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Unit 1-词汇辨析

III. Word Study (100 minutes)

1. Verbal affixies

-ize/ise to cause to be; to make; to become

modernize / stablize / realize / crystalize / materialize / standardize /

computerize / idealize / capitalize

to put into stated place

hospitalize / centralize / socialize

-fy to cause to be

purify / simplify / clarify / justify / notify / classify / identify / terrify / qualify / terrify

-en to become

darken / weaken / blacken / sadden

to be made of

wooden / golden / woolen

2. body / faculty / staff

body

1). whole physical structure of a human being or an animal; main part of a human body

dead body a strong body

2). main part of sth

the body of a ship the body of the theater

the main body of the book

3). object

heavenly bodies a foreign body

4). group of people working or acting as a unit

a body of troops a body of supporters

a legislative body a government body

the student body the governing body

the school body an elected body

Faculty

1).any of the power s of the body or mind

the faculty of the sight mental faculties

2). department or group of related departments in a university

the Faculty of Law the Faculty of Science

3). the whole teaching staff in one of the departments or in the whole university

The entire faculty of the university will attend the meeting.

Staff (usu. sing)

1). group of assistants working together in a business, etc responsible to a manager or a person in authority

the hotel staff the shop staff

We need more staff in the office.

I have a staff of ten

2). those people doing administrative work

a head teacher and her staff (校长及全体教师）

The school staff are expected to supervise school meals.

3. testify / justify / verify / Certify

1). testify to declare as a witness, esp. in court; give evidence（提供证据，作证）

Two witnesses testified against her and one in her favor.

2). justify to show that sth / sb is right, reasonable or just

（表明或证明某人或某事是正当的，有理的或公正的）

You shouldn’t attempt to justify yourself

They found it hard to justify their son’s giving up a secure well-paid job. 3). verify to check; to make sure sth is true or accurate（证实，核查）

The computer verified the data was loaded correctly.

4). certify to declare formally, esp. in writing or on a printed document

（尤指书面证明）

He certified it was his wife’s handwriting.

4. say / speak / talk / tell / converse

1). say 其宾语通常是所说的话的内容

He hasn’t said that he is leaving.

或用以表达出直接引语

He said, “Good night”, and went to bed.

2). speak 用途较广，可指说或说话

The baby is learning to speak.

Please don’t speak with your mouth full of food.

还可指发言或演讲，通常是一人讲大家听

I’d like to speak with you about my idea.

We have invited her to speak on American politics.

还可用来指会说或能够用某种语言说话。

He speaks several languages.

3). talk通常用来指两人或两人以上相互交谈，含着有话对象的意思, 往往只调侃或闲聊

We sat in the bar and talked for hours

4). tell 强调一人提供信息，其他人接受信息

She told him to hurry up.

She told me nothing about herself.

5). converse谈话交谈，更正式

It is a pleasure to converse with you.

It is difficult to converse with people who do not speak your language.

5. rather / fairly / quite / pretty

几个副词均可以表示“适度地”，“在某种程度上”，或“不很”意思，常用于改变所修饰的形容词或副词的分量.

1). rather

a. 既可与褒义词连用也可与贬义词连用。与褒义词连用时，听起来令人心情愉悦；

rather good play rather poor work

b. 与贬义词或中性词连用时，表示不赞成或不满意。

rather hot rather small

c. 可与比较级或too连用

The house is rather bigger than we thought.

Those shoes are rather too small.

d. 与a/an + adj. + n.连用时，可置于a / an 之前。

a rather nice day a rather pretty woman

2). fairly 词义最弱，多与褒义词连用

fairly tidy / friendly

3). quite和rather一样，在与a/an + adj. + n.连用时，可置于a / an 之前。

A quite nice guy a quite promising future

4). pretty

a. 词义最强也最通俗，但词义的强弱受语调影响较大。

A pretty simple question a pretty ugly man

b. 和rather一样既可与褒义词连用也可与贬义词连用。与褒义词连用时，听起来令人心情愉悦；

6. sensitive / sensible

1). sensible reasonable; having or showing good sense

a sensible person a sensible suggestion

2). sensitive easily hurt, damaged, affected, offended, upset

a sensitive nerve heat-sensitive

a sensitive girl sensitive to criticism

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9BUnit 1词汇表拓展 1.glob e n. 地球，世界，地球仪glob al adj. 2.c o ns u me v. 消费c o ns u mer n. c u st o mer n. 顾客 3.vary v. 改变various adj. variety n. 4.threat n. threaten v. 威胁 5.threat to sb./sth. 对。。。的威胁 6. a threat of … 。。。的（坏）兆头，迹象 7.affect sb. = have an effect on sb. = influence sb. effective adj. 有效的 8.write – wrote – wri tt en wri ter n. 作者wri ting n. 文字，笔记，文章 9.occur – occu rred– occu rred存在于，发生 10.protect…from protection n. protective adj. 11.destroy v. 摧毁destruction n. 摧毁destructive adj. 毁灭性的 12.what to do with the problem = how to deal with the problem https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e45764757.html,par e v. compar ison n. 比较 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e45764757.html,pare sth. to… 把。。。比作 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e45764757.html,pare A with B 比较A和B 16.classic adj. 经典的，有永久价值或意义的classical adj. 古典的 17.historic adj. 具有历史意义的historical adj. 历史上的，史学的 18.be grate ful to sb. = be thankful to sb. 感激某人

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Tuck Verb 1．draw together into folds or puckers Synonym: gather pucker 2. fit snugly into e.g. insert your ticket into the slot tuck your shirttail in Synonym: insert 3. make a tuck or several folds in e.g. tuck the fabric Verdant Adj 1.characterized by abundance of verdure Spectacularly Adv 1. in a spectacular manner E.g. the area was spectacularly scenic Synonym: stunningly Awe-inspiring Adj 1. inspiring awe or admiration or wonder E.g. New York is an amazing city Synonym: Amazing awesome awful awing Lush Adj 1. Produced or growing in extreme abundance e.g. their riotous blooming 2. full of juice e.g. lush fruits 3. characterized by extravagance and profusion

e.g. a lavish buffet Synonym: lavish Quintessentially Adv. representing a perfect or typical example of something. Compact Adj 1. Closely and firmly united or packed together e.g. compact soil compact clusters of flowers 2. briefly giving the gist of something e.g. a short and compendious book a compact style is brief and pithy 3. having a short and solid form or stature E.g. a wrestler of compact build Synonym: Heavyset Verb 1. Squeeze or press together E.g. she compressed her lips the spasm contracted the muscle 2. make more compact by or as if by pressing E.g. compress the data Synonym: Compress pack together 3. Compress into a wad E.g. wad paper into the box 4. Have the property of being packable or of compacting easily E.g. this powder compacts easily Such odd-shaped items do not pack well Synonym: pack Stride Verb 1. Cover or traverse by taking long steps

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Unit 1 have taken so many stupid risks. 你有为你的家人多一点考虑，你就不会有那么多愚蠢的风险。 2. Due to the lack of an adequate(充足的) labor(劳动力) force(力), even 由于缺乏劳动力这个村的妇女甚至被迫在煤矿工作。 3. We went through lovely countryside with great mountains, some of them beautiful and green and wooded(树木繁茂的荒野). 我们沿途经过风景秀丽的乡村，那里山峦起伏，有一些被森林覆盖，郁郁葱葱，风景宜人；另一些则是荒山秃岭，草木不生。灰) from the furnace(火炉) with his bare hands. 清洁工脱下他的外套，开始用他的赤裸的双手擦去炉上的灰烬。 5. People in that area are already threatened(威胁) with environmental(环境的人们已经感受到环境破坏方面的威胁，因为有60％的森林已被破坏。

6. The auto(汽车 of private(私人的) cars this year due to the improved working efficiency(效率). 由于提高了工作效率，汽车公司已经看到了今年私家车产量大幅增加。 7. Under severe(严峻的、剧烈的) attack from enemy(敌人) aircraft(飞机), the troops(军队) were forced to(不得不 front. 在敌机的剧烈打击下，前面的部队被迫撤退。 8. When I came up to a giraffe(长颈鹿) lying on the grasses, I found that it had been killed with a spear(矛、标枪尖端浸过) poison. 当我到看一个长颈鹿躺在草，我发现它已经被带毒尖矛杀死。 9. He stayed eight days in an open boat with no food, and he was still alive; 他在无遮档的小船上呆了八天,又没有食物,还活下来了,这真是个奇迹。 10. Survival(n.生存) of the Fittest(adj.胜任的，优胜劣汰) is a(n)

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