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备战2018年高考英语考点一遍过专题19情态动词(含解析)

备战2018年高考英语考点一遍过专题19情态动词(含解析)
备战2018年高考英语考点一遍过专题19情态动词(含解析)

考点19 情态动词

高考频度:★★★★★

【命题解读】

高考研究英语中常用的情态动词主要有can,could,may,might,must,will,would,shall,should,ought to,dare,need,used to,had better等。在学习情态动词时应注意以下几点:同一情态动词表示不同的意义的情况;情态动词后跟各种形式的用法;尤其要注意"情态动词+完成式"是高考中的重点所在。【命题预测】

情态动词是各地高考试题中的必考项目,每年高考单独命题区的单项填空必有一道考查情态动词的项目。新课标卷主要在语法填空和短文改错中考查。考点依次是:推测(可能性)→请求/允许→必要性→特殊用法。试题的立意不偏不怪,但有效信息越来越隐蔽,语境越来越真实,考查角度越来越细致,这些因素在很大程度上增加了试题的难度。

【复习建议】

1. 真实的语境中对情态动词的理解和把握;

2. 掌握情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法;

3. 掌握情态动词表达"情感、态度、语气等"方面的用法。

考向一can,could与be able to的用法

1.表示能力,意为"能,会"。

?Many people can use the computer.

许多人会用电脑。

?If you have a good sleep,you will be able to work out this problem.

如果你好好睡一觉,你将能够解出这道题。

?I could have worked out the problem,but I was too nervous.

我本来可以解决这个问题,但我太紧张了。

2.can/could表示惊讶,常用在否定句和疑问句中。

?How can you treat me like that?

你怎么能那样对我?

3.can/could表示礼貌地请求别人做某事,意为"能,可以"。

?Can I have a word with you? It won’t take long.(表示请求)我可以和你谈谈吗?不会花很多时间的。

(2017·北京卷·单项填空)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ________ easily reach the books on the top shelf.

A. must

B. should

C. can

D. need

【参考答案】C

【答案解析】考查情态动词。can表示能力,意为“能够” 。故答案为C。句意:塞缪尔——我们班个子最高的男孩——能够轻松地够到架子顶层上的书。

考向二may与might的用法

1.表示请求、允许时,might比may的语气更委婉一些,否定回答时要用mustn’t,表示"不可以""禁

止""阻止"之意。

?—May I play basketball this afternoon?

—No,you mustn’t.

——今天下午我可以打篮球吗?

——不,不行。

2."may/might as well+动词原形"意为"最好,倒不如",may/ might well+动词原形,意为"很可能"。

?He may/ might well stay in Beijing now.

他现在很可能呆在北京。

?If you think the price of beef is too high,you might as well buy some pork.It depends on you. 如果你认为牛肉太贵的话,你不妨买些猪肉。你自己决定。

might为may的过去式,但也可以代替may,语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定。

He might not come today. 今天他也许不来了。(语气不肯定)

You might also get a headache when you work too hard. 当你工作太努力时,你也可

能患头痛。

You feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.

A. should

B. need

C. shall

D. may

【参考答案】D

考向三must与need的用法

1.must用于否定句,表示"禁止",表示说话者的命令或指令,语气比较强烈。

?You mustn’t play with the knife,or you may hurt yourself.你千万不要玩刀,否则会伤到自己。

2.must表示必要性,意为"必须"。

?Progress must lead to a better life and a better way of doing things.

发展一定会促成一种更好的生活,更好的做事情的方法。

3.must表示偏执、固执,意为"非得,偏要"。

?If you must go,at least wait until the storm is over.

如果你非要走的话,至少等到暴风雨结束。

①must开头的疑问句,其否定回答通常用don’t have to或needn’t。而不用mustn’t。

—Must I finish my homework first? 我必须先完成作业吗?

—No, you don’t have to/ needn’t. 不,你不必。

②can和must在表推测时,can一般用于否定句中,而must 常用于肯定句中。

It can not be Li Lei. 那个人不可能是李磊。

It must be Li Lei. 那个人肯定是李磊。

4. need 的用法:

(1)情态动词,"需要,有必要",一般用于否定句或疑问句中。

You needn’t come here this afternoon. 你今天下午不必来。

(2)行为动词,"需要, 有必要",可以用于各种句式中。

You don’t need to go now. 你不必现在就走。

I need to have a rest. 我需要休息一下。

Do we need to finish all the work today? 我们今天需要完成所有的工作吗?【巧学妙记】

need的用法助记口诀

实义动词表"需要",后接名、代、不定式。

need后接动名词,主动形式表被动。

情态动词表"需要",没有人称、数之变。

其后直接加动原,多用疑问与否定。

1.—Can’t you stay a little longer?

—It’s getting late. I really _________go now, My daughter is home alone.

A .may

B .can

C . must

D .dare

【参考答案】C

2.You __________be careful with the camera. It costs!

A .must B. may C. can D. will

【参考答案】A

【答案解析】考查情态动词。根据下文的it costs可知,照相机很昂贵,可推断此处是说,你一定要非常小心对待照相机。故选A 。may可能;can能够,有时会;will会,愿意。

考向四will与would的用法

1.表示请求、建议等,would比will委婉客气。

?Would you mind opening the window for me?

请你给我打开窗户好吗?

2.will和would表示意志、愿望和决心。

?I will never talk to him again.

我再也不愿意和他说话了。

3.will可以表示一种习惯性的动作,有"总是"或"总要"之意。

Fish will die without water.没有水,鱼会死去。

考向五shall,should与ought to的用法

1.shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。

?Shall we begin our new lesson today?

我们今天开始上新课好吗?

2.shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。

?You shall be punished for what you have done.

你必须为你的所作所为受到惩罚。

3.should表示义务、职责等,意为"应该"。

?You should be strict with yourself as an officer.

作为一名官员,你应该严格要求自己。

4.ought to表示应该。

?You ought not to be late for such an important meeting.

这么重要的会议你不应该迟到的。

5.shall还可表示法律、规定和条例中规定的"应该"。

Whoever drives through a red light shall be fined at least 200 yuan.不论谁驾车闯红灯,罚款至少200元。

考向六情态动词表推测的用法

1.can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性,意为"有时会";用于疑问句中可以表示推测,意为"可能",有时表示一种惊讶的语气;用于否定句中也可以表示推测,can’t意为"不可能",语气很强烈。

?As we all know,an experienced teacher can make mistakes.

众所周知,一位有经验的老师也会犯错。

?He can’t have left. His coat is here.

他不可能已经走了。他的外套还在这里。

?Mr Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the meeting?布什先生做什么事情都很准时,他怎么可能开会迟到呢?

2.may/might用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测,意为"有可能";用于否定句中也可以表示推测,may not意为"可能不",表示一种不太确定的语气。

?—What are you doing this Saturday?

—I’m not sure,but I might go to the Rolling Stones concert.

——本周六你打算干什么?

——还说不定,但我可能会去滚石音乐会。

3.must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中,意为"一定,必定",表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can/could)。Z/x/x/k

?Someone must have used my umbrella yesterday. I found it wet.

昨天一定有人用了我的雨伞,我发现它湿了。

4.should用来表示推测时意为"应该",即含有"按道理来说应当如此"的意思。

?There shouldn’t be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.

因为你在驾校训练了那么多,通过路考应该没什么困难。

考向七"情态动词+have done"的用法

1."must have done"

?表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成"一定做过某事",该结构只用于肯定句。

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