些车内的散热器释放的气体足以充满一个6600平方英里（相当于17200平方公里）、深挖将近20英尺（6米）的池子。
13.Sound travels at 331.7 meters per second.
声速为每秒331.7米。
14.Running on the generator alone, the vehicle could maintain a speed of 60 mph on level ground.
单靠这台发电机，在平地上车速能维持在每小时60英里。
15.The receiver will wake up at a scheduled intervals to receive data, much like a modem, at 9600 bits per second.
该接收机只是在设定的时间醒来，而且非常像调制解调器，以每秒9600比特的速度接收信息。
16.This one-two propulsion punch delivers an average cruising speed of 45 knots with 50-plus-knots bursts of speed.
双发动机配置可使该舰平均中等时速达45海里，顶级时速达50海里以上。17. A burner inside the generator ignites a mixture of air and natural gas, heating a ceramic tube to more than 1400℃.
发电机内部的燃烧室点燃空气和天然气的混合气体，把陶瓷管加温到1400摄氏度以上。
18.The vehicle is driven by pressure released when cold liquid nitrogen heated by outside air passes its minus 320?F boiling point and becomes a gas.
这种汽车的动力来自低温的液氮温度在外部空气作用下升高，超过其华氏零下
320度的临界点汽化时向外释放的压力。
19.The 8-ton dinosaur was an estimated 3tons heavier than T.rex, and about 2 feet longer.
该恐龙体重达8吨，大约比霸王龙重3吨，而且比霸王龙长约2英尺。
?课后练习
20.The car will accelerate from stop to 60 miles per hour in 4.5 second.
这辆汽车从静止状态加速至每小时60英里需要4.5秒。
21.Light travels 186300 miles in a second.
光速为每秒186300英里。
22.Doctors’ prescribing records may seem more accurate, yet studies have shown that as few as one-quarter of patients actually take the pills the physicians prescribe.
医生的处方记录也许会更加准确，然而研究表明真正服用医生所开药物的患者仅有1/4。
23.This kind of mycotoxin(青霉素) affects some species at an intake of a few parts per million.
这种真菌毒素对于某些物种来说，只要吸收十亿分之几就会产生影响。
24.In the U.S. we spend about ＄40 for factory installed seat belts in nearly ten million automobiles per year for a total cost of ＄400million.
在美国，我们每年为近1000万辆汽车在出产前安装价值40美元的安全带，总价值为4亿美元。
Unit 13
【Text A】
1.科学家们发现大脑中位于太阳穴附近的复侧前额叶皮层是处理空间信息的区域，这些信息与我们即将进行的动作有关。
The scientists found that an area of the brain called the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, located near our temples,processes spatial information---information related o movements that we are about to make.
2.为了确定大脑哪些区域能最有效地控制我们的行动，研究者们通常关注那些直接与身体部位相关的胸部区域，而不是大脑中负责计划阶段的区域，例如前额叶皮层。
To identify the brain areas that could best control movements, researchers have usually focused on the areas of the brain directly responsible for the movement of body parts, not the planning stages of the brain, such as the prefrontal cortex.
3.为了确认癫痫的发作与大脑中的哪些区域有关，神经科医生在病人的腹侧前额叶皮层内植入了电极。
Trying to identify the brain areas where the seizures occurred, the neurosurgeon implanted electrodes into the patients’ ventrolateral prefrontal cortex.
4.更多的研究表明大脑中负责物体和空间处理的区域是紧密相关的。
There is more research showing that the brain areas dedicated to abject and spatial processing actually have a lot of interconnections with each other.
5.我们认为运动计划区域对于脊椎受损后的病理性重组更具有抵抗能力，而我们已知基本运动皮层的神经在经受这样的伤害后会死亡。
We believe that motor-planning area will be more resistant to pathological reorganization after spatial injury, as it is already known that neurons in primary motor cortex die after such injuries.
【EST】数学用语
Unit 14
【Text A】
1.如果1纳米大约有一个针头那么宽，那么1米的距离将会从华盛顿到亚特兰大那么远，即1000公里。
If 1 nanometer was roughly the width of a pinhead, then 1 meter on this scale would stretch the entire distance from Washington,DC to Atlanta----around 1000 kilometers.
2.要想使纳米技术免遭转基因生物体所受到的同样的攻击，最好的办法就是对纳米技术的发展和未来进行公开的辩论。
An open public debate on the development and future of nanotechnology may be the best way to stop it becoming embroiled in the same kind of furore that has surrounded GM organisms.
3.短期看来，纳米技术带来的最大进步体现在新型的医学设备和医疗过程。
In the short term, the greatest advances through nanotechnology will come in the form of novel medical devices and processes.
4.尽管纳米技术在商业领域尚未得到广泛应用，但它已招致环保组织的谴责，他们担心该技术会对人类健康和环境带来无法预知的威胁。
Despite the fact that it still has relatively few commercial applications,nanotechnology has generated criticism from environment groups who fear as-yet-unknown ricks to human health and the environment.
5.在军事技术方面，政府正投入大量基金开发新型轻便设备和武器。
In military technology, governments are splashing cash on developing new, lightweight equipment and weapons.
【EST】
?例句
1. The sun is 330000 times as large as the earth.
太阳的体积是地球的330000倍。
2. If fired simultaneously,the 4032 capacitors would produce for a few microseconds
twice as much as that generated elsewhere on earth.
若4032只电容器同时放电，在几微秒钟内可能发出相当于世界发电量两倍的电流。
3.Segment AB must be 10 to 15 times longer than segment CD.
线段AB必须是线段CD的10至15倍那么长。
4.The output of vinylon for 1998 was 20 times over that for 1988.
1998年的维尼涤纶产量是1988年的20倍。
5.The automakers and researchers have been collaborating to create a vehicle with three times the fuel efficiency of current automobiles.
汽车制造商与研究人员正共同努力制造一种汽车，其燃料使用效率要比目前使用汽车的效率高两倍。
6.The fireball reached a peak brightness of magnitude of 18 about 100 times brighter than the full moon.
这颗火流星最大亮度达到18度，大约是满月亮度的100倍。
7. The Venus atmosphere was huge with pressure more than 100 times that at the surface of the earth.
水星具有很厚大气层，其压力实地球表面大气压的100多倍。
8. Other high-efficiency lasers are hundreds of times more powerful,so they would overload fiber-optic system and waste energy.
其他类型的激光器功率都比这大几百倍，回事光纤系统过载而且浪费能量。9. The speed of the new machine exceeds that of the old one by a factor of 2.5.
新机器的速度是旧机器速度的2.5倍。
10. The number of the people who use computers in this country has increased five times.
在这个国家使用计算机的人数增长了4倍。
11. The production of family cars has increased to 4 times this year.
今年家庭轿车的产量增加了3倍。
12. Cause of leukemia in the area near the nuclear reactor have risen by a factor of 4. 再建有核反应堆的地区附近，患白血病的人数增加了3倍。
13. Owing to the natural disaster, the output of apples was decreased 3 times.
由于自然灾害，苹果的产量减少了2/3.
14. The construction of the recycling facilities will reduce the volume of contaminated water by five times.
循环利用设备的修建将使污水量减少4/5。
15. Line AB is three times shorter than Line CD.
线段AB是线段CD的1/3.
16. According to the report, this device may reduce noise by a factor of 10.
根据该报告，这种仪器可将噪音减少到原来的1/10。
17. The cost of building new Laboratories has double(trebled/quadrupled) over the past few years.
建设新实验室的费用这几年涨了一倍（两倍/三倍）。
18. They have quadrupled the production in two years.
他们是产量在两年中翻了两番。
20. The red car runs as fast again as the blue one.
红色汽车比蓝色汽车的速度快了一倍。
21. The actual amount of oil in this area is again as much as what was estimated.
该地区的石油储量比原先估计的多一倍。
22. Under normal conditions, the weight of this metal is half as much again as that one.
在正常情况下，这种金属的重量是那种的一倍半。
23. The new material is half as heavy as the old one.
新材料的重量只有旧材料的一半。
?课后练习
1.集成电路的产量比去年增加了两倍。
The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year.
2.这些机器的效率已提高了2倍多。
The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled.
3.这种纸比普通纸要薄一半。
This kind of paper is twice thinner than ordinary paper.
4. 该设备将误差降低了4/5。
The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5.
5. 氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16。
The hydrogen atom is about 16 times lighter than the oxygen atom.
Unit 15
【EST】
1.The instruments need to be sterilized.
这些机械需要消毒。
2.There are several factors to be considered.
有几个因素需要考虑。
3.These crops are liable to be attacked by pests.
这些农作物易受害虫破坏。
4.New techniques have been developed by the research department.
新技术已由研究部门开发出来。
5.Polymers consists of very large molecules.
聚合物是由大分子组成的。
6.Like charges repel each other. Unlike charges attract.
相同的电荷相互排斥，不同的电荷相互吸引。
7.Force applied equals mass times acceleration produced(F=ma).
所施加的力等于质量乘以由此产生的加速度。
8.An isobar is a line drawn on a map between two points of equal
atmospheric pressure.
气压线是地图上在等气压两点之间画出的线。
9.This experiment is intended to test the theory.
该实验旨在测试这一理论。
10.The equipment has been built to work at very high altitude.
该设备是为了在高海拔条件下使用而制造的。
11.The powder acts as a catalyst to speed the reaction.
此粉末可作为催化剂以加速反应的进行。
12.If the solution is cooled, then crystals will form.
若将溶液冷却，就会有晶体形成。
13.If solution is found, then proceed with the next stage.
如果找到解决方法，就继续进行下一阶段。
实用科技英语翻译-期末考试复习题
2009-2010学年第2学期 《实用科技英语翻译》期末考试题型和复习题 I Answer the following questions related to EST Translation (30’)（2个题） 1. What’s the definition of EST (English of Science & Technology)? EST (English for Science & Technology or Technical English or Scientific English) is a special language variety widely used in the fields of science and technology. It’s believed that it first came to being in the 1950s along with the rapid development of science and technology, and it many researchers and scholars began to conduct investigation of this common feature of this special genre including reading comprehension, writing and even translation. 2. What are stylistic features of EST? Completely different from other genres such as everyday English, literature English, EST has its own stylistic features due to the specialty in content, field and discourse functions, and partly due to the unique habits of EST writers, which are mostly represented in lexical level and syntactical level. 3. What are the general features of Compound Technical Terms? A. accuracy（确切性）: accurately reflect the nature of the concept B. monosemy（单义性）: one sense for one word C .systematization（系统性）:the individual technical terms in a given field should be in a specific level so as to constitute a common system D. linguistically correct（语言的正确性）: in accordance with the word-formation in the same language E. conciseness（简明性）: concise and easy to remember F. motivation（理据性）: just as the name implies, one can know the meaning of the word.
西南交大科技英语翻译期末考试复习题答案
1.Here great disturbances at the heart of the earth caused mountains and volcanoes to rise above the water. 这里，由于地心的剧烈活动，使山脉和火山升出水面。 2.After the Australian Taxation Office made its taxation forms simpler, it actually received praise from taxpayers who could finally understand it. 澳大利亚税务局将其表格文字简化后，受到了纳税人的广泛称赞，因为他们终于能看懂这些表格了 3.Although people are born to win, they are also born helpless and totally dependent on their environment. Winners successfully make the transition from total helplessness to independence, and then to interdependence. Losers do not. 虽然人们生来要成功，然而，他们同样生来就是无助的，完全依靠环境。成功者成功地从完全不能自立过渡到了独立，然后过渡到相互依靠。失败者则不然。 4.Darwin was convinced that the loss of the tastes in music and drawing was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character. 达尔文认为，失去对音乐和绘画方面的兴趣，不仅失去了幸福，而且还可能损伤智力，甚至可能会伤害道德。 5.No eating tools on the Chinese dinner table are more magical and distinctive than the chopsticks. 中餐桌上最神奇,最有特色的用餐工具莫过于筷子. 6.It is not on the shores of continents, nor in the coastal islands, however, that the soul of the great Pacific is found. It lies far out where the fabled South Sea Islands are scattered over the huge ocean like stars in the sky. 然而，浩瀚的太平洋最精美之处不在其大陆海岸，也不在沿海诸岛，而是在远离陆地的海域。在那里，富有神奇色彩的南太平洋诸岛像天上的繁星一样散布在广阔的海面上。 7.Circumstances and people are constantly changing. Some friendship last “forever”; others do not. 环境与人都在不断地改变。有些友谊地久天长，有些则如昙花一现。
科技英语翻译专业词汇-材料
Materials Science and Engineering arc welding 电弧焊 calcinations 煅烧 casting 熔铸 ceramic 陶瓷 chemical properties 化学性能 cold brittleness 低温脆性 colour liquid crystals 彩色液晶 congruent compound 合熔化合物 constant-deformation tests 定变形试验 Creep Strength 潜变强度 crystal pattern 晶体结构 data quartz fiber 数据石英光纤 die casting 拉模铸造 drawing & stamping 延轧 Dynamics of Forging System 锻压系统动力学 Edge Finish 边缘处理 Engineering Materials 工程材料 nano-material 纳米材料 ceramic 陶瓷 polymer 集合物 composite material 复合材料 biomaterial 生物材料semiconductor 半导体 conductor 导体 insulator 绝缘体 synthetic fabrics 合成纤维microstructures 显微结构 periodic table 周期表 Equipment for Heating Processing 热处理设备 Fatigue Test 疲劳测试 Features of Metal 金属的特性 Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal 铁及非铁金属 forging 锻造 foundry 铸造 High Polymer Material & Processing 高分子材料及加工Impact Test 冲击测试 Intermetallic compound 金属间化物 Ionic Solids 离子晶体 Magnetic Transformation 磁性变态 Mechanic Testing of Engineering Materials 工程材料力学性能的测定Mechanical Property of Metal 金属机械性能 Metal Cutting Machine Tool 金属切削工具 Metal Erosion & Protection 金属腐蚀及防护 Metal Material Science 金属材料学 Metallic Solids 金属晶体Metallographic Techniques 金相技术Metallography 金属学 Metallography & Heat Treatment 金属学与热处理
《科技英语翻译》课程练习十六
《科技英语翻译》课程练习十六 一、将以下指示与说明文体译成汉语 1. Important safety instructions 1) AC extension cords are not recommended for use with this product. If an extension cord must be used, be sure it is an approved type and has sufficient current-carrying capacity to power this product. 2) NEVER operate this product with any covers removed. 3) NEVER wet the inside of this product with any liquid. 4) NEVER pour or spill liquids directly into this unit. 5) NEVER block air flow through ventilation slots or heat sinks. 6) NEVER bypass any fuse. 7) NEVER replace any fuse with a value or type other than those specified. 8) NEVER attempt to repair this product. If a problem occurs, contact your local retailer. 9) NEVER expose this product to extremely high or low temperatures. 10) NEVER operate this product in an explosive atmosphere. 11) ALWAYS keep electrical equipment out of the reach of children. 二、将以下某款前置放大器使用说明译成汉语 1) DISPLAY INTENSITY BUTTON Cycles among four levels of brightness (including “off”）for the display, allowing adjustment for various ambient lighting conditions. When “off”, the display will turn on for a few seconds whenever a setting is changed. When used in conjunction with certain compatible ABC components, this button will control the display intensity of all lin ked components. (For more information, see “Linked Functions.”) 2) MODE INDICATORS Three LEDs give visual confirmation of the Operational Mode the preamplifier is in at any moment. 3) MODE BUTTON Cycles among the three primary Operational Modes of the preamplifier: Monitor (the source being listened to); Record Select (the source being provided to the Record Outputs); and Balance (the relative volumes of the Left and Right channels). Confirmation of these operating modes is given by the Mode Indicators below the
小议科技英语翻译技巧
小议科技英语翻译技巧 科技文体崇尚严谨周密，概念准确，逻辑性强，行文简练，重点突出，句式严整，少有变化，常用前置性陈述，即在句中将主要信息尽量前置，通过主语传递主要信息。科技文章文体的特点是：清晰、准确、精练、严密。那末，科技文章的语言结构特色在翻译过程中如何处理，这是进行英汉科技翻译时需要探讨的问题。现分述如下： 一、大量使用名词化结构 大量使用名词化结构（Nominalization）是科技英语的特点之一。因为科技文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实。而非某一行为。 Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies. 阿基米德最先发展固体排水的原理。 句中of displacement of water by solid bodies 系名词化结构，一方面简化了同位语从句，另一方强调displacement 这一事实。 The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night. 地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜的变化。 名词化结构the rotation of the earth on its own axis 使复合句简化成简单句，而且使表达的概念更加确切严密。 If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat loss, can be considerably reduced. 炉壁采用耐火砖可大大降低热耗。 科技英语所表述的是客观规律，因之要尽量避免使用第一、二人称；此外，要使主要的信息置于句首。 Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 电视通过无线电波发射和接受活动物体的图象。 名词化结构the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves 强调客观事实，而"谓语动词则着重其发射和接受的能力。 二、广泛使用被动语句 根据英国利兹大学John Swales 的统计，科技英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被动态。这是因为科技文章侧重叙事推理，强调客观准确。第一、二人称使用过多，会造成主观臆断的印象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙述，采用被动语态，例如：Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。而很少说：You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine .你们必须注意机器的工作温度。此外，如前所述，科技文章将主要信息前置，放在主语部份。这也是广泛使用被动态的主要原因。试观察并比较下列两段短文的主语。 We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. We call such a device a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy capacitance .It is measured in farads. 电能可储存在由一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属极板内。这样的装置称之为电容器，
科技英语中专业术语的翻译
科技英语中专业术语的 翻译 集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）
科技英语中专业术语的翻译 1.意译：根据科技术语的含义，将其翻译成汉语里和它完全对等的名词就叫意译。对单个词语来说，意译也就是直译。意译法是最常用的翻译方法，它能使读者直接了解术语的含义。例子如下： ①firewall ．．．．．．．． ：防火墙 ②data mining ．．．．．．．．．． ：数据挖掘 ③automatic program control ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ：自动程序控制 2.形译：英语中有些科技术语的前半部分是表示该术语形象的字母或单词，翻译成汉语时可把这一部分翻译成表示具体形象的词，或保留原来的字母，这就叫形译。例子如下： I ．-．bar ．．． 工字钢、工字条；O ．-．ring ．．．． 环形圈；twist ．．．．．-．drill ．．．．．麻花钻；X ．-．Ray ．．．X 光；α．-．brass ．．．．． α黄铜[1] 3.音译：根据英语发音翻译成汉语里相应的词。科技英语中某些有专业名词构成的术语、单位名称、新型材料的名称等，在翻译时都可采用音译法。例子如下： gene ．．．． 基因；quark ．．．．． 夸克；Pentium ．．．．．．． 奔腾 celluloid ．．．．．．．．． 赛璐璐；nylon ．．．．． 尼龙 Hertz ．．．．．（Hz ）赫兹（频率单位）；lumen ．．．．．流明（光通量单位） 4.缩写词：英语首字母缩写词在科技新词中占很大比重，这类词如果译成汉语，就显得拖沓冗长，因此很多情况下干脆不翻译。例子如下： CPU ．．．：．C ．entral Processing Unit ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．(中央处理器) ASCII ．．．．．：．American S ．．．．．．．．．tandard ．．．．．．． C ．ode ．．． for ．．． I ．nformation ．．．．．．．．．． I ．nterchange ．．．．．．．．．． (美国信息交换标准码) ATM ．．．：．A ．synchronous ．．．．．．．．．．． T ．ransfer ．．．．．．． M ．ode ．．． (异步传输方式) 一些国际组织的缩写也常采用这种办法。例子如下： WTO ．．．(国际贸易组织)；UNESCO ．．．．．．(联合国教科文组织)；WHO ．．．(世界卫生组织)；IOC ．．． (国际奥委会)
科技英语翻译的原则_方法及技巧.
翻译是把一种语言里已经表达出来的事物用另一种语言准确流畅地进行重新表达的过程。与其他题材的文章相比,科技专业文章在内容、表达形式和风格上有很大的差别,具有科技性强、专业性强、逻辑严密、表达要求简练的特点,在翻译上力求准确全面、严谨明确和通顺简练。 1科技英语翻译遵循的基本原则 从科技文章的特点来看,大多具有以下几个特征:述说事理、逻辑性强、结构严密、术语繁多,语言严谨、数据精确。这就要求译文必须概念清楚、条理分明、逻辑正确、数据无误,尤其对定义、定律、公式、图表、结论等更应特别注意。科技英语作为特殊英语的一个分支,在词汇构成、遣词造句等方面都有其自身的特点,其语法结构不十分严密、语言习惯和汉语也有不少差别、词汇量大、词语繁多,因此科技英语翻译起来比较困难。另外,科技文章比较重视叙事逻辑上的连贯及表达上的明晰与畅达; 避免行文晦涩,避免表露个人感情,避免论证上的主观随意性。因此,科技英语翻译力求少用或不用描述性形容词以及具有抒情作用的副词、感叹词及疑问词,而是大量使用科技词汇、专业技术用语,译者应尊重客观事实,不能随意改动数据、回避不易翻译的文字,更不能加进自己的主观想象,进行自由翻译。 我国著名翻译家严复提出的“信、达、雅”三准则一直为不少翻译工作者所接受。 “信”指的是译文要忠实于原文,“达”是指译文的通顺达意,“雅”指的是译文的用词修辞。三准则体现了译文和原文信息等值这一基本要领。 “信、达、雅”的翻译准则对各种英语文体的翻译实践都具有指导意义,是衡量一篇译文好坏的标准,也同样适用于科技文献的翻译。由于科技文章特有的文体特征,与其他类文章相比,其“达”和“雅”的内涵不同,它要求在准确传达信息的基础上,使译文更加简洁明快,流畅通顺。2科技英语翻译的基本方法
科技英语翻译答案
科技英语翻译 1.1 翻译的标准 第1节翻译练习1 The power plant is the heart of a ship. The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor. 动力装置是船舶的心脏。 驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。 第1节翻译练习2 Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications. Cramped conditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely. All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space. 半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。 我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。 空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。 第1节翻译练习3 The removal of minerals from water is called softening. A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole. 去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。 双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。 1.2 对译者的要求 第4节翻译练习1 Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena. All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water. 爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。（直译） 这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。（意译） The designer must have access to stock lists of the materials he employs. Part adjustment and repair must be performed on regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end product. 设计师必须备有所使用材料的储备表。（意译） 要使印刷品的质量达到要求，部件调试及修理就必须定期进行。（意译） 第4节翻译练习2 The most important of the factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water. The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia. The apparent change in size of the sun is caused by dust in the air near the horizon.植物生长的各因素中最重要的是水的供应。（合译） 太阳的大小看起来有变化，这是由于靠近地平线的空气中有尘粒而引起的。（分译） 医生对血样作了分析，看是不是贫血症。（分译） These fragments of rock and iron range from thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one. Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.这些石块和铁块的碎片大小不等，大的直径有1000公里，小的不到1公里。（分译） 制造过程可以分为单件生产和大量生产。前者指的是生产少量的零件，后者则是指生产大量相同的零件。（分译） 第4节翻译练习3 Cartography is the science of making maps. Many elements in nature are found to be mixtures of different isotopes. 制图学是研究绘制地图的科学。（增译） 人们发现，自然界里许多元素，都是各种不同的同位素的混合物。（增译） The two units used most frequently in electricity are ampere and volt: this is the unit of voltage and that of current. That like charges repel but opposite charges attract is one of the fundamental laws of electricity. 电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特：后者是电压的单位，前者是电流的单位。（增译） 同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸是电学的一个基本规律。（省译） 第4节翻译练习4 Almost any insulated body processes to some extent the ability to retain for a time an electric charge. The angular contact bearing provides a greater thrust capacity. The properties of the weld can be altered by varying the grain orientation. 几乎任何一种绝缘体都多少具有保留电荷一段时间的能力。 向心推力轴承有较大的轴向承载能力。 通过改变晶粒的方向可以改变焊缝的性能。 2.1 词义的选择 第1节翻译练习1 The spindle rotates simultaneously round two axes at right angles to each other. The earth isn’t completely round; it is slightly flattene d at the poles. In each round of operation the particle picks up energy from the oscillating electric field. 锭子同时绕两个互相垂直的轴旋转。（介词） 粒子每运转一周都从振荡电场获取新的能量。（名词） 地球并非完全是圆的，它的两极略扁平。（形容词） An electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative charge which rounds about the nucleus of an atom. Her waist measures forty inches round. 电子是绕原子核转动且带有负电荷的极其微小的粒子。（动词） 她腰围40英寸。（副词） 第1节翻译练习2 Rate of penetration was found to be proportional to the net pressure applied by the tool. Scientists are constantly striving to find fast and convenient way of obtaining quantitative data. To find the area of a square or oblong, you merely multiply its length by its width. Certain isotopes are not found in nature. 人们发现钻孔速度与工具所受的净压力成正比。 求一正方形或长方形的面积，你只需将其长度乘以宽度。 科学家们总是力求找到快速而简便的方法获得定量数据。 有些同位素在自然界中并不存在。 New fibers find expanding applications in engineering and industry. Kangaroos are found in Australia. This plant is found in the sea near the mouth of rivers. Microcomputers have found their application in the production of genius sensors. Plastics find wide application in our daily life. 大袋鼠产于澳大利亚。 这种植物生长在近河口的海中。 新发明的纤维在工程和工业领域得到越来越广泛的应用。 微型计算机已经应用于智能传感器的生产中。 塑料在我们的日常生活中得到广泛应用。 第2节翻译练习1 The cause of rolling resistance is the deformation of mating surfaces of the rolling element and the raceway on which it rolls. Traditionally, NC programming has been performed offline with the machine commands The occurrence of large mats of floating algae may result in the death of many fish from lack of oxygen. 滚动阻力的起因在于滚动体的配合面和它滚动的滚道的变形。（技术性引申） 通常，数控机床的编程是脱机完成的，指令载于穿孔带上。（技术性引申） 大片大片漂浮的藻类的出现导致很多鱼因缺氧而死亡。（修辞引申） The splitting of the uranium or plutonium nucleus is accompanied by the release of very considerable amount of energy. The major contributors in component technology have been in the semiconductor. The distance between the two plates is small compared with their linear dimensions. Just as different solids and liquids vary in density, so do gases and vapors. 元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。（具体化引申） 两板之间的距离相对于其宽度和长度而言比较小。（具体化引申） 随着铀核和钚核的裂变，会有极其巨大的能量释放处理。（修辞性引申） 正像不同的固体和液体的密度不同一样，不同的气体和蒸汽的密度也不同。（具体化引申） The Curies believed that there was something in nature that gave out radiation. Obviously, there is much room for the improvement in the structure. At present coal is the most common food of a steam plant. The facts have been set down in black and white. 显然，其结构还有较大的改进余地。（抽象化引申） 目前，煤是火电厂最常用的能源。（抽象化引申） 居里夫妇坚信，自然界中有一种物质能放出辐射能。（具体化引申） 这些事实已经清清楚楚地记录下来了。（抽象化引申） 2.3 词类的转换 第3节翻译练习1 Each time a sample was drawn for color determination. What is certain is that the oil spill has delivered a devastating blow to the ecology of the Persian Gulf. We should get familiar with different systems of units. 每次取一个标本测定颜色。 可以肯定，这场石油泄漏事件对波斯湾的生态是个惨重的打击。 我们应该熟悉各种（计量）单位制。 These decision-making processes are applicable to the entire field of engineering design--- not just to mechanical engineering design. Hydrogen instead of air is frequently used for cooling large turbogenerators. When the war was over, it was discovered that the Germans were nowhere near success in developing nuclear weapons. 常以氢气代替空气来冷却大型汽轮发电机。 第二次世界大战结束后，人们发现德国人在研制核武器方面离成功还很远。 这些判定过程可以应用于工程设计的整个领域，而不仅仅限于机械工程设计。 Various precautions have been taken against leakage. Once inside the oven, panels are subjected to a temperature of 365°F. Value is defined as a numerical ratio, the ratio of the function, or performance, to the cost. This new model should appeal to potential buyers. 一旦进入烘干炉，板材就处于365华氏度的温度条件下。 价值的定义是功能或性能与成本的数值比。 已采取了各种措施防止渗漏。 这种新式样对潜在的买主肯定有吸引力。 Galileo’s experiments are not difficul t, nor is there any evidence that he performed them with exceptional skill. Sometimes a scientist observes an object and its features, for example a star or a bird; sometimes he observes an event, which is something that happens at a particular time. Earthquakes are generally more destructive of life than volcanic eruptions. 有时科学家观察一物体及其特征，例如一颗星或一只鸟；有时科学家观察某一事件，即在一特定时间所发生的事。 地震对于生命的破坏通常大于火山爆发。 伽利略的实验并不难，也没有证据表明他是以非凡的技能来做实验的。 Heat should be applied slowly to avoid localized overheating. How rapidly a fuel burns depends on how thoroughly it is mixed with oxygen or air. This is why a coil is often referred to as an inductor. 一种燃料燃烧的速度有多快，取决于它与氧气或空气混合的均匀程度。 这就是线圈常被叫做电感器的原因。 应当慢慢加热，以避免发生局部过热现象。 第3节翻译练习2 Practically all of the useful properties of materials are strongly dependent on their internal structure. The metal casts well. A wire for conducting electric current is covered with plastic; the plastic is insulation round the wire. 几乎材料的一切有用特性都与其内部的结构有密切的关系。 这种金属有良好的铸造性能。 传导电流的导线包有塑料，该塑料便是导线周围的绝缘材料。 There are many ways of determining the distribution of the magnetism about a magnet. Good lubrication keeps the bearings from being damaged. Safety in a power plant is of great importance. Most modern transmitters employ solid state circuits. 安全在电厂是非常重要的。 现代发报机大多采用固体电路。 有许多方法来确定磁场周围的磁力分布状况。 润滑良好可保护轴承不受损伤。 E-Chemmerce now offers two main levels of online business intelligence on chemical, plastic and energy e-commerce. These images tend to exaggerate the robot’s similarity to human anatomy and behavior. Aluminum remained an expensive rarity till the discovery of the electrolytic process for reducing aluminum in 1886. 这些概念常常夸大了机器人与人类在形体和行为方面的相似之处。 《电子化工商务》目前主要提供两个层次的有关化学、塑料和能源电子商务的在线商务信息服务。 直到1886年人们发现电解法还原铝之前，铝一直是一种昂贵的珍品。 Since some materials are not damaged easily as others, the possibility exists of developing radiation-resistant parts. 由于有些材料不像另一些那样容易被损坏，所以有可能研制出防辐射的零件。 2.4 词的增译 第4节翻译练习2 第4节翻译练习1 This action externally appears like the discharge of a capacitor. Once out of the earth’s gravity, an astronaut is affec ted by still another problem--- weightlessness.
西南交通大学研究生 科技英语翻译 期末复习题
科技英语翻译联系200句 1.To transmit electromagnetic waves takes energy. 传送电磁波需要能量 2.Chemical control will do most of things in pest control. 化学防治能在病虫害防治中起主要作用。 3.It is not until wires are connected that the path is completed. 直到导线接上以后，此电路才接通。 4.The odds are heavily against any man being able to do the work in the field of abstract theory that Einstein is doing. 对任何能从事爱因斯坦正在进行的抽象理论研究的人来说，条件都是极为不利的。 5.Oscillator design is of an art rather than an exact science. 与其说振荡器的设计是一门严谨的科学，不如说它是一门艺术。 6.A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed. 发现迅速减少到（了）1/7。 7.Birds and animals which hunt at night have eyes which contain few or no cones at all,so they cannot see colors. 凡是夜间觅食的飞禽走兽，因为眼睛中的视维细胞数量极少或根本没有，所以不能辨别颜色。 8.Tsunami is sometimes powerful enough to destroy a coastwise building it strikes. 海啸有时威力很大，足可摧毁它所冲击的沿岸的建筑物。 9.Not everybody is convinced the Leaning Tower of Pisa really can be saved. 并非每个人都相信比萨斜塔真的能免于坍塌。 10.Every crane has a certain hitting capacity, ranging from a few tons to many hundreds of tons. 每台起重机均有一定的起重力（量），该起重力（量）从几吨到几百吨不等。 11.The best solution is continue to reduce all sources of pollution affecting our atmousphere. 最好的方法是继续减少影响大气层的各种污染物。 12. Quantum chemistry is still in its infancy. 量子化学仍处于发展初期。 13.It is these drawbacks which need to be eliminated and which have led to the search for new processes. 正是因为这些缺点需要消除，才导致了对新方法的探求。 14.Real-time systems often need extraordinary precautions to guard against possible break down of computer. 实时系统往往需要特别小心，以防止计算机可能发生故障。 15.The steam engine uses a fire in a boiler rather than inside the engine. 蒸汽机所利用的是锅炉中的火，而不是发动机里边的火。 16.The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in weight. 这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2。17.Our primary purpose in studying fatigue is to understand why failures occur so that we can guard against them in an optimum manner. 我们研究疲劳的主要目的在于了解产生失效的原因，以便能以最佳的方式加以预防。 18.This system will build on the knowledge and experience gained in developing the existing suite of software products. 这个系统的基础是从开发现有的成套软件产品中所获得的知识和经验。 19.All metals do not conduct electricity equally well. 并非所有的金属的导电性能都同样好。20.It means that the mass of the comet cannot have amounted to as much as one ten-thousandth of that of the earth. 这表明这颗彗星的质量甚至不到地球质量的万分之一。 21.Inspection programs help to determine when to replace parts. 检验计划有助于确定更换零件的时间。