2016语法填空答题技巧

高考英语语法填空答题技巧

语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考察语法知识的运用能力，我们在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，有把握的空格可以先进行填写。在读懂短文的基础上，再结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析，逐题解答。下面按题型设计分三种情况：

一、纯空格试题的解题技巧

纯空格填空题主要是填冠词、介词、代词、连接词(含从属连词和并列连词)等虚词。

首先，分析句子结构，根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词。然后，根据句子意思，确定具体填什么词；或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。共有以下7个技巧：

技巧1：在简单句和并列句中，若句子缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词。

例1：I can’t send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and __1__ gets there almost in a second.

技巧2：名词前面，若没有限定词（冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词等），很可能是填限定词。

例2：It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty was very anxious to help___2___ rice crop grow up quickly.

技巧3：名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面，一定是填介词。

例3：…who should have the honour of receiving me ___3___ a guest in their house.

技巧4: 若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。

例4：…two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso 4 Cabdido Poitinari, which are worth millions of dollars.

技巧5：若两个句子（即两个主谓结构）之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词（连接并列的句子）或从属连词（连接定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句）。

例5：The greatest magician of all time was Harry Houdini ___5 _died in 1926.

例6：He was very tired after doing thus for a whole day, ___6___he felt very happy.

技巧6: 由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词。

(1) 由it is … that… 强调结构的形式，判断it 还是that。判断方法：去掉it is … that…结构，句子还是一个完整的句子就是强调句型。

(2) 由it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格是否填it.

例7：…and ___7__ was only after I heard she bec a me sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG (味精).

例8：… as ___8__ took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two words-famous artists..

例9：Dating sites also makes___9__ easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in.

(3) 在倒装句式中通常填only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not until…等词。

例10：__10___ with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.

(4) so / such …that…句型

例11：This made the goat so jealous ___11___ it began plotting against the donkey.

(5) more …than…(与其说……不如说……，比……更……)句型。

例12：Cynthia’s story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares ___12____ how much he pays.

二、给出了动词的试题解题技巧

首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按照以下两点进行思考。

技巧7：若句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。

例13：When I die, I 13 (give) everything to you.

例14：That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, 14__(close) my book and walked away.

例15：In Loganm three people _15_(take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic.

例16：Being too anxious to help an event develop often 16 (result) the contrary to our intention.（2008年广东高考语法填空）

例17：Now, Valentine’s Day is 17 (celebrate) in many countries around the world.

技巧8: 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定是v-ing形式，-ed形式，还是不定式，确定的方法主要有：

(1) 作主语或宾语，通常用v-ing 形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况。

例18：…but it is not enough only _18_(memorize) rules from a gramma r book.

例19：19 _(speak) out your inner feeling won’t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary…

(2) 作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。

例20：_20_(complete) the project as plan ned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.

(3) 作伴随状语，通常用分词，若与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词（v-ing）;若是被动关系，用过去分词（-ed）。

例21：He saw the stone, __21_(say) to himself: “the night will be very dark.”

例22：The headmaster went into the lab, _22_(follow) by the foreign guests.

技巧9: 动词的词类转换主要做主语、宾语和定语。

例23：There are 23 (comfort) feelings often as any kind of physical pain.

例24：They entered the Credit Lyonnais branch using building 24 (equip) to dig holes

例25：These people have made great _ 25 (contribute) to China with their work.

三、词类转换题的解题技巧

这类题主要是考查名词、形容词和副词，根据该词在句中所作句子成分确定用那种形式，具体技巧有以下三种。

技巧10: 作表语（在系动词之后）、定语（修饰名词）或宾补（表性质状态），通常用形容词形式。

例26：The youngster immediately fell _26_(silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.

例27：Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _27_(interest) in the subject.

技巧11: 修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。

例28：As I looked _28 (close) at this girl, I found that…

例29：29 (fortune),the guest escaped unharmed.

技巧12: 有的词义转换题，词类或词性不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需要句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-, in-等，在词根后加-less等。

例30：People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is _30_(use).

例31：Your mistake caused a lot of _31_(necessary) work in the office.

技巧13: 括号中所给词若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。

例32：The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could… he jumped even _32_(hard) and nearly made himself out.

例33：The _33_(bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said.

例34：…, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” 34 (high)

以上仅对语法填空中的主要情况进行了概括，在做语法填空题时，还应注意英语中的固定句型、固定搭配等。

语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在相应位置上。

1.（2014全国卷样题）

One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he 21.________ (find)that he had run out of salt. So Nick called

To his son，“Go to the village and buy some salt，but pay a fair price for it: neither too much 22.________ too little.”

His son looked surprised. “I can understand why I shouldn't pay too much，Father，but if I can pay less, 23.________ not save a bit of money？”

“That would be a very 24.________(reason)thing to do in a big city，but it could destroy a small village like ours，”Ni ck said. Nick's guests, 25.________

had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they

Could.Nick

Replied“The only reason a man would sell salt 26.________ a lower price would be because he was desper ate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect 27.___ _____ the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.”“But such a small thing coul dn't 28.________ (possible) destroy a village.”“In the beginning, there was only 29.________ very small a mount of unfairness in the world，but everyone added a little，always 30.________ (think) that it was only small and not very important，and look where we have ended up today.”

2.（2014福建卷）

第一节短文填词（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

阅读下面短文，根据以下提示：1）汉语提示，2）首字母提示，3）语境提示，在每个空格内填人一个适当的英语单词，所填单词要求意义准确，拼写正确，并将该词完整地写在答题卡中相应的横线上。

Many of us were raised with the saying "Waste not, want not.” None of us, (76) _h , can completely avoid waste in our lives.

Any kind of waste is thoughtless. Whether we waste our potential talents, our own time, our limited natural(77) （资源）,our money, or other people's time, each of us can become more aware and careful. The smallest good habits can make a big (78) _d . It's a good feeling to know in our hearts we are doing our(79)h in a world that is in serious trouble. By focusing on( 80) （节省）oil, water, paper, food, and clothing, we are playing a part (81) cutting down on waste.

We must keep reminding (82) （白己）that it is easier to get into something (83) it is to get out of it. Actually, severe damage( 84)d ____to our land is fairly recent in the history of our evolution. It's time for us to( 85)____no to waste so that our grandchildren’s children will be able to devel op well. We can't solve all the problems of waste, but we can encourage mindfulness.

Waste not！

3.（2014广东卷）

阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16—25的相应位置上。

Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said_16_____ was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we had planned for months. When the day came, we were ready.

After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months__17____ （early）, but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We 18_____（tell）that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week, 19_____ for the week after. I didn’t understand 20____ this would happen. What’s worse, the hotel had been fully book ed. When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was 22_____（surprise）helpful. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on 23_____ top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we weren’t charged extra.

The next day, my brother and I went to the beach 24____ we watched some people play volleyball. We got a little_____（sunburn），but the day had been so relaxing that we didn’t mind.

4.（2014辽宁卷）

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Jonny:Hey! I’m just practicing Tai Chi(太极). Would you like to join me?

Peter: I know nothing about it. Is it difficult?

Jonny: It seems easy, but you need a lot of practice. You just follow me like this.

Peter:OK. Don’t laugh 61 me. I may look funny.

Jonny: Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturally and 62 (soft). Try to keep your body straight. Move slowly, then be sure to keep your balance and don’t let your body shake. Peter: I cannot control my body well. My legs become 63 (pain).

Jonny: Keep 64 (hold) your position for a while. It helps develop your strength and flexibility. Raise your leg and let 65 stay in the air for seconds.

Peter: I feel my legs shaking. I cannot do this any longer.

Jonny: Be patient! Tai Chi 66 (call) “shadow box ing” in English. It asks you to act like water: to be flexible as well 67 strong. In real competition, a Tai Chi master borrows the strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight back. The 68 (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.

He controls you!

Peter: Unbelievable! Oh..., 69 you don’t mind, I’ll stop and take a deep 70 .

5.（2014新课标I）

Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?

In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland, Ohio.It __61____（be）unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it ____62____(actual)caught fire and burned. Now, ears later, this river is one of _63___most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.

But the river wasn’t changed in a few days __64____even a few months. It took years of work__65______(reduce ) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is___66_____(clean) than ever.

Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you leave a habit __67___is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don’t know how to control your credit card use. When you face s uch an impossible situation ,don’t you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?

While there are ___68_______(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the___69_______(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 70 (patience).

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