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托福学科词汇大全

地理GEOGRAPHY geography 地理geographer 地理学家hemisphere 半球meridian 子午线，经线parallel 平行圈，纬线latitude 纬度

longitude 经度

elevation 海拔

altitude 高度

horizon 地平线

equator 赤道

Arctic 北极

Antarctic(Antarctica) 南极

expedition 探险navigation 航海topography 地形，地形学continent 大陆continental shelf 大陆架continental drift 大陆漂移说

plain 平原

plateau (highland) 高地lowland 低地

basin 盆地

cavern (cave) 洞穴

oasis （沙漠）绿洲

cleft (flaw) 裂缝

crevice (rift; slit) 裂缝summit 山顶

range （山）脉

valley 峡谷

gorge 峡谷

canyon 峡谷

channel (strait) 海峡marine （maritime; oceanic）海的

tide 潮汐ebb (away) 退潮

sea-floor spreading海床扩展

ocean bottom 海床coastland 沿海地区contour 轮廓；海岸线

continental island大陆岛

volcanic island 火山岛

coral island 珊瑚岛

insular 海岛的

islet 小岛

peninsular 半岛

ledge 暗礁

remote-sensing 遥感的

terrain 地域

terrestrial 地球的，陆地的

terrestrial heat

(geothermal) 地热

terrestrial magnetism

(geomagnetism) 地磁

subterranean( undergroun

d) 地底下

evaporation 蒸发

salinity 含盐度

sediment 沉淀物，沉积物

tropics 热带地区

tropical 热带的

temperate 温带的

temperate latitudes 温带

地区

frigid 寒带的

frost heaving 冻胀现象

[编辑] 地质

geology 地质学

geologist 地质学家

crust 地壳

mantle 地幔

core 地核

continental crust 大陆地

壳

oceanic crust 海洋地壳

layer (stratum,复strata)

地层

plate 板块

fault 断层

fault plane 断层面

fault zone 断层带

rift (crack; split) 断裂

fossil 化石

petrify 石化，硬化

igneous rock 火成岩

sedimentary rock 沉积岩

metamorphic rock 变质岩

quartz 石英

limestone 石灰岩

marble 石

granite 花岗岩

lithogenous 岩成的

lithosphere 岩石圈

mineral 矿物

ore 矿石

deposit 矿床

platinum 白金，铂

silver 银

copper 黄铜

aluminum 铝

tin 锡

lead 铅

zinc 锌

nickel 镍

mercury 汞，水银

sodium 钠

fieldstone 卵石

gem 宝石

diamond 钻石

emerald 绿宝石

ruby 红宝石

crystal 水晶

glacier 冰川

glacial 冰川的

glacial epoch ( age, period)

冰川期

glacial drift 冰渍

iceberg 冰山

volcano 火山

active volcano 活火山

extinct volcano 死火山

dormant volcano 休眠火

山

eruption 火山喷发

crater 火山口

lava (magma) 火山岩浆

magma 岩浆

volcanic 火山的

volcanic dust火山尘volcanic ash火山灰earthquake ( quake; tremor;

seism) 地震

seismic 地震的seismology 地震学magnitude 震级

seismic wave地震波cataclysm 灾变

[编辑] 天文ASTRONOMY 天文学astronomy 天文学astronomical 天文的巨大的

astronomical observatory 天文台

astronomer 天文学家astrophysics 天文物理学astrology 占星学pseudoscience 伪科学infinite 无限的

vacuum 真空

cosmos(universe) 宇宙cosmology 宇宙学cosmic（universal）宇宙的

cosmic radiation 宇宙辐射

radiation 辐射

emission 发射，散发cosmic rays 宇宙射线infrared ray 红外线celestial 天的天体的celestial body(heavenly body)天体

celestial map/sky atlas天体图

celestial sphere 天球space 空间

planeroid 位面constellation 星座cluster 星团nebula 星云

galaxy星系，银河

intergalactic 星系间的

Milky Way 银河系

dwarf (dwarf star) 白矮星

quasar 类星体，类星射电

源

star 恒星

stellar 恒星的

interstellar 恒星间的

solar system太阳系

solar radiation太阳辐射

solar corona日冕

chromosphere 色球

photosphere 光球

convection zone对流层

radiative zone辐射层

thermonuclear energycore

solar eclipse日食

planet 行星

planetoid (asteroid) 小行

星

interplanetary 行星间的

satellite 卫星

lunar 月球的

meteor 流星

meteor shower流星雨

meteoroid 流星体

meteorite 陨石

chondrite 球粒状陨石

comet 彗星

revolve 旋转，绕转

spin 旋转

orbit 轨道

twinkle 闪烁

naked eye肉眼

Mercury 水星

Venus 金星

Earth 地球

Mars 火星

Jupiter 木星

Saturn 土星

Uranus 天王星

Neptune 海王星

Pluto 冥王星

space (outer space) 太空，

外层空间

spacecraft spaceship宇宙

飞船

spaceman/astronaut宇航

员，航天员

space suit宇航服，航天服

space shuttle航天飞机

space telescope空间望远

镜

astronaut 宇航员

space debris太空垃圾

ammonia 氨

absolute magnitude绝对

量级

high-resolution 高清晰度

interferometer 干扰仪

[编辑] 气象

Meteorology 气象

meteorology 气象

meteorologist 气象学家

forecast (predict) 预报

barometer/indicator气压

计

climate 气候

balmy（moderate）温和

的

tepid（lukewarm）微温的

chilly 寒冷的

frigid 严寒的

serene 晴朗的

atmosphere 大气层

troposphere 对流层

current （气）流

vapor 蒸汽

evaporate 蒸发

damp

(wet;dank;moist;humid)

潮湿的

humidity 湿度

moisture 潮湿；水分

saturate 饱和

dew 露

frost 霜

fog (mist) 雾

smog 烟雾

droplet 小水珠condense 浓缩

crystal 水晶体结晶状的downpour/torrential rain 大雨

tempest (storm) 暴风雨drizzle 细雨

shower 阵雨

hail 冰雹

blizzard (snowstorm) 暴风雪

avalanche (snowslide) 雪崩

precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水

breeze 微风

blast/gust 一阵

gale 大风

whirlwind 旋风

typhoon 台风

hurricane 飓风

tornado (twister, cyclone) 龙卷风

funnel 漏斗，漏斗云disaster calamity, catastrophe 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没

drought 旱灾

arid 干旱的

[编辑] 化学

chemistry 化学biochemistry 生化chemical property化学特性，化学性质

chemical

composition( makeup ) 化学成分

constitute 构成组成constituent/component

成分chemical agent化学试剂

chemical reaction化学反

应

chemical change化学变化

chemical bond化学键

chemical apparatu化学器

械

substance (matter;

material) 物质

element 元素

periodic table周期表

ammonia 氨氨水

hydrogen 氢

oxygen 氧

nitrogen 氮

helium 氦

carbon 碳

calcium 钙

silicon 硅

silica 硅土

sulfur 硫

iodine 碘

blend 混合

neutralize 中和

combination 化合组合

compound 化合物

hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物

hydronic液体循环加热/冷

却

derivative 衍生物

alchemy 炼金术

petroleum (oil) 石油

petroleum products石油

产品

crude oil原油

refine 提炼，精炼

impurity 杂质

gasoline 汽油

methane 甲烷

disintegration(decomposit

ion)分解

erosion 腐蚀

hackneyed 腐的

caustic 腐蚀性的

corrode 腐蚀

stale 腐的

rust 生锈

solution 溶液

dissolve 溶解

solvent 溶剂

solubility 可溶性

cohesive 聚合力

cohesion 附着力

adhesive 粘合力

molecule 分子

atom 原子

nuclear 原子的

nucleus 原子核

electron 电子

neutron 中子

proton 质子

molecule 分子

ion 离子

particle 粒子

particle accelerator粒子

加速器

explosive 爆炸的；炸药

explode （使）爆炸

blast 爆破

kindle（ignite）燃起

sear 烧灼

intermediary 媒介物

catalysis(复catalyses）催

化作用

catalyst 催化剂

artificial 人造的

synthetic 合成的

synthetic fiber人造纤维

plastic 塑料

polymer 聚合物

polymerization 聚合作用

dye （pigment）染料染色

tint 上色

scorch 使褪色

bleach 漂白

cosmetics 化妆品

物理

PHYSICS物理学physics 物理mechanics 力学thermodynamics 热力学acoustics 声学electromagnetism 电磁学optics 光学

dynamics 动力学

statics 静力学

relativity 相对性相关性相对论

dimension 尺度维boundary 边界

brim/edge/rim/brink 边缘

force 力

pressure 压力

impetus 推动力

velocity 速度

expedite 加速acceleration 加速度accelerate 加速decelerate 减速horizontal 水平

declivity 下倾的斜面precipitate 向下投掷motion 运动

inertia 惯性

gravity 地心引力gravitation 引力引力作用

relativity 相对

friction 摩擦

attrition 磨损

chafe/scrape 擦热equilibrium 平衡equilibrium 平衡状态temperature 温度thermometer 温度计centigrade 摄氏的

fusion 溶合

thaw （使）溶化融解sublimate 使升华distillation 蒸馏colt （使）凝块

foam 泡沫

density 密度

liquid 液体

dilute 稀释冲淡

dehydrate （使）脱水

evaporate 蒸发

evaporation 蒸发作用

ventilation 通风

release 释放

discharge 释放

diffuse 传播扩散

emit/eject 发出放射

radiate 射出

transpire 发散排出

medium (media) 媒质

frequency 频率

band 波段

wavelength 波长

pitch 音高

intensity 强度

echo 回声

resonance 回声，反响

acoustic 音响的

sonar 声纳

ultrasonics 超声学

electricity 电

static electricity静电

magnetism 磁性磁力磁

学

magnet 磁体

electromagnet 电磁

magnetic field磁场

electric current电流

direct current(DC) 直流电

alternating currentAC交流

电

electric circuit电路

electric charge电荷

electric voltage电压

electric shock触电

electric appliance电器

conductor 导体

insulator 绝缘体

semiconductor 半导体

battery (cell) 电池

dry battery干电池

storage battery蓄电池

electronics 电子学

electronic 电子的

electronic

component(part) 电子零

件

integrated circuit集成电

路

chip 集成电器片，集成块

electron tube电子管

vacuum tube真空管

transistor 晶体管

shrink 收缩

amplification (名词)放大

amplify （动词）放大

amplifier 放大器，扬声器

quiver/jar 震动

vibration 震动

oscillation 震荡

optical 光（学）的

optical fiber光学纤维

lens 透镜，镜片

convex 凸透镜

concave 凹透镜

microscope 显微镜

telescope 望远镜

magnifier 放大镜

spectrum 光谱

wavelength 波长

ultraviolet 紫外线

X rays X射线

Gamma rays γ射线

infrared rays红外线

microwaves 微波

dispersion 色散

transparent 透明

translucent 半透明

opaque 不透明的

compatible 兼容的

elasticity 弹性

chaos/disorder 混乱

clutter 混乱（使）混乱[编辑] 数学MATHEMATICS mathematics 数学mathematician 数学家arithmetic 算术calculate（count）计算calculation 计算calculator 计算器calculus 微积分differential calculus微分学

integral calculus积分学abacus 算盘

numeral 数字

digit 数字,数位enumerate/numerate 计数

even 偶数

odd 奇数

sum 和

total 总和，总数aggregate 总计

fraction 分数，小数percentage 百分比quarter 四分之一decimal 十进位,(十进)小数

addition 加法

plus 加上正的subtraction 减法

minus 减去负的subtract/deduct 减去multiplication 乘法multiplication table乘法表

multiply 乘以

times乘以

power 乘方

square 平方

division 除法

divide 除以

algebra 代数

equation 方程式，等式formula 公式

root 根

function 函数

probability 概率

statistics 统计

ratio/proportion 比率

estimate/gauge 估计

evaluate 估计评价

variant/variable 变量

discrete 不连续的离散的

dispersion 离差差量

symmetry 对称（性）匀称

quantity表示量的数或符

号

quantitative 量的，数量的

qualitative 质的，质量的

deduction (inference) 推

论，演绎

induction 归纳

rank 排序排行等级

sequence 序列

dual 二重的两层的

diagram 图表

geometry 几何

geometric 几何的

figure 图形形状

parallel adj. 平行n. 平行

线

intersect 相交

dimension 维

area 面积

facet 平面

quadrilateral 四边形

vertical/ plumb/ upright/

perpendicular 垂直的

square 正方形

rectangle 长方形，矩形

polygon 多边形

loop 圈，环

circle 圆形

circular 循环的，圆的

circulation 循环

circumference 圆周

circuitous 迂回的

ellipse (oval) 椭圆形

volume 体积

bulk 容积

cube 立方形

cubic 立方体的

sphere 球形

cone 圆锥形

column 圆柱柱状物

caliber 口径

diameter 直径

radius 半径

triangle 三角形

angle 角

degree (角) 度

生态环境

ECOLOGY 生态学

ecologist 生态学家

ecosystem 生态系统

balance (of nature) 自然

界生态平衡

scenic 景色优美的

scenery 景色

puddle 小水洼

creek/brook 小溪

trickle 滴

crystal/limpid 清澈的

niche 小生态环境

habitat 栖息地

rain forest雨林

food chain食物链

acid rain酸雨

greenhouse effect温室效

应

infrared radiatio红外线辐

射

ozone layer(ozonosphere)

臭氧层

ultraviolet radiatio紫外辐

射

contaminate（defile）污

染

pollution control污染控制

air pollution空气污染

water pollution水污染

托福分学科词汇汇总

托福词汇汇总 1 ASTRONOMY 天文 astronomy 天文学 astronomical 天文的 astronomical observatory 天文台 astronomer 天文学家 astrophysics 天文物理学 astrology 占星学 pseudoscience 伪科学 cosmos(universe) 宇宙 cosmology 宇宙学 infinite 无限的 cosmic 宇宙的 cosmic radiation 宇宙辐射 cosmic rays 宇宙射线 celestial 天的 celestial body (heavenly body) 天体 celestial map (sky atlas) 天体图 celestial sphere 天球 dwarf (dwarf star) 矮星 quasar 类星体，类星射电源 constellation 星座 galaxy (Milky Way) 新河系 cluster 星团 solar system 太阳系 solar corona 日冕 solar eclipse 日食 solar radiation 太阳辐射

planet 行星 planetoid (asteroid) 小行星 revolve 旋转，绕转 twinkle 闪烁 naked eye 肉眼 Mercury 水星 Venus 金星 Earth 地球 Mars 火星 Jupiter 木星 Saturn 土星 Uranus 天王星 Neptune 海王星 Pluto 冥王星 orbit 轨道 spin 旋转 satellite 卫星 lunar 月球的 meteor 流星 meteor shower流星雨 meteoroid 流星体 meteorite 陨石 comet 彗星 space (outer space) 太空，外层空间spacecraft (spaceship) 宇宙飞船spaceman ( astronaut) 宇航员，航天员space suit 宇航服，航天服 space shuttle 航天飞机 space telescope空间望远镜 astronaut 宇航员 star 恒星 stellar 恒星的 intergalactic 星系间的 interstellar 恒星间的 interplanetary 行星间的

历年托福阅读真题高频词汇收集整理(5)

历年托福阅读真题高频词汇收集整理(5) Key 关键的important Converted修改 changed Antecedent 先行的的，先辈predecessor Appealing吸引人的 attractive Local 场所place Boosted推进 raised Scope 范围extent Prolific多产的，丰富的 productive Eager 热心的，渴望的enthusiastic Engaged使用，雇佣 hire Subsequent后来的 later Sums 总数amounts Identical同样的 exactly alike Graphic生动的，鲜明的 vivid Undoubtedly 毫无疑问的certainly Components 组成部分parts Besides 除此之外in addition to Flourished繁荣，昌盛 thrived

Grumbled 抱怨，牢骚complained Serve服务，适合 function Sole 的only Detecting 发现finding Sedentary久坐的，不活动的 inactive Subjected 受影响的exposed Essence 本质，精华basic nature Diverse 不同的different Noted 注意到 observed Emphasize 强调stress Accessible易接近的，可靠近的available Account for 解释，说明explain Smooth operation 顺利进行 effective functioning Cluster 成群 group Alert 警惕 ware Scurrying 急跑，匆忙走rushing Formidable 艰难地，令人敬畏的difficult Intent 目的，意向 purpose Regardless of 不管，不顾no matter what Marked 显著地noticeable Confine 限制 restrict

托福学科词汇大全

地理GEOGRAPHY plain平原plateau (highla nd) 咼地 con tour 轮廓；海岸线 con ti nen tal isla nd 大陆岛 geography 地理 geographer 地理学家lowla nd 低地volca nic isla nd 火山岛hemisphere 半球basin 盆地coral isla nd 珊瑚岛meridia n 子午线，经线caver n (cave) 洞穴in sular 海岛的 parallel平行圈，纬线oasis （沙漠）绿洲islet小岛 latitude 纬度cleft (flaw)裂缝penin sular 半岛 Ion gitude 经度crevice (rift; slit) 裂缝ledge 暗礁 elevatio n 海拔summit 山顶remote-se nsing 遥感的altitude 高度ran ge (山)脉terrain 地域 horizon 地平线valley 峡谷terrestrial 地球的，陆地的equator 赤道gorge 峡谷terrestrial heat Arctic北极canyon 峡谷(geothermal) 地热 An tarctic(A ntarctica) 南cha nn el (strait) 海峡terrestrial magn etism 极marine (maritime; (geomag netism) 地磁expediti on 探险oceanic )海的subterra nean( un dergro n avigati on 航海tide 潮汐ebb (away)退und）地底下 topography 地形,地形学潮evaporati on 蒸发 con ti nent 大陆sea-floor spreadi ng 海床sali nity 含盐度 con ti nen tal shelf 大陆架扩展sedime nt 沉淀物，沉积物 con ti nen tal drift 大陆漂ocea n bottom 海床tropics 热带地区移说coastla nd 沿海地区tropical 热带的

【参考借鉴】历年托福词汇题汇总440题(有答案).doc

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solar radiation 太阳辐射 planet 行星 planetoid (asteroid) 小行星 revolve 旋转，绕转 twinkle 闪烁 naked eye 肉眼 Mercury 水星 Venus 金星 Earth 地球 Mars 火星 Jupiter 木星 Saturn 土星 Uranus 天王星 Neptune 海王星 Pluto 冥王星 orbit 轨道 spin 旋转 satellite 卫星 lunar 月球的 meteor 流星 meteor shower流星雨 meteoroid 流星体 meteorite 陨石 comet 彗星 space (outer space) 太空，外层空间spacecraft (spaceship) 宇宙飞船spaceman ( astronaut) 宇航员，航天员space suit 宇航服，航天服 space shuttle 航天飞机 space telescope空间望远镜 astronaut 宇航员 star 恒星 stellar 恒星的 intergalactic 星系间的 interstellar 恒星间的

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