上海交通大学学术英语作业

Unit 5 Argumentation: Discussion

Lesson objectives:

?Get to know Discussion genre, its purpose, stages and structures.

?Learn how to analyze and write a Discussion genre.

?Learn how to use punctuation marks properly. (Self-study)

1.Read the article and do the following tasks:

Advertising and Children: Good or Bad?

There has been a dramatic increase in the number of overweight children in recent years, leading to many health problems that usually affect older people. To improve the health of children, it is important to find out the reasons for this increase. Many factors have been put forward, but it is becoming more and more clear that one of the most important is the increased consumption of junk food by children. For example, recent research has shown that it was junk food consumption, not a reduction in exercise, that has led to an increase in childhood obesity in at least one country. There are many arguments against this from the food companies, of course, but in this essay it will be shown that there is more and more evidence that a reduction in the exposure of children to junk food advertising will mean an improvement in their health later in life.

1)Mark the groups of words in the above text that have the same meaning as those

in the following list. (The first has been done for you)

A.the number of overweight children has increased dramatically

A’ a dramatic increase in the number of overweight children (line 1)

B.Children are eating more junk food.

B’_ _______________________________

C.exercising less

C’.____________________ ____

D.childhood obesity is increasing

D’. _____ ______________________

E.the food companies argue against this

E’.____________________________________ ____

F.showing less advertising of junk food to children

F’.________________________________________

G.they will become healthier later in life

G’.___________________________________.

2)Is the text formal or informal?

2. Analyze text A.

Sports Heroes Promote Alcohol or Tobacco

Whenever we turn on the TV or radio, we are dazzled by sports heroes celebrating their victory by drinking alcohol or smoking tobacco. At first, we may think it is entertaining and harmless, but if we examine the issue more closely, questions arise in our minds about the effect these advertisements have on people.

There are several reasons why sporting heroes should promote alcohol and tobacco products. Firstly, there would be more income for the tobacco, brewing and advertising communities to spend on sporting facilities, bodies and teams. This would lead to greater sponsorship and promotion of sport. Secondly, people themselves have to make the decision whether they want to smoke or drink. Advertisements cannot force you.

On the other hand, there are many reasons why sporting heroes should not promote tobacco and alcohol products. One important reason is that it may be a cause of under‐age drinking and smoking, as it encourages sports fans to feel good about these behaviors. Secondly, it appears that sporting people promoting these products are not showing respect for their own bodies. Finally, smoking and drinking are hazardous to health, and young people should be discouraged from taking them up.

Even though there seem to be reasonable arguments for sporting heroes ‐promoting such products, the advertising of these products may be bad for the health and well‐being of young Australians. Therefore，it has more disadvantages than advantages.

3. Analyze text B..

Fast Food

Fast food is heavily promoted by the media to young people. Many people feel that fast food is convenient and cheap. On the other hand, others consider it to be unhealthy and bad for the environment.

People are in favor of fast food for a number of reasons. For example, it saves time. There are outlets everywhere, and does not require shopping for ingredients. Furthermore, at just a few dollars for a meal it can be a cheap alternative for low income families.

Conversely, there are many drawbacks to overconsumption of fast food. Firstly, the evidence shows that fast food contributes to health problems such as obesity. Moreover, its packaging creates environmental problems such as litter.

While fast food may be time saving and relatively low in cost, its advertising leads many young people to consume too much, which can affect their health and wellbeing. For these reasons, we consider that the promotion of fast food should be more strictly regulated.

4. Conjunctions

5. Punctuation marks

Period

Divide the following paragraphs into sentences. Put a capital letter at the beginning and a full-stop at the end.

a)the strategic nuclear forces of the United States incorporate both active offensive

elements and passive defensive measures in the late 1980s the US Navy fleet of

36 nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines carried 640 improved Poseidon

and Trident SLBMs the longer range of these submarines gives them more room to maneuver these vessels included an increasing number of the larger Ohio-class submarines each one carries 24 Trident missiles

b)the Caspian Sea has a mean depth of about 170 m and is deepest in the south its

level varies from year to year but averages about 28 m below sea level in the 1960s and 1970s the level fell substantially this was partly because water was withdrawn from tributary rivers for irrigation and other purposes

Reference Answers:

a)The strategic nuclear forces of the United States incorporate both active offensive

elements and passive defensive measures. In the late 1980s the US Navy fleet of

36 nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines carried 640 improved Poseidon

and Trident SLBMs. The longer range of these submarines gives them more room to manoeuvre. These vessels included an increasing number of the larger Ohio-class submarines. Each one carries 24 Trident missiles.

b)The Caspian Sea has a mean depth of about 170 m and is deepest in the south. Its

level varies from year to year but averages about 28 m below sea level. In the 1960s and 1970s the level fell substantially. This was partly because water was withdrawn from tributary rivers for irrigation and other purposes.

The Comma (,)

The comma is the most important punctuation mark after the full stop. Its main use is for separating parts of sentences. Commas function in five main ways:

?Before or after adverbial clauses and groups.

?Before various connectives to join two independent clauses.

?To separate some non-defining phrases from the rest of the sentence.

?To separate words, groups and clauses in a series.

?To separate adjectives that separately modifies the same noun.

Common mistakes

A comma cannot separate subject from predicate. The following sentences are not possible:

*The number of service enterprises in wealthier free-market economies, has grown rapidly.

*Experience indicates that, these rhythms do not result wholly from our life-style.

A comma cannot be used to join grammatically separate sentences. The following sentences are not possible:

*London is a very cosmopolitan city, there are people from many culture living there. *Learning a new language is like learning to swim, it takes a lot of practice.

a)Advertising is the collective term for public announcements designed to promote

the sale of specific commodities or services.

b)Advertising may be local national or international in scope and so the rates

charged for the three different levels of advertising vary sharply particularly in newspapers.

Reference Answers:

a)Advertising is the collective term for public announcements designed to promote

the sale of specific commodities or services.

b)Advertising may be local, national, or international in scope, and so the rates

charged for the three different levels of advertising vary sharply, particularly in newspapers.

The Apostrophe

The apostrophe has two main functions in English, but only one in academic writing. It is used mainly to show possession or relationship. It is also used in informal writing to show contraction or letters left out.

The apostrophe precedes the 's' in singular words and plurals that do not end in 's'. It follows the 's' in plurals that end in 's'. The apostrophe is not used with the possessive pronouns 'hers', 'yours', 'theirs' and 'its'.

a)Astronomers theorize that the 55 Cancri planets formed from a disk of dust

around their star, the same way planets formed in the earths solar system.

b)3M sales representatives began bypassing their clients purchasing agents and

dealing directly with plant workers. The companys first major breakthroughs in product development grew out of this strategy.

Reference Answers

a)Astronomers theorize that the 55 Cancri planets formed from a disk of dust

around their star, the same way planets formed in the earth's solar system.

b)3M sales representatives began bypassing their clients' purchasing agents and

dealing directly with plant workers. The company's first major breakthroughs in product development grew out of this strategy.

The Quotation marks

Add punctuation marks to the following texts.The words that should be quoted are highlighted:

a)Attitudes are here taken in the meaning advocated by Sarnoff (1970) a disposition

to react favourably or unfavourably to a class of objects (p. 179).

b)On theother hand, with the spread of English as an international language, there is

an increasing number of Japanese businessmen, scientists and scholars from many disciplines who need to use English not only to communicate with English speakers, but also to communicate with other non-native English speakers who use English for international communication. For this group, the acquisition of speaking and listening skills is vital. (p. 58)

Reference Answers

a)Attitudes are here taken in the meaning advocated by Sarnoff (1970): " a

disposition to react favourably or unfavourably to a class of objects" (p, 179). b)On the other hand, with the spread of English as an international language, there

is an increasing number of Japanese businessmen, scientists and scholars from many disciplines who need to use English not only to communicate with English speakers, but also to communicate with other non-native English speakers who use English for international communication. For this group, the acquisition of speaking and listening skills is vital. (p. 58)

The Colon

Add colons to the following texts and explain their use:

a)It was conceived of by all those who participated in it not as a coalition

government as generally understood, but as a temporary, emergency government, formed for a single limited purpose to balance the budget through drastic economies and increases in taxation.

b)The Labour government found itself under pressure from three directions from

the left wing, from the TUC, and from Sir Oswald Mosley and his supporters. c)Berle also was not impressed with Swinton, who always pleaded that he was

bound by instructions from London "Swinton is ill-prepared and he also tends to be arrogant and inflexible."

Reference Answers:

a)It was conceived of by all those who participated in it not as a coalition

government as generally understood, but as a temporary, emergency government, formed for a single limited purpose: to balance the budget through drastic economies and increases in taxation.

b)The Labour government found itself under pressure from three directions: from

the left wing, from the TUC, and from Sir Oswald Mosley and his supporters. c)Berle also was not impressed with Swinton, who always pleaded that he was

bound by instructions from London: "Swinton is ill-prepared and he also tends to be arrogant and inflexible."

The Semi-Colon

Semi-Colons have two main uses in academic writing.

1. To separate closely-related sentences

A semi-colon can be used to separate two sentences which could be written as independent sentences but are very closely related in meaning.

A thorough and detailed biography of Arthur Henderson is also badly needed; the recent short studies by F. M. Leventhal and Chris Wrigley add little in so far as the events of 1931 are concerned.

Clearly, as the concentration of P rises, so will the proportion of enzyme molecules to which P is bound; hence the rate of conversion of S to A, and thence to P, will fall.

In both cases a full stop would be acceptable. A comma would not.

2. Complicated Lists

A semi-colon can also be used to separate items in lists, especially if the items are long and complicated and already contain commas.

Further exercise:

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e416052387.html,/arts/exercises/grammar/grammar_tutorial/page_55.htm

(Visit this website and do the exercise in class)

6. Writing and oral activity.

[Topic]:Some people think only best students should be rewarded, other think we should reward students who make progress. Discuss both views and give your own opinions.

【免费下载】综合学术英语教程练习答案

Unit Two Task1Familiarizing Yourself with Classif ication 1.Skim the f ollowing passage f or the answ ers to the questions below. 1) Man-made or anthropogenic causes, and natural causes. 2) Pollution (burning fossil fuels, mining coal and oil, etc.), the production of CO 2( the increase of population, the demolition of trees, etc.) 3) CO 2 is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the Earth’s atmosphere. 4) Classif i cation helps us to determine and understand the relationship of the parts of a subject which is studied by us. Classification is made on the basis of a clear definition. 5) In order to make a clear and logic classification, one needs to follow a principle of classification and go on with a system consistently. For example, the categories of classification should be mutually exclusive and no overlapping is allowed. Reading1Causes for Global Warming Task2Understanding Lectures through Classif ication Listening1 1.Listening to the lectur e and write down wha tev er y ou believ e is impor tant, especially the classif ica tions of key terms. Unconscious motivation, unconscious conflict, the id, the ego, the superego, etc. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e416052387.html,e y our notes.D ecide if the sta tements below ar e true(T)or false(F).Then justify y our answ ers,in the space pr ovided,b y giving evidence fr om the talk. 1) T2) F3) F4) F5) T6) F7) T8) F 3.Listen again,paying a ttention to the f ollowing classif ica tions and then complete the tables below. Idea One: The existence of an unconscious motivation Idea Two: The notion of unconscious dynamics or conflict 4.Listen again and piece y our notes together into a shor t summar y.Then r etell the lectur e to y our par tner. There are two interesting ideas in Freud’s theory: first, the existence of unconscious motivation; second, the concept of unconscious conflict. Freud believes that unconscious motivation might play an important role in a lot of situations, such as marriage, forgetting a person’s name, calling out the wrong name etc. In his view, there are three processes going on in the head, namely, id, ego and superego, which are in violent internal conflict. Id functions on“the Pleasure Principle”, while ego works on “the Reality Principle”and superego is the internalized rules of a society. Ego is in between id and superego. Task3Reading Classif ication Articles Reading2Renewable Energy Sources—A Brief Summary 1.W ork with a par tner or a gr oup of3—4students.Study the title and phr ases in bold of Reading 2and discuss the f ollowing questions. 1) Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable (naturally replenished). 2) √The purpose of using renewable energy sources. √The classification of renewable energy sources. √The examples of different types of renewable energy sources.

上海交通大学英语水平考试样题及答案

上海交通大学英语水平考试样题 Part II Integrated Reading (30%) Section 1 Banked Cloze (10%) Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Give your answers to the questions on your ANSWER SHEET. Attention:You need to change the forms of the words in the word bank where necessary. (注意：请把答案写在答题卷上,否则以零分处理) A name might tell you something about a person's background. Names can be 1) __________ of class and race. Data show African Americans are far more likely than other 2) __________ groups to give their children uncommon names. White people tend to 3) ________ more familiar names that were formerly popular with more affluent white people. The new study purports to show a link between name and outcome of life: The more 4) _________ your name, the more likely you are to land in juvenile hall. That's because we know that boys with uncommon names are more likely to come from a socio-economically 5) _________ background, which means that they also are more likely to get involved with crime. Even the researchers readily admit that it's not a name alone that 6）_______ a child's outcome, but rather the circumstance underlying the name. The researchers first assigned a popularity score to boys' names, based on how often they showed up in birth records in an undisclosed state from 1987 to 1991. Michael, the No. 1 boy's name, had a Popular Name Index score of 100; names such as Malcolm and Preston had index scores of 1. The researchers then assessed names of young men born during that time who landed in the juvenile justice system. They found that only half had a rating higher than 11. By 7) __________, in the general population, half of the names scored higher than 20. "A 10% increase in the popularity of a name is associated with a 3.7% 8) _________ in the number of juvenile delinquents who have that name." Still, the study theorizes that teenagers named Malcolm might also 9) ___________ because their peers treat them differently or they just don't like their names. And since the study's release last week, the name-crime 10) ___________ has been written or talked about in major media outlets. Section 2 True or False Judgement & Sentence Completion (10%) Directions:In this part, you will find 7 statements and 3 incomplete sentences followed by the reading passage. For questions 1-7, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Attention: For questions 1-7, one more point will be deducted if you do n’t answer

英文翻译练习作业

英文翻译练习（一） The status of Philosophy in Chinese culture has always been regarded as a comparison with that of religion in other cultures. In China, Philosophy is the concerned field by each educated one. Long time ago in China, a person would firstly accept enlightened education in Philosophy if he could be given education. Children should read the Analects, Mencius, The great Learning, The Doctrine of mean once they entered school. The Four Books were regarded as the most important documents after Song(regarded as “new Confucianism”in west).When children began to learn words, the commonly used textbook is Three Words, in which every three words a group, every six words one sentence, and the even sentence rhyme has rhyme, easy to read aloud and easy to remember. In fact, this book is used to learn words for Chinese children. The first sentence of Three Words “Man’s nature is good at birth.” Is the basic idea of philosophy of Mencius.

上海交通大学出国留学专用本科成绩单英文模板

SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY TRANSCRIPT OF RECORDS FOR UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT Department: School of Naval Architechture&Ocean Engineering Major: Naval Architechture&Ocean Engineering Name: abcd Course Credits Score Credits Score 1990-1991 Academic Year 1st Semester 2nd Semester Military Theory Physical Education Englisn Advanced Mathematics General Physics Algorithmic Language Engineering Drawing Linear Algorithm Naval Architechture and Ocean Engineering Situation and Policy History of the C.P.C General Physics Lab Introduction Of World Ship Building Taste Of Art and Life 4 2 10 16.5 6 4 6 4 2 1 / / / / B A C C A B B C A A / / / / / 2 10 15 10 / / / / 1 6 6.5 2 3 / A C B A / / / / B B B B B 1991-1992 Academic Year 1st Semester 2nd Semester Theoretical Mechanics Ship Structure Physical Education English Maxism Principle Engineering Mathemics Material Mechanics Situation and Policy Electronic Technique Electromic Circuit &Technology Lab Ship Drafting Fluid Mechanics CET-4 Machine Training Naval Practice 9 5 2 10 6 9.5 4 1 / / / / / 7 / A B A C B B C A / / / / / A / 5 / 2 10 6 / 10 1 9 4 5 11.5 / / 5 B / A C A / A B A B A B C / PASS 1992-1993Academic Year 1st Semester 2nd Semester Situation and Policy Fundamentals of Law Ship Statics Fundamentals of Machine Design Machine Design Principles of Microcomputer Ship structural Mechanics Foundament of Management Science Ship Ressitence Ship Reliability Professional English Ocean Energy Utility Socialist Construction of China Ship structural Mechanics Ship and Ocean Engineering Materials Shipbuilding Technique Shipbuilding Econmy Ship Propulsion Ship Dynamic Equipment Vehicle Electromechanical Equipment and Principle Submarine Strength Ship Equipment The Autocontrol Therory of Means of Delivery Structure Optimum Design Specialized Practice 1 3 5 10 2 6 6 6 4.5 4 4 3 / / / / / / / / / / / / / A C B C C B C A B A C B / / / / / / / / / / / / / 1 / / / / / / / / / / / 6 4 3 7 5 6 4 2 4 3 3 3 10 B / / / / / / / / / / / B C A B B B B A A C C A PASS 1993-1994 Academic Year 1st Semester 2nd Semester Ship Strength and Structure Design Regulation Design of Ship Structure Ship Maneuver and Oscilation Principle of Ship Design Ship Vibration Exercise of Principle of Ship Design Ship Group Techniques Computer-aided Ship Construction Prediction of Ship Manoeuvablility Ship Propeller Computing Ship Seakindliness Ship Characteristic Trial Research Situation and Policy Undergraduate Thesis 5 2 4.5 4 4 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 1 / A C C C C B C B B C C PASS A / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 27 / / / / / / / / / / / / / B Note: 1.The transformation rules are illustrated in the attached chart on the back of this paper. 2.There is two grades system in some test marks: Pass(above 60 or 通过) or Fail (below 60 or 未通过). 3.The score of University English is improved one level if he or she study English from band 2 or higher. Registrar：Archives , Shanghai Jiaotong University 11/08/2002

英语翻译作业

Americans are much more likely than citizens of other nations to believe that they live in a meritocracy, i.e. Government by people selected according to merit. But this self-image is a fantasy: America actually stands out as an advanced country in which it matters most who your parents were, the country in which those born on one of society’s lower rungs have the least chance of climbing to the top or even to the middle. And if you ask why America is more class-bound in practice than the rest of the Western world, a large part of the reason is that our government falls down on the job of creating equal opportunity. The failure starts early: in America, the holes in the social safety net mean that both low-income mothers and their children are all too likely to suffer from poor nutrition and receive inadequate health care. It continues once children reach school age, where they encounter a system in which the affluent send their kids to good, well-financed public schools or, if they choose, to private schools, while less-advantaged children get a far worse education. 美国人可能比任何其他国家的人都更相信他们生活在一个精英制度之下，人们推选的政府也是据其优势。然而，这个自我形象是一种幻想：作为先进国家，实际上美国的突出特点是出身至关重要，在这个国度里，来自社会底层的人几乎没有机会爬到社会中层，更不用说社会顶层。 如果你要问为什么实际上美国比其他西方国家都要阶级分明，主要原因就是我们的政府在创造公平机会方面的失败。 这种不公平很早以前就开始了：在美国，由于社会安全网存在漏洞，这就意味着低收入的母亲和他们的孩子完全有可能存在营养不良，得不到足够的医疗服务。孩子到了上学年龄这种情况也不会得到改观，他们所遇到的体制是富人可以送自己的孩子到资金充足的好的公立学校上学，如果愿意，还可以从送到私立学校上学，而穷人孩子接受的教育却非常差。

综合学术英语翻译第二册

综合学术英语翻译 Unit 1 1. 无论是谁，闯红灯都是对公共安全的极端漠视。 ( complete disregard for ) Whoever run the red light shows a complete disregard for public safety. 2. 他解释说，成功不过是自己对艺术的执着追求和运气罢了。 ( nothing more than ) Success, as he explained, was nothing more than a consistent pursuit of art and good luck. 3. 这个新产品得益于生物学与医学的交叉研究。 (at the crossroads between ) The new product has benefited from research work at the crossroads between biological and medical studies. 4. 他的观点与那位伟大哲学家的思想惊人地相似，但他声称从未听说过其观点。(echo ) It was amazing that this idea well echoed the great philosopher 's belief, which he claimed not to have heard about before. 5. 队员们进行了为期一个月的紧张训练，充分做好准备，以应对可能发生的各种突发情 况。(prepare …well for ) The one-month intense training program prepared the team members well for the possible emergencies. 6. 那位环保人士所做的演讲生动有力，给现场观众留下了深刻的印象。( be impressed with) The audience was deeply impressed with the vigor and power of the speech delivered by the environmentalist. 7. 这次旅行将为你提供一个难得的体验不同生活方式的机会。( sample) This traveling experience will provide you with a rare opportunity to sample a different way of life. 8. 充分利用有限时间是适应快节奏现代生活的必备技能之一。( use time to its fullest potential ) Using the limited time to its fullest potential is one of the must-have/required skills in adapting to the fast-paced modern life.

上海交通大学研究生英文面试

A soldier,a communist Party of China,a JavaDevelopment Engineer,anda student,it’sme,my name is Zhang Kaiming.fromhunanprovince.When I retired fromthe army,I faced two difficult choices,going towork directly or continuing further education.I love academic learning and researching.And I have ever got Shanghai scholarship.But without learning for more than two years made melose the confidence tostart from the beginning.Ientered a technology company engaged in development until the appearance of the Enrollment Project for Master Degree Candidates of College Veterans.I decided to bet with my own life and give it a try.This is the reason why I am here.My Alma mater is University ofShanghai for Science and Technology where campus environment is very beautiful.It’salso the place where my dream starts.My major in undergraduate period is the Electronic Information Science and Technology---It’s a subject covering hardware and software knowledge. .Shanghai Jiao Tong University is a place where many students dreamof.therehas long history,profoundculture,strong learning atmosphere and the talents professors.Oncesome onetold me a joke.She said she had ever taken the postgraduate examination.When she thought about whether she should go to Shanghai Jiao Tong university or FudanUniversity,the result is that she thought too much,Becauseshe failed the exam.But now I want to tell her,it not a joke.We should have dreams,What if it will be true?

研究生学术综合英语1-6课课文及翻译

Presenting a speech （做演讲） Of all human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through 在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。我们用语言 language we share experience, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit 来分享经验，表达(传递？)价值观，交换想法，传播知识， knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to think itself. 传承文化。事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。[Contrary to popular belief], language | does not simply mirror reality but also helps to create our sense of reality [by giving meaning to events]. 和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在 具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。 ——语序的调整。 Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately. 好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。词语是演讲者演讲的重要“武器”，具有特殊的用途，这和任何其他的工作技艺没什么两样。作为演讲者，必须知道词语的具体含义，也要懂得如何做到用词准确、清晰、生动、适当。 Using language accurately is as vital to a speaker as using numbers accurately to a accountant. Never use a word unless you are sure of its meaning. If you are not sure, look up the word in the dictionary. As you prepare your speeches, ask yourself constantly, “What do I really want to say? What do I really mean?”Choose words that are precise and accurate. 演讲者准确地使用语言和会计准确使用数字是一样重要的。确定词意后再措词。如果不确定，请先查词典。当你在准备演讲的时候，要不断地问自己：“我到底要说什么？我到底想表达什么意思？”用词一定要精准。 Using language clearly allows listeners to grasp your meaning immediately. You can ensure this [by using familiar words （that are known to the average person and require no specialized background）; by choosing concrete words in preference to more abstract ones, and by eliminating verbal clutter]. 用词清晰可以让听众迅速理解你的意思（抓到你的点）。要做到这一点，就要尽量使用一般人都熟悉的不需要专业知识就能懂的词语；多用具象词汇少用抽象词汇；还有要减少口误。 Using language vividly helps bring your speech to life. One way (to make your speech vivid)|is through imagery，or the creation of word pictures. You can develop imagery by using concrete language, simile, and metaphor. Simile is an explicit comparison between things （that are essentially different yet have something in common）; it always contains the words “like”or “as”. Metaphor is an implicit

上海交通大学--大学英语(一)

上海交通大学大学英语（一） 题目1 My father is leaving ______Shanghai tomorrow. 选择一项： a. to b. In c. Into d. For 题目2 Excuse me for breaking in, _______I have some news for you. 选择一项： a. yet b. so c. but d. and 题目3 ____ girl dressed _____ black is her sister Rose． 选择一项： a. The; in b. The; on c. A; on d. A; in 题目4 There’s lots of fruit_________ the tree. Our little cat is also in the tree.选择一项： a. on b. at c. in

d. under 题目5 The people in this city have planted ________ trees along both sides of the streets. 选择一项： a. a lot of b. a large amount of c. much d. a great deal of 题目6 They all go outing on such a warm spring day ______ Mark. He is busy with his lessons now. 选择一项： a. except b. beside c. besides d. except for 题目7 I'll have a cup of coffee and _____. 选择一项： a. two breads b. two pieces of breads c. two piece of breads d. two pieces of bread 题目8 The baby is hungry，but there's ____ milk in the bottle． 选择一项： a. few b. a few c. a little

英语翻译作业1

一、改译 宰客slaughter customers(cheating customers) 自学self learn(study on one’s self) 彩票colorful tickets(lottery) 救火save a fire(Firefighting) (电脑)死机systerm dead(computer crash) 吃食堂eat the canteen(eat in the canteen) 风凉话cold word(sarcastic remark) 太平门safe door(emergency exit) 三角债triangle debts(chain debts) 扣帽子put a hat on(put a label on) 文化程度cultural degree(education level) 抓紧时间grasp time firmly(hurry up) 来信写道the latter writes(the letter reads) 提高英语水平raise the level of one’s English(Improve one’s English) 胸有成竹have a bamboo in one’s stomach(have a well-thought-out plan) 二、直译 大海捞针Look for a needle in the ocean 猫哭耗子假慈悲Cat cry for mouse 嫁鸡随鸡嫁狗随狗Marry a chicken with chicken married dog follows dog 挥金如土Spend money like water 易如反掌As easy as to turn one's hand 打草惊蛇To beat the grass and frighten away the snake 呆若木鸡Dumb as a wooden chicken 千里之行始于足下Every journey begins with the first step 瑞雪兆丰年A timely heavy snow promises a good harvest . 跑得了和尚跑不了庙Run a monk can not run the temple 三、重点翻译 她经常在邻里之间搬弄是非 She always makes mischief between neighbors. 她毛遂自荐来这所学校当老师 She recommending herself to be a teacher in this school. 正真的好朋友应该是雪中送炭 True friend is who provides you timely help. 我要有个三长两短，你给我娘捎个话 If something happens to me, please give my mother a massage. 留得青山在，不愁没柴烧 As long as the green mountains are there, one need not worry about firewood. 你这人真的是狗嘴里吐不出象牙 他对你的许诺不过是个空头支票而已 His promise to you just a blank check. 我喜欢那套房子，但美中不足的是离上班的地方太远 I like that house,but the fly in the ointment is too far away from the work place.