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专业英语英译汉练习题

专外英译汉练习题

Unit 1

1. Emissions of greenhouse gases are changing our climate and

acidifying our oceans, endocrine disrupting compounds are

appearing in waters throughout the world, high levels of mercury,

PCBs, and other toxics are threatening marine animals, fish, and

other organisms.

2. Another form of environmental research focuses on the changes that

are taking place in the natural and human environment as a result of human activity, either to understand these changes or to seek

potential solutions.

Unit 2

3. environmental engineers must seek to understand the nature and

functioning of large and complex systems in order to protect whole ecosystems, produce new and sustainable technologies, prevent the outbreak of diseases across global scales, and protect the

environment from damage resulting from the production of new

chemicals.

4. little is known about the combined effect of these processes, but they

are fundamental to the understanding of chemical fate and effects in the environment, and they affect decisions about when engineered

solutions must be applied.

Unit 3

5. Because of the delaying effect of the oceans, surface temperatures do

not respond immediately to greenhouse gas emissions, so climate

change will continue for hundreds of years after atmospheric

concentrations have stabilized.

6. Without emissions-control policies motivated by concerns about

climate change, atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide are

expected to rise from today's 367 parts per million to 490-1,260 ppm

by the year 2100.

Unit 4

7. Ecological restoring is an intentional activity that initiate or

accelerate the recovery of an ecosystem with respect to its health,

integrity and sustainability.

8. Frequently, the ecosystem that requires restoration has been

degraded, damaged, transformed or entirely destroyed as the direct or indirect result of human activities.

Unit 5

9. In recent years, public awareness of the consequences of

environmental disasters has increased throughout the world with

broad recognition of the importance of international, cooperative

efforts to help prevent such threats to large populations.

10. The ever-expanding definition of security requires not only that the

protection of a nation's economic assets and its total population be

considered, but also that the well-being of subpopulations and even individual be considered.

Unit 6

11. Classic models address conventional pollutants, eutrophication, toxic

organic chemicals, and metals in surface waters and groundwater. 12. These criteria result in water quality standards that are enforceable

by law and require the application of mathematical models for waste load allocation, risk assessment, or environmental impact

assessment.

Unit 7

13. It is only when they provide sound information on the socio-

economic or environmental systems in the impact area that valid

impact prediction can be made, and effective mitigation and

monitoring programs formulated.

14. Much of the environmental damage caused by developments occurs

during the construction phase, and a problem is that construction is usually contracted to a construction company who will not have

participated in the environmental impact assessment process, and

over whom the developer may have little control.

Unit 8

15. As a result, environmental data objects are increasingly becoming

available in digital form, with the trend toward digitized maps just being the most visible sign of this transition.

16. Computerized environmental information system are able to collect

and process much greater amounts of data than anybody would have thought only a few years ago.

Unit 10

17. Broadly defined, natural resources include all the original elements

that comprise the Earth's natural endowments or the life-supported systems: air, water, the Earth's crust and radiation from the sun. 18. Nonrenewable resources are resources that either exist in fixed

supply or are renewable only on a geological timescale, whose

regenerative capacity can be assumed to be zero for all practical

purposes.

Unit 11

19. Heavy metals and pesticides are substances whose use and

environmental concentration are now controlled by legislation in

many countries, which cannot be enforced unless the concentration can be measured.

20. Organic compounds, which differ structurally only in minor and

subtle ways, can have very different physiological effect and pose

very different levels of health hazards.

Unit 12

21. At the present time, unit operations and processes are grouped

together to provide various levels of treatment known as preliminary, primary, advanced primary, secondary, and advanced treatment. 22. Land treatment processes, commonly termed as natural systems,

combine physical, chemical, and biological treatment mechanisms

and produce water with quality similar to or better than that from

advanced wastewater treatment.

Unit 13

23. Advanced wastewater treatment is defined as the additional

treatment needed to remove suspended, colloidal, and dissolved

constituents remaining after conventional secondary treatment.

24. Because of the complex nature of the dissolved organic constituents,

the treatment methods must consider the specific, characteristics of the wastewater and the nature of the constituents.

Unit 14

25. Pollutant particles vary in size over many orders of magnitude, from

ideal gas molecules to macroscopic particles several millimeters in

diameter.

26. Fabric filters can be very efficient collectors for even submicron-

sized particles and are widely used in industrial applications,

although they may be sensitive to high temperature and humidity. Unit 19

27. A successful remediation plan has to be based on the information

gained during the preliminary diagnostic works, which are done

before taking the decision to start a remediation project.

28. According to the scale of pollution, the risk level and the financial

and time constraints on the remediation project, treatment of the soil

may take place in situ or ex situ.

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(完整版)专八英译汉练习答案

（一）英译汉练习 1. The winds of November were like summer breezes to him, and his face glowed with the pleasant cold. His cheeks were flushed and his eyes glistened; his vitality was intense, shining out upon others with almost a material warmth. 十一月的寒风，对他就像夏天吹拂的凉风一样。舒适的冷空气使他容光焕发，两颊通红，两眼闪光。他生气勃勃，叫别人感到是一团炙手的火。（英语material warmth 字面意思是"物质的温暖"，这里具体译作"一团炙手的火"言明意清，让人一看就懂。） 2. It was morning, and the new sun sparkled gold across the ripples of gentle sea. The sea was wonderfully calm and now it was rich with all the color of the setting sun. In the sky already a solitary star twinkled. 清晨，初升的太阳照着平静的海面，微波荡漾，闪耀着金色的光芒。（英语the ripples of the gentle sea 译成汉语时在结构上作了调整，这样译文念起来意思清楚，行文漂亮。） 3. To appease their thirst its readers drank deeper than before, until they were seized with a kind of delirium. 为了解渴，读者比以前越饮越深，直到陷入了昏迷状态。这个句子的译文死抠原文形式，死抠字典释义，翻译腔严重，让人难以明白其意思，可改译为：读者为了满足自己的渴望，越读越想读，直到进入了如痴如醉的状态。所谓过分表达，就是指译文画蛇添足，增加了原文没有的东西；而欠表达则是省略或删节原文的内容。翻译时均应避免这类错误。 4. Early Reagan was a mirror image of early Carter. 里根上台时在做法上跟执政初期的卡特毫无二致。（a mirror image 如直译为"镜子里的形象"，就让人感到非常别扭，远不如"毫无二致"自然。） 5. Up Broadway he turned, and halted at a glittering café, where are gathered together nightly the choicest products of the grapes, the silkworm and the protoplasm. 他拐到百老汇路上，在一家灯火辉煌的饭店前停下来，那里每晚汇集上好的美酒、华丽的衣服和有地位的人物。 6. Words are not themselves a reality but only representation of it, and the King's English, like the Anglo-French of the Normans, is a class representation of reality. 单词本身并不是客观物体，只不过是代表客观体而已；像日尔曼人的盎格鲁法语一样，标准英语也是一种代表客观体的语言。（King's English 不能直译为"国王英语"，它是指标准英语，相当于汉语中的"普通话"。） 7. At 19 he had commenced one of those careers attractive and inexplicable to ordinary mortals for whom a single bankruptcy is good as a feast. 他19 岁时就已经走上了一条在普通人看来是极富吸引力而又不可理解的道路，普通人认为，只是一次破产就叫人够呛了。 (good as a feast 如直译为"像丰盛的宴席一样好",意思正好反了.直接释明其意"叫人够呛",地道通顺.) 8. Mr. Kingsley and his Red Brick boys will have to look to their laurels. 金斯利先生和他那些二流大学的学生们必须小心翼翼地保持已经取得的荣誉。（Red Brick 又称Red Brick Universities，指英国除牛津、剑桥大学以外的其他地方性二流大学。因其建筑主要是红砖砌成，不象牛津、剑桥的建筑均为古色古香的石块所建成，故得此名。 9. I was extremely worried about her, but this was neither the place nor the time for a lecture or an argument. 我真替他万分担忧，但此时此地既不宜教训她一番，也不宜与她争论一通。英语中没有量词，汉译时就得根据汉语的表达习惯增加合适的量词 10. An individual human existence should be like a river-small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls.

各专业的英文翻译

中国教育在线考研频道提供考研全方面信息指导及咨询服务，为您成功考研提供一切帮助。哲学Philosophy 马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism 中国哲学Chinese Philosophy 外国哲学Foreign Philosophies 逻辑学Logic 伦理学Ethics 美学Aesthetics 宗教学Science of Religion 科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology 经济学Economics 理论经济学Theoretical Economics 政治经济学Political Economy 经济思想史History of Economic Thought 经济史History of Economic 西方经济学Western Economics 世界经济World Economics 人口、资源与环境经济学Population, Resources and Environmental Economics 应用经济学Applied Economics 国民经济学National Economics 区域经济学Regional Economics 财政学（含税收学）Public Finance (including Taxation) 金融学（含保险学）Finance (including Insurance) 产业经济学Industrial Economics 国际贸易学International Trade 劳动经济学Labor Economics 统计学Statistics 数量经济学Quantitative Economics 中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称国防经济学National Defense Economics 法学Law 法学Science of Law 法学理论Jurisprudence 法律史Legal History 宪法学与行政法学Constitutional Law and Administrative Law 刑法学Criminal Jurisprudence

英译汉句子翻译30分每题3分

句子翻译题30分（每题3分） 1. He talked to the foreigner in hesitant English. 他结结巴巴地用英语同那个外国人交谈。 2. Such materials are characterized by good insulation and high resistance to wear. 这些材料的特点是：绝缘性好，耐磨性强。 3. Before them lay miles of miles of beautiful plain with lots of wild animals among the grass. 美丽的草原，茵茵的绿草，野生动物成群结队，绵延数英里，展现在眼前。 4. They asked long lists of questions, numerically arranged, about the climate, products, laws, business chances, and statistics of the country in which the consul had the honor of the representing his government. 他们一、二、三、四地列了一个很长的问题表，向那位领事问了一连串的问题，诸如领事派驻国的气候、物产、法律、贸易机会以及种种的统计资料。 5. As the temperature increases, the volume of water become greater. 温度增高，水的体积就增大。 6. Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. 所谓翻译，是指在译语中用最切近而又自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先在语义上，其次是在文体上。 7. He is a complicated man----- moody, mercurial, with a melancholy streak.

大学英语精读4英译汉练习答案

大学英语精读4 汉译英练习答案 UNIT 1 1. 我们接到通知，财政部长将于次日接见我们。 2. 我觉得很奇怪，他似乎不记得自己的生日。 3. 学期论文最迟应在下星期二交来，可是至今大部分学生却几无进展。 4. 看到学生人数不断减少，校长心里很难受。(pain) 5. 在那个国家一般用现金付账，但支票变得普遍起来了，不久会代替现金作为人们结账的一种方式。 6. 该公司声称，这条河流的污染不是它造成的。 1. We were informed that the Minister of Finance was to give us an audience /receive us the next day. 2. I thought it odd that he didn't seem to remember his own birthday. 3. Next Tuesday is the deadline for handing in the term papers, but most students have hardly made a dent in the work so far. 4. It pained the headmaster to find the number of students shrinking. 5. Cash is commonly used in paying bills in that country, but checks are becoming more popular and will, in a short while, replace cash as a way for people to settle their accounts. 6. The company claims that it is not responsible for the pollution in the river. UNIT 2 1. 比尔已是个成熟的小伙子，不再依赖父母替他做主。 2. 这个地区有大量肉类供应，但新鲜果蔬奇缺。 3. 工程师们依靠工人们的智慧发明了一种新的生产方法，使生产率得以提高。 4. 他花了许多时间准备数学考试，因此当他获知自己只得了个B 时感到有点失望。 5. 我们有充裕的时间从从容容吃顿午饭。 6. 地方政府不得不动用储备粮并采取其他紧急措施，以渡过粮食危机。